22.8Cf. the whole description VII, 40-53.22.9not ‘occupied.’22.10The infinitive depends onindīgnē ferret, an expression of emotion. Cf.p. 19, n. 6.23.1plūrimum posset: ‘he possessed great influence.’plūrimumis an accusative of extent.23.2Cf.p. 5, n. 20.23.3sērefers to Sextus. Sextus asked his father through the messenger:Quidnam mē facere vīs?23.4Adjectives ending in -bundusgenerally have the force of the English present participle active.23.5altissima . . . capita= ‘the heads of the tallest poppies.’ How literally?23.6factōis here a noun.23.7It has been shown that the whole of this story was derived from Greek sources, and that the incident described in the text is, so far as Gabii is concerned, without foundation.23.8H 469, 2 (415, II): M 609: A 244: G 395: B 215.23.9iuvenibus rēgiīs: ‘the princes.’23.10Incidit . . . mentiō: ‘the conversation happened to turn on (the merits of) their (respective) wives.’ How literally?23.11citātīs equīs: ‘at top speed.’ How literally?23.12rēgiās nurūs: ‘the king’s daughters-in-law,’ i.e. the princes’ wives.23.13convīviō et lūxū: ‘a banquet and luxury’ = ‘a luxurious banquet.’23.14The home of Collatinus.23.15lānae dēditam: ‘wholly intent on spinning.’ In the oldest times the Roman housewife made all the garments of the household. Hence a frequent laudatory inscription on the tombstones of Roman ladies islānam fēcit. Macaulay had this feature of Roman life in mind when (Horatius, stanza LXX) he wrote:“When the goodwife’s shuttle merrilyGoes flashing through the loom.”23.16vim attulit(adferō): ‘outraged.’24.1in exitium rēgum: ‘to kill the royal family (rēgum).’ Forin exitiumcf.p. 14, n. 4.24.2dat. of disadvantage. Translate: ‘against T., on his return to Rome.’24.3Sc.est.24.4prōdō.24.5adeō.24.6infin. because dependent ondīxitunderstood, to be supplied fromdīcēbat.24.7quasi . . . dēsiperet: ‘thinking that the old woman’s mind was failing through age.’ Seep. 3, n. 6.24.8dērīdeō.24.9abl. of price: H 478 (422): M 652: A 252: G 404: B 225.24.10exūrō.24.11explained by the clauseut . . . emat.24.12ut . . . emat: a substantive clause of purpose depending onrogat: H 565 (498, I): M 894: A 331: G 546: B 295, 4.24.13abl. of quality withfit.24.14=tālem, as often.24.15sc.esse.24.16dīgressam(dīgredior) =postquam dīgressa est.24.17Librī . . . appellātī: theSibyllaewere inspired maidens devoted to the worship of Apollo. The most famous, from whom Tarquin was believed to have received the Sibylline books, lived at Cumae, on the coast of Campania, in Italy. The books were placed in a vault beneath the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. When this temple was burned in 83B.C., the senate sent envoys to Greece to make a new collection of oracular sayings. These also were deposited for a time in the temple of Jupiter after its restoration.Text-only versionIX.Iūnius Brūtus, Rōmānōrum cōnsul prīmusIūnius Brūtus, sorōre1Tarquiniī Superbī nātus, cum2eandemfortūnam timēret, in quam frāter inciderat, quī ob dīvitiās etprūdentiam ab avunculō erat occīsus, stultitiam finxit, undeBrūtus dictus est. Profectus3Delphōs4cum Tarquiniī fīliīs,5quōs pater ad Apollinem mūneribus honōrandum mīserat, baculō5sambūceō aurum inclūsum dōnō6tulit deō. Perāctīs deindemandātīs patris, iuvenēs Apollinem cōnsulunt quisnam ex ipsīsRōmae7rēgnātūrus esset.8Respōnsum est eum Rōmae7summampotestātem habitūrum, quī prīmus mātrem ōsculātus esset.9Tunc10Brūtus, velut sī cāsū prōlāpsus10cecidisset, terram ōsculātus est,scīlicet quod ea commūnis māter omnium mortālium esset.B.C.509.Expulsīs rēgibus duo cōnsulēs11creātī sunt, Iūnius Brūtus etTarquinius Collātīnus12Lucrētiae marītus. At lībertāsmodo parta13per dolum et prōditiōnem paene āmissa est.15Erant in iuventūte Rōmānā adulēscentēs aliquot, sodālēsadulēscentium Tarquiniōrum.14Hī cum lēgātīs, quōs rēx ad bona suarepetenda Rōmam mīserat, dē restituendīs rēgibus conloquuntur,ipsōs Brūtī cōnsulis fīliōs in societātem cōnsiliī adsūmunt. Sermōnemeōrum ex servīs ūnus excēpit; rem ad cōnsulēs dētulit.20Datae15ad Tarquinium lītterae manifēstum facinus fēcērunt.Prōditōrēs in vincula coniectī sunt, deinde damnātī. Stābant adpālum dēligātī iuvenēs nōbilissimī; sed ā cēterīs līberī cōnsulisomnium in sē oculōs āvertēbant. Cōnsulēs in sēdem prōcessēre16suam, missīque līctōrēs nūdātōs1virgīs caedunt secūrīque feriunt.25Suppliciī nōn spectātor modo, sed et2exāctor erat Brūtus,quī tunc patrem exuit, ut cōnsulem ageret.3Tarquinius deinde bellō apertō rēgnum reciperāre cōnātus4est.Equitibus praeerat Ārūns, Tarquiniī fīlius: rēx ipse cum legiōnibusBrutussequēbātur. Obviam hostī5cōnsulēs30eunt; Brūtus ad explōrandum cum equitātūantecessit. Ārūns, ubi procul Brūtumāgnōvit,6īnflammātus īrā “Ille est vir” inquit“quī nōs patriā expulit; ipse7ēn ille nostrīsdecorātus īnsīgnibus māgnificē incēdit.” Tum35concitat calcāribus equum atque in ipsum cōnsulemdīrigit; Brūtus avidē sē certāminī offert. Adeō8īnfēstīsanimīs concurrērunt, ut ambō hastā trānsfīxī caderent; fugātustamen proeliō est Tarquinius. Alter9cōnsul Rōmam triumphānsrediit. Brūtī conlēgae fūnus, quantō10potuit apparātū, fēcit.40Brūtum mātrōnae, ut parentem, annum lūxērunt.11Skip tonext selection.25.1Cf.p. 23, n. 8.25.2cum: causal; cf.p. 4, n. 12; alsop. xx, H 2.25.3proficīscor.25.4Cf.p. 3, n. 4.25.5Join withinclūsum, and cf.p. 2, n. 7.25.6dat. of purpose or service: H 433 (390): M 548: A 233,a: G 356: B 191, 2. This dat. is specially common in connection with another dat., asdeōhere (dat. of advantage).25.7locative: H 483 (425, II): M 620: A 258,c, 2: G 411: B 228, 1.25.8Cf.p. 3, n. 2. The whole clause is the object ofcōnsulunt, ‘consult (by asking).’25.9Cf.p. 6, n. 1. The oracle said:Is . . . habēbit, quī . . . erit.25.10prōlāpsus(prōlābor)cecidisset(cadō) =prōlāpsus esset et cecidisset.25.11See Vocab.,cōnsul.25.12Cf. VIII, 17.25.13pariō.25.14The sons of Tarquin, mentioned above,l. 4.25.15=quae datae erant.datae=missae, and so is construed withadand the accusative.25.16=prōcessērunt.26.1nūdātōs virgīs caedunt=nūdant (eōs) et virgīs caedunt.26.2=etiam.26.3What does the subjunctive express?26.4cōnor.26.5dat. afterobinobviam. The rule regarding compound verbs (p. 2, n. 7) holds true often of nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.26.6āgnōscō.26.7ipse . . . incēdit: thespiritof this dramatic sentence may be reproduced thus: ‘Look at him (ēn ille)! He is actually adorned withourinsignia! See in what a lordly way he advances!’26.8Adeō, ‘such,’ in part qualifiesīnfēstīs, in part paves the way for the result clauseut . . . caderent.26.9Alter: ‘the remaining.’ Why may it be so translated?26.10quantō . . . apparātū: ‘with the greatest possible splendor.’26.11lūgeō.Text-only versionX.Mūcius ScaevolaCum Porsena12Rōmam obsidēret, Mūcius, vir Rōmānae13cōnstantiae, senātum adiit et veniam14trānsfugiendī petiit, necemB.C.507rēgis reprōmittēns. Acceptā1potestāte cum in castra Porsenaevēnisset, ibi in cōnfertissimā turbā prope tribūnal cōnstitit.5Stīpendium tunc forte2mīlitibus dabātur et scrība cumrēge parī3ferē ōrnātū sedēbat. Mūcius, īgnōrāns uter rēx esset,illum prō rēge occīdit. Apprehēnsus et ad rēgem pertrāctus4dextram accēnsō5ad sacrificium foculō iniēcit, velut manumpūniēns, quod6in caede peccāsset. Attonitus mīrāculō rēx10iuvenem āmovērī ab altāribus iussit. Tum Mūcius, quasi beneficiumremūnerāns, ait trecentōs adversus eum7suī similēs coniūrāsse.Quā rē ille territus8bellum acceptīs obsidibus dēposuit.9Mūciō prāta trāns Tiberim data,10ab eō Mūcia appellāta. Statuaquoque eī11honōris grātiā cōnstitūta est.Skip tonext selection.26.12Tarquinius Superbus had applied to Porsena, king of the Etruscan city of Clusium, for aid in the recovery of his throne. Porsena gathered a large army and marched against Rome. For this story, see Macaulay’sLays of Ancient Rome, Horatius. Modern authorities on Roman history maintain that Porsena was so successful in his operations that he compelled the Romans to submit to a very humiliating treaty.26.13We would say, ‘truly Roman.’26.14veniam trānsfugiendī: ‘permission to go over (to the enemy).’27.1Acceptā(accipiō). . . vēnisset=Cum potestātem accēpisset et . . . vēnisset.27.2Cf.p. 5, n. 19.27.3parī . . . ōrnātū: abl. abs. to denote an attendant circumstance: H 489, 1 (431, 1): M 640: A 255,d, 5: G 409,N.: B 227.27.4pertrahō.27.5accendō.27.6quod . . . peccāssetexpresses Scaevola’s thought: see H 588, II (516, II): M 851: A 321: G 541: B 286, 1, and cf.p. 14, n. 1, andp. xxi, H 4.27.7eumrefers to the king,suīto Scaevola. Scaevola’s speech was:Trecentī adversus tē meī similēs coniūrāvērunt.27.8terreō.27.9dēpōnō.27.10Sc.sunt.27.11dat. of advantage withcōnstitūta est.Text-only versionXI.Fabiī trecentī sex479-477B.C.Cum12adsiduīs Vēientium13incursiōnibus vexārentur12Rōmānī,Fabia gēns senātum adit; cōnsul Fabius prō gente loquitur:“Vōs alia bella cūrāte; Fabiōs14hostēs Vēientibus date: idbellum prīvātō sūmptū15gerere nōbīs16in animō est.” Grātiae eī5ingentēs āctae sunt. Cōnsul ē Cūriā ēgressus, comitante1Fabiōrum āgmine, domum rediit. Mānat tōtā urbe rūmor; Fabiumad2caelum laudibus ferunt. Fabiī posterō diē arma capiunt.Numquam3exercitus neque minor numerō neque clārior fāmā etadmīrātiōne hominum per urbem incessit. Ībant sex et trecentī10mīlitēs, omnēs patriciī, omnēs ūnīus gentis. Ad Cremeram flūmenperveniunt. Is opportūnus vīsus est locus commūniendō praesidiō.4Hostēs nōn5semel fūsī pācem supplicēs6petunt.Vēientēs7pācis impetrātae cum brevī paenituisset,8redintegrātōbellō iniērunt cōnsilium īnsidiīs ferōcem hostem captandī.15Multō successū Fabiīs9audācia crēscēbat. Cum igitur pālātīpassim agrōs populārentur, pecora ā Vēientibus obviam10āctasunt; ad quae prōgressī Fabiī in īnsidiās dēlāpsī11omnēs adūnum periērunt. Diēs, quō id factum est, inter nefāstōs relātus12est; porta, quā profectī erant, Scelerāta est appellāta. Ūnus20omnīnō superfuit ex eā gente, quī propter aetātem impūberemdomī13relīctus14erat. Is15genus propāgāvit ad Quīntum16FabiumMāximum, quī Hannibalem morā17frēgit.18Skip tonext selection.27.12The subjunctive expresses both time and cause: cf.p. 2, n. 13, andp. xxii, J.27.13The Veientes fought almost constantly against Rome from a very early time (cf. IV, 57; Livy says that they were defeated by Romulus) till their city was completely destroyed in 396B.C.27.14Fabiōs . . . date: ‘give the Veientes the Fabii as their enemies,’ i.e. let the war against the Veientes be the special business of the Fabii.27.15Cf.p. 24, n. 9.27.16nōbīs . . . est: sincenōbīsis a dat. of possession (H 430 (387): M 542: A 231: G 349: B 190) withest, the phrase exactly = ‘we have it in mind.’ The subject ofestis the clauseid . . . gerere.Fabiōsis strongly opposed tovōs.28.1comitante . . . āgmine: ‘the Fabii accompanying him in a body.’ How literally?28.2ad . . . ferunt: so we ‘laud a person to the skies.’28.3Numquam . . . neque . . . neque: in Latin, as in English, two negatives neutralize each other and make an affirmative. To this law there are two regular exceptions in Latin: When a general negative likenōn,numquam, ornēmōis followed (1) byneque . . . nequeor (2) by the emphaticnē . . . quidem. In the former case the negation is distributed by theneque . . . nequeinto two (or more) clauses or phrases; in the latter, the full weight of the negation is concentrated upon a single word or phrase. In English a single negative is always to be employed.28.4dat. of purpose: cf.p. 25, n. 6. This construction is especially frequent with phrases consisting of a gerundive and a noun.28.5nōn semel: ‘not once (only),’ i.e. repeatedly.28.6Cf.p. 4, n. 4.28.7Vēientēs . . . paenituisset: lit., ‘when it had repented the V. of the peace which they had secured.’ What is our idiom?paenituissetis wholly impersonal;Vēientēsis acc., though logically its subject, andpācisis gen., though logically its object. H 457 (409, III): M 585: A 221,b: G 377: B 209.28.8Seep. 2, n. 13.28.9dat.of reference: H 425, 4,N.(384, 4,N.2): M 537: A 235,a: G 346: B 187, II.28.10Sc.eīs: ‘to meet them.’28.11dēlābor.28.12refero.28.13locative: H 484, 2 (426, 2): M 622: A 258,d: G 411,R.2: B 232, 2.28.14relinquō.28.15Is . . . Māximum: freely ‘he saved the family from extinction and became the ancestor of Maximus.’28.16See Selection XIX.28.17Fabius, by his ‘policy of masterly inactivity,’ gained the title ofCunctātor, ‘the Delayer.’28.18frangō.Text-only versionXII.Lūcius VirgīniusAnnō trecentēsimō1ab urbe2conditā prō duōbus cōnsulibusdecemvirī creātī sunt, quī3adlātās ē Graeciā lēgēs populōprōpōnerent.4Duodecim5tabulīs6eae sunt perscrīptae. Cēterumdecemvirī7suā8ipsōrum īnsolentiā in exitium āctī sunt. Nam5ūnus ex iīs Appius Claudius virginem plēbēiam adamāvit. Quam9cum Appius nōn posset pretiō ac spē perlicere, ūnum ēclientibus10subōrnāvit, quī eam in11servitūtem dēpōsceret,12facilevictūrum13sē spērāns, cum ipse esset et accūsātor et iūdex. LūciusVirgīnius, puellae pater, tunc aberat mīlitiae causā. Cliēns igitur10virginī14venientī in Forum (namque ibi in tabernīs litterārum15lūdī erant) iniēcit manum, adfīrmāns suam esse servam. Eamsequī sē iubet; nīfaciat,16minātur sē vī abstrāctūrum. Pavidāpuellā17stupente,17ad clāmōrem nūtrīcis fit concursus. Itaque cumille puellam vī nōn posset