398.Wax.
398.
Móm (Hind.,Duk.,Beng.,Punj.), Si'úth (Kash.), Mozhukka (Tam.), Máinam (Tel.), Mezhuka (Mal.), Ména (Can.,Mah.), Mín (Guz.), Ittí (Cing.), Phayoui (Burm.), Libu lubah (Malay).
399. Wax, obtainable of good quality in most bazaars, has no especial medicinal properties; it is, however, extensively used in the formation of ointments, plasters, &c., for the purpose of giving them consistence, and a mildly stimulant action. The following is stated to be an excellent stimulant application to "Blind Boils," so common at certain seasons in many parts of India; it is thought to bring them to a head sooner than any other remedy. Take of Indian Bdellium—Gúgul (Hind.,Punj.), Kánt-i-gun (Kash.), the gum resin of Balsamodendron Mukul(Hooker), and B. pubescens (Stocks)—Wax, and Sesamum oil, of each one ounce; melt together with a gentle heat, stirring well, and strain. A portion of this, spread on rag or lint, should be placed over each boil. It is also a good dressing for subsequentUlceration.
400.Cinchona Febrifuge, or Darjeeling Cinchona Alkaloid.This was really employed as a cheap substitute for Quinine.
400.
This was really employed as a cheap substitute for Quinine.
In 1875 Mr. Wood, the Government Quinologist, prepared from the bark of Cinchona succirubra and other species under cultivation at Darjeeling an alkaloid, or rather a mixture of alkaloids, which has received the provisional names of "Darjeeling Cinchona Alkaloid," and "Cinchona Febrifuge." A rough analysis shows that it contains: Quinine, 15·5; Cinchonidine, 29·0; Cinchonine, 33·5; Amorphous Alkaloid, 17·0; and Colouring Matter, 5·0 in 100 parts. It occurs in the form of a buff-coloured powder, of a peculiar disagreeable smell, and bitter, nauseous taste; insoluble in water, soluble in mineral and vegetable acids.
401. In the treatment ofIntermittent Feverthis remedy ranks next to Quinine, over which it possesses the advantage of being comparatively cheap, and, from its being manufactured in India, is within the reach of all. It has its disadvantages, however, being apt to create nausea, vomiting, with a burning sensation at the pit of the stomach, extending, in someinstances, to the throat, and occasionally diarrhœa. Like Quinine, if given in sufficient doses to produce its specific effect, it gives rise to headache, singing in the ears, giddiness, and other symptoms included under the term "Quinism;" but all these pass away on the discontinuance of the remedy, leaving no after ill effects. It is, in fact, a thoroughly safe and efficacious remedy in ordinary simple Intermittents, but its use is limited to these. In the severer forms and in Remittent Fevers it is not to be depended upon: here Quinine remains the sheet anchor. The dose is from 5 to 10 grains twice or thrice daily during the intermission or in anticipation of an expected paroxysm. Dilute Sulphuric Acid (one and a half minim to one grain of the alkaloid) is said to be the best solvent, but given with Dilute Hydrochloric or Citric Acid, its disagreeable taste and smell are partially masked, and hence is more easily borne. Fresh Lime Juice is recommended as an eligible vehicle for popular use.
402.In Debility after Feversit promises to be of great value as a tonic, given in small doses. It is worthy of a trial inEnlargement of the Spleenin combination with Sulphate of Iron (176). InNeuralgia,Faceache,Tic Douloureux, when assuming a periodical form, this remedy is well worthy of a fair trial. It should be given in full doses (10 grains) thrice daily for adults.
403. Closely allied to the foregoing is another form of collective Cinchona Alkaloids, to which its discoverer, Dr. de Vrij, has given the name ofQuinetum.It is said to represent the whole of the alkaloids in Cinchona succirubra bark in proportion of Quinine, 25; Cinchonidine, 50; and Cinchonine, 20 in 100 parts. Dr. Vinkhuysen, who tried it extensively in the treatment ofIntermittent Fevers, says that "Quinetum is of great value as a febrifuge, but that it takes longer to act, and will not replace Quinine in pernicious fever. It has the same apyretic effect as Quinine, but is less powerful; larger doses are therefore required at longer intervals before the paroxysms. It produces no ill effects, no noises in the ear, and can be taken by those who cannot take Quinine. It is more efficacious in chronic cases and as a tonic, whilst in masked malaria it is incomparably superior to Quinine." This statement is quoted from Sir Joseph Fayrer's valuable workOn the Climate and Fevers of India(London, 1882), and to it he (Sir Joseph) adds the expression of his own belief that "it is a very valuable drug." We learn from the same authority that it is now largely prepared in India. This being the case, and as it is less than half the price of Quinine, it may be regarded as an important addition to Indian Materia Medica. The dose is from 8 to 16 grains in diluted Lime Juice or other acidulated water.
404.Sugar.
404.
Shakar (Hind.,Duk.), Bhúra, Chiní (Beng.), Misri (Punj.), Sakkará, Sharukkarai (Tam.), Shakkara (Tel.), Sharkkara, Panjasára (Mal.), Síní, Sakkere (Cing.), Saghia or Tagiya (Burm.), Gúla (Mal.).
405. This article is not usually regarded as a medicine, but Dr. Aitchison in his valuable notes, points out how he has utilised it as such with excellent effect; and as it is procurable throughout the length and breadth of India, it seems well worthy of notice in this place. Only the best and purest kinds should be employed for medicinal purposes.
406. In all forms ofOphthalmia(Country Sore Eyes, &c.), Dr. A. states that he has found a solution of one drachm of Sugar in three drachms of Water dropped into the eye every hour or so, never fail to afford relief, and that generally, if applied early, cuts short the disease at once. This practice, he adds, he has followed for twelve years, and used nothing else. Children, according to his experience, will actually come and ask to have the remedy dropped into their eyes, so great is the relief it affords. At bedtime, in these cases, it is advisable to apply to the eyelashes a little sweet oil or grease, and the first thing in the morning carefully to wash the eyes with hot milk and water. This solution is also useful forremoving small foreign substances from the eye.
