In the next three lines of Breisgauish (Radlof, 2, 95) words which agree more or less with PG. are in italic—
"Do isch au kei Plätzle meh,Here is also no spot more,Wui könntmiHaupt[58]hinlege,where I might my head repose,Wenn ivun der Arbet geh."when I from my work depart.
The following (Radlof, 2, 92) is also in the Breisgau dialect:
Siehsch de, Kind, de Regeboge,...Gel, das isch e Pracht vun Farbe,...Noeh het jetz mit de SineE Johannisfirle g'macht,Un in Herrlikeit un PrachtIsch der Herr debi erschine,Un zum Noeh het er g'sproche:Guck, e Zeiche setz i fest,Wil de Fride mit mer hest,'s Wort des hab i niemol brocheUn de Herr het's Wort au g'halte,Den der Regeboge steht,Wenn Gott au im Wetter geht,Un er loszt de Zorn nit walte.Seest thou child the rainbow,...truly it is a glory of color,...Noah has now with (the) his [people]made a (midsummer) Johannes-fire[59]and in splendor and glorythe Lord (dabei) thereat appeared,and to Noah has he spoken:Behold, a sign I firmly setwhilst thou (hast) keepst peace with me,the word—that have I never brokenand the Lord has the word also kept,for the rainbow standswhenever God goes in the tempest,and he (läszt) allows not (den) the anger to rule.
FOOTNOTES:[47]G. gelb, Ohg. gelo, Swiss, etc., gälyellow.[48]Not PG. ærpsǝ, G. erbsen (peas), but a form oferdbeere(strawberry).[49]G. Ich habe nichts lieber gethan. (G. adj. and adv.lieber, adverbialised with-s.)Nothing would I rather have done.[50]The word is "schwœhl" in the original—probably borrowed from the local English wordswale. Wuu, G. wo,where. The author was born in 1816, at Niagara, in a small colony which had emigrated from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania—his father in 1811. The colony received additions about the year 1830.[51]=at once. Dr. Jones, 1701, gives 'wæns,wænst' as the English pronunciation in Shropshire and some parts of Wales. Buchanan, 1766, gives 'wæns' as correct English.—A. J. Ellis.[52]Die Sprache der Luxemburger. Luxemburg, 1855.[53]This word varies to heer, and horch may be used.[54]Herehii˛ is given for the rhyme, the proper word being G.da, PG. 'doo.' On this account the Rev. D. Ziegler makes the following variation on my version—Sii noochbǝr was mei, freet iss,Wann ich im gærtli schtee,Gærn heer ich frii am sundaakDii kærchǝbellǝ geh.[55]This was written before the Franco-German war which re-annexed Alsatia to Germany. When I read out the first example in Chapter VIII. (Wiidǝr aa˛geschmiirt), to the Philological Society, on communicating this paper, 3 June, 1870, Dr. E. Mall, an Alsatian, who was present, remarked that it reminded him throughout of his native dialect, of which he thoroughly recognized the pronunciation. I may remark that I have never heard PG. pronounced, although I have heard Austrian, Saxon, Rhenish, Bavarian, and Swiss dialects, and read solely by the phonetic orthography here given.—A. J. Ellis.[56]F. E. Petri (Handbuch der Fremdwörter, 1845) explainsSpargiméntorSpargeméntas "ein ausgestreutes Gerücht, Ausgesprenge, Geträtsch oder Gerede; Aussprengsel," in short,gossiporidle talk, evidently from Latinspargere.—A. J. Ellis.[57]Compare Goethe'sFaust—Faust.Mein schönes Fräulein, darf ich wagen,Meinen Arm und Geleit Ihr anzutragen?Margarete.Bin weder Fräulein, weder schön,Kann ungeleitet nach Hause gehn.—A. J. E.[58]Scarcely PG., 'kǝp' (G. kopf) being used.[59]See Pulleyn's Etym. Compendium, 1853, atBONE-FIRES. [See also, Jacob Grimm,Deutsche Mythologie, pp. 567-597, for fires generally, and pp. 583-593, for these Midsummer fires in particular.—A. J. Ellis.]
[47]G. gelb, Ohg. gelo, Swiss, etc., gälyellow.
[47]G. gelb, Ohg. gelo, Swiss, etc., gälyellow.
[48]Not PG. ærpsǝ, G. erbsen (peas), but a form oferdbeere(strawberry).
[48]Not PG. ærpsǝ, G. erbsen (peas), but a form oferdbeere(strawberry).
[49]G. Ich habe nichts lieber gethan. (G. adj. and adv.lieber, adverbialised with-s.)Nothing would I rather have done.
[49]G. Ich habe nichts lieber gethan. (G. adj. and adv.lieber, adverbialised with-s.)Nothing would I rather have done.
[50]The word is "schwœhl" in the original—probably borrowed from the local English wordswale. Wuu, G. wo,where. The author was born in 1816, at Niagara, in a small colony which had emigrated from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania—his father in 1811. The colony received additions about the year 1830.
[50]The word is "schwœhl" in the original—probably borrowed from the local English wordswale. Wuu, G. wo,where. The author was born in 1816, at Niagara, in a small colony which had emigrated from Lancaster county, Pennsylvania—his father in 1811. The colony received additions about the year 1830.
[51]=at once. Dr. Jones, 1701, gives 'wæns,wænst' as the English pronunciation in Shropshire and some parts of Wales. Buchanan, 1766, gives 'wæns' as correct English.—A. J. Ellis.
[51]=at once. Dr. Jones, 1701, gives 'wæns,wænst' as the English pronunciation in Shropshire and some parts of Wales. Buchanan, 1766, gives 'wæns' as correct English.—A. J. Ellis.
[52]Die Sprache der Luxemburger. Luxemburg, 1855.
[52]Die Sprache der Luxemburger. Luxemburg, 1855.
[53]This word varies to heer, and horch may be used.
[53]This word varies to heer, and horch may be used.
[54]Herehii˛ is given for the rhyme, the proper word being G.da, PG. 'doo.' On this account the Rev. D. Ziegler makes the following variation on my version—Sii noochbǝr was mei, freet iss,Wann ich im gærtli schtee,Gærn heer ich frii am sundaakDii kærchǝbellǝ geh.
[54]Herehii˛ is given for the rhyme, the proper word being G.da, PG. 'doo.' On this account the Rev. D. Ziegler makes the following variation on my version—
Sii noochbǝr was mei, freet iss,Wann ich im gærtli schtee,Gærn heer ich frii am sundaakDii kærchǝbellǝ geh.
[55]This was written before the Franco-German war which re-annexed Alsatia to Germany. When I read out the first example in Chapter VIII. (Wiidǝr aa˛geschmiirt), to the Philological Society, on communicating this paper, 3 June, 1870, Dr. E. Mall, an Alsatian, who was present, remarked that it reminded him throughout of his native dialect, of which he thoroughly recognized the pronunciation. I may remark that I have never heard PG. pronounced, although I have heard Austrian, Saxon, Rhenish, Bavarian, and Swiss dialects, and read solely by the phonetic orthography here given.—A. J. Ellis.
