Dianoia, Nous and, two grades of intelligence, iv.66.
Dikæarchus, ii.425n.
Dikasts, opposition of feeling between Sokrates and, i.375;influence of dikastery on growth of Dialectic,385.
Diodorus Kronus, doctrine of Power, i.140;defended by Hobbes,143;hypothetical propositions,145;time, difficulties ofNow,ib.;motion,146;Aristotle nearly coincides with,ib.;and Hobbes,ib.;his death,147.
Diogenes of Apollonia, life and doctrines, i.60;air his primordial element,61;many properties of,ib.;physiology,60n.,62;cosmology and meteorology,64;often followed Herakleitus,ib.n.;anticipated modern doctrine of aerolithes,ib.;Agreement with Anaxagoras,65;fundamental tenet, agreement with Aristotle and Demokritus,69n.;theory of vision, iv.237n.
Diogenes of Sinôpê, i.152;works,155;doctrines,154;Sokrates’ precepts fullest carried out by,160;asceticism,157;compared with Indian Gymnosophists and Selli,ib.,160n.,163n.;with Aristippus,190;Communism of wives,189n.;opposed Platonic ideas,163;the first protest of Nominalism against Realism,164.
Diogenes Laertius, i.291n.,294.
Dion Chrysostom, i.112n.
Dionysius, the elder, Aristippus’ intercourse with, i.193;visited by Plato,351;the younger, visited by Plato,258,355;expedition of Dion against,259.
Dionysius Hal., onApology, i.411n.;rhetorical powers of Plato and Demosthenes, iii.407n.;rivalry of Plato and Lysias,411n.;contrasts Plato’s with Σωκρατικοὶ διάλογοι, i.110n.;Plato’s jealousy and love of supremacy,117n.
Diotima, iii.8n.,9.
Disease, general survey of, iv.249;preservative and healing agencies,250.
DittrichonKratylus, iii.303n.
Diversum, iv.226;form of, pervades all others, iii.209,232;Aristotle on,238n.
Division, logical, ii.27;and definition, the two processes of dialectic, iii.29,39;dialogues of search illustrate process,29,177,188;novelty and value of this, ii.235, iii.190;by dichotomy,254;importance of founding on sensible resemblances,255;sub-classes often overlooked,341;well illustrated inPhilêbus,344;but feebly applied,369;Plato enlarges Pythagorean doctrine,368.
Divorce, iv.406.
Dodona, oracle to be consulted, iv.325;Xenophon, i.237.
Doingandmaking, ii.155;use of εὖ ζῆν and εὖ πράττειν inCharmidês,216n.
Drama, influence on growth of Dialectic, i.385;mixed pleasure and pain excited by, iii.355n.;Plato’s aversion to Athenian, iv.316,350;peculiar to himself,317;Aristotle differs,ib.n.;seePoetry.
Dreams, doctrine of Demokritus, caused by images from objects, i.81;Plato’s theory of, iv.237;as affecting doctrineHomo mensura, iii.130;belief of rhetor Aristeides in,146n.
Drunkenness, Sokrates proof against, iii.21,23, iv.287;is test of self-control, iii.21n., iv.289,298;forbidden at Sparta, how far justifiable,286;chorus of elders require,297;unbecoming the guardians,298n.
Eberhard, ii.300n.
Eclipse, foretold by Thales, i.4n.;Anaximander’s doctrine,6n.;Pythagoras’,14n.;Herakleitus’,32.