abdūcere, eam vocat in iūs, ipsō15Appiō17iūdice.17Intereā missī nūntiī ad Virgīnium properant. Is commeātūsūmptō ā castrīs profectus prīmā lūce Rōmam advēnit, cum iamcīvitās in Forō exspectātiōne ērēcta stābat. Virgīnius statim inForum lacrimābundus et cīvium opem implōrāns fīliam suam20dēdūcit. Neque1eō sētius Appius, cum in tribūnal ēscendisset,Virgīniam clientī suō addīxit. Tum pater, ubi nihil ūsquamauxiliī2vīdit, “Quaesō,” inquit “Appī, īgnōsce patriō dolōrī3;sine mē fīliam ultimum adloquī.” Datā veniā pater cum fīliamsēdūxisset, ab laniō cultrō4adreptō pectus puellae trānsfīgit.25Tum vērō sibi viam facit et respersus cruōre ad exercitum profugitet mīlitēs ad vindicandum facinus accendit. Concitātusexercitus montem Aventīnum īnsēdit; decem tribūnōs5mīlitumB.C.449.creāvit; decemvirōs magistrātū sē abdicāre coēgit6eōsque omnēsaut morte aut exiliō multāvit; ipse Appius Claudius in carcerem30coniectus mortem sibi cōnscīvit.7Skip tonext selection.29.1The dating is not exact, as the Decemvirs were elected in 451B.C.29.2Cf.p. 5, n. 15.29.3quī . . . prōpōnerent: i.e. after studying the laws of Greece, they were to draw up a code and submit it to the people.29.4Cf.p. 5, n. 3.29.5From this circumstance the code was known as theLēgēs XII Tabulārum.29.6abl. of means; we say ‘ontablets.’ The tablets were of bronze. For many centuries Roman schoolboys had to commit these laws to memory.29.7The Decemvirs had been elected for one year, at the end of which time they reported their work still unfinished, and a second board was chosen. The story that follows concerns the second board. All accounts agree that the rule of the first board was in all respects just.29.8suā ipsōrum: a strong expression for ‘their own.’29.9Cf.p. 4, n. 3.29.10See Vocab.,cliēns.29.11in servitūtemexpresses purpose (cf.p. 14, n. 4), and so =ut serva esset.29.12Cf.p. 5, n. 3.29.13vincō.29.14Join withiniēcit manum, and cf.p. 2, n. 7.29.15litterārum lūdī: schools where children were taught their A B C’s, i.e. what we should call ‘primary schools.’29.16subjunctive as the subordinate clause of the indirect quotation, which depends onminātur. The threat was:Nī (id) fēceris, vī (tē) abstraham.29.17abl. abs.30.1Neque eō sētius: ‘nevertheless.’ How literally?eō= ‘for that reason.’30.2partitive gen. withnihil: H 441 (397, 1): M 564: A 216,a, 3: G 369: B 201, 2.30.3dat. withīgnōsce: H 426, 2 (385, II): M 531: A 227: G 346: B 187, II,a.30.4cultrō . . . trānsfīgit: cf.p. 2, n. 8.30.5tribūnōs: two armies were in the field against the Sabines and Aequians. The eight Decemvirs who commanded them were deposed, and ten tribunes, or ‘captains,’ were chosen in their place.30.6cōgō.30.7cōnscīscō. With this whole story cf. Macaulay’sLays,Virginia.Text-only versionXIII.Titus Mānlius TorquātusTitus Mānlius ob ingeniī et linguae tarditātem ā patre rūs8relēgātus erat. Quī cum audīvisset patrī9diem dictam esse āPompōniō, tribūnō plēbis, cēpit cōnsilium rudis quidem et agrestisanimī,10sed pietāte laudābile. Cultrō succinctus māne in5urbem atque ā portā cōnfēstim ad11Pompōnium pergit:intrōductus12cultrum stringit et super lectum Pompōniī stāns sē eumtrānsfīxūrum minātur, nisi ab inceptā accūsātiōne dēsistat.13Pavidustribūnus, quīppe1quī cerneret ferrum ante oculōs micāns, accūsātiōnemdīmīsit. Ea rēs adulēscentī2eō3māiōrī4fuit honōrī10quod animum ēius acerbitās paterna ā pietāte nōn āvertisset,ideōque eōdem annō tribūnus mīlitum factus est.Cum posteā Gallī5ad tertium6lapidem trāns Aniēnem fluviumcastra posuissent, exercitus Rōmānus ab urbe profectus in citeriōresee captionMĪLIĀRIUMrīpā fluviī cōnstitit. Pōns in mediō7erat: tunc GallusB.C.361.15eximiā corporis māgnitūdine in vacuum pontemprōcessit et quam8māximā vōce potuit “Quemnunc” inquit “Rōma fortissimum habet, is prōcēdat9agedum ad pūgnam, ut ēventus certāminis nostrīostendat utra gēns bellō sit melior.” Diū inter20prīmōrēs iuvenum Rōmānōrum silentium fuit. TumTitus Mānlius ex statiōne ad imperātōrem pergit:“Iniussū10tuō,” inquit, “imperātor, extrā ōrdinemnumquam pūgnāverim,11nōn sī certam victōriamvideam11; sī tū permittis, volō ego illī bēluae ostendere mē ex eā25familiā ortum esse, quae Gallōrum āgmen ex rūpe Tarpēiā dēiēcit.”12Cuī imperātor “Macte1virtūte,” inquit “Tite Mānlī, estō: pergeet nōmen Rōmānum invictum praestā.”Armant deinde iuvenem aequālēs: scūtum capit, Hispānō2cingitur3gladiō, ad propiōrem4pūgnam habilī. Exspectābat eumsee captionGLADIUS30Gallus stolidē laetus et linguam ab inrīsū exserēns.Ubi cōnstitēre5inter duās aciēs, Gallus ēnsem cumingentī sonitū in arma Mānliī dēiēcit. Mānlius vērōinter corpus et arma Gallī sēsē īnsinuāns ūnō6alterōqueīctū ventrem trānsfōdit et in spatium ingēns35ruentem porrēxit hostem; iacentī7torquem dētrāxit,quem cruōre respersum8collō9circumdedit10suō.Dēfīxerat pavor11cum admīrātiōne Gallōs; Rōmānīalacrēs obviam mīlitī suō prōgrediuntur et grātulantēslaudantēsque ad imperātōrem perdūcunt. Mānlius40inde Torquātī cōgnōmen accēpit.B.C.340.Īdem Mānlius, posteā cōnsul factus bellō Latīnō,ut dīsciplīnam mīlitārem restitueret, ēdīxit nē12quisextrā ōrdinem in hostēs pūgnāret. T. Mānlius,13cōnsulis fīlius, cum propius forte ad statiōnem hostium45accessisset, is, quī Latīnō equitātuī praeerat, ubi cōnsulis fīliumāgnōvit,14“Vīsne” inquit “congredī mēcum, ut singulāris certāminisēventū cernātur, quantum eques Latīnus Rōmānō praestet?”Mōvit ferōcem animum iuvenis seu īra seu dētrēctandī15certāminis pudor. Itaque oblītus1imperiī2paternī in certāmen50ruit et Latīnum3ex equō excussum trānsfīxit spoliīsque lēctīssee captionLĪCTORin castra ad patrem vēnit. Extemplō fīlium āversātuscōnsul mīlitēs classicō advocat. Quī postquamfrequentēs convēnēre, “Quandōquidem” inquit “tū,fīlī, contrā imperium cōnsulis pūgnāstī, oportet455dīsciplīnam, quam solvistī, poenā5tuā restituās.Trīste exemplum, sed in6posterum salūbre iuventūtīeris. Ī,7līctor, dēligā8ad pālum.” Metū omnēsobstupuēre; sed postquam cervīce caesā fūsus est cruor, in questūset lāmenta ērūpēre.9Mānliō Rōmam redeuntī seniōrēs tantum60obviam exiērunt: iuventūs et tunc eum et omnī10deinde vītāexsecrāta est.Operae pretium erit aliud sevēritātis dīsciplīnae Rōmānaeexemplum prōferre, simul ut appāreat quam facile sevēritās in11crūdēlitātem et furōrem abeat. Cn. Pīsō fuit12vir ā multīs vitiīs65integer, sed prāvus et cuī13placēbat prō cōnstantiā rigor. Iscum īrātus ad mortem dūcī iussisset mīlitem, quasi14interfēcissetcommīlitōnem, cum quō ēgressus erat ē castrīs et sine quō redierat,rogantī15tempus aliquod ad conquīrendum16nōn dedit.Damnātus mīles extrā castrōrum vāllum ductus est et iam cervīcem70porrigēbat, cum