[55]This was written before the Franco-German war which re-annexed Alsatia to Germany. When I read out the first example in Chapter VIII. (Wiidǝr aa˛geschmiirt), to the Philological Society, on communicating this paper, 3 June, 1870, Dr. E. Mall, an Alsatian, who was present, remarked that it reminded him throughout of his native dialect, of which he thoroughly recognized the pronunciation. I may remark that I have never heard PG. pronounced, although I have heard Austrian, Saxon, Rhenish, Bavarian, and Swiss dialects, and read solely by the phonetic orthography here given.—A. J. Ellis.
[56]F. E. Petri (Handbuch der Fremdwörter, 1845) explainsSpargiméntorSpargeméntas "ein ausgestreutes Gerücht, Ausgesprenge, Geträtsch oder Gerede; Aussprengsel," in short,gossiporidle talk, evidently from Latinspargere.—A. J. Ellis.
[56]F. E. Petri (Handbuch der Fremdwörter, 1845) explainsSpargiméntorSpargeméntas "ein ausgestreutes Gerücht, Ausgesprenge, Geträtsch oder Gerede; Aussprengsel," in short,gossiporidle talk, evidently from Latinspargere.—A. J. Ellis.
[57]Compare Goethe'sFaust—Faust.Mein schönes Fräulein, darf ich wagen,Meinen Arm und Geleit Ihr anzutragen?Margarete.Bin weder Fräulein, weder schön,Kann ungeleitet nach Hause gehn.—A. J. E.
[57]Compare Goethe'sFaust—
Faust.Mein schönes Fräulein, darf ich wagen,Meinen Arm und Geleit Ihr anzutragen?
Margarete.Bin weder Fräulein, weder schön,Kann ungeleitet nach Hause gehn.—A. J. E.
[58]Scarcely PG., 'kǝp' (G. kopf) being used.
[58]Scarcely PG., 'kǝp' (G. kopf) being used.
[59]See Pulleyn's Etym. Compendium, 1853, atBONE-FIRES. [See also, Jacob Grimm,Deutsche Mythologie, pp. 567-597, for fires generally, and pp. 583-593, for these Midsummer fires in particular.—A. J. Ellis.]
[59]See Pulleyn's Etym. Compendium, 1853, atBONE-FIRES. [See also, Jacob Grimm,Deutsche Mythologie, pp. 567-597, for fires generally, and pp. 583-593, for these Midsummer fires in particular.—A. J. Ellis.]
¶ 1. Dass dii meed ǝn wunnǝrbaarǝr schtǝff sin, wen [wann?] sii f'r mennǝ ausgrukǝ, wærd iir aa schun ausgefunnǝ hawǝ. Sii sin so schlippǝrich wii ǝn fisch, un wan m'r meent m'r hätt eens fescht, dan knabbǝrt 's schun an nǝr annǝrǝ ang'l.
Tricked again.—That the maidens are a wondrous matter if they(ausgucken)look out for husbands(werdet Ihr)will you(auch)also have(schon)already discovered.They are as slippery as a fish, and when one supposes(subjunctive er hätte)he might have one fast,(it nibbles)there is already nibbling at(einer andern)another hook.
¶ 2. Ich hab eich do schun foor 'sǝm' tseit tsrik f'rtseelt, wii ich mit d'r 'Hænnǝ' ei˛kummǝ bin, un was f'r 'kælkǝleesch'nss' dass ich gemacht hab f'r n 'schtoor' úftsusétsǝ an dem alti Schniipikl seinǝr kreits-schtross.
I have recounted(euch)to you here 'some' time ago, how I paid attentions to 'Hannah,' and the 'calculations' that I made to set up[an English idiom]a 'store' at old Schniepickel's Crossroads.
¶ 3. 'Well,' selli tseit hab ich mich bei d'r 'Hænnǝ' wiischt aa˛geschmiirt gefunnǝ (kfunnǝ), f'r ich hab gemeent, dass sii niimand sunscht 'gleichǝ,' un liiwǝr drei moonat lang gebrootǝnǝ rattǝ fressǝ deet, wii an eenighǝr annǝrǝr kærl tsu denkǝ—
'Well,' that time I found myself badly[60]tricked with 'Hannah,' for I believed that she 'liked' nobody else, and(thät lieber fressen)would rather devour fried rats three months long, than to think on any other fellow;
¶ 4. un dii 'seem' tseit hat sii dem 'Sæm' Hinnǝrbee˛ 'kumpanii' gewwǝ, un tsu annǝri ksaat, sii wǝtt sich liiwǝr ufhenkǝ und'r hals mit d'r hǝls-seeg apschneidǝ, as so ǝn alt 'griinharn' wii mich heiǝrǝ.
and the 'same' time she gave 'Sam' Hinterbein 'company' and said to others, she would rather hang herself and cut off the neck with the wood-saw(als)than to marry such an old greenhorn as me.
¶ 5. Du kannscht diir denkǝ, dass mich sel f'rtsernt hǝt un dass ich mei˛ 'plæns' weeghǝ schtoorhaltǝ an dem kreitsweek pletslich ge-ennǝrt hab.
You can imagine to yourself that that(verzürnt)angered me, and that(plötzlich)suddenly I(habe geändert)changed my plans about storekeeping at the Crossway.
¶ 6. Ich hab mich dann ǝn bissl rúmgegúkt un gefúnnǝ dass drǝwǝ an d'r 'Passǝm krik' ǝn 'neisi opning' f'r n tíchtighǝr 'schmærtǝr' kærl wii ich eenǝr bin, wær.
I then looked me(ein biszchen herum)a little round and(gefunden)found that(droben)up on 'Possum creek' was a 'nice opening' for a(tüchtigtight)capable 'smart' fellow, as I am one.
¶ 7. Dart am ek wuunt d'r alt 'Eeb' Windbeissǝr uf m groosi schtik land; dem sei˛ 'Meeri' hǝt m'r 'ǝbaut' aa˛kschtannǝ, un allǝs sunscht dart rum hǝt m'r recht guut gefállǝ (kfallǝ), juscht hǝt dii 'Meeri' so gaar eewich fiil schweschtǝr un briidǝr, dass als kee˛ plats f'r uns tswee im haus waar, un in dii scheir geeǝ musstǝ, wann m'r mit ǝn-annǝr schwetsǝ wǝttǝ.
There on the corner lives old 'Abe' Windbeisser on a large piece (of) land; whose 'Mary about' pleased me, and all(sonst dort herum)besides there-about pleased me right well, only Mary had(gar ewig so viel)quite ever so many sisters and brothers, that (there) was always no place for us two in the house, and (we) must go in the barn when we would speak with oneanother.