407.In Gonorrhœa and Vaginal Dischargesthe above solution is an excellent application, though not so uniformly useful as in Ophthalmia. In Gonorrhœa, it may be commenced with at once, the injections being repeated frequently during the day, in addition to general remedies; but in Vaginal discharges other remedies may be tried first. (SeeIndex.)
408. Sugar is an excellent dressing for certainforms ofFoul, Gangrenous looking Ulcers, the Sugar (white or refined) in grain being merely sprinkled over the sore, which under its use soon assumes a healthy appearance. As a drawing plaster forBoilsequal parts of Sugar and Yellow Soap, is an old remedy. (Dr. Aitchison.)
409.Petroleum. Rock Oil.
409.
Mittí-ká-tél (Hind.,Duk.), Mátiyá-tail (Beng.), Man-yenney, Man-tayilam (Tam.,Mal.), Manti-tayilam, Manti-núné (Tel.), Mannunyanné (Can.), Mattí-cha-téla (Mah.), Mattí-nu-tel (Guz.), Yé-ná (Burm.).
409a. Petroleum, a mineral oil, semi-liquid, somewhat of the consistence of treacle, tenacious, semi-transparent, of a deep sherry red or nearly opaque, tar-like brown, with a peculiar though not unpleasant aromatic odour and pungent acrid taste, exudes spontaneously from the rocks in volcanic regions, and collects on the surface of certain lakes in Persia, Burmah, Assam, and the islands on the Arracan Coast, as well as in Barbadoes, Trinidad, and other West Indian Islands. As a medicinal agent, it is a terebinthinate (turpentine-like) stimulant, and as such appears to act specially on the kidneys, increasing in a marked degree the urinary secretion. The dose is about half a fluid drachm (thirty drops) suspended in mucilage.
410. Petroleum is very generally employed by the Native practitioners externally as a stimulant inParalytic Affectionsand inChronic Rheumatism, and Dr. Fleming (Cat. p. 53), commenting on this, adds that he can, from his own experience, recommend it in the latter disease as an efficacious remedy, having derived more benefit from it than from the more costly Cajeput Oil, which he had previously used. A case ofBeri-berisuccessfully treated by it, externally and internally, is recorded by Mr. S. Arokeum (Madras Quart. Med. Journ., July 1863), but how far the recovery was due in this instance to the Petroleum seems doubtful. Still, it seems worthy of further trials in this obscure affection.
411.In Skin Diseases, it is a useful external application, and a case ofChronic Eczema, which had resisted a host of remedies cured by it, is recorded by Dr. J. W. Mudge (Indian Ann. of Med. Science, 1854, p. 450). He used it incorporated with Soap in the proportion of a drachm to an ounce.
412.As an Antiseptic agent in Surgical Practice, some trials have been made with it by Sir Joseph Fayrer (Indian Med. Gazette, Sept. 1869, p. 184), and he comes to the conclusion that it possesses some, if not all, the advantages assigned to Carbolic Acid in this character. He used it, pure or diluted, with equal parts of oil or glycerine; and he states that whilst it certainly has some deodorising power, it appeared also to have that of limiting suppuration and of restraining the development of septic miasmata in the discharges. He likewise found it useful as a stimulating and detergent application toSloughing and Ulcerated Surfaces, and in one case ofCarbuncleit proved most efficacious. It causes little inconvenience beyond slight smarting. "The evidence of its virtue," Sir J. Fayrer observes, "is as yet but limited, yet it is such as to suggest the advantage of making further trial of what may prove to be a valuable addition to our surgical resources, and it has the advantage of being produced in the country." The summaries of twenty cases are appended to illustrate the use of this hydrocarbon. It is to be hoped it will meet with further trials.
413.Kerosene Oil.A burning oil, refined from crude Petroleum.
413.
A burning oil, refined from crude Petroleum.
Pathar-ka-tél (Punj.).
414. Owing to the extensive use of this mineral Oil for lighting purposes during the past few years, it can now be obtained in nearly every bazaar in the country. According to the experience of Dr. Aitchison, no local remedy is so pre-eminently useful in allSkin Diseasesas this, especially when of a parasitic origin. It is comparatively of little use in syphilitic eruptions.
415. The oil may be employed pure when no large surface is involved, but if the disease to be treated extensively covers the body, it should be diluted with equal parts of sweet oil. Nothing can come up to it, he asserts, in removing anddestroying bugsfrom old wood. It is also said to be of use inremoving white ants.
416.In Itch, when of limited extent, after openingeach pustule, rub into the part carefully twice or thrice daily pure Kerosene Oil. If it be extensively diffused over the whole body, after thoroughly washing with soap and water, rub in a solution of equal parts of Kerosene and Sweet Oil. This, observes Dr. Aitchison, far surpasses the Sulphur treatment.In Ringwormit is sufficient to paint the affected spot with the pure oil twice or thrice daily.In Scalled Head, after cutting the hair as short as possible, apply a poultice to clean off the scab from the scalp, and then thoroughly saturate the cleansed surface with Kerosene Oil. During treatment the patient should wear an oil-skin cap. Oil alone, applied thus, adds Dr. Aitchison, will cure the disease, but Kerosene does it more quickly and effectually.Liceof all kinds are at once destroyed by rubbing Kerosene Oil into the parts they occupy, and are totally exterminated by two or three free applications. (Dr. Aitchison.)
417.Rock Salt.An impure Chloride of Sodium.
417.
An impure Chloride of Sodium.
Senda-lon, Senda-namak (Hind.,Duk.), Indúppú (Tam.,Tel.), Intúppa (Mal.), Nímak, Lun (Punj.).
418. Rock Salt occurs in large masses varying in weight from 2 or 3 to 8 or 10 lb.: dull or brownish-white externally, white and crystalline internally, of a pure saline taste; procurable in all large Indian bazaars at four or five annas per lb. Though known to be a mere variety of Chloride of Sodium (common salt) it is possessed of far stronger purgative properties,it is also stronger than Cream of Tartar; but like this, it is not a satisfactory cathartic given alone; in combination with other purgatives, however, it is equal if not superior to it, and may advantageously replace it in Kaladana and other officinal Powders. (Dr. Moodeen Sheriff.)
419.Mutton Broth and Beef Tea.
419.
