Sacrilege, gravest of all crimes, iv.363.
St.-Hilaire, Barthélemy, onSankhyaand Buddhism, i.378n.;metempsychosis, ii.426n.;fallacies, i.133n.
Salamis, iii.406.
Same, form of, iii.209,231, iv.226.
Sankhya, i.378n., ii.389n.,426n.
Salvador, Jacob, iii.300n.
Scepticism, of Xenophanes, i.18;Plato,342;Greek sceptics, iii.293n.
Schleiermacher, on Plato’s view of knowledge and opinion, iii.167n.;theory of Platonic canon, i.303;includes a preconceived scheme, and an order of interdependence,318;proofs slender,317,325n.;assumptions as toPhædrusinadmissible,319,329n.;reasons internal,319,337, iv.431;himself shows the unsafe grounds of modern critics, i.336;Ueberweg attempts to reconcile Hermann with,313;theory adopted by Trendelenburg,345n.;on relation ofEuthyphrontoProtagorasandParmenidês,443n.;Menon, ii.247n.;Parmenidês, iii.85n.;Sophistês,244n., i.127;Kratylus, iii.303n.,304n.;307n.,310n.,321,321n.;Philêbus,334n.,365n.,369n.,398n.;Euthydêmus, i.127;Menexenus, iii.408;Kleitophon,426n.;Republic, iv.38n.;Leges,430.
Schneider, on Xenophon’sSymposion, iv.313n.
School, σχολή, i.121n.,127n.;Plato’s establishment of, a new epoch in philosophy,266;of Plato fixed at Athens,254;and transmitted to successors,265;its importance for his manuscripts,266,267;decorations of the Academy and Lykeum,209;Peripatetic at Lykeum,ib.;of Isokrates, iii.35;Eretrian, i.121,148;Megaric,121.
Schöne, on the dates of Plato’s compositions, i.326n.
Schwegler, onParmenidês, iii.86n.;Homo Mensura,151n.
Science, derivation of ἐπιστήμη, iii.301n.;scientia,302n.;logic of a, Plato’s different from Aristotelic and modern view, i.358n.;science of good and evil distinct from others, ii.161,168;relation to art, iii.43n.,46,263;antithesis of emotion and,61,195,197n.;dialectic the standard for classifying, as more or less true,382;dialectic the consummation of, iv.75;relation to kosmical soul,227;seeKnowledge.
Self-knowledge, temperance is, ii.155;what is the object known in,156;inCharmidêsdeclared impossible, elsewhere essential and inestimable,167.
Selli, asceticism of, i.163n.
Seneca, on the Good, iii.372n.;filial ingratitude, iv.400n.;Diogenes of Sinôpê, i.156n.
Sensation, Empedokles’ theory, i.44;Theophrastus,46n.;theory of Anaxagoras, opposed to Empedokles’,58;Diogenes of Apollonia,62;Demokritus,71,76,77,80;the mind rises from sensation to opinion, then cognition, iii.164;distinct from opinion,167;verification from experience, not recognised as necessary or possible,168.
Sense, derivation of αἴσθησις, iii.308n.;doctrine of Empedokles, i.44;illusions of, belief of Anaxagoras,59n.;defects of, belief of Demokritus,68n.,71;Zeno’s arguments,93;Plato’s conception of, iii.164n.;worlds of intellect and, distinct, i.403;organs of, iv.236;principal advantages of sight and hearing,238;hearing, i.46,62,78;ethical and emotional effects conveyed by, iv.307n.;smell, i.46;pleasures of, true, iii.356;Homo Mensura,122;relativity of sensible facts,126,154,298;its verifications recognised by Plato as the main guarantee for accuracy,155n.,240;fundamental distinction ofensandfientia, iv.219;relation to kosmical soul,227;seeParticulars,Phenomena,Sensation.
Serranus, on Platonic canon, i.302.
Sextus Empiricus, doctrine, iii.292n.;no definition of a general word, i.168n.;on poets, iv.24n.
Shaftesbury, Lord, iv.105n.
Simonides, interpretation of a song of, ii.283;definition of justice, iv.2,7.
Slavery, iv.309,342,400;Aristotle differs,344n.;evidence of slaves.410n.
Sleeman, Sir Wm., grounds of belief among Hindoos, iii.150n.
Sleep, doctrine of Herakleitus, i.34;Plato, iv.237.
