Chapter 34

473.Schoolcraft, ‘Algic Res.’vol.i.pp.57-66. The story of the hero or deity invulnerable like Achilles save in one weak spot, recurs in the tales of the slaying of the Shining Manitu, whose scalp alone was vulnerable, and of the mighty Kwasind, who could be killed only by the cone of the white pine wounding the vulnerable place on the crown of his head (vol.i.p.153;vol.ii.p.163).

474.Taylor, ‘New Zealand,’p.363.

475.Stanbridge,l.c.; Charlevoix,vol.vi.p.148; Leems, ‘Lapland,’ in Pinkerton,vol.i.p.411. The name of the Bear occurring in North America in connexion with the stars of the Great and Little Bear (Charlevoix,l.c.; Cotton Mather in Schoolcraft, ‘Tribes,’vol.i.p.284) has long been remarked on (Goguet,vol.i.p.262;vol.ii.p.366, but with reference to Greenland, see Cranz,p.294). See observations on the history of the Aryan name in Max Müller, ‘Lectures,’2ndseries,p.361.

476.Casalis,p.196; Waitz,vol.ii.p.191.

477.Long’s Exp.vol.i.p.288; Schoolcraft, parti.p.272; Le Jeune in‘Rel. des Jés. de la Nouvelle France,’1634,p.18; Loskiel, parti.p.35;J. G.Müller,p.63.

478.Hanusch,pp.272, 407, 415.

479.Porphyr. de Antro Nympharum, 28; Macrob. de Somn. Scip. 1. 12.

480.Beausobre, ‘Hist. de Manichée,’vol.ii.p.513.

481.Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’vol.iii.p.341; ‘Chronique de Tabari,’tr.Dubeux,p.24; Grimm,‘D.M.’p.330, &c.

482.Chaucer, ‘House of Fame,’ii.427. With reference to questions of Aryan mythology illustrated by the savage galaxy-myths, see Pictet, ‘Origines,’ partii.p.582, &c. Mr.J.Jeremiah informs me that ‘Watling Street’ is still (1871) a name for the Milky Way in Scotland; see also his paper on ‘Welsh names of the Milky Way,’ PhilologicalSoc.,Nov.17, 1871. The corresponding name ‘London Road’ is used in Suffolk.

483.Yate, ‘New Zealand,’p.144, see Ellis, ‘Polyn. Res.’vol.ii.p.417.

484.Virg. Aeneid,i.56; Homer,Odyss.x.1.

485.Schoolcraft, ‘Algic Res.’vol.i.p.200;vol.ii.pp.122, 214; ‘Indian Tribes,’ partiii.p.324.

486.Brinton, ‘Myths of the New World,’ch.iii.

487.‘Rig-Veda,’tr.by Max Müller,vol.i.(Hymns to Maruts); Welcker, ‘Griech. Götterl.’vol.iii.p.67; Cox, ‘Mythology of Aryan Nations,’vol.ii.ch.v.

488.Grimm, ‘D. M.’pp.126, 599, 894; Hunt, ‘Pop. Rom.’1stser.p.xix.; Baring-Gould, ‘Book of Werewolves,’p.101; see ‘Myths of the Middle Ages,’p.25; Wuttke, ‘Deutsche Volksaberglaube,’pp.13, 236; Monnier, ‘Traditions,’pp.75, &c., 741, 747.

489.Pr. Max v. Wied,‘Reise in N. A.’vol.i.pp.446, 455;vol.ii.pp.152, 223; Sir Alex. Mackenzie, ‘Voyages,’p.cxvii.; Sproat, ‘Scenes of Savage Life’ (Vancouver’sI.),pp.177, 213; Irving, ‘Astoria,’vol.ii.ch.xxii.; Le Jeune, op. cit. 1634,p.26; Schoolcraft, ‘Indian Tribes,’ partiii.p.233, ‘Algic Res.’vol.ii.pp.114-6, 199; Catlin,vol.ii.p.164; Brasseur, ‘Popol Vuh,’p.71 and Index, ‘Hurakan;’J. G.Müller, ‘Amer.Urrel.’pp.222, 271; Ellis, ‘Polyn. Res.’vol.ii.p.417; Jno. Williams, ‘Missionary Enterprise,’p.93; Mason,l.c.p.217; Moffat, ‘South Africa,’p.338; Casalis, ‘Basutos,’p.266; Callaway, ‘Religion of Amazulu,’p.119.

490.Mariner, ‘Tonga Is.’vol.ii.p.120;S. S.Farmer, ‘Tonga,’p.135; Schirren,pp.35-7.