¶ 8. Sell hǝt m'r 'ǝf-koors' net so árik aa˛kschtannǝ, awǝr (aawǝr) dii Meeri hǝt gemeent des wær niks, m'r misst sich ewwǝ tsu helfǝ wissǝ.
That 'of-course' was not so very agreeable to me, but Mary considered that to be nothing; one must know(eben)exactly how to help one's self.
¶ 9. En tseit lang iss 'nau' allǝs guut gangǝ, meini 'kælkǝleeschǝnss' waarǝ wiidǝr 'reddi' un dii Meeri hǝt mir tsu f'rschteeǝ gewwǝ, dass ich eenichǝ tseit mit iirǝm daadi schwetsǝ un dann d'r parrǝr [and parrǝ] beschtéllǝ kennt.
(For) some time 'now' all went well, my 'calculations' were again 'ready,' and Mary had given me to understand that any time I could speak with her(Swiss dädi)father, and then engage the minister.
¶ 10. 'Well,' d'r neekscht sundaak, ich hab iim ksaat dass ich un sei˛ Meeri unsǝr meind ufgemacht hättǝ tsu heiǝrǝ, un froog iin ep ær eenich eppǝs [or ebbǝs] dageeghǝ hätt. Nee˛, secht ær, ich hab niks dageeghǝ, aawǝr hǝscht du dann dii 'Mændǝ' heit kseene?
'Well' the next Sunday I told him that I and his Mary had(English idiom)made up our 'mind' to marry, and asked him(ob)if he had(einiges etwas)any(some)thing there-against. No,(sägt, for G. sagte)said he, I have nothing against it—but have you seen 'Amanda' to-day?
¶ 11. "Iir hen mich lets f'rschtannǝ," saag ich, "ich will dii Meeri heiǝrǝ, net dii Mændǝ." (Du muscht wissǝ, dii Mændǝ iss 'ǝbaut' seks joor eltǝr wii dii Meeri un net neekscht soo guutgukich.)
"You have understood me[Swiss and SG. letz]wrongly," say I, "I wish to marry 'Mary' and not 'Amanda'." (You must know, 'Amanda' is 'about' six years older than 'Mary,' and not(next)near so goodlooking.)
¶ 12. "Joo, ich hab dich recht guut f'rschtannǝ, aawǝr du bischt noch net 'ufgepooscht.' Geschtǝr marighǝ iss dii Mændǝ nooch 'Hen' Greifdaalǝrs 'schtoor' un hǝt sich eppǝs kaaft—'Griischǝn' Bendǝr glaab ich heescht sii des ding.
"Yes, I have understood you right well, but you are not yet 'posted' up. Yesterday morning 'Amanda' went to 'Hen.' Gripedollar's 'store' and bought herself something—'Grecian' Bend(pun onbendandbänder, ribbons,)I believe she calls the thing.
¶ 13. "Wii dii Meeri sel geseenǝ (or kseenǝ) hat, wærd sii gans (or gants) närrisch dofoor, un fangt aa˛ mit d'r Mændǝ tsu handlǝ, weil d'r 'schtoorkiipǝr' juscht dii eéntsighǝ maschiin katt hǝt.
When Mary saw it she becomes quite silly(dafür)for it, and begins to bargain with Amanda, as the 'storekeeper'(hat gehabt)had but the single machine.
¶ 14. "Well, sii sin net eenich [geworden] warrǝ bis geeghǝ oowǝt, un dann hen sii 'ǝgriid,' das dii Meeri dich tsu d'r Mændǝ ufgept, un dii Meeri dii Griischǝn Bendǝr kriikt!"
"Well, they were not(einig)in accord till(gegen abend)towards evening, and then they 'agreed' that Mary would give you up to Amanda, and she should get the Grecian Bend."
¶ 15. F'rschwappt? Mich uf den 'Griischǝn', Bendǝr 'f'rschwappt,' oone mich ærscht tsu frooghǝ?!
'Swapped'! Me 'swapped' on the Grecian Bend,(ohne mich erst zu fragen)without first asking me?!
¶ 16. "So schteet s 'nau,' dii Mændǝ is drunnǝ im kuuschtall, wann du fĭleicht ærscht mit iir dǝrweeghǝ schwetsǝ witt."
"So stands it 'now,' Amanda is(darunter)down there at the stable, if you perhaps(willst)will first speak with her about it."
¶ 17. Ich? mit iir dǝrweeghǝ schwetsǝ? Iss gaar net nootwennich! Wann mich deini meed kaafǝ, f'rkaafǝ un f'rschwappǝ kennǝ, dann sollǝ sii aa seenǝ, dass sii mich kriighǝ. 'Guutbei.'
I? speak with her about it? (It) is quite unnecessary. If your girls(können kaufen)can buy, sell, and 'swap' me, then(sollen sie auch sehen)shall they also see that they get me. 'Goodby.'
¶ 18. Ich wees net was dii Windbeissǝr meed[61]mit un oone Griischǝn Bendǝr fun miir denkǝ, aawǝr was ich fun iinǝ denk wees ich, wærd diir s aawǝr 'ennihau' net saaghǝ.
I know not what the Windbeisser girls with and without Grecian Bend think of me,(aber ich weiss)but I know what I think of them—but will 'anyhow' not tell it to you.
¶ 19. 'Nau' hab ich im sinn noch eé˛mool[62]tsu prowiirǝ, sobál ich n 'tschænss' ausfinn, un wann m'r s aa dann net glikt, geb ich s uf un wærd ǝn altǝr 'bætschǝlǝr.'[63]
I now have in mind(zu probîren)to try yet(einmal)once, as soon as I find out a 'chance,' and if it also prospers not then with me, I will give it up and be an old 'bachelor.'
¶ 1. Ich lees eiǝr tseitung 'reglǝr' alli woch, un weil ich alsfart so fiil nei-ichkeit'n drin lees, do bin ich schun oft (ǝft) uf dii 'nosch'n' [gekommen] kummǝ iir [müsset] misst allǝs wissǝ.
How comes it?I read(euer)your journal 'regular' every week, and as I constantly read so many novelties in it,(dathen)have I indeed often come to the 'notion' you must know everything.
¶ 2. Wanneppersich ufhengt, ǝdǝr heiǝrt, ǝdǝreppǝsschteelt, ǝdǝr gærn ǝn guuti 'affis' hätt, ǝdǝr in dii 'tscheel' kummt, ǝdǝr sich n fing-er apschneidt, ǝdǝr sei˛ 'plats' f'rkaaft, ǝdǝr n hinkl schteelt, ǝdǝr 'guuf'rniir´' wærrǝ will, ǝdǝr im 'gǝttǝr' kfunnǝ wært, ǝdǝr seini tseitung net betsaalt, dann kann m'r sich druf f'rlassǝn, dass ǝs in dii tseitung kummt.