Smith, Adam,Moral Sentiments, iii.333.
Socher, theory of Platonic canon, i.306;Parmenidês,338n., iii.88n.,185n.;Politikus,ib.,196n.,265n.;Sophistês,185n.,196n.,243n.,244;Philêbus,369n.;Kritias, iv.266n.
Societies, Benefit, iv.399.
Society, ethics and politics, topic of Sokrates, i.376;genesis of, common want, ii.343, iii.327, iv.21,111,112n.,133;social art conferred by Zeus, ii.268;dissent a necessary condition of its progressiveness,367n.;frequent destruction of communities, iv.307;historical retrospect of,307-314;seeState.
Sokrates, life, character, and surroundings, i.410n.;character unparalleled in history,vi;personal appearance and peculiar character, iii.19;patience,24n.;courage and equanimity,21n.;compared to Antoninus Pius, ii.382n.;proof against temptation, iii.20,22,23, iv.287,288;sensibility to youthful beauty, ii.22n.;as representative ofEros Philosophus, iii.15,25;income, i.192n.;procedure of, repugnant to Athenian public,387,412,441, iv.127;aggravated by his extreme publicity of speech, i.393;feels his own isolation as a dissenter, ii.365;accused of corrupting the youths, i.391n.,183n.;Plato’s reply, magical influence ascribed to his conversation, ii.23, iii.19,21n.,24n.,113n.,388n., iv.412n., i.110;influence he claims, enlarged by Plato and Xenophon,418;disobedience of the laws,434n.;imprisonment,425;indictment, against,412,418n.,437, iv.230, i.113;grounds for his indictment, iv.162n.,211,381,385;reply to Melêtus, Plato and Xenophon compared, i.456, ii.421n.;opposition of feeling between, and the Dikasts, i.375;trial and death might have been avoided without dishonour,426n.;equanimity before death, ii.417,418;answer to Kriton’s appeal to fly, i.426;last words and death, ii.377,418;general features of character inApologyconfirmed, i.419n.;character and disposition, differently set forth inKriton,428,431-2;ofApologyandPhædoncontrasted, ii.421;the real compared with character inRepublic, iv.211;Plato’s early relations with, i.248;of Xenophon and Plato compared, ii.37, i.178,199;Xenophon’s relations with,206-10;uniform description of, in dialogues ofviri Sokratici,115;brought down philosophy from heaven,x;revolutionised method,ib.;progenitor of philosophy of 4th centuryB.C.,111n.;theory of natural state of human mind,373,414;false persuasion of knowledge, an ethical defect, iii.177;omnipotence of King Nomos, i.378-84;differs from others by consciousness of ignorance,413,416;Delphian oracle, on his wisdom,413;combatedcommonplace,398n.;in reference to social, political, ethical, topics,376;mission,x,374,395, ii.146,419, iii.219,422, iv.219,381;declared inAlkibiadês I.andApology, ii.24;imposed on him by the gods, i.415;hisdæmon,437, ii.104, i.115;his experience of it, ii.102;explains his eccentricity,105;a special revelation,110,130-1;variously alluded to,106-11;determined to persevere in mission, i.416;not a teacher,417, ii.140,146,162,165,184,232,237,242;only stimulates, i.449, iii.415,421-24, iv.52n.;his excuse, ii.106;knows of no teacher, i.417, ii.225;a positive teacher, employing indirect methods, modern assumption, i.419;incorrect, for his Elenchus does not furnish a solution,420;his positive solutions illusory, ii.26;obstetric, i.367, ii.251, iii.112,176;the Sokratic dialogue, i.x,xi;usefulness of, ii.186,207;effect like shock of torpedo,237;diversified conversations, i.182;humbles presumptuous youths, ii.21;manner well illustrated inLysis,177;asserts right of satisfaction for his own individual reason, i.386,423,436, ii.379;onHomo Mensura, i.432, iii.162n.;his Eristic character, ii.203;the greatest Eristic of his age, i.124;followed by Plato and Megarics,ib.,126;resemblance to Sophists, ii.280, iii.198n.,216, iv.165,412n.;Menongives points in common between Sophists and, ii.257;the “sophistic art” peculiar to him, iii.218;negative vein, i.viii,x,370,372,373n.,375,387;affirmative and negative veins distinct,420;charge against him of negative method, by his contemporaries,371,388;first applied negative analysis to the common consciousness,389n.;to