491.‘Journ.Ind. Archip.’vol.ii.p.837.

492.J. G.Müller, ‘Amer.Urrelig.’pp.61, 122.

493.Brasseur, ‘Mexique,’vol.iii.p.482.

494.Pouchet, ‘Plurality of Races,’p.2.

495.Steller, ‘Kamtschatka,’p.267.

496.Mason, ‘Karens,’l.c.p.182.

497.Bell, ‘Tr. in Asia,’ in Pinkerton,vol.vii.p.369; Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’vol.ii.p.168; Lane, ‘Thousand and one Nights,’vol.i.p.21; see Latham, ‘Descr. Eth.’vol.ii.p.171; Beausobre, ‘Manichée,’vol.i.p.243.

498.Edda, ‘Gylfaginning,’ 50; Grimm, ‘D. M.’p.777, &c.

499.Kaempfer, ‘Japan,’ in Pinkerton,vol.vii.p.684; see mammoth-myths in ‘Early Hist, of Mankind,’p.315.

500.Hamilton in ‘As. Res.’vol.ii.p.344; Colebrooke, ibid.vol.iv.p.385; Earl in ‘Journ.Ind. Archip.’vol.iii.p.682;vol.iv.p.9. See Renaudot, ‘Travels of Two Mahommedans,’ in Pinkerton,vol.vii.p.183.

501.F.Buckland, ‘Curiosities of Nat.Hist.’3rdseries,vol.ii.p.39.

502.Andrew Boorde, ‘Introduction of Knowledge,’ed.byF. J.Furnivall, EarlyEng.TextSoc.1870,p.133.

503.Ælian, De Nat. Animal,v.2, see 8.

504.Acta Sanctorum Bolland. Jan.xvi.

505.‘Acts of Peter and Paul,’trans.byA.Walker, in Ante-Nicene Library,vol.xvi.p.257;F. F.Tuckett in ‘Nature,’Oct.20, 1870. See Lyell, ‘Principles of Geology,’ch.xxx.; Phillips, ‘Vesuvius,’p.244.

506.Lane, ‘Thousand and OneN.’vol.i.pp.161, 217;vol.iii.p.78; Hole, ‘Remarks on the Ar.N.’p.104; Heinrich von Veldeck, ‘Herzog Ernst’s von Bayern Erhöhung, &c.’ed.Rixner, Amberg, 1830,p.65; see Ludlow, ‘Popular Epics of Middle Ages,’p.221.

507.Sir John Maundevile, ‘Voiage and Travaile.’

508.Sir Thomas Browne, ‘Vulgar Errours,’ii.3.

509.‘Mémoires conc. l’Hist., &c., des Chinois,’vol.iv.p.457. Compare the story of the magnetic (?) horseman in ‘Thousand and OneN.’vol.iii.p.119, with the old Chinese mention of magnetic cars with a movable-armed pointing figure,A. v.Humboldt, ‘Asie Centrale,’vol.i.p.xl.; Goguet,vol.iii.p.284. (The loadstone mountain has its power from a turning brazen horseman on the top.)

510.Brasseur, ‘Popol Vuh,’pp.23-31. Compare this Central American myth of the ancient senseless mannikins who become monkeys, with a Pottowatomi legend in Schoolcraft, ‘Indian Tribes,’ parti.p.320.

511.Dos Santos, ‘Ethiopia Oriental,’ Evora, 1609, parti.chap.ix.; Callaway, ‘Zulu Tales,’vol.i.p.177. See also Burton, ‘Footsteps inE.Afr.’p.274; Waitz, ‘Anthropologie,’vol.ii.p.178 (W.Afr.).

512.D’Orbigny,‘L’Homme Américain,’vol.ii.p.102.

513.Weil,‘Bibl. Leg. der Muselmänner,’p.267; Lane, ‘Thousand and OneN.’vol.iii.p.350; Burton, ‘El Medinah, &c.’vol.ii.p.343.

514.Ovid, ‘Metamm.’xiv.89-100; Welcker, ‘Griechische Götterlehre,’vol.iii.p.108.

515.Campbell in ‘Journ.As.Soc.Bengal,’ 1866, partii.p.132; Latham, ‘Descr. Eth.’vol.ii.p.456; Tod, ‘Annals of Rajasthan,’vol.i.p.114.

516.Bourien in ‘Tr. Eth.Soc.’vol.iii.p.73; see ‘Journ.Ind. Archip.’vol.ii.p.271.