subitō appāruit ille commīlitō, quī occīsus17dīcēbātur. Tunc centuriō suppliciō praepositus condere gladiumcarnificem iubet. Ambō commīlitōnēs alter alterum complexīingentī concursū et māgnō gaudiō exercitūs dēdūcuntur ad Pīsōnem.Ille cōnscendit tribūnal furēns et utrumque ad mortem75dūcī iubet, adicit et centuriōnem, quī damnātum mīlitem redūxerat,haec praefātus1: “Tē morte plectī iubeō, quia iam damnātuses; tē, quia causa damnātiōnis commīlitōnī fuistī; tē, quiaiussus occīdere mīlitem imperātōrī2nōn pāruistī.”Cēterum Mānliānae gentis3propriam ferē fuisse4illam in80fīliōs acerbitātem alius Mānlius, illīus dē quō suprā dīximusnepōs, ostendit. Cum Macedonum lēgātī Rōmam vēnissentconquestum5dē Sīlānō, Mānliī Torquātī fīliō, quod praetor6prōvinciamexpīlāsset,7pater, avītae sevēritātis hērēs, petiit ā patribus8cōnscrīptīs nē quid dē eā rē statuerent, antequam ipse īnspexisset85Macedonum et fīliī suī causam. Id ā senātū libenter concessumest virō summae9dīgnitātis, cōnsulārī iūrisque cīvīlis perītissimō.Itaque, īnstitūtā domī cōgnitiōne causae, sōlus per tōtum bīduumutramque partem audiēbat ac tertiō diē prōnūntiāvit fīlium suumvidērī nōn tālem fuisse in prōvinciā, quālēs ēius māiōrēs fuissent,90et in cōnspectum suum deinceps venīre vetuit. Tam trīstī patrisiūdiciō perculsus10lūcem11ulterius intuērī nōn sustinuit etproximā12nocte vītam suspendiō fīnīvit. Perēgerat13Torquātus sevērīet religiōsī iūdicis partēs,14satisfactum erat reī pūblicae, habēbatultiōnem Macedonia, at nōndum erat īnflexus patris rigor. Igitur95nē15exsequiīs quidem fīliī interfuit, ut patribus mōs erat apudRōmānōs, et eō ipsō diē, quō fūnus ēius dūcēbātur, aurēs, utsolēbat, volentibus cōnsulere sē dē iūre praebuit.Skip tonext selection.
22.8Cf. the whole description VII, 40-53.22.9not ‘occupied.’22.10The infinitive depends onindīgnē ferret, an expression of emotion. Cf.p. 19, n. 6.23.1plūrimum posset: ‘he possessed great influence.’plūrimumis an accusative of extent.23.2Cf.p. 5, n. 20.23.3sērefers to Sextus. Sextus asked his father through the messenger:Quidnam mē facere vīs?23.4Adjectives ending in -bundusgenerally have the force of the English present participle active.23.5altissima . . . capita= ‘the heads of the tallest poppies.’ How literally?23.6factōis here a noun.23.7It has been shown that the whole of this story was derived from Greek sources, and that the incident described in the text is, so far as Gabii is concerned, without foundation.23.8H 469, 2 (415, II): M 609: A 244: G 395: B 215.23.9iuvenibus rēgiīs: ‘the princes.’23.10Incidit . . . mentiō: ‘the conversation happened to turn on (the merits of) their (respective) wives.’ How literally?23.11citātīs equīs: ‘at top speed.’ How literally?23.12rēgiās nurūs: ‘the king’s daughters-in-law,’ i.e. the princes’ wives.23.13convīviō et lūxū: ‘a banquet and luxury’ = ‘a luxurious banquet.’23.14The home of Collatinus.23.15lānae dēditam: ‘wholly intent on spinning.’ In the oldest times the Roman housewife made all the garments of the household. Hence a frequent laudatory inscription on the tombstones of Roman ladies islānam fēcit. Macaulay had this feature of Roman life in mind when (Horatius, stanza LXX) he wrote:“When the goodwife’s shuttle merrilyGoes flashing through the loom.”23.16vim attulit(adferō): ‘outraged.’24.1in exitium rēgum: ‘to kill the royal family (rēgum).’ Forin exitiumcf.p. 14, n. 4.24.2dat. of disadvantage. Translate: ‘against T., on his return to Rome.’24.3Sc.est.24.4prōdō.24.5adeō.24.6infin. because dependent ondīxitunderstood, to be supplied fromdīcēbat.24.7quasi . . . dēsiperet: ‘thinking that the old woman’s mind was failing through age.’ Seep. 3, n. 6.24.8dērīdeō.24.9abl. of price: H 478 (422): M 652: A 252: G 404: B 225.24.10exūrō.24.11explained by the clauseut . . . emat.24.12ut . . . emat: a substantive clause of purpose depending onrogat: H 565 (498, I): M 894: A 331: G 546: B 295, 4.24.13abl. of quality withfit.24.14=tālem, as often.24.15sc.esse.24.16dīgressam(dīgredior) =postquam dīgressa est.24.17Librī . . . appellātī: theSibyllaewere inspired maidens devoted to the worship of Apollo. The most famous, from whom Tarquin was believed to have received the Sibylline books, lived at Cumae, on the coast of Campania, in Italy. The books were placed in a vault beneath the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. When this temple was burned in 83B.C., the senate sent envoys to Greece to make a new collection of oracular sayings. These also were deposited for a time in the temple of Jupiter after its restoration.
22.8Cf. the whole description VII, 40-53.
22.9not ‘occupied.’
22.10The infinitive depends onindīgnē ferret, an expression of emotion. Cf.p. 19, n. 6.
23.1plūrimum posset: ‘he possessed great influence.’plūrimumis an accusative of extent.
23.2Cf.p. 5, n. 20.
23.3sērefers to Sextus. Sextus asked his father through the messenger:Quidnam mē facere vīs?
23.4Adjectives ending in -bundusgenerally have the force of the English present participle active.
23.5altissima . . . capita= ‘the heads of the tallest poppies.’ How literally?
23.6factōis here a noun.
23.7It has been shown that the whole of this story was derived from Greek sources, and that the incident described in the text is, so far as Gabii is concerned, without foundation.
23.8H 469, 2 (415, II): M 609: A 244: G 395: B 215.
23.9iuvenibus rēgiīs: ‘the princes.’
23.10Incidit . . . mentiō: ‘the conversation happened to turn on (the merits of) their (respective) wives.’ How literally?
23.11citātīs equīs: ‘at top speed.’ How literally?
23.12rēgiās nurūs: ‘the king’s daughters-in-law,’ i.e. the princes’ wives.
23.13convīviō et lūxū: ‘a banquet and luxury’ = ‘a luxurious banquet.’
23.14The home of Collatinus.
23.15lānae dēditam: ‘wholly intent on spinning.’ In the oldest times the Roman housewife made all the garments of the household. Hence a frequent laudatory inscription on the tombstones of Roman ladies islānam fēcit. Macaulay had this feature of Roman life in mind when (Horatius, stanza LXX) he wrote:
“When the goodwife’s shuttle merrilyGoes flashing through the loom.”
“When the goodwife’s shuttle merrily
Goes flashing through the loom.”
23.16vim attulit(adferō): ‘outraged.’
24.1in exitium rēgum: ‘to kill the royal family (rēgum).’ Forin exitiumcf.p. 14, n. 4.
24.2dat. of disadvantage. Translate: ‘against T., on his return to Rome.’
24.3Sc.est.
24.4prōdō.
24.5adeō.
24.6infin. because dependent ondīxitunderstood, to be supplied fromdīcēbat.
24.7quasi . . . dēsiperet: ‘thinking that the old woman’s mind was failing through age.’ Seep. 3, n. 6.
24.8dērīdeō.
