Jamblichuson metempsychosis, ii.426n.
Jason, of Pheræ, iii.388n.
Jerome, St., on Plato and Aristotle, i.xv.
Johnson, Dr., on Berkeley, iv.243n.
Jouffroy, à priori element of cognition, iii.119n.
Judgment, akin to proposition, and may be false, by partnership with formnon-ens, iii.213-4;implied in every act of consciousness,165n.
Just, the holy a branch of the, i.447;and unjust, standard of the better, ii.3;whence knowledge of it,4;identified with the good, honourable, expedient,7;or Good is the profitable — general, but not constant, explanation of Plato,38;the just, by law, not nature, Aristippus’ doctrine, i.197.
Justice, is it just, ii.278;varieties of meaning, i.452n., iv.102,120,123,125;derivation of δικαιοσύνη, iii.301n.;of δίκαιον,308n.;with temperance, the condition of happiness and freedom, ii.12;and sense of shame possessed and taught by all citizens,269;how far like holiness, i.447, ii.278;opposition of natural and legal,338, i.197;what is, iii.416;unsatisfactory answers of Sokrates and his friends,ib.;is rendering what is owing, iv.2;rejected,6;is what is advantageous to the most powerful,8;modified,9;is the good of another,10;necessary to society and individual, injustice a source of weakness,11;is a source of happiness,12,14,18;is a compromise,13;good only from consequences,15,16,99;Xenophon on,114n.;the received view anterior to Plato,100;a goodper se,20,40,84,90,116;and from its consequences,94,121,123,294;proved also by superiority of pleasures of intelligence,84;proof fails,116,118-21;all-sufficient for happiness, germ of Stoical doctrine,102;inconsistent with actual facts,106;incorrect, for individual dependent on society,ib.,123;Plato’s affirmation true in a qualified sense,125;orthodoxy or dissent of just man must be taken into account,126,131;in state,34;is in all classes,36;is performing one’s own function,ib.,37,39;analogy to bodily health,40;what constitutes injustice,367-9;no man voluntarily wicked,249,365-7;distinction of damage and injury,366;relation to rest of virtue,428;distinction effaced between temperance and,135;ethical basis imperfect,127;view peculiar to Plato,99;Platonic conception is self-regarding,104;motives to it arise from internal happiness of the just,105;view substantially maintained since,ib.;essential reciprocity in society, ii.312,333, iv.100,133;the basis of Plato’s own theory of city’s genesis,111;incompletely stated,112n.;any theory of society must present antithesis and correlation of obligation and right,112;Xenophon’s definition unsatisfactory, i.231;Karneades, iv.118n.;Epikurus,130n.;Lucretius,ib.;Pascal, i.231n.
Κακία, derivation, iii.301n.
Kallikles, rhetor and politician, ii.340.
Kallimachus, Plato’s works known to, i.276,296n.;issued catalogue of Alexandrine library,275.
Καλόν, τό, translated by beautiful, ii.49n.;defined,327,334;rejected,ib.;seeBeautiful,Honourable.
Kant, his Noumenon agrees with Ens of Parmenides, i.21.
Kapila, i.378n.;analogy to Plato, ii.389n.
Karneades, on justice, iv.118n.
Kepler, applied Pythagorean conception, i.14n.;devotion to mathematics, iii.388n.
King, seeMonarch.
Kleitophon, fragmentary, i.268, iii.419,424;authenticity, i.305-7,309,315, iii.419n.,420,426n.;posthumous,420;inRepublictetralogy, i.406n., iii.419,425;represents the point of view of many objectors,424;scenery and persons,413;Sokrates has power in awakening ardour for virtue,415;but does not explain what virtue is,ib.,421-24;what is justice or virtue,416;unsatisfactory replies of Sokrates’ friends,ib.;Kleitophon believes Sokrates knows but will not tell,418;compared withRepublic,425;Apology,421.
Know, Aristotle on equivocal meaning of, ii.213n.;to know and be known is action and passion, iii.287n.
