Strabo, value of poets, iv.152n.
Straton, theory of sensation, i.63n., iii.166n.;Plato’s doctrine of reminiscence, ii.250n.
Strümpell, onParmenidês, iii.71n.,75n.
Subject, independent object and, do not explain facts of consciousness, iii.131;perpetually implicated with object,118,122n.,123,128;in regard to intelligible world, proved from Plato,121,125;shown more easily than in reference to sense,122;Hobbes on,117n.;relations are nothing in the object without a comparing subject,127;seeRelativity.
Subjective, of Xenophanes, i.18;and objective views of ethics, Sokrates distinguished,451;unanimity coincident with objective dissent,ib.;Plato’s reference to objective and, iii.134.
Subjectivism, an objection toHomo Mensura, iii.151.
Suckow, onMenexenus, iii.412n.;SophistêsandPolitikus,185n.;Leges, iv.431,432.
Suicide, Hegesias, the death-persuader, i.202;Cynics, and Indian Gymnosophists,161n.
Συμφέρον, derivation, iii.301n.
Συνώνυμα and ὁμώνυμα first distinguished by Aristotle, iii.94n.;συνωνύμως, ii.194.
Susemihl, on Platonic canon, coincides with Hermann, i.310;Timæus, iv.218n.
Sydenham, on Aristippus and Eudoxus, i.202n.;seat of happiness, iii.372n.;Philêbus,376n.
Syllogisticand Inductive Dialectic, ii.27.
Symposion, of Xenophon, i.152;date, iii.26n.;compared with Plato’s,22;of Epikurus,ib.n.
Symposion, the, date, i.307,309,311,312,324, iii.26n.;purpose, ii.382n., iii.8;antithesis and complement ofPhædon,22;contains much transcendental assertion,56;censured for erotic character,3n.;Idea of Beauty exclusively presented in,18;Eros, views of interlocutors,9;a Dæmon intermediate between gods and men,ib.;but inPhædrusa powerful god,ib.n.,11n.;amends empire of Necessity, iv.222n.;discourse of Sokrates, iii.11;analogy of Eros to philosophy,10,11;the stimulus to mental procreation,4,6;knowledge, by evolution of indwelling conceptions,17;exaltation of Eros in a few, love of beautyin genere,7;common desire for immortality,6;attained through mental procreation, beauty the stimulus,ib.;only metaphorical immortality recognised in,17;Sokrates’ personal appearance and peculiar character,19;proof against temptation,20, iv.287;concluding scene, iii.19;compared with Xenophon,22;Phædon, ii.382, iii.17-8,22;Phædrus,11n.,11,15,16-8;Philêbus,370n.,399;reading in p. 201d, μαντικῆς,8n.
Syracuse, the Athenian expedition against, iii.406.
Syssitia, iv.280n.,285n.,335,345.
Tacitus, iv.408n., i.245n.
Taste, Empedokles, i.46;Demokritus,78.
Taxation, direct, according to wealth, iv.331.
Teaching, denied in Menon, ii.254n.;διδαχὴ and πειθώ, distinct,ib., iii.172n.;knowledge to be elicited out of untutored mind, how far correct, ii.249;dialectician alone can teach, iii.37;idéalunrealisable,51;books (q. v.) and lectures of little use,34;proper use of dialectic and rhetoric,40;of rhetoricians, practical value of,45;Sokrates’ and Aristotle’s views,53n.;exercises for students,79,80n.,90n.;parents’ jealousy towards influential teachers, ii.265n.
Τεχνίτης, ii.272n.
Teleology, physiology ofTimæussubordinated to ethical, iv.257;seeEnds.
Temperance, σωφροσύνη, ii.153n.;as treated by Plato and Aristotle,170;is self-knowledge,155;and with justice the condition of happiness and freedom,12;the condition of virtue and happiness,358;and intelligence identical, having same contrary,279;a kind of sedateness, objections,154;a variety of feeling of shame, refuted,ib.;doing one’s own business, refuted,155;as cognition of cognitionand of non-cognition, of no avail for our end, happiness,159,160;not the science of good and evil, and of little service,161;undiscovered, but a good,162;Charmidês, difficulties unnoticed inPolitikus, iii.282;in state, iv.34-5;distinction effaced between justice and,135;relation to rest of virtue,425.
Tennemann, i.302.
Thales, philosophy, i.4;doctrine of eclipses,6n.;foretold eclipse,4n.;misrepresented by Cicero,ib.
Θαρράλεος, ii.145n.