24.9abl. of price: H 478 (422): M 652: A 252: G 404: B 225.
24.10exūrō.
24.11explained by the clauseut . . . emat.
24.12ut . . . emat: a substantive clause of purpose depending onrogat: H 565 (498, I): M 894: A 331: G 546: B 295, 4.
24.13abl. of quality withfit.
24.14=tālem, as often.
24.15sc.esse.
24.16dīgressam(dīgredior) =postquam dīgressa est.
24.17Librī . . . appellātī: theSibyllaewere inspired maidens devoted to the worship of Apollo. The most famous, from whom Tarquin was believed to have received the Sibylline books, lived at Cumae, on the coast of Campania, in Italy. The books were placed in a vault beneath the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. When this temple was burned in 83B.C., the senate sent envoys to Greece to make a new collection of oracular sayings. These also were deposited for a time in the temple of Jupiter after its restoration.
Iūnius Brūtus, sorōre1Tarquiniī Superbī nātus, cum2eandemfortūnam timēret, in quam frāter inciderat, quī ob dīvitiās etprūdentiam ab avunculō erat occīsus, stultitiam finxit, undeBrūtus dictus est. Profectus3Delphōs4cum Tarquiniī fīliīs,5quōs pater ad Apollinem mūneribus honōrandum mīserat, baculō5sambūceō aurum inclūsum dōnō6tulit deō. Perāctīs deindemandātīs patris, iuvenēs Apollinem cōnsulunt quisnam ex ipsīsRōmae7rēgnātūrus esset.8Respōnsum est eum Rōmae7summampotestātem habitūrum, quī prīmus mātrem ōsculātus esset.9Tunc10Brūtus, velut sī cāsū prōlāpsus10cecidisset, terram ōsculātus est,scīlicet quod ea commūnis māter omnium mortālium esset.
Expulsīs rēgibus duo cōnsulēs11creātī sunt, Iūnius Brūtus etTarquinius Collātīnus12Lucrētiae marītus. At lībertāsmodo parta13per dolum et prōditiōnem paene āmissa est.15Erant in iuventūte Rōmānā adulēscentēs aliquot, sodālēsadulēscentium Tarquiniōrum.14Hī cum lēgātīs, quōs rēx ad bona suarepetenda Rōmam mīserat, dē restituendīs rēgibus conloquuntur,ipsōs Brūtī cōnsulis fīliōs in societātem cōnsiliī adsūmunt. Sermōnemeōrum ex servīs ūnus excēpit; rem ad cōnsulēs dētulit.20Datae15ad Tarquinium lītterae manifēstum facinus fēcērunt.Prōditōrēs in vincula coniectī sunt, deinde damnātī. Stābant adpālum dēligātī iuvenēs nōbilissimī; sed ā cēterīs līberī cōnsulisomnium in sē oculōs āvertēbant. Cōnsulēs in sēdem prōcessēre16suam, missīque līctōrēs nūdātōs1virgīs caedunt secūrīque feriunt.25Suppliciī nōn spectātor modo, sed et2exāctor erat Brūtus,quī tunc patrem exuit, ut cōnsulem ageret.3
Tarquinius deinde bellō apertō rēgnum reciperāre cōnātus4est.Equitibus praeerat Ārūns, Tarquiniī fīlius: rēx ipse cum legiōnibusBrutussequēbātur. Obviam hostī5cōnsulēs30eunt; Brūtus ad explōrandum cum equitātūantecessit. Ārūns, ubi procul Brūtumāgnōvit,6īnflammātus īrā “Ille est vir” inquit“quī nōs patriā expulit; ipse7ēn ille nostrīsdecorātus īnsīgnibus māgnificē incēdit.” Tum35concitat calcāribus equum atque in ipsum cōnsulemdīrigit; Brūtus avidē sē certāminī offert. Adeō8īnfēstīsanimīs concurrērunt, ut ambō hastā trānsfīxī caderent; fugātustamen proeliō est Tarquinius. Alter9cōnsul Rōmam triumphānsrediit. Brūtī conlēgae fūnus, quantō10potuit apparātū, fēcit.40Brūtum mātrōnae, ut parentem, annum lūxērunt.11
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25.1Cf.p. 23, n. 8.25.2cum: causal; cf.p. 4, n. 12; alsop. xx, H 2.25.3proficīscor.25.4Cf.p. 3, n. 4.25.5Join withinclūsum, and cf.p. 2, n. 7.25.6dat. of purpose or service: H 433 (390): M 548: A 233,a: G 356: B 191, 2. This dat. is specially common in connection with another dat., asdeōhere (dat. of advantage).25.7locative: H 483 (425, II): M 620: A 258,c, 2: G 411: B 228, 1.25.8Cf.p. 3, n. 2. The whole clause is the object ofcōnsulunt, ‘consult (by asking).’25.9Cf.p. 6, n. 1. The oracle said:Is . . . habēbit, quī . . . erit.25.10prōlāpsus(prōlābor)cecidisset(cadō) =prōlāpsus esset et cecidisset.25.11See Vocab.,cōnsul.25.12Cf. VIII, 17.25.13pariō.25.14The sons of Tarquin, mentioned above,l. 4.25.15=quae datae erant.datae=missae, and so is construed withadand the accusative.25.16=prōcessērunt.26.1nūdātōs virgīs caedunt=nūdant (eōs) et virgīs caedunt.26.2=etiam.26.3What does the subjunctive express?26.4cōnor.26.5dat. afterobinobviam. The rule regarding compound verbs (p. 2, n. 7) holds true often of nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.26.6āgnōscō.26.7ipse . . . incēdit: thespiritof this dramatic sentence may be reproduced thus: ‘Look at him (ēn ille)! He is actually adorned withourinsignia! See in what a lordly way he advances!’26.8Adeō, ‘such,’ in part qualifiesīnfēstīs, in part paves the way for the result clauseut . . . caderent.26.9Alter: ‘the remaining.’ Why may it be so translated?26.10quantō . . . apparātū: ‘with the greatest possible splendor.’26.11lūgeō.
25.1Cf.p. 23, n. 8.
25.2cum: causal; cf.p. 4, n. 12; alsop. xx, H 2.
25.3proficīscor.
25.4Cf.p. 3, n. 4.
25.5Join withinclūsum, and cf.p. 2, n. 7.
25.6dat. of purpose or service: H 433 (390): M 548: A 233,a: G 356: B 191, 2. This dat. is specially common in connection with another dat., asdeōhere (dat. of advantage).
25.7locative: H 483 (425, II): M 620: A 258,c, 2: G 411: B 228, 1.
25.8Cf.p. 3, n. 2. The whole clause is the object ofcōnsulunt, ‘consult (by asking).’
25.9Cf.p. 6, n. 1. The oracle said:Is . . . habēbit, quī . . . erit.
25.10prōlāpsus(prōlābor)cecidisset(cadō) =prōlāpsus esset et cecidisset.
25.11See Vocab.,cōnsul.
25.12Cf. VIII, 17.
25.13pariō.
25.14The sons of Tarquin, mentioned above,l. 4.
25.15=quae datae erant.datae=missae, and so is construed withadand the accusative.
25.16=prōcessērunt.
26.1nūdātōs virgīs caedunt=nūdant (eōs) et virgīs caedunt.
26.2=etiam.
26.3What does the subjunctive express?
26.4cōnor.
26.5dat. afterobinobviam. The rule regarding compound verbs (p. 2, n. 7) holds true often of nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.
26.6āgnōscō.
26.7ipse . . . incēdit: thespiritof this dramatic sentence may be reproduced thus: ‘Look at him (ēn ille)! He is actually adorned withourinsignia! See in what a lordly way he advances!’
26.8Adeō, ‘such,’ in part qualifiesīnfēstīs, in part paves the way for the result clauseut . . . caderent.
26.9Alter: ‘the remaining.’ Why may it be so translated?
26.10quantō . . . apparātū: ‘with the greatest possible splendor.’
26.11lūgeō.