If(Swissepper, masc. of G. etwas,)anyone hangs himself, or marries, or steals(G. etwas)anything, or would like to have a good 'office,' or gets into 'jail,' or cuts himself a finger off, or sells his 'place'(orfarm),or steals a chicken, or wishes to become 'governor,' or is[gefunden]found in the 'gutter,' or does not pay for his journal, then one can depend upon it that it gets into the newspaper.
¶ 3. Ich bin ǝn altǝr bauǝr un f'rschtee net fiil, un weil iir alles tsu wissǝ scheint, doo will ich eich ǝmoól ǝn paar sachǝ frooghǝ, dii ich gærn wissǝ deet.
I am an old farmer and do not understand much, and as you seem to understand everything, I will here ask you once several things, which I would like to know.
¶ 4. Wii kummt ǝs, dass dii jung-i bauǝrǝbuuwǝ graad brillǝn un schtǝk traaghǝ missǝ, wann sii in dii 'kallitsch' [geschickt werden] kschikt wærrǝ? Ich hab als gemeent ich wollt mei˛ 'Sæm' aa in dii 'kallitsch' schikǝ, aawǝr wann dii leit graad schlechti aaghǝ kriighǝ un laam wærrǝ, dann behalt ich mei˛ 'Sæm' liiwǝr dǝheem un lærn iin selwǝr als oowǝts.
How comes it, that the young farmer-boys must immediately carry spectacles and(stöcke)sticks when they are sent to 'college'? I have hitherto thought I would send my 'Sam' to 'college,' but if people immediately get bad eyes and become lame, I will rather keep him at home and teach him myself of evenings.
¶ 5. Wii kummt ǝs, dass deel weipsleit in eirǝm iistan (Easton) soo aarm [sein wollen] sei˛ wellǝ un doch soo lang-i frackschwents uf 'm 'peefmǝnt' noochschleefǝ? [Werden] wærre[64]selli weipsleit betsaalt f'r s 'peefmǝnt' [sauber] sauwǝr tsu haltǝ, ǝdǝr wii [können] kennǝ sii 'affoordǝ' soo aa˛tsugeeǝ?
How comes it, that(theil)part (of the) women in your Easton(sein wollen)pretend to be so poor, and yet(nach-schleifen)drag alongsuch long frock(schwänze)tails on the 'pavement'? Will those women be paid for keeping the 'pavement' clean, else how can they 'afford' to proceed thus?
¶ 6. Wii kummt ǝs, dass dii jung-i buuwǝ selli meed, woo reichi daadis [Swiss dädi] hen, liiwǝr noochschpringǝ als dii aarmi? Gukt sel net als wii wann sii meer uum s geld gewwǝ [thäten] deetǝ als wii uum dii meed? Wann ich ǝn meedl wær un hätt so ǝn 'boo,' dann deet ich iin mit d'r feiǝrtsang fartschtéwǝrǝ.
How comes it, that the young men(lieber nachspringen)sooner run after those girls who have rich[the plural-sis English]fathers, than the poor ones? Looks it not just as if they would give more for the money than for the maid? If I were a girl and had such a 'beau,'(then)I would[stöbern, ö long]drive him forth with the fire-tongs.
¶ 7. Wii kummt ǝs, dass n deel jung-i leit nimmi deitsch leesǝ un schwetsǝ kennǝ, wann sii mool 'jes' un 'noo' saaghǝ kennǝ? Meim [dative for genitive] nochbǝr, dem Maardi Halsbendl sei˛ eltǝst'r [sohn] suu˛, dær so deitsch waar wii saurkraut des schun siwwǝ mool ufgwærmt iss, waar kærtslich ǝmool in d'r schtatt, un wii ær wiid'r heem kummǝ iss, do waar ær so eng-lisch, dass ær schiir gaar nimmi mit seim daadi un mammi schwetsǝ kann. Sii sin 'nau' arik im 'truwl' un sei˛ daadi meent, sii misst'n iin naus nooch Kniphaus'n schikkǝ, f'r iin wiid'r (widr) deitsch tsu machǝ.
How comes it that some young people are no longer able to read and speak German if they only know how to say 'yes' and 'no'? The eldest son of my neighbor Martin Neckband, who was as Dutch as sourcrout which has been warmed up seven times, was once recently a week in town, and when he had returned home again, there was he so English that he could scarcely speak anymore with his father and mother. They are 'now' greatly in 'trouble,' and his father thinks they must send him out to Kniphausen to make him German again.
¶ 8. Wie kummt ǝs, dass dii aarmi leit geweenlich dii meerschtǝn hund un katsǝ hen? Do bei uns wuunt n famíljǝ, dii als bettǝlǝ muss, un dii fiir groosǝ hund un siwwǝ katsǝ hǝt. Sii selwǝr saaghǝ, sii misst'n so fiil hund hawǝ f'r dii diib aptsuhaltǝ.[65]
How comes it, that poor people(gewöhnlich haben)commonly have the most dogs and cats? Here near us lives a family which must always beg, and which has four large dogs and seven cats. They themselves say, they(müszten haben)were obliged to have so many dogs to keep away the thieves.