Theætêtus, date, i.307-10,313,315,324,325n., ii.228n., iii.111n.;purpose,167n.,176;value,177;great advance in analytical psychology,164;negative result,176;difficulties not solved in any other dialogue,180;sophisms in,158n.;like Megarics, i.134n.;method contrasted withPhilêbus, iii.335n.;scenery and personages,110;Sokrates’ mental obstetric,112;what is knowledge,111;sensible perception,ib.,113,154,256;doctrine erroneously identified withHomo Mensura,113,118,120n.,122,162n.;Herakleitean flux,114,115,126,128;Empedokles’ doctrine,114,115;Plato’s exposition confused,114;relativity of sensible facts,126,154;divergences of men, from mental and associative difference,155;statesman and philosopher contrasted,183;the genuine ruler a shepherd, iv.10;relativity twofold, to comparing subject, and to another object, besides the one directly described, iii.127;relations are nothing in the object without a comparing subject,ib.;no absolute ens,129;arguments from dreams, &c., answered,130;Plato’s reference to subjective and objective,134;Homo Mensura, true meaning,137,164n.;its counter-proposition,148;Plato’s arguments againstHomo Mensura,135;he ignores the proper qualification,137;the doctrine equalises all animals,135,292;not true in the sense meant,141;the wise man alone a measure,136;reply,143;special knowledge required, where future consequences involved,136;but Relativity does not imply that every man believes himself to be infallible,145;it annuls dialectic — not true,146;sensible perception does not include memory,157;argument from analogy of seeing and not seeing at the same time,ib.;the mind sees notwithbutthroughthe eyes,159;the mind makes several judgments by itself,160;knowledge lies in the mind’s comparisons respecting sensible perceptions,161;difference from modern views,162;cognition is true opinion — objections,168,184n.;are false opinions possible,169,181n.;waxen memorial tablet in the mind,169;distinction of possessing, and having actually in hand, knowledge,170;simile of pigeon-cage,171;false opinion impossible or a man may know what he does not know,170;the confusions of cognitions and non-cognitions, refuted,171;for rhetors communicate true opinion, not knowledge,172;knowledge is true opinionplusrational explanation,173;analogy of elements and compounds,ib.;rejected,175;compared withPhædrus,18;Symposion,ib.;Sophistês,181n.,187,227,242,258,332;Politikus,185n.,187,256;Kratylus,332;Philêbus,335n.
Theagês, authenticity, i.306,309,319, ii.98,100n.,107;prolixity,100n.;analogy withLachês,104;its peculiarity, thedæmon,ib.;explains eccentricity of Sokrates,105;Theagês desires a teacher of wisdom,99;incompetence of best statesmen for teaching,100;Sokrates asked to teach — declares inability,101;excuse,105;sometimes useful — his experience of hisdæmon,102;Theagês anxious to be Sokrates’ companion,103.
Thebans, iii.24n.
Themistius, i.388n.
Theodorus, i.202.
Theology, not a progressive science, ii.428;primitive, contrasted by Aristotle with “human wisdom,” i.3n.;seeGod,Religion.
Theophrastus, friend of Ptolemy Soter, i.279;banished from Athens,ib.n.;change in Peripatetic school after death of,272;physiology,46n.;combated Demokritus’ theory of vision,78n.;criticises Demokritean division of qualities,80n.;astronomy,257n.;Plato’s doctrine of earth’s position, iv.424n.;sophism,Mentiens, i.134n.;fate,143n.
Theopompus, view of dialectic, i.450;qualities non-existent without themind, iii.74n.;on profession of Sophist, i.212n.;authorship of Plato’s dialogues,112n.,115.
Theory, difference between precepts and, iv.131.
Thomson, onParmenidês, iii.84n.
Thonissen, iv.380n.
Thracians, iv.38.
Thrasyllus, on Platonic canon, i.265;follows Aristophanes’ classification,295,299;not an internal sentiment,298;trustworthiness,299;acknowledged till 16th century,301;more trustworthy than moderns,335;classifies in Tetralogies works of Plato and Demokritus,273n.;not the order established by Plato,335n.;classification of Demokritus,295n.;Plato’s works — dramatic, philosophical,289;his principle,294n.;incongruity,294;of Search, of Exposition defective but useful,361;erroneously applied,364;coincides with Aristotle’s two methods, Dialectic, Demonstrative,362;sub-classes recognised,366;the scheme, when principles correctly applied,365;did not doubtHipparchus,297n.;norErastæ, ii.121;KleitophoninRepublictetralogy, iii.419.
Thrasymachus, iii.419, iv.7.
Thucydides, pupil of Sokrates, ii.102;probably never read by Plato, iii.411n.;the gods’ jealousy, iv.165n.;speeches of Perikles, ii.373n.,373, iv.148n.;Melian dialogue, ii.341n., i.180n.
Θυμός, derivation, iii.301n.
Thurot, on Sophists, i.389n.
Tiedemann, i.132n.