Take a pound of meat, free from fat; chop it up fine, and let it stand for one hour in a pint of cold water. Then add half a dozen Okra (1) cut transversely, and boil at a gentle heat to half a pint; strain and flavour with salt and pepper to taste. It should be freshly prepared daily.
420.Chicken Broth.
420.
This is prepared in the same manner as the preceding, a full-grown fowl being substituted for the pound of meat. The two essential points to be attended to being that the flesh is cut small or well bruised, and that it stands for an hour in cold water previous to being put on the fire. Half-grown fowls will answer for children. Like the preceding, it should be prepared fresh daily.
421.Raw Meat Juice.
421.
The juice of raw meat is an invaluable remedy in sickness, more especially in the many diseases of the intestinal canal from which Europeans suffer in Indian,whether during infancy or in adult life. For obtaining this juice any meat will do, but beef is to be preferred. From a piece, say, a pound in weight, remove all the fat; then mince the meat; after which cover the mince with as much water as it will absorb in four or five minutes; then reduce the soft mass into a pulp in a mortar by means of a pestle. Pass this pulp through a cloth forcibly: the fluid which passes through the cloth is meat juice. Children will take this readily without any addition being made to it. Adults, however, frequently cannot do so, owing to its peculiar raw odour. In such cases it can be made palatable by the addition of a little salt, sometimes sherry, Worcester sauce, or even a little acid jelly; but whatever is done to this juice to make it palatable, on no account add mineral acids, or cook it, as in both cases the albumen of the juice becomes coagulated, making it less digestible. Where ice is procurable, meat in this form can be conveniently kept fresh for more than forty-eight hours. Where ice cannot be obtained, and the climate is at summer heat, the juice should be extracted from the meat fresh each time it is to be given. (Dr. Aitchison.)
422.Rice Milk.
422.
Boil one table-spoonful of ground Rice with a pint and a half of Milk, or equal parts of milk and water; stir it smooth, and boil for two minutes; flavour with sugar and nutmeg. A very nourishing food for children.
423.Arrowroot.
423.
Take a table-spoonful of the best Arrowroot, and make it into a thin paste with a little water; then add gradually half a pint of boiling water, stirring it the whole time. Put it on the fire for two or three minutes, still continuing to stir it till the whole is uniformly mixed; then remove it from the fire and add grated nutmeg, sugar, &c., to taste. If made with milk instead of water, it is more nourishing, but when the stomach is weak it sometimes disagrees, and then water is preferable. It should be prepared fresh when required.
424.Sago.
424.
Add a table-spoonful of the best Sago to a pint of Water, and let it stand for two hours, then boil for a quarter of an hour, stirring the whole time, till it forms a clear uniform jelly. Remove from the fire, and flavour with sugar, nutmeg, &c.
425.Pish-Pash.(Puss-Pass).
425.
(Puss-Pass).
This is a regular Indian dish for invalids, and consists of fresh meat cooked amongst rice. Usually a chicken is cut up into small pieces, put into the bottom of a small pan, to which are added three table-spoonfuls of rice, well cleaned, and over the whole is poured two breakfast-cupfuls of cold water. This is now allowed to cook over a slow fire for three or four hours. Spices and salt, of course, can be added during the cooking process. If the patient isextremely ill the rice part alone is used, which has absorbed nearly the whole of the strength of the meat. Besides being given to invalids, this is a common diet amongst European children in India (Dr. Aitchison).
426.Brandy Mixture.
426.
Take of Brandy and of Water each four table-spoonfuls, the yolks of two eggs, and half an ounce of powdered white sugar. Beat the yolks and sugar well together, then add the spirit and water, and flavour with grated cinnamon or nutmeg.
This is a valuable stimulant and restorative in the low forms and advanced stages ofFever,Smallpox,Measles,Exhausting Hæmorrhages,Cholera, and other cases where the vital powers are greatly depressed. The dose for adults is from one to three table-spoonfuls repeated according to circumstances; for children from a teaspoonful to a table-spoonful according to age or the urgency of the symptoms.
427.In Delirium Tremensthis is one of the best forms of stimulant, combining as it does nutritive with stimulant properties; indeed, when other food is rejected, the proportion of eggs may be doubled or trebled. In the young and vigorous, and in first attacks, all alcoholic drinks may be safely and strictly withheld, but should there be a great craving for drink, Omum water (320) may be tried, as it is said to relieve this condition. In the old debilitated confirmed drinker, however, stimulants become a necessity,and Brandy Mixture in doses of one to two ounces may be given at stated intervals as required, but the patient should not be allowed to sip it, or take it occasionally as he thinks fit.
428.White Wine Whey.
428.
Take one pint of fresh Milk, add Mace, Nutmeg and Cinnamon, with Sugar to taste. Put it on a clear slow fire, stirring until the milk is on the point of boiling over. Then take it off, and throw in one or two wineglassfuls of Sherry or Madeira. Put it on the fire again, stirring it gently one way until it curdles; then remove, and strain through cloth or muslin. This taken at bedtime, the patient being well covered with clothes, so as to produce copious perspiration, has often an excellent effect in arresting incipient attacks ofCatarrh,Influenza,&c.
429.Egg Wine.
429.
Beat up one Egg (both yolk and white) with a table-spoonful of cold Water. On this pour a mixture of a glass of Sherry and half a glass of water previously heated together (not boiling), stirring all the time. Then sweeten with white sugar, and add a little grated nutmeg, to taste. Taken in this form it is more digestible, but its flavour is improved by heating the ingredients in a clean saucepan over a gentle fire (not to boiling), stirring them one way till they thicken. This, with a small piece of toast or biscuit, may be advantageously taken by invalids twice daily, or as occasion requires.
430.Strengthening Jelly.
430.
Steep two ounces of Isinglass or Prepared Gelatine, one ounce of Gum Arabic, five ounces of Sugar Candy, and a grated Nutmeg in a bottle of Port wine all night. In the morning, simmer over a slow fire till quite dissolved; then strain and set aside in a cool place till it forms a firm jelly. A piece the size of a nutmeg may be taken five or six times a day. This jelly is admirably suited for cases of debility when the stomach is unable to bear animal food.
The numbers have reference to the paragraphs; the asterisk(*)denotes those most deserving of attention.
