‘Aging’ of clay,19-20Alcora, attempts to make porcelain at,324‘Alumina’ Company at Copenhagen,388Alumina, proportion of, in hard pastes,7,385Amiot, Père, sends china from Pekin,52note,298noteAmoy, export of porcelain from,127,142—— stoneware made near,166Annam, porcelain made in,175Arab trade with China,209—— traders, Chinese porcelain distributed by, 210seq.—— writers on Chinese porcelain,60,209-217Arabian Nights, Martabani ware mentioned,216Arabic inscriptions on Chinese porcelain,94Aranjuez, porcelaingabinetoat,323Arita, porcelain district of Japan,181-182,193Armorial china,164,253,369—— —— decorated at Canton,114,164Arras, porcelain made at,289Arrow-holders in Chinese porcelain,139Assyrian and Babylonian glazes,33Augustus the Strong, collects Chinese porcelain,159—— —— his collection of porcelain,227—— —— porcelain in exchange for dragoons,228—— —— his taste as a collector,244-245Augustus the Strong, his ambition to imitate Oriental porcelain,245Bachelier, art inspector at Sèvres,291—— his memoir on the Sèvres works,290—— quoted,294,295,296,301Bacon, John, modeller at Bow,348Barbin at Mennecy,287Barbotine, or slip,19,312Batavian porcelain,102—— —— term how used,223Baxter, family of enamellers,362-363,369Belleek porcelain,374Bemrose, Mr., on Derby porcelain,350Berlin, Meissen staff removed to,262—— Wegeli’s earlier porcelain,262—— contemporary porcelain,389,391—— porcelain and Frederick the Great,262—— —— methods of sale,263—— —— marks on,264Bertin, the French minister, his Chinese porcelain,52note,298noteBillingsley, W.,366,367-368,371Bing and Gröndhal factory at Copenhagen,388,393Binns, Mr., documents relating to English porcelain,357,358Biscuit oven,27Bismuth used in glaze,374,388,390Black glazes on Chinese porcelain,149Bloor, Robert, at Derby,356‘Blue and white,’ origin of Chinese,75,156—— —— of Ming period,81-85,157—— —— how distinguished,83—— —— of Wan-li period,95,157—— —— Chinese name for,155—— —— Chinese porcelain,155-160—— —— earliest Chinese,156—— —— origin of Chinese,156—— —— Chinese porcelain, with hatched lines,160Blue decorationsous couverte,43—— enamel, difficulty of successful application,99note—— —— used withfamille verte,101Boccaro ware, made in China,166—— —— imitated by Böttger,247Bohemia, Northern, contemporary porcelain,392Bondy, Rue de, Paris, factory at,313Bone, Henry, employed at Bristol,381—— —— paints on slabs of porcelain,381Bone-ash in English porcelain,329,330,338,343,372-373Borneo, Chinese porcelain found in,156,209-210—— Chinese trade with,209Böttger, his life,246-248—— as an alchemist,246,248—— his porcelain at the Leipsic Fair,247,249—— compared with other great potters,250—— assistance from Dutch potters,250note—— the number of his experiments with enamels and glazes,252Böttger-ware, polished,248—— with enamel colours,249—— with brown glaze,249Boucher, his models used at Sèvres,296Bourbon, Duc de, and Chantilly,286Bow, fragments of porcelain found at,343—— nature of porcelain there made,344-345—— Craft’s punch-bowl,345-346—— marks on porcelain,348—— factory, origin of,342—— —— bought by Duesbury,352—— porcelain,342-348Brameld, Thomas, and Rockingham porcelain,372Brancas Lauraguais, experiments with kaolin,305,313,378,379Brinkley, Captain, on Japanese ceramics,194—— —— quoted,196Bristol porcelain,379-386—— —— marks on,380—— —— colours on statuettes,381-382—— —— medallions with floral wreaths,382—— —— ‘cottage china,’382—— —— glaze on,382—— —— hardness of paste,384—— —— great infusibility,384—— —— composition,384—— —— plasticity of clay,384British Museum, Oriental porcelain in,53Brongniart, director at Sèvres,303—— sells stock of undecorated Sèvres soft paste,304—— introduces severe type of paste,307—— his influence at Sèvres,308-309Bronzes, early Chinese, influence of shapes on porcelain,57Brown glazes of Chinese,74noteBrühl, Count, armorial china for,253Brunswick, Duke of, and Fürstenberg porcelain,265Buen Retiro, Madrid, porcelain factory at,322-324Buonicelli, director at Buen Retiro,323Burke at Bristol,383Burleigh House, early Chinese porcelain formerly at,85,222Bushell, Dr., work on Chinese porcelain,15,54,91,153—— translations from Chinese works on