Will widd'r Biiwǝli[66]sei˛.Will be a Boy again.¶ 1.1..ǝs reeghǝrt heit, mr kann net nausun s iss so 'loonsǝm' doo im haus;mr wees net wii mr fiilt.ich will mool duu, als wæær ich klee˛un uf d'r éwǝrscht schpeichǝr gee˛dart hab ich uftmools kschpiilt.It rains to-day, one cannot out,and t'is so 'lonesome' in the house;one knows not how one feels,I will once do as were I smalland in the highest garret go—there have I ofttimes played.¶ 2.2..ǝn biiwli bin ich widdǝr jets,wu sin mei˛krutsǝun mei˛ klets?'nau' wært n haus gebaut!ǝs schpiilt sich doch net guut alée˛—ich bin joo doch kee˛ biiwli mee!was kluppt mei, hærts so laut!An urchin am I now again,where are my corn-cobs and my blocks?'now' will a house be built!one plays indeed not well alone—I am in fact no urchin more!my heart how loud it beats!¶ 3.3.Harrich! was 'n wunnǝrbaarǝ sach!d'r reeghǝ rapplt uf 'm dachgaar nimmi wii ær hǝt!ich hab 's als kæært mit leichtǝm hærts,nau gepts m'r arik heemwee schmærts,kennt heilǝ wan ich wǝt.And hark! how wonderful it is!the rain now rattles on the roofno more as it once did!I heard it once with buoyant heart,but now it gives a home-sick smart,I coúld weep if I would.¶ 5.5.Des schpiilǝ geet net, sǝl ich fart?was iss uf selli balkǝ dart?'nau' bin ich widdǝr buu!dart hen m'r keschtǝ ausgeschtreit,tsu dærrǝ uf dii Krischdaak tseit—deet 's gleichǝ widdǝr duu!The play succeeds not, shall I forth?what is upon that timber there?'now' I'm a boy again!there did we spread the chestnuts outto have them dry for Christmas time—would 'like' to do t again!¶ 6.6..ǝn biiwli sei˛—sell iss d'r wært—dii keschtǝ 'rooschtǝ' uf d'r hært—was hǝt des als gekracht!Sell iss forbei. Ich fiil 's im gmiid,[67]es schpiilt 'n rechtǝs heemwee liid,d'r reeghǝ uf 'm dach!To be a boy—that is worth while—to 'roast' the chestnuts on the hearth—what crackling that produced!t'is gone—I feel that in my soulit plays a real home-sick tune—the rain upon the roof!¶ 7.7.Dort schteet dii 'seem' alt walnus kischt,ich wunnǝr 'nau' was dart drin isch?'s muss eppǝs 'bartich sei˛.Kallénǝr, tseitung, bichǝr—hoo!dii alti sachǝ hen sii dooall sunnǝrscht-sewǝrscht[68]nei˛.There stands the 'same' old walnut chestI wonder 'now' what may be in 't,it must be something (abartig) rare.Calendars—newspapers—books—ohthe olden objects have we hereall upside down within.¶ 8.8.'Nau' bin ich aawǝr recht ǝn buu,weil ich do widdǝr seenǝ duudes alt bekanntǝ sach.Harrich! hæærscht d'r reeghǝ! 'Jes indiid'—er schpiilt ǝn rechtǝs heemwee liiddart oowǝ uf 'm dach!But 'now' I truly am a boybecause I now again beholdthis old familiar thing.Hark! Hearst the rain! 'Yes, yes indeed,'it plays a proper home-sick airup there upon the roof!¶ 13.13.Sii henkǝ net am balkǝ meedii bindlǝ fun dem kreitǝr tee,un allǝrlee gewærts;'nau' will ich widdǝr biiwli sei˛—ich hool sii f'r dii mammi rei˛—sell 'pliist' mei, biiwli hærts.[69]They hang not on the cross-beams morethe bundles of botanic tea,and every kind of root;'now' I will be a boy againand for my mother bring them in—that 'pleased' my boyish heart.—Harbaugh.
The following factitious example, full of English words and idioms, is from a New York German newspaper, and purports to be written by a German resident in America. The spelling recalls the nameHeyfleyerover a stall in the stables of the King of Wurtemberg. The writer of the letter spells his name in three ways, instead of 'Schweineberger,' as given in the tale.
Landkäsder, Penſilvenia, North-Amerika, 32. Dezr. 52.Dheire Mudder!—Du Würſt es nit begreife kenne, alſz ich dort weck bin, hawen alle Leit geſacht, der Hannes werrd nit gud ausmache, das ich jetzt ſo gut ab binn. Awer, well, jetzt g'hör' ich zu de Tſchentel-Leit in unſre Zitti unn eeniger Männ, wo in Iurop en werri fein Männ is, dhät lachche, bikahs er gleichte ſo gut auszumache, als der John Swinebarker.Obſchon, ich unterſtehe des Büſſeneſſ beſſer as die andre Dotſchmänn, wo eweri Teim ſo ſchlecht edſchukädet bleibe, as ſe in Iurop ware; Wer hier gleicht, gud auszumache, muſz ſich zu de amerikaniſche Tſchentel-Leit halte, wo eweri Männ Something lerne kann.Du kannſt auch zu mein dheires Eliänorche ſage, das es kommen kann; ſie kann der hohl Däy im Rockel-Schär ſitze, ich ſend hir inkluded ſixtig Dollars, mit das kann ſie über Liwerpuhl und Nujork zu mich komme, und verbleibe Dein moſt zänkvoll SonJohn Swineberger.Boſchkrippt: Du muſt die Monni for des Bordo auslege; ich will ſend es Dir mit dem nächſte Letter.John Schweinebärker.
Landkäsder, Penſilvenia, North-Amerika, 32. Dezr. 52.
Dheire Mudder!—Du Würſt es nit begreife kenne, alſz ich dort weck bin, hawen alle Leit geſacht, der Hannes werrd nit gud ausmache, das ich jetzt ſo gut ab binn. Awer, well, jetzt g'hör' ich zu de Tſchentel-Leit in unſre Zitti unn eeniger Männ, wo in Iurop en werri fein Männ is, dhät lachche, bikahs er gleichte ſo gut auszumache, als der John Swinebarker.
Obſchon, ich unterſtehe des Büſſeneſſ beſſer as die andre Dotſchmänn, wo eweri Teim ſo ſchlecht edſchukädet bleibe, as ſe in Iurop ware; Wer hier gleicht, gud auszumache, muſz ſich zu de amerikaniſche Tſchentel-Leit halte, wo eweri Männ Something lerne kann.
Du kannſt auch zu mein dheires Eliänorche ſage, das es kommen kann; ſie kann der hohl Däy im Rockel-Schär ſitze, ich ſend hir inkluded ſixtig Dollars, mit das kann ſie über Liwerpuhl und Nujork zu mich komme, und verbleibe Dein moſt zänkvoll Son
John Swineberger.
Boſchkrippt: Du muſt die Monni for des Bordo auslege; ich will ſend es Dir mit dem nächſte Letter.
John Schweinebärker.
FOOTNOTES:[60]A Swiss use of the G. wüst (waste, confused, wild).[61]This 'meed' is singular and plural, but the singular is more commonly meedl, SG. maidle, G. mädchen. It differs from maad (sing. and pl. G.magd), a female servant.[62]Being emphasised, the accent is on the first syllable, while in 'ǝmool' (below § 2, ¶ 3) it is on the second.[63]Condensed and transliterated from the (German)Bucks County Express, Doylestown, Pa. July 20, 1869.[64]G.wordenbecomes 'warrǝ.' See §1, ¶14.[65]Condensed from the (German)Correspondent & Demokrat, Easton, Pa. Aug. 25, 1869.[66]The spelling of the original is 'Buwelle,' without theumlaut, which others use. The original has 'owerscht' in the fifth line, but theumlautis in use, and seems to be required, as in Bavarian.[67]G. gemüth.[68]G. dasunterstezuoberst(topsy-turvy). Compare PG. 'hinnǝrscht-feddǝrscht' (wrong end foremost).[69]Transliterated extract from a longer poem in theFather Abraham, Lancaster, Pa. Feb. 1869.
[60]A Swiss use of the G. wüst (waste, confused, wild).
[60]A Swiss use of the G. wüst (waste, confused, wild).
[61]This 'meed' is singular and plural, but the singular is more commonly meedl, SG. maidle, G. mädchen. It differs from maad (sing. and pl. G.magd), a female servant.