517.Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’vol.iii.p.435; ‘Mensch,’vol.iii.pp.347, 349, 387, Koeppen,vol.ii.p.44;J. J.Schmidt,‘Völker Mittel-Asiens,’p.210.

518.Froebel, ‘Central America,’p.220; see Bosman, ‘Guinea,’ in Pinkerton,vol.xvi.p.401. For other traditions of human descent from apes, see Farrar, ‘Chapters on Language,’p.45.

519.Bosman, ‘Guinea,’p.440; Waitz,vol.ii.p.178; Cauche, ‘Relation de Madagascar,’p.127; Dobrizhoffer, ‘Abipones,’vol.i.p.288; Bastian, ‘Mensch,’vol.ii.p.44; Pouchet, ‘Plurality of Human Race,’p.22.

520.Monboddo, ‘Origin and Progress of Lang.’2nded.vol.i.p.277; Du Chaillu, ‘Equatorial Africa,’p.61;St.John, ‘Forests of Far East,’vol.i.p.17;vol.ii.p.239.

521.Max Müller in Bunsen, ‘Phil. Univ. Hist.’vol.i.p.340; ‘Journ.As. Soc. Bengal,’vol.xxiv.p.207. See Marsden in ‘As. Res.’vol.iv.p.226; Fitch in Pinkerton,vol.ix.p.415; Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’vol.i.p.465;vol.ii.p.201.

522.Ayeen Akbaree,trans.by Gladwin; ‘Report of Ethnological Committee Jubbulpore Exhibition, 1866-7,’ parti.p.3. See the mention of theban-manushin ‘Kumaon and Nepal,’ Campbell; ‘Ethnology of India,’ in ‘Journ.As.Soc.Bengal,’ 1866, partii.p.46.

523.Marsden, ‘Sumatra,’p.41.

524.Logan in ‘Journ.Ind. Archip.’vol.i.p.246;vol.iii.p.490; Thomson, ibid.vol.i.p.350; Crawfurd, ibid.vol.iv.p.186.

525.Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’vol.i.p.123;vol.iii.p.435.

526.Martius, ‘Ethnog.Amer.’vol.i.pp.425, 471.

527.Its analogue isbosjesbok, ‘bush-goat,’ the African antelope. The derivation of theBosjesman’sname from his nest-like shelter in a bush, given by Kolben and others since, is newer and far-fetched.

528.Martius,vol.i.p.50.

529.Humboldt and Bonpland,vol.v.p.81; Southey, ‘Brazil,’vol.i.p.xxx.; Bates, ‘Amazons,’vol.i.p.73;vol.ii.p.204.

530.Castelnau,‘Exp. dans l’Amér. du Sud,’vol.iii.p.118. See Martius,vol.i.pp.248, 414, 563, 633.

531.Petherick, ‘Egypt, &c.’p.367.

532.Southey, ‘Brazil,’vol.i.p.685; Martius,vol.i.pp.425, 633.

533.Krapf,p.142; Baker, ‘Albert Nyanza,’vol.i.p.83;St.John,vol.i.pp.51, 405; and others.

534.Lockhart, ‘Abor. of China,’ in ‘Tr. Eth.Soc.’vol.i.p.181.

535.‘Journ.Ind. Archip.’vol.ii.p.358;vol.iv.p.374; Cameron, ‘Malayan India,’p.120; Marsden,p.7; Antonio Galvano,pp.120, 218.

536.Davis, ‘Carthage,’p.230; Bostock and Riley’s Pliny (Bohn’sed.),vol.ii.p.134, note.

537.Francisque-Michel, ‘Races Maudites,’vol.i.p.17; ‘Argot,’p.349; Fernan Caballero, ‘La Gaviota,’vol.i.p.59.

538.Horne Tooke, ‘Diversions of Purley,’vol.i.p.397.

539.Baring-Gould, ‘Myths,’p.137.

540.Williams, ‘Fiji,’vol.i.p.252; Backhouse, ‘Austr.’p.557; Purchas,vol.iv.p.1290; De Laet,‘Novus Orbis,’p.543.

541.For various other stories of tailed men, see ‘As. Res.’vol.iii.p.149; ‘Mem. Anthrop.Soc.’vol.i.p.454; ‘Journ.Ind. Archip.’vol.iii.p.261, &c. (Nicobar Islands); Klemm, ‘C. G.’vol.ii.pp.246, 316 (Sarytschew Is.); ‘Letters of Columbus,’ HakluytSoc.p.11 (Cuba), &c., &c.