Korea,171—— manuscript,61—— —— quoted,86,138Caillouxin French porcelain,16Canton, early Arab trade,209—— enamellers on porcelain,108,114,164,165Capo di Monte, Naples, porcelain factory at,318-320Capo di Monte factory removed to Portici,320Carlos, Don, at Naples, makes porcelain,319—— —— now Charlesiii.of Spain, carries his workmen to Buen Retiro,319Cassettes.SeeSeggars.Casting, process described,25,354—— used for Derby statuettes,354Catherineii., her Sèvres dinner-service,298Caughley porcelain,365Celadon glazes,42—— word used in restricted sense,64—— of Sung dynasty,63-65,132,144—— origin of term,64note—— early examples in European collections,71—— later Chinese ware,145—— made in Siam,173,212note—— Japanese,192,195,197—— old pieces in Japan,178,201—— (martabani) in Persia,215—— earliest specimen at Oxford,218Censors, influence of, on Chinese arts,74Ch’ai yao, early Chinese ware,62Chambrelansor chamberers, term explained,303Champion, R.,375,377,379,382-383Chang, the elder and younger brothers,65Cha-no-yu, Japanese tea ceremony,178Chantilly, porcelain made at,285-287—— sprig pattern,286—— marks on porcelain,287Chao Ju-kua, his report on early Chinese trade,210Chardin on porcelain in Persia,215Charlottenburg factory,389,391Chelsea-Derby porcelain,341,352-355—— —— marks on,352—— —— new forms introduced,352-353—— —— statuettes made by ‘casting,’354Chelsea factory, site of,335—— —— end of,341—— porcelain,331-342Chelsea porcelain, an early ware,332—— —— marks on earliest pieces,332—— —— Japanese wares imitated,336—— —— sales of,337,341—— —— claret colour on,338,340—— —— use of gold on,338—— —— rococo forms,339—— —— turquoise on,339—— —— statuettes,340—— —— models of birds and fruit,340—— —— marks on,342Cheng-hua (1464-87), use of date-mark,82—— enamelled ware,86—— porcelain of,93Cheng-tai enamels on copper,88,93Cheng-te (1505-21), porcelain of,94Cheng-tung (1435-49), double date-mark,93Cheyne Row called China Row,333‘Chicken cups’ of Cheng-hua,93Chicoineau family,240,282,284,288Chimie, in French soft pastes,280China collecting, ridicule attached to,61,243—— origin of English term,222—— clay.SeeKaolin.—— stone (see alsoPetuntse),9,10—— —— preparation of,16Chinese characters, varieties of,117-118—— porcelain exported to different countries,50—— —— influence of old traditions,51—— —— mistakes in early classification,52—— —— late origin compared to other arts,56—— —— survival of old types,58—— —— classification of,58,141—— —— old native accounts of,60—— —— composition of early wares,69—— —— plain white ware,141-144—— —— unglazed ware,144—— stonewares,165-167—— trade with the West,209seq.Ching (blue), Julien’s wrong use of word,64noteChing-tsu, Chinese term for celadon,64Chini, Persian word for china or porcelain,49note,222Christian subjects on Chinese and Japanese porcelain,133,182Chromium, as a source of green,304,309Chün yao, early Chinese ware,65,152—— —— numbers engraved on,66Church Gresley porcelain,371Church, Prof., on composition of porcelain,5,69,241,338,343,370,384Ciron, Ciquaire, at Chantilly,285‘Clair-de-lune’ glaze (yueh-pai),105,148Clignancourt, Paris, factory at,313Cloisonné enamels on Japanese porcelain,203Coalport or Coalbrookdale porcelain,366Cobalt blue, sources of that used by Chinese,40,75note,92—— —— how prepared by Chinese,130—— —— grounds of Chinese,148Coloured pastes,40,311Colours used in decoration of porcelain (see alsoEnamels),39—— resistance to fire,41Condé, house of, and Chantilly,285-287Constantin, painter on porcelain,271Contemporary porcelain,387-394—— —— use of new colours and glazes,389-390Cookworthy, William,375-380—— —— search for china-clay,376-377Copenhagen, porcelain made at,274—— contemporary work,388,393—— Japanese influence,388Copper-red under glaze,80,130—— —— examples in British Museum,81—— —— of Hsuan-te,92Copper-red glazes on Chinese porcelain,150-154Coral-red grounds on Chinese porcelain,115Cornflower orbarbeauon porcelain,313,355Cornwall, search for materials for porcelain,359,376-378Cottage china made at Bristol,382Courtille, La, Paris, factory at,313Couverte, French term for glaze,31Cozzi, makes porcelain at Venice,317Crackle ware, old Chinese (Ko yao),65—— —— Chinese, varieties