[61]This 'meed' is singular and plural, but the singular is more commonly meedl, SG. maidle, G. mädchen. It differs from maad (sing. and pl. G.magd), a female servant.
[62]Being emphasised, the accent is on the first syllable, while in 'ǝmool' (below § 2, ¶ 3) it is on the second.
[62]Being emphasised, the accent is on the first syllable, while in 'ǝmool' (below § 2, ¶ 3) it is on the second.
[63]Condensed and transliterated from the (German)Bucks County Express, Doylestown, Pa. July 20, 1869.
[63]Condensed and transliterated from the (German)Bucks County Express, Doylestown, Pa. July 20, 1869.
[64]G.wordenbecomes 'warrǝ.' See §1, ¶14.
[64]G.wordenbecomes 'warrǝ.' See §1, ¶14.
[65]Condensed from the (German)Correspondent & Demokrat, Easton, Pa. Aug. 25, 1869.
[65]Condensed from the (German)Correspondent & Demokrat, Easton, Pa. Aug. 25, 1869.
[66]The spelling of the original is 'Buwelle,' without theumlaut, which others use. The original has 'owerscht' in the fifth line, but theumlautis in use, and seems to be required, as in Bavarian.
[66]The spelling of the original is 'Buwelle,' without theumlaut, which others use. The original has 'owerscht' in the fifth line, but theumlautis in use, and seems to be required, as in Bavarian.
[67]G. gemüth.
[67]G. gemüth.
[68]G. dasunterstezuoberst(topsy-turvy). Compare PG. 'hinnǝrscht-feddǝrscht' (wrong end foremost).
[68]G. dasunterstezuoberst(topsy-turvy). Compare PG. 'hinnǝrscht-feddǝrscht' (wrong end foremost).
[69]Transliterated extract from a longer poem in theFather Abraham, Lancaster, Pa. Feb. 1869.
[69]Transliterated extract from a longer poem in theFather Abraham, Lancaster, Pa. Feb. 1869.
If the Germans of Pennsylvania adopted many words from English, the English speaking population applied the appellation ofGermanorDutchto unfamiliar varieties of objects, such as aDutch cheese, aGerman lock; or they adopted the original names, as in calling a form of curdssmearcase(G. schmierkäse) in the markets and prices current. German forms of food have furnished the vicinal English withsourcrout,mush,shtreisslers,bretsels,fawstnachts,[70]tseegercase,knep(G. Knöpfe, thekusually pronounced),bower-knep,noodles; and in some of the interior markets, endive must be asked for under the name of 'æntiifi,' even when speaking English. Dutch givescrullers, butstoop(of a house) is hardly known. In English conversation one may hear expressions like "He belongs to thefreindschaft" (he is a kinsman or relation); "It makes megreisslichto see an animal killed" (makes me shudder and revolt with disgust—turns my stomach). A strong word without an English equivalent.
The German idiom of usingeinmal(once) as an expletive, is common, as in "Bring me a chair once," and when a person whose vernacular is English says, "I am through another" (I am confused), he is using a translation of the Germandurch einander, PG. 'dárich ǝnánnǝr.' Of such introduced words, the following deserve mention.
Metsel-soup, originally pudding broth, the butcher's perquisite, but subsequently applied to a gratuity from the animals he has slaughtered.
Metsel-soup, originally pudding broth, the butcher's perquisite, but subsequently applied to a gratuity from the animals he has slaughtered.
Shinner, G. schinder (a knacker,[71]) an objurgatory epithet applied by butchers to farmers who compete with them in the market.Speck, the flitch of salt bacon, particularly when boiled with sourcrout, hence, 'speck and sourcrout.'Tsitterly, calf's-foot jelly.Hartley, a hurdle for drying fruit.Snits, asnit(G. schnitz, a cut), a longitudinal section of fruit, particularly apples, and when dried for the kitchen. The term is in use in districts where German is unknown.[72]Hootsle, PG. hutsl, G. hotzel, a dried fruit; Bavar. and Suab. hutzel, a dried pear. In Pennsylvania, a peach dried without removing the stone.Dumb(G. dumm) is much used forstupid.Fockle(G. fackel), a fisherman's torch.Mother(PG. from G. mutter-weh, not parturition, but) a hysterical rising in the throat. The word occurs in old and provincial English.[73]Chipmunk, a ground-squirrel (Tamias);chipprobably from its cry, and Swissmunk, a marmot.Spook(G. Spuk), a spectre; and the verb, as—"It spooks there," "The grave-yard spooks."Crĭstkintly(PG. Krischtkintli, G. Chrĭst Kindlein), the Christ Child who is supposed to load the chrĭstmas trees and bring presents at Christmas. Perverted in the Philadelphia newspapers toKriss Kringle,Kriss Kingle, andKriss Kinkle.Christmas-tree, a well-known word for a well-known and much used object, but absent from the American dictionaries.Bellsnickle, PG. beltsnikkl (G.Pelza pelt, skin with hair, as a bear-skin, here used as a disguise, and perhaps associated withpeltzen, to pelt,) andNickel,Nix, in the sense of a demon. (Suab. Pelzmärte, as if based onMartin). A masked and hideously disguised person, who goes from house to house on christmas eve, beating (or pretending to beat) the children and servants, and throwing down nuts and cakes before leaving. A noisy party accompanies him, often with abell, which has influenced the English name.
Shinner, G. schinder (a knacker,[71]) an objurgatory epithet applied by butchers to farmers who compete with them in the market.
Speck, the flitch of salt bacon, particularly when boiled with sourcrout, hence, 'speck and sourcrout.'
Tsitterly, calf's-foot jelly.
Hartley, a hurdle for drying fruit.
Snits, asnit(G. schnitz, a cut), a longitudinal section of fruit, particularly apples, and when dried for the kitchen. The term is in use in districts where German is unknown.[72]
Hootsle, PG. hutsl, G. hotzel, a dried fruit; Bavar. and Suab. hutzel, a dried pear. In Pennsylvania, a peach dried without removing the stone.
Dumb(G. dumm) is much used forstupid.
Fockle(G. fackel), a fisherman's torch.
Mother(PG. from G. mutter-weh, not parturition, but) a hysterical rising in the throat. The word occurs in old and provincial English.[73]
Chipmunk, a ground-squirrel (Tamias);chipprobably from its cry, and Swissmunk, a marmot.
Spook(G. Spuk), a spectre; and the verb, as—"It spooks there," "The grave-yard spooks."
Crĭstkintly(PG. Krischtkintli, G. Chrĭst Kindlein), the Christ Child who is supposed to load the chrĭstmas trees and bring presents at Christmas. Perverted in the Philadelphia newspapers toKriss Kringle,Kriss Kingle, andKriss Kinkle.
Christmas-tree, a well-known word for a well-known and much used object, but absent from the American dictionaries.