social, political,ethical topics,376,385;value and importance of Elenchus,421;seeNegative;introduced search for definitions, ii.48;authority of public judgment nothing — of Expert, everything, i.426,435;does not name, but himself acts as, Expert,ib.;early study, ii.391;stages of intellectual development,ib.;turned on different views as to a true cause,398;accused of substituting physical for mental causes,401;does not distinguish different meanings of same term,279;not always consistent,29,303;sophistry inHippias Minor,62;avoided physics, i.376;the Reason of the kosmos, ii.402n.;distinguished objective and subjective views of Ethics, i.451;proper study of mankind,122;order of ethical problems as conceived by, ii.299;not observed by Xenophon, i.230;and Plato dwell too exclusively on intellectual conditions of human conduct, ii.67;fruits of virtue, i.415;Utilitarianism, ii.310n., i.185n.;belief in the deity,413,414;disbelieves discord among gods,440;principle of making oneself like the gods,ib.;on the holy, difference in Plato and Xenophon,454;on prayer and sacrifice, ii.17,418-9, iv.394;much influenced by prophecies, dreams, &c., ii.418n.,420, iii.351, iv.395, i.225n.;on death,422,429n.;and Plato, difference on subject of beauty, ii.54;companions of, i.111;their proceedings after his death,116;no Sokratic school,117;Antisthenes constant friend of,152;manner copied by Antisthenes,150,159n.;precepts fullest carried out by Diogenes and Krates,160,174;and Parmenides, blended by Eukleides,118;discourse with Aristippus,175;the choice of Heraklês,177;the Good and Beautiful,184.
Soldiers, class of, characteristics, iv.23;division of guardians into rulers and,29;Plato’s training compared with modern,148;modern development of military profession,180.
Solon, on despotism, i.219n.;unfinished poem of, subject ofKritias, iv.266.
Σοφία and φρόνησις of Aristotle, ii.120n.;identical with σωφροσύνη, ii.280.
Sophisms, a collection of, necessary for a logical theory, i.131;discussion of popular at philosophers’ banquets,134n.;of Eubulides,128,133;Theophrastus on,134n.;Diodôrus Kronus,141,143;real character of,135;of Stoics,128n.,138;seeFallacy.
Sophist, meaning of σοφιστής, i.256n.,391n., ii.261, iii.27n.;compared to an angler,191;Plato’s definition,191-4,196n.;a juggler,198;imitator of the wise man,216;Plato’s ironical admiration, ii.208,283;no real class,210,341n., iii.249n., iv.136n., i.178;Theopompus on profession of,212n.;usually depicted from opponents’ misrepresentations,308n., ii.210;accused of generating scepticism and uncertainty,64n.;negative dialectic attributed by historians to, i.371;did not first apply negative analysis to the common consciousness,389n.;negative dialectic not peculiar to,387;the charge brought by contemporaries against Sokrates,388;dialectic contrasted with Sokrates’, ii.197;Sokrates the greatest Eristic of his age, i.124;Sokrates a, ii.183n.,185n.,188,199, iv.165,412n.;Menongives point in common between Sokrates and, ii.257;inEuthydêmus,196;not represented by Kallikles,339;lives in region ofnon-ens, iii.208;devoted to the production of falsehood,215;is ἐναντιοποιολογικὸς and εἴρων,216;those the characteristics of Sokrates,ib.;the “sophistic art” peculiar to Sokrates,218;their alleged claim to universal knowledge — common to all philosophers then,219;etymologies inKratylusnot caricatures of,302,310n.,314n.,317n.,321,323;no proof of their etymologising,304;as teachers, ii.261;motives of pupils,ib.n.,264n.;as corruptors of public mind,288n.;jealousy of parents towards influential teachers,265n.;probably often used illustrative mythes,267n.;money-making,210,ib.n., iii.27n., i.212n.;not distinguishable from dialectician, ii.210,211n.;raised question of criterion of truth,246;logical distinctions,236n.;did not invent fallacies,217, i.133n.;abuse of fallacies, biddings for popularity, ii.199;did not deny natural justice,341n.;not the perverters of philosophy, iv.55;conform to prevalent orthodoxy,56;relation to poets,150;Demochares’ law against, i.111n.;Aristippus taught as a,193.