of,45—— —— glazes of,145—— —— equivalent to Ko yao,145—— —— Korean,171Craft, Thomas, his punch-bowl,345-346‘Crazing’ of glazes,32‘Crow-claws,’ term explained,29—— marks of, on Japanese porcelain,191‘Crusader’s Cup’ at Dresden,77,152,217Danish porcelain,273,388,393Darwin, Dr., letter to Wedgwood,378Date-marks on Chinese porcelain,82—— —— method of reckoning,91note—— —— cyclical,110note—— —— two systems,118—— —— how written,118—— —— earliest example,119—— —— those of Kang-he rare,119—— —— on Sèvres porcelain,302Dauphin, collector of Oriental porcelain,230Decoration of porcelain, Tang-ying’s principles,112Dégourdi, Feu, term explained,26Delft ware, early imitations of Chinese porcelain in,224—— —— competition with Chinese porcelain,234—— —— in England,240Demi grand feu, term explained,59—— —— glazes of,98—— —— ware of,79,106Derby biscuit, or bisque,353-354—— porcelain,350-357—— —— little known of early period,351—— —— sold in London,351—— —— degenerate patterns,355—— —— ‘old Japan’ copied,355—— —— marks on,356Dietrich, ‘professor of painting’ at Meissen,256Dillwyn, L. W., at Swansea,367-368Doccia, near Florence, porcelain factory at,320-322—— Chinese white ware and Capo di Monte porcelain imitated,321—— contemporary work,394Dresden, Chinese porcelain at,161—— Ethnographical Museum, Chinese porcelain from various lands,211—— Oriental porcelain presented by Grand Duke of Tuscany,228—— collection of porcelain,227,245—— approximate date of bulk of specimens,228—— porcelain.SeeMeissen porcelain.Duesbury, William,341,342,349,350-352,356—— and Longton Hall,349Duesbury’s work-book, quotations from,350-351Duplessis, the king’s goldsmith, at Sèvres,291,296Dutch dealers supply Augustus of Saxony with porcelain,228—— painters, Chinese porcelain in their pictures,159—— trade with China,220—— —— with Japan,183-184Dwight, Dr., attempts to make porcelain at Fulham,240-241—— —— nature of the paste made by him,241—— Lydia, stoneware figure of,242Earthenware, term used to include porcelain,334noteEgg-shell porcelain,107Egypt, Chinese porcelain found in,158,211,212,215,216Egyptian fayence and glazes,33Eisen-porzellanof Böttger,248Empress-Dowager of China a connoisseur of porcelain,115-116Enamel colours on Meissen porcelain,251-252Enamelled fayence compared with porcelain,73—— porcelain, Saracenic origin of,87,88Enamelled porcelain of Ming dynasty,86-91,161—— —— three classes,90Enamels, always superimposed on glaze,31—— relation to subjacent glaze,45—— on European porcelain,45—— on Chinese porcelain,45-48—— on Japanese porcelain,192—— firing of,46—— new sources of colour,48—— —— at Sèvres,309—— on copper, influence on porcelain enamels,88Encastage, term explained,28England, how Chinese porcelain first reached,219,221,223—— early attempts to make porcelain in,240-242English porcelain, rival influence of Sèvres and Dresden,328—— —— copies Oriental and Continental models,328—— —— three types of soft-paste,330—— —— royal patronage,329,335,356—— —— divided into five periods,331—— —— contemporary work,390-391—— trade with East,221Engobe.SeeSlip.D’Entrecolles, Père, his letters, how written,126—— —— reception of letters in Europe,126—— —— summary of letters,127-136European enamelling on white Chinese porcelain,165—— influence on Chinese porcelain,109,135,159,162—— market, Chinese porcelain for,163-164—— porcelain, early attempts at manufacture,235-243Façonnage, or shaping,20Falconet, his models used at Sèvres,296Famille rose,106-110—— —— European influence on painting,109Famille verte,98-102—— —— with black ground,100—— —— relation to Ming enamels,100Favorite, La, near Baden, porcelain cabinet,227Fawkner, Sir Everard, and Chelsea porcelain,335-337Fayence, enamelled, competition with porcelain in seventeenth century,233—— —— practical disadvantages of,234Felspar,9,10—— decomposition of,10—— how far equivalent to china-stone,16note,251—— pure, used in Danish and Swedish porcelain,388,393Feng Ting ware, white Chinese porcelain,68,142Firing of porcelain, chemical reaction,11—— —— systems described,26,191—— —— at King-te-chen,133Fischer, Herr, at Herend,271,392Flambéglazes,42—— —— on Chinese porcelain,152—— —— firing of,152,153