Education, who is to judge what constitutes, ii.142;combined with polity by Plato, Xenophon, Aristotle, iv.142,185,337;on principle that every citizen belongs to the city,186;precautions in electing Minister of,338;of men compared by Sokrates with training of inferior animals, iii.62n.;bad, of kings’ sons, iv.312;training of boys and girls,348;by music and gymnastic,23;musical training excites love of the beautiful,27;importance of music,305;views of Xenophon, Polybius, Aristotle,ib.;music, Platonic sense,149;by fictions as well as by truth,24;actual place of poetry in Greek, compared with Plato’s ideal,149-153;type for narratives about men,26;songs, music, and dancing to be regulated,25,289,291,349;to keep emotions in a proper state,169;prizes at festivals,292,337;but object of training, war, not prizes,358;only grave music allowed,26,168;music and gymnastic necessary to correct each other,29;gymnastic imparts courage,ib.;training to ascend to the idea of good,61;purpose,69;studies introductory to philosophy,70-74,206;difference inLeges,275n.;arithmetic,423;awakening power,70;stimulus from contradiction of one and many,72;geometry,423;conducts mind towards universal ens,72;value of arithmetic and geometry,352;by concrete method,353n.;particulars to be brought under the general forms,423;astronomy,422;object of teaching,354;by ideal figures, not observation,72;acoustics, by applying arithmetical relations and theories,74;of Nocturnal Counsellors,420,424;exercises in dialectic,76;Plato’s remarks on effect of,207;age for studies,76,350;philosophy should not be taught at a very early age,60,76;Republiccontradicts other dialogues,207-211;same training for men and women,77;maintained inLeges, and harmonises with ancient legends,195;contrast with Aristotle,194;public training at Sparta and Krete,279;Plato’s scheme fails from no training for Demos,186;Xenophon’s scheme, i.226-31;geometry and physics, Aristippus’ contempt for,186,192.
Egger, i.376n.
Ego, and Mecum or non-ego, antithesis of, iii.132n.,144n.
Egyptians, iv.330n.,352,353n.,415n.;priests, historical knowledge of,266,268;causes,271;Plato’s reverence for regulations of,267n.
Εἰρωνεία, characteristic of Sokrates and Sophists, iii.217n.
Eleaticphilosophy, i.16-26,93-103;Leukippus,65;relation to atomic theory,ib.;theory of vision, iv.237n.;compared with Hindoo philosophers, i.160n.
Eleians, iii.24n.
Elements, the four, not primitive, iv.238;varieties of each,242;forms of the,238;geometrical theory of,240;Aristotle on,241n.;a fifth added,ib.n.,421.
Emotions, appealed to in theKriton, i.433;Bain on the Tender, ii.188n.;a degenerate appendage of human nature,126, iii.389;implication of intelligence and,374;antithesis of science and,61,195,196n.;the tender and aesthetic, no place for, in tripartite division of soul, iv.149n.;poet’s appeal to, disturbs the rational government of the mind,92,152,349;restrictions on music and poetry, to keep emotions in a proper state,169,347;similitude of, in all, but dissimilarity of objects, i.452n.
Empedokles, of universal pretensions, i.47;doctrines,38;four principles,ib.;dissents from Ionic School and Herakleitus,ib.,48;denies φύσις (in sense of γένεσις),38n.;compared with Anaxagoras,52;Anaximander,54;the moving forces, Love and Enmity,39;modernattractionandrepulsion,40n.;physics,38;predestined cycle,39;Chaos,ib.,54;was aware of effect of pressure of air,44n.;movements of the blood,43;illustrated respiration by Klepsydra,44n.;perception,44, iv.235n.;contrary to Anaxagoras, i.58;knowledge of like by like,44;God,40n.,42;dæmons,47;religious mysticism in,47n.;claims magical powers,47;sacredness of life, metempsychosis,46;friendship, ii.179;deplores impossibility of finding out truth from shortness of life, i.47;influence on Aristotle,91;doctrines identified by Plato withHomo Mensura, iii.114,115.
Ends, science of, postulated, ii.32,169;dimly indicated by Plato,148;correlation with the unknown Wise Man,149;distinction of, iii.374n.;no common, among established νόμιμα,282n.
Energy, analogous to guardians in state, iv.39;Aristotle’s ἐνέργεια, ii.355.