Timæus, date, i.307,309,311-3,315,325, iii.368n.;sequel toRepublic, iv.215;is earliest physical theory extant in its author’s words,216;how much mythical,255n.;relation to old Greek cosmogonies, i.87, iv.255n.;coincidence with Orpheus,ib.;adopted by Alexandrine Jews as a parallel to Mosaic Genesis,256;physiology subordinated to ethical teleology,257;Plato’s theory, acknowledged to be merely an εἰκὼς λόγος,217;contrast with Sokrates, Isokrates, Xenophon,ib.;subject and persons,215;position and character of Pythagorean Timæus,216;fundamental distinction ofensandfientia,219;no knowledge of kosmos obtainable,220;Demiurgus, Ideas, and Chaos postulated,ib., iii.121;Demiurgus, how conceived by other philosophers of same century, iv.254;kosmos a living being and a god,220,223;Time began with,227;Demiurgus produces kosmos by persuading Necessity,220,238;process of demiurgic construction, iii.409n., iv.223;copy of the Αὐτόζωον,223,227,235n.,263;body, form, and rotation of kosmos,225,229,237,252;change of view inEpinomis,424n.;position and elements of soul of kosmos,225;affinity to human, iii.366n.;four elements not primitive, iv.238;varieties of each element,242;forms of the elements,239;Ideas and Materia Prima, iii.397n., iv.239;primordial chaos,240;geometrical theory of the elements,ib.;borrowed from Pythagoreans, i.349n.;Aristotle on, iv.241n.;primary and visible gods,229;secondary and generated gods,230;Plato’s acquiescence in tradition,230-3,241n.;address of Demiurgus to generated gods,233;preparations for man’s construction, a soul placed in each star,235;construction of man,243;Demiurgus conjoins three souls and one body,233;generated gods fabricate cranium as miniature of kosmos, with rational soul rotating within,235;mount cranium on a tall body,236;man the cause of evil,234;inconsistency,ib.n.;organs of sense,236;soul tripartite, compared withPhædon, ii.384;the gentle, tender, and æsthetical emotions omitted, iv.149n.;each part at once material and mental,257;seat of,259n.;thoracic, function of heart and lungs,245,259n.;abdominal, function of liver,245,259;seat of prophetic agency,246;function of spleen,ib.;object of length of intestinal canal,247;bone, flesh, marrow, nails, mouth, teeth,247;vision, sleep, dreams,237;advantages of sight and hearing,ib.;mortal soul of plants,248;plants for man’s nutrition,ib.;general survey of diseases,249;Plato compared with Aristotle and Hippokrates,260;mental diseases arise from body,250;no man voluntarily wicked,249;preservative and healing agencies,260;treatment of mind by itself,251;rotations of kosmos to be studied,252;contrast of Plato’s admiration, with degenerate realities,262,264;genesis of women and inferior animals from degenerate man,252;degeneracy originally intended,263;poetical close,264;compared withProtagoras, ii.268n.;Phædon,383,407n.,411,412,422, iv.239n.;Phædrus,ib.;Theætêtus, iii.163;Philêbus,397n.;Republic, iv.38n.,253n.;Leges,276,389n.;Epinomis,424n.
Time, contents of the idea of, i.20n.;and space comprised in Parmenides’ ens,19;Herakleitus’ doctrine, iv.228n.;Plato’s imagination of momentary stoppages in, iii.100,102;Aristotle,103;began with the kosmos, iv.227;difficulties of Diodôrus Kronus, i.145;Stoical belief, iii.101n.;Harris, i.146n.;calendar of ancients, iv.325n.
Timocracy, iv.79.
Tracy, Destutt,Homo Mensura, iii.292n.;individualism,139n.;origin of language,328n.
Trade, seeCommerce.
Tragedy, mixed pleasure and pain excited by, iii.355n.;Plato’s aversion to Athenian, iv.316,350;peculiar to himself,317;Aristotle differs,ib.n.
Trendelenburg, on Platonic canon, i.345n.;Philêbus, iii.398n.;relativity of knowledge,124n.
Trent, Council of, i.390n.
Truth, and Good and Real, coalesce in Plato’s mind, ii.88, iii.391;obtainable by reason only, Demokritus’ doctrine, i.72;the search after, the business of life to Sokrates and Plato,396;per seinteresting,403;modern search goes on silently,369;philosophy is reasoned,vii-ix;its criterion, ii.247;resides in universals,411,412, iv.3n.;necessary, iii.253n.;all persuasion founded on a knowledge of,28;generating cause of error,33;dialectic the standard for classifying sciences as more or less true,383;classification of true and false, how applied to cognitions,394;its valuable principles,395;is falsehood possible?199;is theoretically possible, and its production may be object of such a profession as Sophists,214;lie for useful end, justifiable, ii.347n., iv.3n.;Aristotle on, iii.386n.;seeMythe.
Turgot, on etymology, iii.303n.;Existence,135n.;hopelessness of defining common and vague terms, ii.186n.
Tyndall, Prof., i.373n.
Typegives natural groups, definition classes, ii.48,193n.