Cum Porsena12Rōmam obsidēret, Mūcius, vir Rōmānae13cōnstantiae, senātum adiit et veniam14trānsfugiendī petiit, necemB.C.507rēgis reprōmittēns. Acceptā1potestāte cum in castra Porsenaevēnisset, ibi in cōnfertissimā turbā prope tribūnal cōnstitit.5Stīpendium tunc forte2mīlitibus dabātur et scrība cumrēge parī3ferē ōrnātū sedēbat. Mūcius, īgnōrāns uter rēx esset,illum prō rēge occīdit. Apprehēnsus et ad rēgem pertrāctus4dextram accēnsō5ad sacrificium foculō iniēcit, velut manumpūniēns, quod6in caede peccāsset. Attonitus mīrāculō rēx10iuvenem āmovērī ab altāribus iussit. Tum Mūcius, quasi beneficiumremūnerāns, ait trecentōs adversus eum7suī similēs coniūrāsse.Quā rē ille territus8bellum acceptīs obsidibus dēposuit.9Mūciō prāta trāns Tiberim data,10ab eō Mūcia appellāta. Statuaquoque eī11honōris grātiā cōnstitūta est.
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26.12Tarquinius Superbus had applied to Porsena, king of the Etruscan city of Clusium, for aid in the recovery of his throne. Porsena gathered a large army and marched against Rome. For this story, see Macaulay’sLays of Ancient Rome, Horatius. Modern authorities on Roman history maintain that Porsena was so successful in his operations that he compelled the Romans to submit to a very humiliating treaty.26.13We would say, ‘truly Roman.’26.14veniam trānsfugiendī: ‘permission to go over (to the enemy).’27.1Acceptā(accipiō). . . vēnisset=Cum potestātem accēpisset et . . . vēnisset.27.2Cf.p. 5, n. 19.27.3parī . . . ōrnātū: abl. abs. to denote an attendant circumstance: H 489, 1 (431, 1): M 640: A 255,d, 5: G 409,N.: B 227.27.4pertrahō.27.5accendō.27.6quod . . . peccāssetexpresses Scaevola’s thought: see H 588, II (516, II): M 851: A 321: G 541: B 286, 1, and cf.p. 14, n. 1, andp. xxi, H 4.27.7eumrefers to the king,suīto Scaevola. Scaevola’s speech was:Trecentī adversus tē meī similēs coniūrāvērunt.27.8terreō.27.9dēpōnō.27.10Sc.sunt.27.11dat. of advantage withcōnstitūta est.
26.12Tarquinius Superbus had applied to Porsena, king of the Etruscan city of Clusium, for aid in the recovery of his throne. Porsena gathered a large army and marched against Rome. For this story, see Macaulay’sLays of Ancient Rome, Horatius. Modern authorities on Roman history maintain that Porsena was so successful in his operations that he compelled the Romans to submit to a very humiliating treaty.
26.13We would say, ‘truly Roman.’
26.14veniam trānsfugiendī: ‘permission to go over (to the enemy).’
27.1Acceptā(accipiō). . . vēnisset=Cum potestātem accēpisset et . . . vēnisset.
27.2Cf.p. 5, n. 19.
27.3parī . . . ōrnātū: abl. abs. to denote an attendant circumstance: H 489, 1 (431, 1): M 640: A 255,d, 5: G 409,N.: B 227.
27.4pertrahō.
27.5accendō.
27.6quod . . . peccāssetexpresses Scaevola’s thought: see H 588, II (516, II): M 851: A 321: G 541: B 286, 1, and cf.p. 14, n. 1, andp. xxi, H 4.
27.7eumrefers to the king,suīto Scaevola. Scaevola’s speech was:Trecentī adversus tē meī similēs coniūrāvērunt.
27.8terreō.
27.9dēpōnō.
27.10Sc.sunt.
27.11dat. of advantage withcōnstitūta est.
Cum12adsiduīs Vēientium13incursiōnibus vexārentur12Rōmānī,Fabia gēns senātum adit; cōnsul Fabius prō gente loquitur:“Vōs alia bella cūrāte; Fabiōs14hostēs Vēientibus date: idbellum prīvātō sūmptū15gerere nōbīs16in animō est.” Grātiae eī5ingentēs āctae sunt. Cōnsul ē Cūriā ēgressus, comitante1Fabiōrum āgmine, domum rediit. Mānat tōtā urbe rūmor; Fabiumad2caelum laudibus ferunt. Fabiī posterō diē arma capiunt.Numquam3exercitus neque minor numerō neque clārior fāmā etadmīrātiōne hominum per urbem incessit. Ībant sex et trecentī10mīlitēs, omnēs patriciī, omnēs ūnīus gentis. Ad Cremeram flūmenperveniunt. Is opportūnus vīsus est locus commūniendō praesidiō.4Hostēs nōn5semel fūsī pācem supplicēs6petunt.
Vēientēs7pācis impetrātae cum brevī paenituisset,8redintegrātōbellō iniērunt cōnsilium īnsidiīs ferōcem hostem captandī.15Multō successū Fabiīs9audācia crēscēbat. Cum igitur pālātīpassim agrōs populārentur, pecora ā Vēientibus obviam10āctasunt; ad quae prōgressī Fabiī in īnsidiās dēlāpsī11omnēs adūnum periērunt. Diēs, quō id factum est, inter nefāstōs relātus12est; porta, quā profectī erant, Scelerāta est appellāta. Ūnus20omnīnō superfuit ex eā gente, quī propter aetātem impūberemdomī13relīctus14erat. Is15genus propāgāvit ad Quīntum16FabiumMāximum, quī Hannibalem morā17frēgit.18
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27.12The subjunctive expresses both time and cause: cf.p. 2, n. 13, andp. xxii, J.27.13The Veientes fought almost constantly against Rome from a very early time (cf. IV, 57; Livy says that they were defeated by Romulus) till their city was completely destroyed in 396B.C.27.14Fabiōs . . . date: ‘give the Veientes the Fabii as their enemies,’ i.e. let the war against the Veientes be the special business of the Fabii.27.15Cf.p. 24, n. 9.27.16nōbīs . . . est: sincenōbīsis a dat. of possession (H 430 (387): M 542: A 231: G 349: B 190) withest, the phrase exactly = ‘we have it in mind.’ The subject ofestis the clauseid . . . gerere.Fabiōsis strongly opposed tovōs.28.1comitante . . . āgmine: ‘the Fabii accompanying him in a body.’ How literally?28.2ad . . . ferunt: so we ‘laud a person to the skies.’28.3Numquam . . . neque . . . neque: in Latin, as in English, two negatives neutralize each other and make an affirmative. To this law there are two regular exceptions in Latin: When a general negative likenōn,numquam, ornēmōis followed (1) byneque . . . nequeor (2) by the emphaticnē . . . quidem. In the former case the negation is distributed by theneque . . . nequeinto two (or more) clauses or phrases; in the latter, the full weight of the negation is concentrated upon a single word or phrase. In English a single negative is always to be employed.28.4dat. of purpose: cf.p. 25, n. 6. This construction is especially frequent with phrases consisting of a gerundive and a noun.28.5nōn semel: ‘not once (only),’ i.e. repeatedly.28.6Cf.p. 4, n. 4.28.7Vēientēs . . . paenituisset: lit., ‘when it had repented the V. of the peace which they had secured.’ What is our idiom?paenituissetis wholly impersonal;Vēientēsis acc., though logically its subject, andpācisis gen., though logically its object. H 457 (409, III): M 585: A 221,b: G 377: B 209.28.8Seep. 2, n. 13.28.9dat.of reference: H 425, 4,N.(384, 4,N.2): M 537: A 235,a: G 346: B 187, II.28.10Sc.eīs: ‘to meet them.’28.11dēlābor.28.12refero.28.13locative: H 484, 2 (426, 2): M 622: A 258,d: G 411,R.2: B 232, 2.28.14relinquō.28.15Is . . . Māximum: freely ‘he saved the family from extinction and became the ancestor of Maximus.’28.16See Selection XIX.28.17Fabius, by his ‘policy of masterly inactivity,’ gained the title ofCunctātor, ‘the Delayer.’28.18frangō.
27.12The subjunctive expresses both time and cause: cf.p. 2, n. 13, andp. xxii, J.
27.13The Veientes fought almost constantly against Rome from a very early time (cf. IV, 57; Livy says that they were defeated by Romulus) till their city was completely destroyed in 396B.C.
