77.1efficiet nē . . . dēpōnat: ‘will prevent any one from resigning.’ For the subjunctivedēpōnat, seep. 9, n. 6.77.2The indefinite pronounquisoccurs chiefly aftersī,nisi,nē, andnum. Elsewherealiquisis used.77.11Cf.p. 76, n. 1.77.12‘ability.’77.13Sc.est.77.14The offices mentioned here formed thecursus honōrum, or official career, through which all desirous of political distinction were required to pass. The aedileship, however, might be omitted.78.1Cf.p. 72, n. 2. Lucullus assumed command against Mithridates in 74B.C.78.2‘surpassed,’ ‘outstripped.’78.3causal abl., explained byquod . . . exspectābātur.78.4‘ability.’78.5forēnsī operā: ‘legal business,’ i.e. the practice of law. In or near the Forum were the law courts, as well as business places in general.78.6in Asiae pāce: ‘in Asia, which was then at peace.’78.7quīdamis often used, as here, to soften a phrase which the writer fears may seem exaggerated.78.8ūsūs dīsciplīnam: ‘the training of experience.’78.9iter et nāvigātiōnem: ‘voyage.’78.10‘experts.’ Sc.reī mīlitāris.78.11rēbus gestīs: ‘history’; here, of course, military history especially.78.12Cf. our use of the word ‘finished.’78.13The statements in lines 9-15 are untrue, since Lucullus had served with distinction under Sulla in the first Mithridatic War.78.14King of Armenia, and son-in-law of Mithridates, with whom he had formed alliance.78.15ultimam . . . potuit: ‘his failure to put the finishing touches (ultimam manum) to the war was due more to unwillingness than to inability.’ How literally? Here too the biographer shows his prejudice. Lucullus’ failure to end the war was due to the mutiny of his soldiers, who were weary of their incessant exertions, and angry because L. did not permit them to gratify their greed for plunder.78.16‘(though) praiseworthy.’invictusmust be similarly translated.78.17Cf.p. 18, n. 7.78.18‘convenience.’79.1mōlēs . . . iniēcit: ‘he built huge structures out into the sea.’79.2Cf.p. 73, n. 10. Xerxes, king of Persia, made an expedition against Greece in 480B.C., in the course of which he executed certain important engineering works.79.3adsuēscō.79.4prōspectū . . . pulcherrimam: ‘with a very beautiful view and promenade.’prōspectūandambulātiōneare abl. of specification.79.5Why subjunctive?79.6utpote sōlī=quod sōlus erat. In phrases like this Latin suffers from the lack of a present part. tosum.80.1dedit ūtendōs: i.e. loaned them. Forūtendōs, seep. 2, n. 18.80.2The Muses were patrons of literature in its various forms.Text-only versionXXVI.Gnaeus Pompēius Māgnussee captionPOMPEYGnaeus Pompēius,3stirpis senātōriae, bellō4cīvīlī sē et patrem cōnsiliō servāvit. Cum enimPompēī pater exercituī suō ob avāritiam essetinvīsus, factā in eum cōnspīrātiōne, Terentius5quīdam, Gnaeī Pompēī fīliī5contubernālis, hunc6occīdendum suscēpit, dum7aliī tabernāculumpatris incenderent.7Quae rēs cum iuvenī Pompēiōcēnantī nūntiāta esset, nihil perīculō mōtussolitō8hilarius bibit et cum Terentiō eādem,10quā9anteā, cōmitāte ūsus est. Deinde cubiculum ingressus clamsubdūxit sē tentōriō et fīrmam patrī circumdedit cūstōdiam.Terentius tum dēstrictō ēnse ad lectum Pompēī accessit multīsqueīctibus strāgula percussit.10Ortā mox sēditiōne Pompēius sē inmedia coniēcit āgmina, mīlitēsque tumultuantēs precibus et lacrimīs15plācāvit ac ducī reconciliāvit.Eōdem bellō Pompēius partēs Sullae secūtus ita sē gessit ut abeō māximē dīligerētur. Annōs trēs et vīgintī