Knowledge, claim to universal, common to ancient philosophers, iii.219;kinds of, i.xii. n.;of like by like,44, iv.227;Demokritus’ theory, i.72,76,80;Zeno,98;Gorgias the Leontine,104;Kyrenaics,199,204;false persuasion of, the natural state of human mind, Sokrates’ theory,374,414, ii.166n.,218,243,263;regarded as an ethical defect, iii.177;Sokrates’ mission, i.374,376, ii.24,146,419, iii.422, iv.219;search after, the business of life to Sokrates and Plato, i.396;per seinteresting,403;necessity of scrutiny,398n.;Mill on vagueness of common words, ii.48n.;omnipotence of King Nomos, i.378-84;different views of Plato, iii.163,164n.;evolution of indwelling conceptions, i.359n., ii.249, iii.17;Sokrates’ mental obstetric,112;attained only by dialectic, i.396;its test, power of going through a Sokratic cross-examination,ib., ii.64;genesis of,391;reminiscenceof the ideas,237, iii.13,17;gods possess the Idea of,67,68n.;philosophy the perpetual accumulation of, ii.112;of good and evil, distinct from other sciences,168;necessary to use of good things,205;must include both making and right use205;no action contrary to,291;virtue is,239,321,67n.,149;ofwhatunsolved,244;to hurt knowingly or wilfully better than unwillingly,58;analogies from the arts,59;evil done by good man with, by bad without,61;as condition of human conduct, Sokrates and Plato dwell too exclusively on,67,83;rely too much on analogy of arts, and do not note what underlies epithets,68;and moderation identical, having same contrary,280;of self, Delphian maxim,11,25;from looking into other minds, is temperance,12;opposed to divine inspiration,136;no object of, distinct from knowledge itself,156;ofensalone, iv.49;all, relative to some object, ii.157,169;is sensible perception, iii.111,113,154,172n.;erroneously identified withHomo Mensura,113,118,120n.,125,162n.;objections, sensible facts, different to different percipients,153;sensible perception does not include memory,157;argument from analogy of seeing and not seeing at the same time,ib.;lies in the mind’s comparisons respecting sensible perceptions,161;difference from modern views,162;the mind rises from sensation to opinion, then cognition,164;verification from experience, not recognised as necessary or possible,168;of good, identified with νοῦς, of other things with δόξα, ii.30;relation to opinion, iii.167n.,172,184n.;are false opinions possible,169;waxen memorial tablet in the mind,ib.;distinction of possessing and having actually in hand,170;simile of pigeon-cage,171;false opinion is the confusion of cognitions and non-cognitions, refuted,ib.;distinguished from right opinion, ii.253,255n., iii.168;rhetor communicates true opinion, not knowledge,172;Plato’s compared with modern views, ii.254;is true opinionplusrational explanation, iii.173;analogy of elements and compounds,ib.;three meanings ofrational explanation,174;definition rejected,175;antithesis of opinion and, not so marked inPolitikusasTheætêtus,256;opposite cognitions unlike each other,336,396;pleasures of, true,356,387n.;good a mixture of pleasure and,361;same principle of classification applied to pleasure as to,382;classification of true and false, how applied to cognitions,394;its valuable principles,395;seeRelativity,Science,Self-knowledge.
Kosmos, the first topic of Greek speculation, i.ix.;primitive belief,2;early explanation by Polytheism,ib.;Homer and Hesiod,ib.;Thales,4;water once covered the earth, notices of the argument from prints of shells and fishes,18;Anaximander,5-7;Anaximenes,7-8;Pythagoras,12;Pythagorean music of the spheres,14;Xenophanes,18,119n.;Parmenides,24,90n.;Herakleitus,32;Empedokles,39,41;Diogenes of Apollonia,64;its Reason, different conceptions of Sokrates and Aristotle, ii.402n.;soul prior to and more powerful than body, iv.386,419,421;the good and the bad souls at work in the universe,386;all things full of gods,388;soul of, iii.265n., iv.421;its position and elements,225;affinity of soul of, and human, iii.366n.;mythe inPolitikus,265n.;divine steersman and dæmons,ib.;analogy of individual mind and cosmical process, i.36n.;comparison of man to kosmos unnecessary andconfusing, iii.367;free from pleasure and pain,389;forced conjunction of kosmology and ethics,391;idea of good rules the ideal, as sun the visible, iv.64;simile of, absolute height and depth,87;unchangeable essences of, rarely studied, iii.361;aversion to studying, on ground of impiety, iv.219n.;noknowledgeof, obtainable,220;theory inTimæusacknowledged to be merely an εἰκὼς λόγος,217;Demiurgus, ideas, chaos postulated,220;Time began with the,227;is a living being and a god,220,223;Demiurgus produces, by persuading Necessity,220;process of demiurgic construction,223;the copy of the Αὐτόζωον,ib.,227,235n.,264;product of joint action of reason and necessity,238;body, spherical form, and rotations, i.25n., iv.225,229,237,252,325n.,388-9;to be studied for mental hygienic,252;primary and visible gods,229;secondary and generated gods,230;construction of man,243;generated gods fabricate cranium as miniature of kosmos, with rational soul rotating within,235;four elements not primitive,238;action of Ideas on prime matter,238;Forms of the elements,ib.;primordial chaos,240;geometrical theory of the elements,ib.;borrowed from Pythagoreans, i.349n.;Aristotle on, iv.241n.;varieties of each element,242;contrast of Plato’s admiration, with degenerate realities,262,264;degeneracy originally intended,263;recurrence of destructive agencies,270,307;change of view inEpinomis,421,424n.