Abdomen, Flatulent Distension of.SeeFlatulence.
SeeFlatulence.
Abortion.Use Vinegar externally and internally (379); if great restlessness or pain is present, give Opium (289); if the hæmorrhage continue unabated, apparently from want of power in the uterus to contract, try Borax and Cinnamon (58), or administer a Turpentine enema (364). In cases where there is much hæmorrhage, which does not abate under the above means, the Acetate of Lead and Opium Pills advised forHæmorrhage, Internal, may be given with signal advantage. With these exceptions, let nature complete her work by herself; more harm than good may result from meddlesome interference. Perfect rest of mind and body, a strictly recumbent posture in a cool, well-ventilated apartment, and careful avoidance of all stimulant articles of diet and mental excitement, are essentials to successful treatment.Threatened Abortion from a fall, over-exertion, &c., may sometimes be averted by a dose of Opium (289), and strict attention to the above hygienic rules. See alsoHæmorrhage, Internal.
Use Vinegar externally and internally (379); if great restlessness or pain is present, give Opium (289); if the hæmorrhage continue unabated, apparently from want of power in the uterus to contract, try Borax and Cinnamon (58), or administer a Turpentine enema (364). In cases where there is much hæmorrhage, which does not abate under the above means, the Acetate of Lead and Opium Pills advised forHæmorrhage, Internal, may be given with signal advantage. With these exceptions, let nature complete her work by herself; more harm than good may result from meddlesome interference. Perfect rest of mind and body, a strictly recumbent posture in a cool, well-ventilated apartment, and careful avoidance of all stimulant articles of diet and mental excitement, are essentials to successful treatment.Threatened Abortion from a fall, over-exertion, &c., may sometimes be averted by a dose of Opium (289), and strict attention to the above hygienic rules. See alsoHæmorrhage, Internal.
Abscess.In the early stage apply Hot Water Fomentations (393); if there be much inflammation and pain, apply Leeches (212), and keep constantly to the part a solution of Sal Ammoniac (325), or Evaporating Lotion (380). If matter forms, apply Rice Poultices (322); when it comes so near the surface that it can be felt fluctuating under the finger the abscess should be opened with a lancet at the most prominent point; and after the matter has been evacuated by gentle pressure, the Rice Poultices should be continued, and changed twice or thrice daily. Should the pain be so great as to prevent sleep, a dose of Opium (283) or Tincture of Datura (128) at bedtime is advisable. Should the discharge be profuse and the patient weak, support the strength with a liberal diet and tonics, as Chiretta (98, 99), or Country Sarsaparilla (163), or Ním Bark (260). N.B.—Abscesses in the neck should be opened only by a doctor, or by one who is conversant with the anatomy of the part.
In the early stage apply Hot Water Fomentations (393); if there be much inflammation and pain, apply Leeches (212), and keep constantly to the part a solution of Sal Ammoniac (325), or Evaporating Lotion (380). If matter forms, apply Rice Poultices (322); when it comes so near the surface that it can be felt fluctuating under the finger the abscess should be opened with a lancet at the most prominent point; and after the matter has been evacuated by gentle pressure, the Rice Poultices should be continued, and changed twice or thrice daily. Should the pain be so great as to prevent sleep, a dose of Opium (283) or Tincture of Datura (128) at bedtime is advisable. Should the discharge be profuse and the patient weak, support the strength with a liberal diet and tonics, as Chiretta (98, 99), or Country Sarsaparilla (163), or Ním Bark (260). N.B.—Abscesses in the neck should be opened only by a doctor, or by one who is conversant with the anatomy of the part.
Acidity of the Stomach.SeeStomach, Acidity of.
SeeStomach, Acidity of.
Acids, Poisoning with.Give copious draughts of Lime Water (228) and milk, or, if this be not at hand, soap and water, or chalk, or the plaster of the apartment beaten up with water. RiceConjee(322) and other mucilaginous drinks, white of eggs, or draughtscontaining any bland oil, should be given freely. Much of the success in these cases depends upon the promptitude with which the remedies are applied.
Give copious draughts of Lime Water (228) and milk, or, if this be not at hand, soap and water, or chalk, or the plaster of the apartment beaten up with water. RiceConjee(322) and other mucilaginous drinks, white of eggs, or draughtscontaining any bland oil, should be given freely. Much of the success in these cases depends upon the promptitude with which the remedies are applied.
Ague.SeeFever, Intermittent.
SeeFever, Intermittent.
Ague Cake.SeeSpleen, Enlargement of.
SeeSpleen, Enlargement of.
Albuminuria.Try Alum (27).
Try Alum (27).
Amenorrhœa.SeeMenstrual Discharge, Suspended.
SeeMenstrual Discharge, Suspended.
Anus, Prolapsus of.SeeBowel, Descent of.
SeeBowel, Descent of.
Aphthæ, or Aphthous Ulceration.SeeMouth, Ulceration of.
SeeMouth, Ulceration of.
Apoplexy.If the patient is young and vigorous, pour cold water from a height on the head and spine as directed in 386. Keep Evaporating Lotion (380) to the head; give a Croton Pill (120), or if the patient is unable to swallow, place a drop or two of Croton Oil (121) at the back of the tongue. Apply Turpentine Stupes (363) or Mustard Poultices to the feet and calves. Should the insensibility continue, give a Turpentine enema (364). For the old and debilitated, and for natives generally, a little Brandy Mixture (426), or other stimulant judiciously given, offers a better prospect of success thanbloodletting, which should never be had recourse to except under medical supervision.
If the patient is young and vigorous, pour cold water from a height on the head and spine as directed in 386. Keep Evaporating Lotion (380) to the head; give a Croton Pill (120), or if the patient is unable to swallow, place a drop or two of Croton Oil (121) at the back of the tongue. Apply Turpentine Stupes (363) or Mustard Poultices to the feet and calves. Should the insensibility continue, give a Turpentine enema (364). For the old and debilitated, and for natives generally, a little Brandy Mixture (426), or other stimulant judiciously given, offers a better prospect of success thanbloodletting, which should never be had recourse to except under medical supervision.