nātus, ut Sullaeauxiliō venīret, paternī exercitūs reliquiās conlēgit, statimquedux perītus exstitit.1Māgnus illīus apud mīlitem amor, māgna20apud omnēs admīrātiō fuit; nūllus eī2labor taediō,2nūlladēfatīgātiō molestiae2erat. Cibī3vīnīque3temperāns, somnī parcus4;inter mīlitēs corpus exercēns cum alacribus saltū,5cum vēlōcibuscursū,5cum validīs luctandō5certābat. Tum ad Sullam iterintendit et in eō itinere trēs hostium exercitūs aut fūdit aut sibi25adiūnxit. Quem ubi Sulla ad sē accēdere audīvit ēgregiamquesub sīgnīs iuventūtem āspexit, dēsiliit ex equō Pompēiumquesalūtāvit imperātōrem et posteā eī6venientī solēbat sellāadsurgere et caput aperīre et equō dēscendere, quem honōrem nēminīnisi Pompēiō tribuēbat.30Posteā Pompēius in Siciliam profectus est, ut eam ā Carbōne,Sullae inimīcō, occupātam reciperet. Carbō comprehēnsus et adPompēium ductus est: quem Pompēius, etsi Carbō7muliebritermortem extimēscēns dēmissē et flēbiliter mortem dēprecābātur,ad supplicium dūcī iussit. Longē moderātior fuit Pompēius ergā35Sthenium, Siciliae cūiusdam cīvitātis prīncipem. Cum enim ineam cīvitātem animadvertere dēcrēvisset, quae8sibi adversātafuisset, inīquē eum factūrum Sthenius exclāmāvit,9sī ob ūnīusculpam omnēs pūnīret. Interrogantī Pompēiō quisnam ille ūnusesset, “Ego” inquit Sthenius “quī cīvēs meōs ad id indūxī.”40Tam līberā vōce dēlectātus Pompēius omnibus et Stheniō ipsīpepercit.1Trānsgressus inde in Āfricam Iarbam, Numidiae rēgem, quīMariī partibus favēbat, bellō persecūtus intrā diēs quadrāgintāoppressit et Āfricam subēgit adulēscēns2quattuor et vīgintī45annōrum. Deinde cum litterae eī ā Sullā redditae essent, quibusexercitū3dīmissō cum ūnā legiōne successōrem exspectāreiubēbātur, Pompēius, quamquam aegrē id ferēbat, tamen pāruit etRōmam revertit. Revertentī incrēdibilis hominum multitūdōobviam īvit; Sulla quoque laetus eum excēpit et Māgnī50cōgnōmine cōnsalūtāvit. Nihilō minus Pompēiō triumphum petentīrestitit: neque vērō eā rē ā prōpositō dēterritus est Pompēiusaususque4dīcere plūrēs adōrāre sōlem orientem quam occidentem:quō dictō innuēbat Sullae potentiam minuī, suam crēscere.Eā vōce audītā Sulla, cōnfīdentiā adulēscentis perculsus,555“Triumphet! triumphet!” exclāmāvit.Metellō6iam senī7et bellum in Hispāniā sēgnius gerentīconlēga datus Pompēius adversus Sertōrium variō ēventū dīmicāvit.Māximum ibi in proeliō quōdam perīculum subiit: cum enim virvāstā corporis māgnitūdine impetum in eum fēcisset, Pompēius60manum amputāvit; sed multīs8in eum concurrentibus vulnus infemore accēpit et ā suīs fugientibus dēsertus in9hostium potestāteerat. At praeter spem ēvāsit: barbarī enim equum ēius aurōphalerīsque eximiīs īnstrūctum cēperant. Dum igitur praedaminter sē altercantēs10partiuntur, Pompēius eōrum manūs effūgit.65Alterō proeliō cum Metellus Pompēiō labōrantī auxiliō vēnisset,Sertōrius recēdere coāctus dīxisse fertur: “Nisi anus illasupervēnisset,1ego hunc puerum verberibus castīgātum Rōmamdīmīsissem.”1Metellum anum appellābat, quia is, iam senex,2admollem et effēminātam vītam dēflexerat. Sertōriō interfectō70Pompēius Hispāniam recēpit.see captionNĀVIS PĪRĀTACum3pīrātae illā tempestātemaria omnia īnfēstārent3et quāsdametiam Ītaliae urbēs dīripuissent,3B.C.67.ad eōs opprimendōs75cum imperiō extraōrdināriōmissus est Pompēius. Nimiaevirī potentiae obsistēbant quīdamex optimātibus et imprīmīs Quīntus Catulus. Quī cum in cōntiōnedīxisset esse quidem4praeclārum virum