27.14Fabiōs . . . date: ‘give the Veientes the Fabii as their enemies,’ i.e. let the war against the Veientes be the special business of the Fabii.
27.15Cf.p. 24, n. 9.
27.16nōbīs . . . est: sincenōbīsis a dat. of possession (H 430 (387): M 542: A 231: G 349: B 190) withest, the phrase exactly = ‘we have it in mind.’ The subject ofestis the clauseid . . . gerere.Fabiōsis strongly opposed tovōs.
28.1comitante . . . āgmine: ‘the Fabii accompanying him in a body.’ How literally?
28.2ad . . . ferunt: so we ‘laud a person to the skies.’
28.3Numquam . . . neque . . . neque: in Latin, as in English, two negatives neutralize each other and make an affirmative. To this law there are two regular exceptions in Latin: When a general negative likenōn,numquam, ornēmōis followed (1) byneque . . . nequeor (2) by the emphaticnē . . . quidem. In the former case the negation is distributed by theneque . . . nequeinto two (or more) clauses or phrases; in the latter, the full weight of the negation is concentrated upon a single word or phrase. In English a single negative is always to be employed.
28.4dat. of purpose: cf.p. 25, n. 6. This construction is especially frequent with phrases consisting of a gerundive and a noun.
28.5nōn semel: ‘not once (only),’ i.e. repeatedly.
28.6Cf.p. 4, n. 4.
28.7Vēientēs . . . paenituisset: lit., ‘when it had repented the V. of the peace which they had secured.’ What is our idiom?paenituissetis wholly impersonal;Vēientēsis acc., though logically its subject, andpācisis gen., though logically its object. H 457 (409, III): M 585: A 221,b: G 377: B 209.
28.8Seep. 2, n. 13.
28.9dat.of reference: H 425, 4,N.(384, 4,N.2): M 537: A 235,a: G 346: B 187, II.
28.10Sc.eīs: ‘to meet them.’
28.11dēlābor.
28.12refero.
28.13locative: H 484, 2 (426, 2): M 622: A 258,d: G 411,R.2: B 232, 2.
28.14relinquō.
28.15Is . . . Māximum: freely ‘he saved the family from extinction and became the ancestor of Maximus.’
28.16See Selection XIX.
28.17Fabius, by his ‘policy of masterly inactivity,’ gained the title ofCunctātor, ‘the Delayer.’
28.18frangō.
Annō trecentēsimō1ab urbe2conditā prō duōbus cōnsulibusdecemvirī creātī sunt, quī3adlātās ē Graeciā lēgēs populōprōpōnerent.4Duodecim5tabulīs6eae sunt perscrīptae. Cēterumdecemvirī7suā8ipsōrum īnsolentiā in exitium āctī sunt. Nam5ūnus ex iīs Appius Claudius virginem plēbēiam adamāvit. Quam9cum Appius nōn posset pretiō ac spē perlicere, ūnum ēclientibus10subōrnāvit, quī eam in11servitūtem dēpōsceret,12facilevictūrum13sē spērāns, cum ipse esset et accūsātor et iūdex. LūciusVirgīnius, puellae pater, tunc aberat mīlitiae causā. Cliēns igitur10virginī14venientī in Forum (namque ibi in tabernīs litterārum15lūdī erant) iniēcit manum, adfīrmāns suam esse servam. Eamsequī sē iubet; nīfaciat,16minātur sē vī abstrāctūrum. Pavidāpuellā17stupente,17ad clāmōrem nūtrīcis fit concursus. Itaque cumille puellam vī nōn posset abdūcere, eam vocat in iūs, ipsō15Appiō17iūdice.17
Intereā missī nūntiī ad Virgīnium properant. Is commeātūsūmptō ā castrīs profectus prīmā lūce Rōmam advēnit, cum iamcīvitās in Forō exspectātiōne ērēcta stābat. Virgīnius statim inForum lacrimābundus et cīvium opem implōrāns fīliam suam20dēdūcit. Neque1eō sētius Appius, cum in tribūnal ēscendisset,Virgīniam clientī suō addīxit. Tum pater, ubi nihil ūsquamauxiliī2vīdit, “Quaesō,” inquit “Appī, īgnōsce patriō dolōrī3;sine mē fīliam ultimum adloquī.” Datā veniā pater cum fīliamsēdūxisset, ab laniō cultrō4adreptō pectus puellae trānsfīgit.25Tum vērō sibi viam facit et respersus cruōre ad exercitum profugitet mīlitēs ad vindicandum facinus accendit. Concitātusexercitus montem Aventīnum īnsēdit; decem tribūnōs5mīlitumB.C.449.creāvit; decemvirōs magistrātū sē abdicāre coēgit6eōsque omnēsaut morte aut exiliō multāvit; ipse Appius Claudius in carcerem30coniectus mortem sibi cōnscīvit.7
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29.1The dating is not exact, as the Decemvirs were elected in 451B.C.29.2Cf.p. 5, n. 15.29.3quī . . . prōpōnerent: i.e. after studying the laws of Greece, they were to draw up a code and submit it to the people.29.4Cf.p. 5, n. 3.29.5From this circumstance the code was known as theLēgēs XII Tabulārum.29.6abl. of means; we say ‘ontablets.’ The tablets were of bronze. For many centuries Roman schoolboys had to commit these laws to memory.29.7The Decemvirs had been elected for one year, at the end of which time they reported their work still unfinished, and a second board was chosen. The story that follows concerns the second board. All accounts agree that the rule of the first board was in all respects just.29.8suā ipsōrum: a strong expression for ‘their own.’29.9Cf.p. 4, n. 3.29.10See Vocab.,cliēns.29.11in servitūtemexpresses purpose (cf.p. 14, n. 4), and so =ut serva esset.29.12Cf.p. 5, n. 3.29.13vincō.29.14Join withiniēcit manum, and cf.p. 2, n. 7.29.15litterārum lūdī: schools where children were taught their A B C’s, i.e. what we should call ‘primary schools.’29.16subjunctive as the subordinate clause of the indirect quotation, which depends onminātur. The threat was:Nī (id) fēceris, vī (tē) abstraham.29.17abl. abs.30.1Neque eō sētius: ‘nevertheless.’ How literally?eō= ‘for that reason.’30.2partitive gen. withnihil: H 441 (397, 1): M 564: A 216,a, 3: G 369: B 201, 2.30.3dat. withīgnōsce: H 426, 2 (385, II): M 531: A 227: G 346: B 187, II,a.30.4cultrō . . . trānsfīgit: cf.p. 2, n. 8.30.5tribūnōs: two armies were in the field against the Sabines and Aequians. The eight Decemvirs who commanded them were deposed, and ten tribunes, or ‘captains,’ were chosen in their place.30.6cōgō.30.7cōnscīscō. With this whole story cf. Macaulay’sLays,Virginia.
29.1The dating is not exact, as the Decemvirs were elected in 451B.C.
29.2Cf.p. 5, n. 15.
29.3quī . . . prōpōnerent: i.e. after studying the laws of Greece, they were to draw up a code and submit it to the people.
29.4Cf.p. 5, n. 3.
29.5From this circumstance the code was known as theLēgēs XII Tabulārum.
29.6abl. of means; we say ‘ontablets.’ The tablets were of bronze. For many centuries Roman schoolboys had to commit these laws to memory.
29.7The Decemvirs had been elected for one year, at the end of which time they reported their work still unfinished, and a second board was chosen. The story that follows concerns the second board. All accounts agree that the rule of the first board was in all respects just.
29.8suā ipsōrum: a strong expression for ‘their own.’
29.9Cf.p. 4, n. 3.
29.10See Vocab.,cliēns.
29.11in servitūtemexpresses purpose (cf.p. 14, n. 4), and so =ut serva esset.
29.12Cf.p. 5, n. 3.
29.13vincō.
29.14Join withiniēcit manum, and cf.p. 2, n. 7.
29.15litterārum lūdī: schools where children were taught their A B C’s, i.e. what we should call ‘primary schools.’
29.16subjunctive as the subordinate clause of the indirect quotation, which depends onminātur. The threat was:Nī (id) fēceris, vī (tē) abstraham.
29.17abl. abs.
30.1Neque eō sētius: ‘nevertheless.’ How literally?eō= ‘for that reason.’