Appetite, Loss of.First try Chiretta (98, 99*); should this fail, give one of the following: Sweet FlagRoot (12), Country Sarsaparilla (163), Ním Bark (260), or Gulancha (352). Stomachics, as Capsicum (79), Cinnamon (102), or Cloves (105), may be advantageously combined with them, care being taken at the same time to regulate the bowels.
First try Chiretta (98, 99*); should this fail, give one of the following: Sweet FlagRoot (12), Country Sarsaparilla (163), Ním Bark (260), or Gulancha (352). Stomachics, as Capsicum (79), Cinnamon (102), or Cloves (105), may be advantageously combined with them, care being taken at the same time to regulate the bowels.
Arsenic, Poisoning with.As speedily as possible empty the stomach by an emetic of Sulphate of Copper (117) or Mustard (246), and then give copious draughts of white of eggs beaten up in milk, or a mixture of equal parts of Lime Water and Sesamum, Cocoa-nut, or other bland oil. Powdered Sugar has been advised in these cases, but if of any service, it can only act like the preceding mixtures, mechanically, by enveloping the particles of the poison; this remark applies also to Powdered Charcoal, which has also been well spoken of. When the vomiting has abated, give a full dose of Castor Oil (83) to carry off any of the poison which may have passed into the intestines, and this may be repeated every day for two or three days. Should there be great exhaustion, a little stimulant, as Brandy Mixture (426), may be given, and a dose of Opium may be advisable, to subdue any subsequent great pain and restlessness.
As speedily as possible empty the stomach by an emetic of Sulphate of Copper (117) or Mustard (246), and then give copious draughts of white of eggs beaten up in milk, or a mixture of equal parts of Lime Water and Sesamum, Cocoa-nut, or other bland oil. Powdered Sugar has been advised in these cases, but if of any service, it can only act like the preceding mixtures, mechanically, by enveloping the particles of the poison; this remark applies also to Powdered Charcoal, which has also been well spoken of. When the vomiting has abated, give a full dose of Castor Oil (83) to carry off any of the poison which may have passed into the intestines, and this may be repeated every day for two or three days. Should there be great exhaustion, a little stimulant, as Brandy Mixture (426), may be given, and a dose of Opium may be advisable, to subdue any subsequent great pain and restlessness.
Asthma.To relieve the severity of a paroxysm, try one or more of the following: Turpentine Stupes (362*), or Hot Water Fomentations to the chest (393), Camphor (70*), or Asafœtida (37) internally, and the inhalation of the fumes of Nitre Paper (268*) or of Datura (129*). A cup of hot, strong, milkless, sugarless Coffeecafé noir, drunk as hot as can be borne,sometimes gives great relief. Daily sponging the chest with Vinegar is thought to act in a measure as a preventive (378). A better preventive is the careful regulation of diet. Many a fit of asthma can be clearly traced to a hot supper, or some other error of diet.
To relieve the severity of a paroxysm, try one or more of the following: Turpentine Stupes (362*), or Hot Water Fomentations to the chest (393), Camphor (70*), or Asafœtida (37) internally, and the inhalation of the fumes of Nitre Paper (268*) or of Datura (129*). A cup of hot, strong, milkless, sugarless Coffeecafé noir, drunk as hot as can be borne,sometimes gives great relief. Daily sponging the chest with Vinegar is thought to act in a measure as a preventive (378). A better preventive is the careful regulation of diet. Many a fit of asthma can be clearly traced to a hot supper, or some other error of diet.
Atrophy, or Wasting of the Body.Try Fish Liver Oil (142), with tonics, as Chiretta (98, 99), and change of air.
Try Fish Liver Oil (142), with tonics, as Chiretta (98, 99), and change of air.
Bed Sores.To prevent these, bathe the parts daily with a solution of Camphor in spirit (75), or with Brandy or Eau de Cologne, or apply Alum and White of Egg (31*), and relieve the local pressure as much as possible by change of position, &c. A small circular pillow with a hollow centre (just like the pads worn by thecoolieson their heads in carrying weights, only thinner) is most useful for this purpose. Should a sore form notwithstanding, it should be treated as an ordinary ulcer. SeeUlcer.
To prevent these, bathe the parts daily with a solution of Camphor in spirit (75), or with Brandy or Eau de Cologne, or apply Alum and White of Egg (31*), and relieve the local pressure as much as possible by change of position, &c. A small circular pillow with a hollow centre (just like the pads worn by thecoolieson their heads in carrying weights, only thinner) is most useful for this purpose. Should a sore form notwithstanding, it should be treated as an ordinary ulcer. SeeUlcer.
Beri-beri.Petroleum (410).
Petroleum (410).
Bish (Aconite Root), Poisoning with.Strong stimulants, as Brandy and Ammonia; Cold Water Affusion (386), and persistent friction of the limbs and spine, appear to offer the best chance of success. Decoction of Galls (152) has been advised as an antidote. Strong hot Coffee,café noir, is worth a trial, if the patient can swallow.
Strong stimulants, as Brandy and Ammonia; Cold Water Affusion (386), and persistent friction of the limbs and spine, appear to offer the best chance of success. Decoction of Galls (152) has been advised as an antidote. Strong hot Coffee,café noir, is worth a trial, if the patient can swallow.
Bites, Venomous, and Stings, e.g., of Centipedes, Scorpions, Wasps.All that is required in ordinary ormild cases, after immediate suction of the bite, is application of Vinegar (380), or Alum (32), or a strong solution of salt and water. Inunction of warm oil has been highly recommended. If Ipecacuanha is at hand, a small portion of it made into a thick paste with a few drops of water, and locally applied, is said in many instances to afford great and immediate relief. Brown Sugar is said to be specially useful inWasp Stings. Soda is also said speedily to relieve the pain in these cases. Should the symptoms be severe, as is sometimes the case, Liquor Ammoniæ and stimulants, as advised for Snake Bites (Appendix B), should be given.
All that is required in ordinary ormild cases, after immediate suction of the bite, is application of Vinegar (380), or Alum (32), or a strong solution of salt and water. Inunction of warm oil has been highly recommended. If Ipecacuanha is at hand, a small portion of it made into a thick paste with a few drops of water, and locally applied, is said in many instances to afford great and immediate relief. Brown Sugar is said to be specially useful inWasp Stings. Soda is also said speedily to relieve the pain in these cases. Should the symptoms be severe, as is sometimes the case, Liquor Ammoniæ and stimulants, as advised for Snake Bites (Appendix B), should be given.