Cn. Pompēium, sed4nōn80esse ūnī omnia tribuenda, adiēcissetque: “Sī quid huīc acciderit,quem in ēius locum substituētis?” summō cōnsēnsū succlāmāvitūniversa cōntiō, “Tē, Quīnte Catule.” Tam honōrificō cīviumtēstimōniō victus Catulus ē cōntiōne discessit. Pompēius,dispositīs5per omnēs maris recessūs nāvibus, brevī terrārum orbem85illā pēste līberāvit; praedōnēs multīs locīs victōs fūdit; eōsdemin dēditiōnem acceptōs in urbibus et agrīs procul ā marīconlocāvit. Nihil hāc victōriā celerius, nam intrā quadrāgēsimumdiem pīrātās tōtō marī expulit.B.C.66.Cōnfectō bellō pīrāticō, Gnaeus Pompēius contrā Mithridātem90profectus in Asiam māgnā celeritāte contendit. Proeliumcum rēge cōnserere cupiēbat, neque6opportūna dabāturpūgnandī facultās, quia Mithridātēs interdiū castrīs sē continēbat,noctū vērō haud tūtum erat congredī cum hoste in locīs īgnōtīs.Nocte tamen aliquandō cum Pompēius Mithridātem aggressus95esset, lūna māgnō fuit Rōmānīs adiūmentō. Quam cum Rōmānīā1tergō habērent, umbrae corporum longius prōiectae ad prīmōsūsque hostium ōrdinēs pertinēbant, unde dēceptī rēgiī mīlitēs inumbrās, tamquam in propinquum hostem, tēla mittēbant. VictusMithridātēs in Pontum profūgit. Pharnacēs fīlius bellum eī100intulit, quī, occīsīs ā patre frātribus, vītae suae ipse timēbat.Mithridātēs ā fīliō obsessus2venēnum sūmpsit; quod cum tardiussubīret, quia adversus venēna multīs anteā medicāmentīs corpusfīrmāverat, ā mīlite Gallō, ā3quō ut adiuvāret sē petierat,interfectus est.105Tigrānī deinde, Armeniae rēgī, quī Mithridātis partēs secūtuserat, Pompēius bellum intulit eumque ad dēditiōnem compulit.see captionDIADĒMAQuī cum prōcubuisset ad genua Pompēī, eumērēxit,4et benīgnīs verbīs recreātum diadēma,quod abiēcerat, capitī repōnere iussit, aequē5110pulchrum esse iūdicāns et vincere rēgēs etfacere. Inde in Iūdaeam profectus Rōmānōrumprīmus6Iūdaeōs domuit, Hierosolyma,B.C.63.caput gentis, cēpit, templumque iūre7victōriae ingressus est. Rēbus Asiae115compositīs, in Italiam versus8ad urbem9vēnit, nōn, ut plērīquetimuerant, armātus, sed dīmissō exercitū, et tertium triumphumbīduō10dūxit. Īnsīgnis fuit multīs novīs inūsitātīsque ōrnāmentīshīc triumphus; sed nihil inlūstrius vīsum, quam quod11tribustriumphīs trēs orbis partēs dēvictae causam praebuerant: Pompēius120enim, quod1anteā contigerat nēminī, prīmum ex Āfricā,iterum ex Eurōpā, tertiō ex Asiā triumphāvit, fēlīx opīniōnehominum futūrus, sī, quem2glōriae, eundem vītae fīnem habuissetneque adversam fortūnam esset expertus iam senex.B.C.49.Posteriōre enim tempore ortā inter Pompēium et Caesarem3125gravī dissēnsiōne, quod4hīc5superiōrem, ille5parem ferrenōn posset, bellum cīvīle exārsit. Caesar īnfēstō6exercitūin Ītaliam vēnit. Pompēius, relīctā urbe ac deinde Ītaliā ipsā,Thessaliam petit et cum eō cōnsulēs senātusque omnis: quemīnsecūtus Caesar apud Pharsālum aciē fūdit. Victus Pompēius130ad Ptolemaeum, Aegyptī rēgem, cuī tūtor ā senātū datus erat,profūgit, quī Pompēium interficī iussit. Latus Pompēī sub oculīsuxōris et līberōrum mūcrōne cōnfossum est, caput praecīsum,truncus in Nīlum coniectus. Deinde caput cum ānulō ad Caesaremdēlātum est, quī eō vīsō lacrimās nōn continēns illud135multīs pretiōsissimīsque odōribus cremandum cūrāvit.Is fuit Pompēī post trēs cōnsulātūs et totidem triumphōs vītaeexitus. Erant in Pompēiō multae et māgnae virtūtēs ac praecipuēadmīranda frūgālitās. Cum eī aegrōtantī praecēpissetmedicus ut turdum ederet, negārent