Macaulay, Lord, Theology not a progressive science, ii.428.
Mackintosh, Sir J., iv.105n.
Madness, Plato’s view, ii.129;of philosophers,383;varieties of, Eros one, iii.11;seeInspiration.
Magic, Empedokles claims powers of, i.47;Plato’s laws against, iv.407.
Magnet, analogy to poetic inspiration, ii.128,129.
Magneticcolony, seeLeges.
Maine, meaning of natural justice, ii.342n.;influence of Law in early societies, i.382n.
Makinganddoing, ii.155.
Malebranche, ii.404n., iv.233.
Mallet, onSophistês, iii.245n.
Malthus, law of population, iv.201;recognised by Plato and Aristotle,202.
Man, Plato on antiquity of, iv.307;construction of,243;the cause of evil,234;inconsistencyib.n.;seeBody,Soul,Immortality.
ManichæanismofLeges, iv.389n.
Mansel, Dr., iii.124n.
Mantineia, i.211.
Marathon, iii.406.
Marbach, i.132n.
Mariandyni, iv.343n.
Marriage, temporary for guardians, iv.43,175-8;object,198;Plato’s and modern sentiments,192;Aristotle,188,198-201;laws in secondidéal,328,332,341,344,359,405,406;board of Matrons,345;Malthus’ law recognised by Plato and Aristotle,202;divorce,406.
MartinonTimæus,iv.218n.,224n.,233n.,424n.;Leges,355n.
Materialists, iii.203,223;meaning ofens,231;argument against,203,224,226,228;reply open to,224,229.
Matter, Aristotle’smateria prima, i.72, iii.397n.;τὸ δεκτικὸν ofTimæus,ib.;four elements not primitive, iv.238;prime, action of Ideas on,ib.;Voltaire on, i.168n.
Maximus Tyrius, on Plato’s reminiscence, ii.250n.;variety, iii.400n.
Measure, Plato’s conception, ii.112,117, iii.260;τὸ μέτριον of Plato,397n.;Platonicidéal, undefined results, ii.374;Pythagorean καιρός, iii.397n.;necessary, to choose pleasures rightly, ii.293,357n., iii.391;virtue a right estimate of pleasure and pain, ii.293,305;courage a just estimate of things terrible,307;false estimates of pleasures habitual, iii.353;true pleasures admit of,357;directive sovereignty of,391;how applied inProtagoras,ib.;how explained inPhilêbus,393.
Medical Art, analogy of rhetoric to, iii.31;reducible to rule, ii.372n.;physician not bound by peremptory rules, iii.269;no refined, allowed, iv.28;Plato’s view of,250;synthetic character of ancient,260n.
Megarics, transcendental, not ethical, i.122;shared with Plato the eristic of Sokrates,124,126;logical position misrepresented by historians,131;negative dialectic attributed by historians to,371;not peculiar to,387;the charge brought by contemporaries against Sokrates,388;fallacies of, ii.215, iii.92;sophisms of Eubulides, i.133;real character of,135;alleged over-refinement in classification of, iii.196n.;not the idealists ofSophistês,244;controversy with Aristotle about Power, i.135;Aristotle’s arguments not valid,136-8;Aristotle himself concedes the doctrine,139n.;doctrine of Diodôrus Kronus,140,143;defended by Hobbes,ib.;depends on question of universal regularity of sequence,141;sophism of Diodôrus Kronus,ib.,143;Stilpon,147;Cicero on,135n.;Ritter,129n.;Prantl,ib.,132n.;Zeller,131n.;Winckelmann,132n.;Marbach,ib.;Tiedemann,ib.;Stallbaum,ib.;Deycks,136n.;seeEukleides.
Melêtus, reply of Sokrates to, Plato and Xenophon compared, i.456;Plato’s views coincide with, iv.211,230n.,381,385,411, i.113.
Melissusof Samos, i.93.
Memory, difference of μνήμη and ἀνάμνησις, iii.350n.;seeAssociation.
Ménage, on etymology, iii.303n.
Menedêmusthe Eretrian, i.148;disallowed negative predications,170.
Menexenus, its authenticity, i.316,338, iii.412n.;date, i.307,309,313,324;anachronism, iii.411;scenery and persons,401;funeral harangues at Athens,ib.,404;Sokrates recites harangue learnt from Aspasia,402;framed on the established type,405;excited much admiration,407;probable motives of Plato,ib.,410;contrast withLeges, iv.315n.,318;Gorgias, ii.374, iii.409.
Menon, date, i.306-7,308-10,313,315,325n., ii.228n.,246n.;purpose,235;gives points in common between Sokrates and Sophists,257;scenery and persons,232;is virtue teachable,ib.,239, iii.330n.;plurality of virtues, ii.233;search for common property,234;how is process of search useful,237;Sokrates’ cross-examination like effect of torpedo,ib.;analogies, definitions of figure and colour,235;Menon’s definition, refuted,236;theory of reminiscence,237;illustrated by questioning Menon’s slave,238,249n.,251;metempsychosis,249;little said of theIdeas,253,255n.;virtue is knowledge,239;and so teachable,240;relation of opinion to knowledge,241,255n.,392n., iii.172n.;right opinion of good statesmen, from inspiration, ii.242;highest virtue teachable, but all existing virtue is from inspiration,ib.;virtue itself remains unknown,ib.,245;Sokrates’ doctrine, universal desire of good,243;compared withPhædrusandPhædon,249;Protagoras,244;Politikus, iii.283;Timæus,Gorgias,Republic, ii.254n.