Bellsnickle, PG. beltsnikkl (G.Pelza pelt, skin with hair, as a bear-skin, here used as a disguise, and perhaps associated withpeltzen, to pelt,) andNickel,Nix, in the sense of a demon. (Suab. Pelzmärte, as if based onMartin). A masked and hideously disguised person, who goes from house to house on christmas eve, beating (or pretending to beat) the children and servants, and throwing down nuts and cakes before leaving. A noisy party accompanies him, often with abell, which has influenced the English name.
These, I suppose, were Christmas mummers, though I heard them called "Bell-schnickel."—Atlantic Monthly, October, 1869, p. 484.Gounsh, n. and v.i. Asto seesawimplies reciprocal motion, soto gounshis to move up and down, as upon the free end of an elastic board. PG. 'Kumm, mr wellǝ gaunschǝ.' (Come, let us gounsh.) Suab. gautschen; Eng. tojounce.[74]Hoopsisaw(PG. húppsisaa, also provincial German). A rustic or low dance, and a lively tune adapted to it. Inferior lively music is sometimes called 'hoopsisaw music,' 'a hoopsisaw tune.'[75]Hoove, v.i. a command to a horse to back, and used by extension as in "The men hooved (demurred) when required to do more work." Used in both senses in the Swisshüfen, imperativehüf!and Schmeller (Bayr. Wörterb.2, 160) gives it as Bavarian.Hussling-, orHustling-match, PG. hossl-mætsch (with Englishmatch), a raffle. From the root ofhustle, the game being conducted by shaking coins in a hat and counting the resulting heads.Sock up, "to make a man sock up," pay a debt, produce hissackor pouch. This is uncertain, because, were a PG. expression to occur like "Du muscht ufsakkǝ" (you must sock up), it might be borrowed from English.Boof, peach brandy. In Westerwaldish,buffis water-cider,—cider made by wetting the pomace and pressing it a second time.Sots, n. sing. G. satz, home-made 'yeast' as distinguished from 'brewer's-yeast.'Sandman, "The sandman is coming,"—said when children get sleepy about bedtime and indicate it by rubbing the eyes. Used thus in Westerwald and Suabia.[76]Children are warned against touching dirt by the exclamation (bæætschi).Snoot, for snout, a widespread teutonic form.
These, I suppose, were Christmas mummers, though I heard them called "Bell-schnickel."—Atlantic Monthly, October, 1869, p. 484.
Gounsh, n. and v.i. Asto seesawimplies reciprocal motion, soto gounshis to move up and down, as upon the free end of an elastic board. PG. 'Kumm, mr wellǝ gaunschǝ.' (Come, let us gounsh.) Suab. gautschen; Eng. tojounce.[74]
Hoopsisaw(PG. húppsisaa, also provincial German). A rustic or low dance, and a lively tune adapted to it. Inferior lively music is sometimes called 'hoopsisaw music,' 'a hoopsisaw tune.'[75]
Hoove, v.i. a command to a horse to back, and used by extension as in "The men hooved (demurred) when required to do more work." Used in both senses in the Swisshüfen, imperativehüf!and Schmeller (Bayr. Wörterb.2, 160) gives it as Bavarian.
Hussling-, orHustling-match, PG. hossl-mætsch (with Englishmatch), a raffle. From the root ofhustle, the game being conducted by shaking coins in a hat and counting the resulting heads.
Sock up, "to make a man sock up," pay a debt, produce hissackor pouch. This is uncertain, because, were a PG. expression to occur like "Du muscht ufsakkǝ" (you must sock up), it might be borrowed from English.
Boof, peach brandy. In Westerwaldish,buffis water-cider,—cider made by wetting the pomace and pressing it a second time.
Sots, n. sing. G. satz, home-made 'yeast' as distinguished from 'brewer's-yeast.'
Sandman, "The sandman is coming,"—said when children get sleepy about bedtime and indicate it by rubbing the eyes. Used thus in Westerwald and Suabia.[76]Children are warned against touching dirt by the exclamation (bæætschi).
Snoot, for snout, a widespread teutonic form.
With several concurrent languages, the deterioration of names is an obvious process. Among the mixed population of Baltimore, the name 'Bradley' is to a FrenchmanBras-de-long; for 'Strawberry' (alley) and 'Havre-de-grâce' (in Maryland) the Germans sayStrubbel, andHasel-im-gras; and the Irish make the following changes—
Carron (French)ScarronSchöffelerScofieldCoquerelleCorcoranvan DendriesscheDriscolde VriesFreezervan EmstedeHampstedGiessenGleasonWinsiersskiWinchesterGrimmGrimesFayette StreetFaith St.HenningHannonAlice Ann St.Alexander St.RosierRosetreeHappy AlleyApple Alley
A German with a name which could not be appreciated, was calledJohn Waterhousebecause he attended a railroad tank—a name which he adopted and placed upon his sign when he subsequently opened a small shop. A German family became ostensibly Irish by preferring the sonant phase of their initial—calling and writing themselvesGradyinstead of Krady; a name 'Leuter' becameLander; 'Amweg' was tried a while asAmwakeand then resumed; and in a family record, the name 'George' is given asSchorts. A postoffice 'Chickis' (Chikiswalungo—place where crayfish burrow) received a letter directed toSchickgets, anotherSchickens Laenghaester Caunte, and 'Berks County' has been spelledBurgix Caunte.[77]
The following German and Anglicised forms may be compared,—
AlbrechtAlbrightLeitnerLightnerBachmanBaughmanLeybachLiboughBeckerFreeaufMayerMoyerDockDuckMeyerMireEberhardtEverhartMosserMusserEberleEverlyMossemanMusselmanEckelEagleNeumeyerNarmireEge[78]Hagy?NollNullEwaldEvaltNüssliNicely,NisslyFehrFairOberholtzerOverholserFrey (free)FryPfautzFouts,PoutsFrüaufFreeaufPfeifferPyferFusz (foot)FooseReif (ripe)RifeGeisz (goat)GiseReisingerRiesingerGerberGarberRiehmReamGiebelGibbRoth (red)Roath,RoteGräffGraff,-o,-aeRuthRootGuthGood,GootSchellenbergerShallyberger[80]HaldemanHolderman[79]SchenkShankHerbergerHarbergerScheuermanShiremanHinkelHinkleSchnebeleSnavelyHofmanHoofmanSchneiderSnyder,SniderHuberHooverSeipSype,SipeKaufmanCoffmanSeipelSeiple,SibleKaufrothCuffrootSeitzSidesKehlerKaylorSenzSenseKochenauerGoughnourSpraulSprowlKoickCowhawkStambachStamboughKrauskopfKrosskopStreinStrineKreiderCriderValentinFeltyKreybilGraypeelWeltzhuBerBeltzhooVer[81]KühnleinCoonly,-leyWetterFetterKutzKuttsWĭldWilt
So 'Schleyermacher' passed throSlaremakertoSlaymaker; and by a similar process, farther changes may take place, like Mutsch toMuch, Bertsch toBirch, Brein toBrine, Schutt toShootorShut, Rüppel toRipple, Knade (gnadegrace) toNoddy, Buch toBook, Stahr toStar, Fing-er toFin-ger, Melling-er toMellin-jer, Stilling-er[82]toStillin-jer, Cōver toCŏver, Fuhrman toForeman, Rohring[83]toRoaring, Gehman toGayman.