autem7servī eam avem140ūsquam aestīvō tempore posse reperīrī, nisi apud Lūcullum, quīturdōs domī sagīnāret, vetuit Pompēius turdum inde petī, medicōquedīxit: “Ergō,8nisi Lūcullus perditus dēliciīs esset, nōn vīveretPompēius?” Aliam avem, quae parābilis esset, sibi iussitappōnī.145Virīs1doctīs māgnum honōrem habēbat Pompēius. Ex Syriādēcēdēns, cōnfectō bellō Mithridāticō, cum Rhodum vēnisset,Posīdōnium cupiit audīre2; sed cum audīvisset eum graviter esseaegrum, quod3vehementer ēius artūs labōrārent, voluit tamennōbilissimum philosophum vīsere. Mōs erat ut, cōnsule4aedēs150aliquās ingressūrō, līctor forēs percuteret,5admonēns cōnsulemadesse, at Pompēius forēs Posīdōniī percutī honōris causā vetuit.Quem ut vīdit et salūtāvit, molestē sē dīxit ferre, quod eum nōnposset audīre. At ille “Tū vērō” inquit “potes, nec committamut dolor corporis efficiat5ut frūstrā tantus vir ad mē vēnerit.5”155Itaque cubāns graviter et cōpiōsē dē hōc ipsō disputāvit: nihilesse6bonum nisi quod honestum esset, nihil malum dīcī posse,quod turpe nōn esset. Cum vērō dolōrēs ācriter eum pungerent,saepe “Nihil agis,” inquit “dolor! quamvīs7sīs molestus, numquamtē esse malum cōnfitēbor.”Skip tonext selection.80.3See Vocab.,Pompēius.80.4The reference is to the war between Marius and Sulla. See selectionsXXIVandXXV.80.5Cf.iuvenī,l. 7. We should say ‘the younger.’ He was at this time but nineteen years of age.80.6hunc . . . suscēpit: ‘undertook to kill him.’ How literally? Foroccīdendum, seep. 2, n. 18.80.7dum, though meaning ‘while’ (cf.p. xx, G 2), takes the subjunctive here because of the informal indir. disc. Terenti said:fīlium . . . suscipiam dum aliī incenditis.80.8solitō hilarius: ‘with (even) more gaiety than usual.’solitōis here a noun. Neuter adj. and part. are often so used. For its case, seep. 10, n. 18.80.9quā anteā: sc.ūsus erat.80.10percutiō.81.1‘proved himself.’81.2Seep. 25, n. 6.81.3objective gen. (p. 14, n. 15) with the part.temperāns, which here = a simple adj. Sosomnīis obj. gen. withparcus.81.4Sc.erat.81.5abl. of specification.81.6eī venientī: ‘(as a mark of respect) to him when approaching.’eīis a dat. of advantage withadsurgere.81.7Afterquem, whose antecedent isCarbō,l. 31, this word might have been omitted without loss of clearness. In fact, such omission is the more usual construction.81.8quae . . . fuisset: causal. Note that in forming the pluperfect subjunctive certain writers often usefuissetforesset.81.9What were the exact words of Sthenius?82.1parcō.82.2‘(being then) a young man.’ Cf.p. 44, n. 12.82.3exercitū dīmissō . . . exspectāre=exercitum dīmittere et . . . exspectāre.82.4Cf.p. 13, n. 12.82.5percellō.82.6Quintus Caecilius Metellus, proconsul in Spain 79-76B.C.82.7senī: ‘because he was old.’82.8multīs . . . concurrentibus: the abl. abs. here denotes both time and cause; seep. xxiii, K 6. The prefix inconcurrentibusconveys the idea of ‘from every side.’82.9in . . . erat=ab hostibus captus est.82.10altercantēs partiuntur: lit., ‘wrangling they divided’ = ‘they wrangled about the division.’83.1Why subjunctive?83.2‘thoughalready old.’ The thought is that luxury and effeminacy are especially unbecoming to old age.83.3Seep. xx, H 2. What is the meaning of the change of tense indīripuissent?83.4Cf.p. 10, n. 10.83.5Seep. xxiii, K 10.83.6neque . . . facultās: ‘but no opportunity,’ etc.84.1ā tergō: ‘in the rear.’ Seep. 11, n. 10.84.2obsideō.84.3ā quō . . . petierat: ‘whom he had asked to help him.’ How literally?ut adiuvāret sēis a substantive clause of purpose and object ofpetierat. Seep. 7, n. 20.84.4ērigō.84.5aequē . . . facere: lit., ‘because he thought it an equally fine thing both to conquer kings and to create them.’ The expression is somewhat careless. We would say: ‘as glorious to create kings as to conquer them.’aequē pulchrumis predicate,et vincere . . . et faceresubject toesse.84.6prīmus . . . domuit: cf.p. 38, n. 1.84.7iūre victōriae: ‘by right of (i.e. on the strength of) his victory.’84.8‘turning’; lit., ‘having turned himself.’ Cf. n. oncingitur,XIII, l. 29.84.9‘the City,’ i.e. Rome.84.10Cf.p. xvii, D 1.84.11quod . . . praebuerant: ‘the fact that the conquest of (the) three parts,’ etc. Cf.p. 5, n. 15, andp. xxiv, L 4.85.1‘something which’; its antecedent is the clauseprīmum. . . triumphāvitbelow.85.2Withquem glōriae, sc.fīnem habuit.85.3The famous C. Julius Caesar, for whom see next selection.85.4quod . . . posset: ‘because (as men said) the one,’ etc. For the subjunctive, seep. xxi, H 4.85.5hīc . . . ille: ‘the one (Caesar) . . . the other (Pompey).’85.6īnfēstō exercitū: abl. of accompaniment: H 474, 2,N.1 (419, III, 1, 1):M 634: A 243,a,N.: G 392,R.1: B 222, 1.85.7autemcontrastsnegārentwithpraecēpisset. There is a contrast also betweenservīandmedicus.85.8Ergō . . . Pompēius? The force of this sentence can be given only by a free rendering, thus: ‘Shall it be said, then, that Pompey would not be alive, had not Lucullus ruined himself by his luxury?’86.1Virīs . . . habēbat: ‘he highly honored learned men.’86.2audiō, like our ‘hear,’ is often used of listening to lectures or to teachers.86.3quod . . . labōrārent: i.e. because he had the gout.86.4cōnsule . . . ingressūrō: ‘whenever the consul,’ etc.; a temporal abl. abs.86.5Subjunctive in substantive clauses of result: seep. xix, F 3.86.6infinitive, because the clause in which it stands is in apposition tohōc. This use of the infin. is common.86.7quamvīs sīs: concessive subjunctive: H 586, II (515, III): M 875: A 313,a: G 606: B 308.Text-only versionXXVII.Gāius Iūlius Caesarsee captionCAESARC. Iūlius Caesar,8nōbilissimā Iūliōrum genitusfamiliā,9annum agēns sextum et decimum patremāmīsit. Cornēliam, Cinnae10fīliam, dūxit uxōrem;cūius pater cum esset Sullae inimīcissimus, is115Caesarem voluit compellere ut eam repudiāret;neque12id potuit efficere. Quā rē Caesar bonīsspoliātus cum etiam ad necem quaererētur, mūtātāveste nocte urbe ēlāpsus13est et quamquam tuncquārtānae1morbō labōrābat, prope2per singulās noctēs latebrās10commūtāre cōgēbātur; et comprehēnsus ā Sullae lībērtō, nē3adSullam perdūcerētur, vix datā4pecūniā ēvāsit. Postrēmō perpropinquōs et adfīnēs suōs veniam impetrāvit. Satis cōnstatSullam, cum dēprecantibus5amīcissimīs et ōrnātissimīs virīsaliquamdiū dēnegāsset atque illī pertināciter contenderent,15expūgnātum tandem prōclāmāsse, vincerent,6dummodo scīrent7eum,quem incolumem tantō opere cuperent, aliquandō optimātiumpartibus, quās sēcum simul dēfendissent, exitiō futūrum; namCaesarī multōs Mariōs inesse.Stīpendia prīma in Asiā fēcit. In expūgnātiōne Mitylēnārum20corōnā cīvicā dōnātus est. Mortuō Sullā, Rhodum sēcēderestatuit, ut per otium Apollōniō Molōnī, tunc clārissimō dīcendī8magistrō, operam daret. Hūc dum trāicit, ā praedōnibus captusest mānsitque apud eōs prope quadrāgintā diēs. Per omne autemillud spatium ita sē gessit, ut