30.2partitive gen. withnihil: H 441 (397, 1): M 564: A 216,a, 3: G 369: B 201, 2.
30.3dat. withīgnōsce: H 426, 2 (385, II): M 531: A 227: G 346: B 187, II,a.
30.4cultrō . . . trānsfīgit: cf.p. 2, n. 8.
30.5tribūnōs: two armies were in the field against the Sabines and Aequians. The eight Decemvirs who commanded them were deposed, and ten tribunes, or ‘captains,’ were chosen in their place.
30.6cōgō.
30.7cōnscīscō. With this whole story cf. Macaulay’sLays,Virginia.
Titus Mānlius ob ingeniī et linguae tarditātem ā patre rūs8relēgātus erat. Quī cum audīvisset patrī9diem dictam esse āPompōniō, tribūnō plēbis, cēpit cōnsilium rudis quidem et agrestisanimī,10sed pietāte laudābile. Cultrō succinctus māne in5urbem atque ā portā cōnfēstim ad11Pompōnium pergit:intrōductus12cultrum stringit et super lectum Pompōniī stāns sē eumtrānsfīxūrum minātur, nisi ab inceptā accūsātiōne dēsistat.13Pavidustribūnus, quīppe1quī cerneret ferrum ante oculōs micāns, accūsātiōnemdīmīsit. Ea rēs adulēscentī2eō3māiōrī4fuit honōrī10quod animum ēius acerbitās paterna ā pietāte nōn āvertisset,ideōque eōdem annō tribūnus mīlitum factus est.
Cum posteā Gallī5ad tertium6lapidem trāns Aniēnem fluviumcastra posuissent, exercitus Rōmānus ab urbe profectus in citeriōresee captionMĪLIĀRIUMrīpā fluviī cōnstitit. Pōns in mediō7erat: tunc GallusB.C.361.15eximiā corporis māgnitūdine in vacuum pontemprōcessit et quam8māximā vōce potuit “Quemnunc” inquit “Rōma fortissimum habet, is prōcēdat9agedum ad pūgnam, ut ēventus certāminis nostrīostendat utra gēns bellō sit melior.” Diū inter20prīmōrēs iuvenum Rōmānōrum silentium fuit. TumTitus Mānlius ex statiōne ad imperātōrem pergit:“Iniussū10tuō,” inquit, “imperātor, extrā ōrdinemnumquam pūgnāverim,11nōn sī certam victōriamvideam11; sī tū permittis, volō ego illī bēluae ostendere mē ex eā25familiā ortum esse, quae Gallōrum āgmen ex rūpe Tarpēiā dēiēcit.”12Cuī imperātor “Macte1virtūte,” inquit “Tite Mānlī, estō: pergeet nōmen Rōmānum invictum praestā.”
Armant deinde iuvenem aequālēs: scūtum capit, Hispānō2cingitur3gladiō, ad propiōrem4pūgnam habilī. Exspectābat eumsee captionGLADIUS30Gallus stolidē laetus et linguam ab inrīsū exserēns.Ubi cōnstitēre5inter duās aciēs, Gallus ēnsem cumingentī sonitū in arma Mānliī dēiēcit. Mānlius vērōinter corpus et arma Gallī sēsē īnsinuāns ūnō6alterōqueīctū ventrem trānsfōdit et in spatium ingēns35ruentem porrēxit hostem; iacentī7torquem dētrāxit,quem cruōre respersum8collō9circumdedit10suō.Dēfīxerat pavor11cum admīrātiōne Gallōs; Rōmānīalacrēs obviam mīlitī suō prōgrediuntur et grātulantēslaudantēsque ad imperātōrem perdūcunt. Mānlius40inde Torquātī cōgnōmen accēpit.
Īdem Mānlius, posteā cōnsul factus bellō Latīnō,ut dīsciplīnam mīlitārem restitueret, ēdīxit nē12quisextrā ōrdinem in hostēs pūgnāret. T. Mānlius,13cōnsulis fīlius, cum propius forte ad statiōnem hostium45accessisset, is, quī Latīnō equitātuī praeerat, ubi cōnsulis fīliumāgnōvit,14“Vīsne” inquit “congredī mēcum, ut singulāris certāminisēventū cernātur, quantum eques Latīnus Rōmānō praestet?”Mōvit ferōcem animum iuvenis seu īra seu dētrēctandī15certāminis pudor. Itaque oblītus1imperiī2paternī in certāmen50ruit et Latīnum3ex equō excussum trānsfīxit spoliīsque lēctīssee captionLĪCTORin castra ad patrem vēnit. Extemplō fīlium āversātuscōnsul mīlitēs classicō advocat. Quī postquamfrequentēs convēnēre, “Quandōquidem” inquit “tū,fīlī, contrā imperium cōnsulis pūgnāstī, oportet455dīsciplīnam, quam solvistī, poenā5tuā restituās.Trīste exemplum, sed in6posterum salūbre iuventūtīeris. Ī,7līctor, dēligā8ad pālum.” Metū omnēsobstupuēre; sed postquam cervīce caesā fūsus est cruor, in questūset lāmenta ērūpēre.9Mānliō Rōmam redeuntī seniōrēs tantum60obviam exiērunt: iuventūs et tunc eum et omnī10deinde vītāexsecrāta est.
Operae pretium erit aliud sevēritātis dīsciplīnae Rōmānaeexemplum prōferre, simul ut appāreat quam facile sevēritās in11crūdēlitātem et furōrem abeat. Cn. Pīsō fuit12vir ā multīs vitiīs65integer, sed prāvus et cuī13placēbat prō cōnstantiā rigor. Iscum īrātus ad mortem dūcī iussisset mīlitem, quasi14interfēcissetcommīlitōnem, cum quō ēgressus erat ē castrīs et sine quō redierat,rogantī15tempus aliquod ad conquīrendum16nōn dedit.Damnātus mīles extrā castrōrum vāllum ductus est et iam cervīcem70porrigēbat, cum subitō appāruit ille commīlitō, quī occīsus17dīcēbātur. Tunc centuriō suppliciō praepositus condere gladiumcarnificem iubet. Ambō commīlitōnēs alter alterum complexīingentī concursū et māgnō gaudiō exercitūs dēdūcuntur ad Pīsōnem.Ille cōnscendit tribūnal furēns et utrumque ad mortem75dūcī iubet, adicit et centuriōnem, quī damnātum mīlitem redūxerat,haec praefātus1: “Tē morte plectī iubeō, quia iam damnātuses; tē, quia causa damnātiōnis commīlitōnī fuistī; tē, quiaiussus occīdere mīlitem imperātōrī2nōn pāruistī.”
Cēterum Mānliānae gentis3propriam ferē fuisse4illam in80fīliōs acerbitātem alius Mānlius, illīus dē quō suprā dīximusnepōs, ostendit. Cum Macedonum lēgātī Rōmam vēnissentconquestum5dē Sīlānō, Mānliī Torquātī fīliō, quod praetor6prōvinciamexpīlāsset,7pater, avītae sevēritātis hērēs, petiit ā patribus8cōnscrīptīs nē quid dē eā rē statuerent, antequam ipse īnspexisset85Macedonum et fīliī suī causam. Id ā senātū libenter concessumest virō summae9dīgnitātis, cōnsulārī iūrisque cīvīlis perītissimō.Itaque, īnstitūtā domī cōgnitiōne causae, sōlus per tōtum bīduumutramque partem audiēbat ac tertiō diē prōnūntiāvit fīlium suumvidērī nōn tālem fuisse in prōvinciā, quālēs ēius māiōrēs fuissent,90et in cōnspectum suum deinceps venīre vetuit. Tam trīstī patrisiūdiciō perculsus10lūcem11ulterius intuērī nōn sustinuit etproximā12nocte vītam suspendiō fīnīvit. Perēgerat13Torquātus sevērīet religiōsī iūdicis partēs,14satisfactum erat reī pūblicae, habēbatultiōnem Macedonia, at nōndum erat īnflexus patris rigor. Igitur95nē15exsequiīs quidem fīliī interfuit, ut patribus mōs erat apudRōmānōs, et eō ipsō diē, quō fūnus ēius dūcēbātur, aurēs, utsolēbat, volentibus cōnsulere sē dē iūre praebuit.
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