Names are sometimes translated, as inStoneroadfor 'Steinweg,'Carpenterfor both 'Schreiner' and 'Zimmermann,' and bothShortandLittlefor 'Kurz' or 'Curtius.'
Part of a name may be anglicised, as in Finkbine, Espenshade, Trautwine—where the first syllable has the German sound. Fentzmakeris probably a condensation of Fenstermacher.
It is remarkable that speakers of German often use English forms of baptismal names, asMaryfor Marîa,HenryforHeinrich, andJohn(tschan, shorter than the medial English sound) for Johannes.[84]
Of curious family names without regard to language, the following may be recorded—premising that proper names are especially subject to be made spurious by the accidents of typography.[85]
Ahl, Awl, Ammon, Annĕ, Barndollar, Baud, Bezoar, Bigging, Blades, Bohrer, Boring, Book, Bracken, Bricker (bridger), Buckwalter, Burkholder and Burchhalter (burg-holder), Byler, Candle, Candour, Care, Case, Channell, Chronister, Condit, Cooher, Cumberbus (Smith's Voyage to Guinea, 1744), Curgus or Circus, Dehoof, Dialogue, Ditto, Dosh, Eave, Eldridge (in part for Hildreth), Erb, Eyde, Eyesore (at Lancaster, Pa.), Fassnacht (G. fastnachtshrovetide), Feather, Ferry (for the Walloon name Ferree[86]); Friday, Fornaux, Furnace, Gans (goose, Gansert, Gensemer, Grossgensly), Gift (poison), Ginder, Gruel, Gutmann (good-man) Hag (hedge), Harmany, Hecter, Hepting, Herd, Heard, Hergelrat (rathcounsel), Hinderer, Hock, Holzhauer and Holzhower (woodchopper), Honnafusz (G. hahna cock), Kash, Kitch, Koffer, Landtart, Lawer, Leis, Letz, Licht, Line, Lipp, Lœb (lion), Lœwr (at St. Louis), Mackrel, Manusmith, Matt, Marrs, Mehl, Mortersteel, Mowrer (G. maura wall), Napp, Neeper (Niebuhr?), Nohaker, Nophsker, Ochs, Over, Oxworth, Peelman, Penas (in Ohio), Pfund, Popp, Poutch, Quirk, Rathvon (Rodfong, Rautfaung), Road, Rottenstein (in Texas), Rutt, Sangmeister, Scheuerbrand, Schlegelmilch, Schlong (snake), Schœttel, Segar, Seldomridge, Senn, Service (in Indiana), Shaver, Shilling, Shinover, Shock, Shot, Showers, Skats (in Connecticut), Smout, Spoon, Springer, Steer (in Texas), Stern, Stetler, Stormfeltz, Strayer, Stretch, Stridle, Sumption, Surgeon, Swoop (a Suabian), Test, Tise, Tice (Theiss?), Tittles, Towstenberier, Tyzat (at St. Louis), Umble, Venus, Venerich,-rik, Vestal (in Texas), Vinegar('s Ferry, on the Susquehanna), Vogelsang, Wallower, Waltz, Wolfspanier, Wonder, Woolrick (for Wulfrich?), Work, Worst, Yaffe, Yecker, Yeisley, Yordea, Zeh, Zugschwerdt.
Ahl, Awl, Ammon, Annĕ, Barndollar, Baud, Bezoar, Bigging, Blades, Bohrer, Boring, Book, Bracken, Bricker (bridger), Buckwalter, Burkholder and Burchhalter (burg-holder), Byler, Candle, Candour, Care, Case, Channell, Chronister, Condit, Cooher, Cumberbus (Smith's Voyage to Guinea, 1744), Curgus or Circus, Dehoof, Dialogue, Ditto, Dosh, Eave, Eldridge (in part for Hildreth), Erb, Eyde, Eyesore (at Lancaster, Pa.), Fassnacht (G. fastnachtshrovetide), Feather, Ferry (for the Walloon name Ferree[86]); Friday, Fornaux, Furnace, Gans (goose, Gansert, Gensemer, Grossgensly), Gift (poison), Ginder, Gruel, Gutmann (good-man) Hag (hedge), Harmany, Hecter, Hepting, Herd, Heard, Hergelrat (rathcounsel), Hinderer, Hock, Holzhauer and Holzhower (woodchopper), Honnafusz (G. hahna cock), Kash, Kitch, Koffer, Landtart, Lawer, Leis, Letz, Licht, Line, Lipp, Lœb (lion), Lœwr (at St. Louis), Mackrel, Manusmith, Matt, Marrs, Mehl, Mortersteel, Mowrer (G. maura wall), Napp, Neeper (Niebuhr?), Nohaker, Nophsker, Ochs, Over, Oxworth, Peelman, Penas (in Ohio), Pfund, Popp, Poutch, Quirk, Rathvon (Rodfong, Rautfaung), Road, Rottenstein (in Texas), Rutt, Sangmeister, Scheuerbrand, Schlegelmilch, Schlong (snake), Schœttel, Segar, Seldomridge, Senn, Service (in Indiana), Shaver, Shilling, Shinover, Shock, Shot, Showers, Skats (in Connecticut), Smout, Spoon, Springer, Steer (in Texas), Stern, Stetler, Stormfeltz, Strayer, Stretch, Stridle, Sumption, Surgeon, Swoop (a Suabian), Test, Tise, Tice (Theiss?), Tittles, Towstenberier, Tyzat (at St. Louis), Umble, Venus, Venerich,-rik, Vestal (in Texas), Vinegar('s Ferry, on the Susquehanna), Vogelsang, Wallower, Waltz, Wolfspanier, Wonder, Woolrick (for Wulfrich?), Work, Worst, Yaffe, Yecker, Yeisley, Yordea, Zeh, Zugschwerdt.
Among the following curious, incompatible, or hĭbrid[87]names, titles (except that of 'General') have been mistaken for proper names—Horatio Himmereich, Owen Reich, Caspar Reed, Dennis Loucks, Baltzer Stone, Addison Shelp, Paris Rudisill, Adam Schuh, Erasmus Buckenmeyer, Peter Pence, General Wellington H. Ent, General Don Carlos Buel, Don Alonzo Cushman, Sir Frank Howard, Always Wise (probably for Alŏîs Weiss). In November, 1867, Gilbert Monsieur Marquis de Lafayette Sproul, asked the legislature of Tennessee to cut off all his names but the last two.