pīrātīs pariter terrōrī venerātiōnīque25esset. Comitēs interim servōsque ad expediendās pecūniās, quibusredimerētur, dīmīsit. Vīgintī talenta pīrātae pōstulāverant: illequīnquāgintā datūrum sē spopondit. Quibus numerātīs cumexpositus esset in lītore, cōnfēstim Mīlētum, quae urbs proximē9aberat, properāvit ibique contrāctā classe invectus in eum locum,30in quō ipsī praedōnēs erant, partem classis fugāvit, partem mersit,aliquot nāvēs cēpit pīrātāsque in potestātem redāctōs eō suppliciō,quod illīs saepe minātus inter iocum erat, adfēcit crucīquesuffīxit.Quaestōrī ūlterior1Hispānia obvēnit. Quō profectus cum Alpēs35trānsīret et ad cōnspectum pauperis cūiusdam vīcī comitēs periocum inter sē disputārent num illīc2etiam esset ambitiōnī locus,sēriō dīxit Caesarmāllesē ibi prīmum esse, quam Rōmae secundum.Dominātiōnis avidus3ā prīmā aetāte rēgnum concupīscēbatsemperque in ōre habēbat hōs Eurīpidis, Graecī poētae, versūs:
77.1efficiet nē . . . dēpōnat: ‘will prevent any one from resigning.’ For the subjunctivedēpōnat, seep. 9, n. 6.77.2The indefinite pronounquisoccurs chiefly aftersī,nisi,nē, andnum. Elsewherealiquisis used.77.11Cf.p. 76, n. 1.77.12‘ability.’77.13Sc.est.77.14The offices mentioned here formed thecursus honōrum, or official career, through which all desirous of political distinction were required to pass. The aedileship, however, might be omitted.78.1Cf.p. 72, n. 2. Lucullus assumed command against Mithridates in 74B.C.78.2‘surpassed,’ ‘outstripped.’78.3causal abl., explained byquod . . . exspectābātur.78.4‘ability.’78.5forēnsī operā: ‘legal business,’ i.e. the practice of law. In or near the Forum were the law courts, as well as business places in general.78.6in Asiae pāce: ‘in Asia, which was then at peace.’78.7quīdamis often used, as here, to soften a phrase which the writer fears may seem exaggerated.78.8ūsūs dīsciplīnam: ‘the training of experience.’78.9iter et nāvigātiōnem: ‘voyage.’78.10‘experts.’ Sc.reī mīlitāris.78.11rēbus gestīs: ‘history’; here, of course, military history especially.78.12Cf. our use of the word ‘finished.’78.13The statements in lines 9-15 are untrue, since Lucullus had served with distinction under Sulla in the first Mithridatic War.78.14King of Armenia, and son-in-law of Mithridates, with whom he had formed alliance.78.15ultimam . . . potuit: ‘his failure to put the finishing touches (ultimam manum) to the war was due more to unwillingness than to inability.’ How literally? Here too the biographer shows his prejudice. Lucullus’ failure to end the war was due to the mutiny of his soldiers, who were weary of their incessant exertions, and angry because L. did not permit them to gratify their greed for plunder.78.16‘(though) praiseworthy.’invictusmust be similarly translated.78.17Cf.p. 18, n. 7.78.18‘convenience.’79.1mōlēs . . . iniēcit: ‘he built huge structures out into the sea.’79.2Cf.p. 73, n. 10. Xerxes, king of Persia, made an expedition against Greece in 480B.C., in the course of which he executed certain important engineering works.79.3adsuēscō.79.4prōspectū . . . pulcherrimam: ‘with a very beautiful view and promenade.’prōspectūandambulātiōneare abl. of specification.79.5Why subjunctive?79.6utpote sōlī=quod sōlus erat. In phrases like this Latin suffers from the lack of a present part. tosum.80.1dedit ūtendōs: i.e. loaned them. Forūtendōs, seep. 2, n. 18.80.2The Muses were patrons of literature in its various forms.