Krates, the “door-opener,” i.173;Sokrates’ precepts fully carried out by Diogenes and,160,174.
Kratippus, the Peripatetic, i.258n.
Kratylus, purpose, iii.302-8,309n.,321,323,325n.;authenticity, i.316;date,306,309,310,312;subject and personages, iii.285;speaking and naming conducted according to fixed laws,286;names distinguished by Plato as true or false,ib.n.;connected with doctrine of Ideas,326n.;the thing spoken ofsuffers,287n.;name, a didactic instrument, made by lawgiver on type of name-form,287,312,329;Plato’sidéal,325,328n.,329;compared with his views on social institutions,327;natural rectitude of names,289,300n.,305n.;names vary in degree of aptitude,319;aptitude consists in resemblance,313;difficult to harmonise with facts,323;forms of names and of things nameable,289;lawgiver alone discerns essences of names, and assigns them correctly,290;proofs cited from etymology,299,300n.,307n.;not caricatures of sophists,302,304,310n.,314n.,321,323;the etymologies serious,306-12,317n.;counter-theory,Homo Mensura,291,326n.;objection, it levels all animals,292;analogy of physical processes, unsuitable,294;belief not dependent on will,297;first imposer of names a Herakleitean,301n.,314-5,320n.;how names have become disguised,312;changes hard to follow,315;onomastic art, letters as well as things must be distinguished with their essential properties,313;Herakleitean theory admitted,317;some names not consistent with it,319;things known only through names, not true,320;Herakleitean flux, true of particulars, not of Ideas,ib.;the theory uncertain, implicit trust not to be put in names,321,324;compared withPolitikus,281,329;Sophistês.331;Timæus,ib.;various reading in, p. 429c,317n.
Krete, unlettered community, iv.277;public training and mess,279;its customs peculiar to itself and Sparta,280n.
Kritias, a fragment, i.268, iv.265;probably would have been an ethical epic in prose,269;inRepublictetralogy,215,265;date, i.309,311-3,315,325;authenticity,307, iv.266n.;subject,266;citizens of Plato’s state identified with ancient Athenians,ib.;Solon and Egyptian priests,ib.,268;explanation of their learning,271;island Atlantis and its kings,268;address of Zeus,269;corruption and wickedness of people,ib.;submergence,270;mythe incomplete, iii.409n.;presented as matter of history, iv.270;recurrence of destructive kosmical agencies,ib.
Kriton, rhetorical, not dialectical, i.433;compared withGorgias, ii.362;general purpose, subject, and interlocutors, i.425,428;authority of public judgment, nothing, of Expert, everything,420,435;Sokrates does not name, but himself acts as, expert,436;Sokrates’ answer to Kriton’s appeal to flee,426;Sokrates’ principle, Never act unjustly,427;this a cardinal point, though most mendiffer from him,ib.;character and disposition of Sokrates, differently set forth,428;imaginary pleading of the Laws of Athens,ib.;agreement with Athenian democratic sentiment,430,432;Plato’s purpose in this,428;attempts reconciliation of constitutional allegiance with Sokrates’ individuality,432;Sokrates characteristics overlooked in the harangue,431;maintained by his obedience from conviction,ib.
Kyrenaics, scheme of life, i.188;ethical theory,195;logical theory,197;doctrine of relativity,ib.,204;Æthiops, Antipater, and Arêtê,195;Theodorus on the gods,202;seeAristippus,Hegesias.
Labour, division of, iv.138.
Lachês, authenticity, i.305, ii.151;date, i.304,306,308-10,312,315,328,331n.;subject and interlocutors, ii.138;dramatic contrast of Lachês and Sokrates,150;should lessons be received from a master of arms,138;Sokrates refers to a professional judge,139;the judge must prove his competence, Sokrates confesses incompetence,140;marks of the Expert,141;education — virtue must first be known,142;courage,143;example instead of definition,ib.;not endurance,144;intelligence of things terrible and not terrible,145, iv.138;such intelligence not possessed by professional artists, ii.148;but is an inseparable part of knowledge of good and evil generally,149;intelligence of good and evil generally — too wide,146;apparent tendency of Plato’s mind in looking for a solution,147;compared withTheagês,104;Charmidês,168;Politikus, iii.282-4;Republic, iv.138.
Lactantius, the soul, ii.425n.
Land, division of, twelve tribes, iv.329;perpetuity of lots of,326,360;Aristotle on,326n.;succession,328,404;distribution of annual produce,361.