Ens, of Xenophanes, i.17;of Parmenides,66, iii.58;combines extension and duration, i.19;and Non-Ens, an inherent contradiction in human mind,20;alone contains truth — phenomena, probability,24;erroneously identified by Aristotle with Heat,ib.n.;Zeno,93;Gorgias the Leontine,103-4;Demokritus,67;contraries the Pythagorean principles of,15n.;an intermediate predicate, iii.94;theories of philosophers about,200,231;materialists and idealists,202;of Plato, comprehends objects of perception and of conception,229,231;isensone or many,201;difficulties aboutnon-ensandensequally great,ib.,206;is equivalent to potentiality,204;includes both the unchangeable and the changeable,205;atertium quid, distinct from motion and rest,206;philosopher lives in region ofens, — Sophist, ofnon-ens,208;non-ens,331;different views about,243n.;its different meanings in Plato,181n.;non-ensinconceivable,200;five forms examined,208,231-5;a real form, not contrary to, but different from, ens,211,233;inter-communion of forms ofnon-ensand of proposition, opinion, judgment,213,214,235;non-ens inSophistêsdifferent from other dialogues,242;Plato’s view of non-ens,ib.n.,249n.;unsatisfactory,ib.n.;alone knowable, non-ens unknowable, iv.49;what is between ens and non-ens, the object of opinion,ib.;fundamental distinction ofensfromfientia,219;seeRelativity,Ontology.
Entities, quadruple distribution of, iii.346;Cudworth’s immutable,74n.
Epicharmus, i.9.
Epiktêtus, on authority, i.388n.;objective and subjective,451n.;φιλόσοφος and ἰδιώτης, iv.104n.;scheme conformable to nature, i.162n.
Epikurus, garden, i.255n.;school and library,269n.;Symposionof, iii.22n.;developed Aristippus’ doctrines, i.198;identity of good and pleasure, ii.315n.,355n., iii.374,377n.,387n., iv.301;scheme conformable to nature, i.163n.;on justice, iv.130n.;antithesis of speculative and political life, ii.368n.;immortality of the soul,425n.;against repulsive pictures of Hades, iv.155n.;prayer and sacrifice,395;agreement with Demokritean doctrine of chance, i.73n.;Plato’s theology compared with, iv.161.
Epimenidês, date, iv.311n.
Epimêtheus, ii.268.
Epinomis, its authorship, i.299n.,306,307,309;represents Plato’s latest opinions, iv.421n.,424n.;gives education of Nocturnal Counsellors,420,424;soul prior to and more powerful than body,421;genesis of kosmos,ib.;fiveelements,240n.,421;wisdom,ib.;theological view of astronomy,ib.;arithmetic and geometry, proportionals,423;particulars to be brought under the general forms,423.
Ἐπιστήμη, relation to αἴσθησις, iii.164n.;seeScience.
Epistles, Plato’s, i.333n.;genuineness,306-7,309,349n.;written when old,262;valuable illustrations of his character,339n.;intentional obscurity as to philosophical doctrine,350,353n.
Ἐπιθυμία, derivation, iii.302n.
Equivoques, ii.8n.,214, iii.29;Sokrates does not distinguish, ii.279;Aristotle more careful than Plato,170,279n.;fallacies of equivocation,212,352n.;gain,82;know,213n.;εὖ ζῆν and εὖ πράττειν,216n.,352n.;Nature,341n., iv.194;Cause, ii.404,409,410n.;Good,406, iii.370;Ens,231;Unum,Ens,Idem,Diversum, &c.,94;Pleasure,379n.;Justice, iv.102,120,123,125.
Eranos, meaning, iv.400n.;Plato inconsistent,399.
Erasistratus, iv.259n.
Erastæ, authenticity, i.306-7,309,315, ii.121;subject and interlocutors,111;vivacity,116;philosophy the perpetual accumulation of knowledge,112;how to fix the quantity,113;philosophy not multiplication of learned acquirements,114;special art for discriminating bad and good,115,119;supreme,120;the philosopher its regular practitioner,115;the philosopher, second best in several arts,114;Aristotle’s σοφία and φρόνησις,120n.;relation of second-best man to regular practitioner,113,115,118;supposed to point at Demokritus,ib.;humiliation of literaryerastes,116.