Mentiens, sophism, i.128,133.
Messênê, bad basis of government, iv.310.
Metaphor, Herakleitus’ exposition by, i.28,30,37n.;Plato’s tendency to found arguments on,343,353,n., ii.337n., iii.65n.,173,207,351,364;doctrine of Ideas derived its plausibility from, i.343;waxen memorial tablet in the mind, iii.169;pigeon-cage,171;souls’ κνῆσις compared to children’s teething,399n.;the steersman, iv.53;Idea of Good in intellectual, as sun in visible,63;the cave, iii.257n., iv.67-70;analogy of state and individual,11,20,39,79-84,96;exaggerated,115,121,124;kosmos, absolute height and depth,87.
Metaphysics, seeOntology.
Meteorology, of Anaxagoras, i.58;Diogenes of Apollonia,64;Sokrates avoided,376.
Metempsychosis, included in all ancient speculations, ii.390,425n.;belief of Empedokles, i.46;included in Plato’s proof of soul’s immortality, ii.414;theory of,237,247, iv.234;of ordinary men only, ii.390,416,425;mythe, iii.12,14n.;general doctrine in Virgil, ii.425n.
Method, revolutionised by Sokrates, i.x;obstetric,367, ii.251, iii.112,176;Aristotle’s Dialectic and Demonstrative, i.363;seeDialectic,Negative,Inductive.
Metics, admission of, iv.362;Xenophon on, i.238.
Μέτριον, τό, of Plato, iii.397n.
Michelet, iv.151n.
Middle ages, disputations in the, i.397n.;views on causation, ii.409n.
Μίγμα, seeChaos.
Mill, Jas., on law of mental association, ii.192n.;transmission of established morality of a society,275n.;on the moral sense, iv.128n.;ethical end,105n.
Mill, J. S., on vague connotation of general terms, ii.48n.;evils of informal debate,220n.,222n.;definition of fallacy, i.129;heads of fallacies, ii.218;fallacies of confusion, Descartes’ argument, iii.297n.;of Sufficient Reason, earliest example of, i.6n.;relativity of knowledge, iii.128n.;abstract names,78n.;simple objects undefinable, i.172n.;comparison of Form with particular phenomena, iii.64n.;necessity of Verification,168n.;antecedent,consequent,simultaneous,165n.;assumption in axioms of arithmetic,396n.;axioms of arithmetic and geometry, from induction, iv.353n.;ultimate laws of nature, iii.132n.;relation of art to science,43n.;the beautiful, ii.50n.;hostility to novel attempts at analysis of ethics, i.387n.;Liberty,395n., ii.367n.;Sokrates’ Utilitarianism,310n.;theory of syllogism,255n.;approximation to Plato and Aristotle as to ideal state of society, iv.199n.
Milton, on Plato’s intolerance, iv.379n.
Mind, doctrine of Parmenides, i.26;identified with heat by Demokritus,75;its seat in various parts of the body, Demokritus,76;Sokrates’ theory of natural state of human,373;elenchus the sovereign purifier of, iii.197;Sokrates’ obstetric,112;the self, ii.11,25;state of agent’s, as to knowledge, frequent enquiry in Plato,83;Plato’s view, an assemblage of latent capacities,164;knowledge is dominant agency in,290;usefulness of negative result for training,186;operation of pre-natal experience on, iii.13;rhetoric should include a classification of minds and discourses,32;idéalunattainable,42,45;compared to paper,169,351;of each individual, tripartite, iv.37;analogous to rulers, guardians, craftsmen,39;high development of body and, equally necessary, ii.422n.;relation to bodily organs, iii.159, iv.387n.;diseases of, from body,250;no man voluntarily wicked,249,365-8;preservative and healing agencies,250;treatment of, by itself,251;rotations of kosmos to be studied,252;seeReason,Soul.
Minos, authenticity, i.306-7,309,336,337n., ii.82,93;inLegestrilogy,91;andHipparchusanalogous and inferior to other works,82;subject the characteristic property connoted bylaw,76,86;discussed by historical Sokrates,ib.;its meanings,91;three parts, objections,76;isgoodopinion of the city, true opinion, or finding out of reality,77;real things always accounted real, analogies,79;only whatought to belaw,is,80,88-9, iii.281n.,317n.;Expert finds out and certifies truth, ii.87-9;laws of Cretan Minos divine and excellent, extant,80,90;Minos’ character variously represented,81;what does the lawgiver prescribe for health of mind — unanswered,ib.;bad definitions of law,86;Sokrates’ reasoning unsound but Platonic,88.