Bladder, Painful Affections and Irritable States of.Are best relieved by Opium (286*), the free use of demulcents, as the Decoctions of Abelmoschus (2), Ispaghúl seeds (305), or RiceConjee(322), and the use of the Hip Bath (392). The Extract of Gulancha (353) seems well worthy of a trial, especially inChronic Inflammation of the Bladder.
Are best relieved by Opium (286*), the free use of demulcents, as the Decoctions of Abelmoschus (2), Ispaghúl seeds (305), or RiceConjee(322), and the use of the Hip Bath (392). The Extract of Gulancha (353) seems well worthy of a trial, especially inChronic Inflammation of the Bladder.
Bleeding.SeeHæmorrhage.
SeeHæmorrhage.
Blows.SeeSprains.
SeeSprains.
Boils.Are to be treated much in the same way as Abscesses, by Hot Water Fomentations (393), Sal Ammoniac Lotion (332), and Rice Poultices (322). Leeches (212) are rarely necessary, unless there should be much pain and inflammation. Decoction of Country Sarsaparilla (163) may be given internally if there isany constitutional disturbance. A popular and useful "drawing plaster" is a compound of equal weights of Brown Sugar and English Yellow Soap; a still better one is the ointment described in paragraph 399; a portion of either of these spread on rag should be applied over each boil.Rajah Boil.SeeCarbuncle.
Are to be treated much in the same way as Abscesses, by Hot Water Fomentations (393), Sal Ammoniac Lotion (332), and Rice Poultices (322). Leeches (212) are rarely necessary, unless there should be much pain and inflammation. Decoction of Country Sarsaparilla (163) may be given internally if there isany constitutional disturbance. A popular and useful "drawing plaster" is a compound of equal weights of Brown Sugar and English Yellow Soap; a still better one is the ointment described in paragraph 399; a portion of either of these spread on rag should be applied over each boil.Rajah Boil.SeeCarbuncle.
Bones, Scrofulous Affections of.Give Fish Liver Oil (138).
Give Fish Liver Oil (138).
Bowel, Lower, Descent of.The protruded part having been carefully washed, should be replaced by gentle pressure with the hand: should there be any difficulty in doing this, the forefinger well oiled should be pushed up into the anus; and it will, unless the parts be greatly swollen, carry the protruded part in with it. The patient should then remain quiet for some hours in a recumbent posture, and apply cloths saturated with Decoction of Galls (147), or Babúl Bark (9), holding Alum (25*) in solution. Subsequently enemas of the above solutions, or others containing Sulphate of Iron (179), act usefully in constringing the parts and preventing a return of the accident. In weak, debilitated subjects, Confection of Pepper (300) proves very serviceable. The bowels should be kept open by mild aperients, of which Sulphur and Cream of Tartar (344) is by far the best. All straining at stool should be carefully avoided. A person subject to this accident should wear a pad to keep the parts up.
The protruded part having been carefully washed, should be replaced by gentle pressure with the hand: should there be any difficulty in doing this, the forefinger well oiled should be pushed up into the anus; and it will, unless the parts be greatly swollen, carry the protruded part in with it. The patient should then remain quiet for some hours in a recumbent posture, and apply cloths saturated with Decoction of Galls (147), or Babúl Bark (9), holding Alum (25*) in solution. Subsequently enemas of the above solutions, or others containing Sulphate of Iron (179), act usefully in constringing the parts and preventing a return of the accident. In weak, debilitated subjects, Confection of Pepper (300) proves very serviceable. The bowels should be kept open by mild aperients, of which Sulphur and Cream of Tartar (344) is by far the best. All straining at stool should be carefully avoided. A person subject to this accident should wear a pad to keep the parts up.
Chronic Descent of the Bowel in Children.May befrequently cured by making the child, when at stool, sit on a seat sufficiently high, so that its feet cannot touch the ground or have other support. (Dr. Aitchison.)
May befrequently cured by making the child, when at stool, sit on a seat sufficiently high, so that its feet cannot touch the ground or have other support. (Dr. Aitchison.)
Bowels, Spasmodic, and other Painful Affections of.Mild cases generally yield to Omum Water (318*), Lemon Grass Oil (216), or the Infusions of Ginger (155), Dill Seeds (134), or Cloves (105), with or without a single dose of Opium (284). Severe cases require the repetition of the Opium (284) in Omum Water, &c., together with either Hot Water Fomentations (393), Mustard Poultices (251), or Turpentine Stupes (362) externally to the abdomen; followed in protracted cases by an enema of Turpentine (364), or Asafœtida (36). In all cases a dose of Castor Oil is advisable when the pain has abated.In Children.SeeColic.For Irregularity of the Bowels, try Bael Sherbet (45);in that of Children, Decoction of Kariyát Leaves (193).Constipation of.SeeConstipation.Bleeding from.SeeHæmorrhage.
Mild cases generally yield to Omum Water (318*), Lemon Grass Oil (216), or the Infusions of Ginger (155), Dill Seeds (134), or Cloves (105), with or without a single dose of Opium (284). Severe cases require the repetition of the Opium (284) in Omum Water, &c., together with either Hot Water Fomentations (393), Mustard Poultices (251), or Turpentine Stupes (362) externally to the abdomen; followed in protracted cases by an enema of Turpentine (364), or Asafœtida (36). In all cases a dose of Castor Oil is advisable when the pain has abated.In Children.SeeColic.For Irregularity of the Bowels, try Bael Sherbet (45);in that of Children, Decoction of Kariyát Leaves (193).Constipation of.SeeConstipation.Bleeding from.SeeHæmorrhage.
Breast, Abscess of, in Women.SeeMilk Abscess.
SeeMilk Abscess.
Breathing, Difficulty of, occurring without evident cause or in connection with a cold.Sometimes yields to Camphor and Asafœtida Pills (70), and Turpentine Stupes (362), or Mustard Poultices (247) to the chest. Great relief, especially in the case of children, is often derived from external application of Betal Leaves (48), or bags of hot salt. See alsoCough.