542.Details of monstrous tribes have been in past centuries specially collected in the following works: ‘Anthropometamorphosis: Man Transformed, or the Artificiall Changeling, &c.,’ scripsitJ. B.cognomento Chirosophus,M.D., London, 1653; Calovius,‘De Thaumatanthropologia, vera pariter atque ficta tractatus historico-physicus,’Rostock, 1685;J. A.Fabricius,‘Dissertatio de hominibus orbis nostri incolis, &c.,’Hamburg, 1721. Only a few principal references are here given.

543.Grimm, ‘D. M.’ch.xvii.xviii.; Nilsson, ‘Primitive Inhabitants of Scandinavia,’ch.vi.; Hanusch, ‘Slaw. Myth.’pp.230, 325-7; Wuttke,‘Volksabergl.’p.231.

544.‘Chronique de Tabari,’tr.Dubeux, parti.ch.viii.See Koran,xviii.92.

545.Pigafetta in Pinkerton,vol.xi.p.314. See Blumenbach,‘De Generis Humanæ Varietate;’Fitzroy, ‘Voy. of Adventure and Beagle,’vol.i.; Waitz, ‘Anthropologie,’vol.iii.p.488.

546.Knivet in Purchas,vol.iv.p.1231; compare Humboldt and Bonpland,vol.v.p.564, with Martius, ‘Ethnog.Amer.’p.424; see also Krapf, ‘East Africa,’p.51; Du Chaillu, ‘Ashango-land,’p.319.

547.‘EarlyHist.of Mankind,’ch.xi.; Hunt, ‘Pop. Rom.’1stseries,pp.18, 304.

548.Squier, ‘Abor. Monuments ofN. Y.’p.68; Long’s ‘Exp.’vol.i.pp.62, 275; Hersart de Villemarqué, ‘Chants Populaires de la Bretagne,’p.liv., 35; Meadows Taylor in ‘Journ.Eth.Soc.’vol.i.p.157.

549.Gul. de Rubruquis in Pinkerton,vol.vii.p.69; Lane, ‘Thousand and OneN.’vol.iii.pp.81, 91, see 24, 52, 97; Hole,p.63; Marco Polo, bookiii.ch.xii.

550.Benjamin of Tudela, ‘Itinerary,’ed.andtr.by Asher, 83; Plin.vii.2. See Max Müller in Bunsen ‘Philos. Univ. Hist.,’vol.i.pp.346, 358.

551.Plin.iv.27; Mela,iii.6; Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’vol.i.p.120;vol.ii.p.93;St.John,vol.ii.p.117; Marsden,p.53; Lane, ‘Thousand and OneN.’vol.iii.pp.92, 305; Petherick, ‘Egypt, &c.’p.367; Burton, ‘CentralAfr.’vol.i.p.235; Pedro Simon, ‘Indias Occidentales,’p.7.

552.Bastian, ‘Oestl. Asien,’ voli.p.133.

553.Marco Polo, bookiii.ch.xviii.

554.Ælian,iv.46; Plin.vi.35;vii.2. See for other versions, Purchas,vol.iv.p.1191;vol.v.p.901; Cranz,p.267; Lane, ‘Thousand and One Nights,’vol.iii.pp.36, 94, 97, 305; Davis, ‘Carthage,’p.230; Latham, ‘Descr. Eth.’vol.ii.p.83.

555.Plin.v.8;vi.24, 35;vii.2; Mela,iii.9; Herberstein in Hakluyt,vol.i.p.593; Latham, ‘Descr. Eth.’vol.i.p.483; Davis,l.c.; see ‘Early Hist. of Mankind,’p.77.

556.Plin.v.8; Lane,vol.i.p.33;vol.ii.p.377;vol.iii.p.81; Eisenmenger,vol.ii.p.559; Mandeville,p.243; Raleigh in Hakluyt,vol.iii.pp.652, 665; Humboldt and Bonpland,vol.v.p.176; Purchas,vol.iv.p.1285;vol.v.p.901; Isidor. Hispal.s.v.‘Acephali;’ Vambéry,p.310, seep.436.

557.Lane,vol.i.p.33; Callaway, ‘Zulu Tales,’vol.i.pp.199, 202. Virg. Æn.viii.194; a similar metaphor is the name of theNimchas, from Persian nim—half, ‘Journ.Eth.Soc.’vol.i.p.192,cf.Frenchdemi-monde. Compare the ‘one-legged’ tribes, Plin.vii.2; Schoolcraft, ‘Indian Tribes,’ partiii.p.521; Charlevoix,vol.i.p.25. The Australians use the metaphor ‘of one leg’ (matta gyn) to describe tribes as of one stock,G. F.Moore, ‘Vocab.’pp.5, 71.

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