Sometimes yields to Camphor and Asafœtida Pills (70), and Turpentine Stupes (362), or Mustard Poultices (247) to the chest. Great relief, especially in the case of children, is often derived from external application of Betal Leaves (48), or bags of hot salt. See alsoCough.
Bronchitis, Chronic.Decoction of Sweet Flag (13), Country Ipecacuanha (370), Asafœtida (37), and Fish Liver Oil (140) internally, with Rice Poultices (322), Croton Liniment (122), and Turpentine Stupes (362) externally, may be used with advantage. The inhalation of the vapour of hot Decoction of Abelmoschus (2) is also serviceable. The temperature of the apartment should be kept as uniform as possible. For the relief of a paroxysm of cough, the fumes of burning Nitre Paper (268) are worthy of a trial in all cases. A blister to the chest often affords great relief.
Decoction of Sweet Flag (13), Country Ipecacuanha (370), Asafœtida (37), and Fish Liver Oil (140) internally, with Rice Poultices (322), Croton Liniment (122), and Turpentine Stupes (362) externally, may be used with advantage. The inhalation of the vapour of hot Decoction of Abelmoschus (2) is also serviceable. The temperature of the apartment should be kept as uniform as possible. For the relief of a paroxysm of cough, the fumes of burning Nitre Paper (268) are worthy of a trial in all cases. A blister to the chest often affords great relief.
Bronchocele.SeeGoitre.
SeeGoitre.
Bruises.SeeSprains.
SeeSprains.
Buboes.Often subside under a non-stimulant diet, perfect rest in the recumbent posture, and the continued application of Sal Ammoniac Lotion (332), the bowels being at the same time carefully regulated. Should matter form, treat as Abscess (which see). Should ulceration result, apply Borax Lotion (59), Resin Ointment (372), &c., as advised for ulcers. "Buboes, especially of the groin, when not in an inflamed condition, are often immensely benefited by having a smooth stone of two pounds weight or thereabout, laid over them; this rapidly causes absorption." (Dr. Aitchison.)
Often subside under a non-stimulant diet, perfect rest in the recumbent posture, and the continued application of Sal Ammoniac Lotion (332), the bowels being at the same time carefully regulated. Should matter form, treat as Abscess (which see). Should ulceration result, apply Borax Lotion (59), Resin Ointment (372), &c., as advised for ulcers. "Buboes, especially of the groin, when not in an inflamed condition, are often immensely benefited by having a smooth stone of two pounds weight or thereabout, laid over them; this rapidly causes absorption." (Dr. Aitchison.)
Burning of the Feet in Natives.Apply Henna or Mhíndí Poultice (197) locally, and try Bromide of Potassium, 5 to 10 grains dissolved in water, twice or thrice daily.
Apply Henna or Mhíndí Poultice (197) locally, and try Bromide of Potassium, 5 to 10 grains dissolved in water, twice or thrice daily.
Burns and Scalds.As soon after the accident as possible, apply freely to the whole of the burnt surface Lime Liniment (229), or in its absence Jinjili Oil (337), or any other bland oil, dusting thickly over with Rice Flour; or even with simple Rice Flour without any oil as directed in paragraph 322. The object in each case is to prevent, as far as possible, the access of air to the burnt surface. These first dressings should remain undisturbed for at least twenty-four hours, and should then be repeated in the same, or in a modified form. Subsequent ulcerations should be treated with Ceromel (167) or Resin Ointment (372). Carbolised Oil or Liniment is advocated by Dr. Aitchison. Dr. A.'s directions are as follows: "Employ a Liniment of Carbolic Acid, one part Acid to 15 of a sweet Oil, carefully mixed; apply this freely over the burnt or scalded surface, cover the whole with a thick piece of cotton wool, and apply a bandage over all. On no account change the cotton dressing unless there is any disagreeable odour. If the dressing is becoming dry and thus causing irritation, take off the bandage and moisten cotton wadding thoroughly with the same Liniment without moving it. On no account allow water to come in contact with the injured part." The treatment of very extensive burns of the lower limbs with carbolic acid is considered to be prejudicial, but not so of the upper extremities. Should the injured surface be extensive, the constitution should be supported by liberal diet, tonics, and stimulants, as Brandy Mixture (426) at stated intervals. Any great restlessness or excessivepain may require a dose of Opium at bedtime (283). N.B.—Whenever the burn is in the neighbourhood of the joint, or in the neck, it is important that the parts should be kept in a straight or stretched position, otherwise contraction is apt to result during the healing process.
As soon after the accident as possible, apply freely to the whole of the burnt surface Lime Liniment (229), or in its absence Jinjili Oil (337), or any other bland oil, dusting thickly over with Rice Flour; or even with simple Rice Flour without any oil as directed in paragraph 322. The object in each case is to prevent, as far as possible, the access of air to the burnt surface. These first dressings should remain undisturbed for at least twenty-four hours, and should then be repeated in the same, or in a modified form. Subsequent ulcerations should be treated with Ceromel (167) or Resin Ointment (372). Carbolised Oil or Liniment is advocated by Dr. Aitchison. Dr. A.'s directions are as follows: "Employ a Liniment of Carbolic Acid, one part Acid to 15 of a sweet Oil, carefully mixed; apply this freely over the burnt or scalded surface, cover the whole with a thick piece of cotton wool, and apply a bandage over all. On no account change the cotton dressing unless there is any disagreeable odour. If the dressing is becoming dry and thus causing irritation, take off the bandage and moisten cotton wadding thoroughly with the same Liniment without moving it. On no account allow water to come in contact with the injured part." The treatment of very extensive burns of the lower limbs with carbolic acid is considered to be prejudicial, but not so of the upper extremities. Should the injured surface be extensive, the constitution should be supported by liberal diet, tonics, and stimulants, as Brandy Mixture (426) at stated intervals. Any great restlessness or excessivepain may require a dose of Opium at bedtime (283). N.B.—Whenever the burn is in the neighbourhood of the joint, or in the neck, it is important that the parts should be kept in a straight or stretched position, otherwise contraction is apt to result during the healing process.
Cancer.To relieve the pain and restlessness, give Opium (283) or Tincture of Datura (128).To correct the fœtor of the discharge, apply relays of Charcoal Poultices (91), cleansing the ulcer each time the poultice is changed with Borax Lotion (59). N.B.—On the smallest suspicion of a cancer forming, no time should be lost in placing the case under regular medical care.
To relieve the pain and restlessness, give Opium (283) or Tincture of Datura (128).To correct the fœtor of the discharge, apply relays of Charcoal Poultices (91), cleansing the ulcer each time the poultice is changed with Borax Lotion (59). N.B.—On the smallest suspicion of a cancer forming, no time should be lost in placing the case under regular medical care.
Carbuncle "Rajah Boil" of the Natives.The treatment of the early stages is similar to that for Abscess (ante); only if leeches are deemed necessary, they should be placed round the edge and not on the hardened surface. When ulceration sets in, theToddyPoultice (355) is useful in stimulating to healthy action; and the removal of the slough is greatly accelerated by the daily practice of Irrigation (395). Turpentine Ointment (367) or Petroleum (412) also prove useful in this stage. Should there be much fœtor, apply Charcoal Poultices (91) and the Borax Lotion (59) as advised inCancer. Opium (283) may be necessary to relieve pain and give rest. When the slough has come away, the ointments advised in paragraphs 367 and 372, or Ceromel (167), may beused as dressing. A generous animal diet, with a daily portion of stimulants, should be allowed, and tonics as Chiretta (98, 99), or Country Sarsaparilla (163) administered. Whenever practicable, the case should be placedunder proper surgical care, as incisions are often necessary for the removal of the slough.
The treatment of the early stages is similar to that for Abscess (ante); only if leeches are deemed necessary, they should be placed round the edge and not on the hardened surface. When ulceration sets in, theToddyPoultice (355) is useful in stimulating to healthy action; and the removal of the slough is greatly accelerated by the daily practice of Irrigation (395). Turpentine Ointment (367) or Petroleum (412) also prove useful in this stage. Should there be much fœtor, apply Charcoal Poultices (91) and the Borax Lotion (59) as advised inCancer. Opium (283) may be necessary to relieve pain and give rest. When the slough has come away, the ointments advised in paragraphs 367 and 372, or Ceromel (167), may beused as dressing. A generous animal diet, with a daily portion of stimulants, should be allowed, and tonics as Chiretta (98, 99), or Country Sarsaparilla (163) administered. Whenever practicable, the case should be placedunder proper surgical care, as incisions are often necessary for the removal of the slough.
Cassava Root, Poisoning by.Give Lime Juice (234).
Give Lime Juice (234).
Castor Oil Seeds, Poisoning by.Give Lime Juice (234).
Give Lime Juice (234).
Cataract.Datura (128).
Datura (128).
Catarrhs or Colds.May often be cut short at the outset by a draught of hot Infusion of Ginger (156) or White Wine Whey (428) at bedtime, and covering the body well, so as to produce copious perspiration. A Vapour Bath (396) will answer the same purpose. To relieve feverishness give Solution of Nitre (264), Decoction of Abelmoschus (2), and Country Ipecacuanha (370). Inhalation of the fumes of burning Turmeric (359) manifestly relieves troublesome congestion or fulness of the head, nose, &c. See alsoCough.
May often be cut short at the outset by a draught of hot Infusion of Ginger (156) or White Wine Whey (428) at bedtime, and covering the body well, so as to produce copious perspiration. A Vapour Bath (396) will answer the same purpose. To relieve feverishness give Solution of Nitre (264), Decoction of Abelmoschus (2), and Country Ipecacuanha (370). Inhalation of the fumes of burning Turmeric (359) manifestly relieves troublesome congestion or fulness of the head, nose, &c. See alsoCough.
Caterpillar's Hairs, to Extract.Some Indian Caterpillars are armed with a thick hairy covering, and if these come in contact with the skin the hairs are apt to pierce the cuticle, and by their presence create great pain, irritation, &c. To extract them the followingingenious plan, devised by Dr. Alexander Grant, late Bengal Medical Service, is said to be very effectual. Take a lock of human hair, tie firmly with thread about one-eighth of an inch from the cut end, so as to form a short, firm, even brush, not however to be used as such, but as forceps. This held between the thumb and forefinger, is allowed to descend perpendicularly and uncompressed among the caterpillar hairs. When the two sets of hairs are commingled, the brush is compressed as forceps are, and drawn straight up, bringing the hairs with it, and so on until all the hairs are pulled out.
Some Indian Caterpillars are armed with a thick hairy covering, and if these come in contact with the skin the hairs are apt to pierce the cuticle, and by their presence create great pain, irritation, &c. To extract them the followingingenious plan, devised by Dr. Alexander Grant, late Bengal Medical Service, is said to be very effectual. Take a lock of human hair, tie firmly with thread about one-eighth of an inch from the cut end, so as to form a short, firm, even brush, not however to be used as such, but as forceps. This held between the thumb and forefinger, is allowed to descend perpendicularly and uncompressed among the caterpillar hairs. When the two sets of hairs are commingled, the brush is compressed as forceps are, and drawn straight up, bringing the hairs with it, and so on until all the hairs are pulled out.
Centipedes, Bites of.SeeBites, Venomous.
SeeBites, Venomous.
Chest, Pains in, during Fevers.SeeFevers.
SeeFevers.
Childbirth.SeeLabours.
SeeLabours.
Children, Debility of.To relieve pallor and wasting, give Country Sarsaparilla (163), and Fish Liver Oil (139), with generous diet, and gentle outdoor exercise. A change of air will often do more good than medicine.Constipation of, seeConstipation,Convulsion of, seeConvulsions.Colic of, seeColic.Coughs of, seeCoughs.Diarrhœa of, seeDiarrhœa.Difficulty of Breathing, seeBreathing, Difficulty of.
To relieve pallor and wasting, give Country Sarsaparilla (163), and Fish Liver Oil (139), with generous diet, and gentle outdoor exercise. A change of air will often do more good than medicine.Constipation of, seeConstipation,Convulsion of, seeConvulsions.Colic of, seeColic.Coughs of, seeCoughs.Diarrhœa of, seeDiarrhœa.Difficulty of Breathing, seeBreathing, Difficulty of.