77.1efficiet nē . . . dēpōnat: ‘will prevent any one from resigning.’ For the subjunctivedēpōnat, seep. 9, n. 6.
77.2The indefinite pronounquisoccurs chiefly aftersī,nisi,nē, andnum. Elsewherealiquisis used.
77.11Cf.p. 76, n. 1.
77.12‘ability.’
77.13Sc.est.
77.14The offices mentioned here formed thecursus honōrum, or official career, through which all desirous of political distinction were required to pass. The aedileship, however, might be omitted.
78.1Cf.p. 72, n. 2. Lucullus assumed command against Mithridates in 74B.C.
78.2‘surpassed,’ ‘outstripped.’
78.3causal abl., explained byquod . . . exspectābātur.
78.4‘ability.’
78.5forēnsī operā: ‘legal business,’ i.e. the practice of law. In or near the Forum were the law courts, as well as business places in general.
78.6in Asiae pāce: ‘in Asia, which was then at peace.’
78.7quīdamis often used, as here, to soften a phrase which the writer fears may seem exaggerated.
78.8ūsūs dīsciplīnam: ‘the training of experience.’
78.9iter et nāvigātiōnem: ‘voyage.’
78.10‘experts.’ Sc.reī mīlitāris.
78.11rēbus gestīs: ‘history’; here, of course, military history especially.
78.12Cf. our use of the word ‘finished.’
78.13The statements in lines 9-15 are untrue, since Lucullus had served with distinction under Sulla in the first Mithridatic War.
78.14King of Armenia, and son-in-law of Mithridates, with whom he had formed alliance.
78.15ultimam . . . potuit: ‘his failure to put the finishing touches (ultimam manum) to the war was due more to unwillingness than to inability.’ How literally? Here too the biographer shows his prejudice. Lucullus’ failure to end the war was due to the mutiny of his soldiers, who were weary of their incessant exertions, and angry because L. did not permit them to gratify their greed for plunder.
78.16‘(though) praiseworthy.’invictusmust be similarly translated.
78.17Cf.p. 18, n. 7.
78.18‘convenience.’
79.1mōlēs . . . iniēcit: ‘he built huge structures out into the sea.’
79.2Cf.p. 73, n. 10. Xerxes, king of Persia, made an expedition against Greece in 480B.C., in the course of which he executed certain important engineering works.
79.3adsuēscō.
79.4prōspectū . . . pulcherrimam: ‘with a very beautiful view and promenade.’prōspectūandambulātiōneare abl. of specification.
79.5Why subjunctive?
79.6utpote sōlī=quod sōlus erat. In phrases like this Latin suffers from the lack of a present part. tosum.
80.1dedit ūtendōs: i.e. loaned them. Forūtendōs, seep. 2, n. 18.
80.2The Muses were patrons of literature in its various forms.
Gnaeus Pompēius,3stirpis senātōriae, bellō4cīvīlī sē et patrem cōnsiliō servāvit. Cum enimPompēī pater exercituī suō ob avāritiam essetinvīsus, factā in eum cōnspīrātiōne, Terentius5quīdam, Gnaeī Pompēī fīliī5contubernālis, hunc6occīdendum suscēpit, dum7aliī tabernāculumpatris incenderent.7Quae rēs cum iuvenī Pompēiōcēnantī nūntiāta esset, nihil perīculō mōtussolitō8hilarius bibit et cum Terentiō eādem,10quā9anteā, cōmitāte ūsus est. Deinde cubiculum ingressus clamsubdūxit sē tentōriō et fīrmam patrī circumdedit cūstōdiam.Terentius tum dēstrictō ēnse ad lectum Pompēī accessit multīsqueīctibus strāgula percussit.10Ortā mox sēditiōne Pompēius sē inmedia coniēcit āgmina, mīlitēsque tumultuantēs precibus et lacrimīs15plācāvit ac ducī reconciliāvit.
Eōdem bellō Pompēius partēs Sullae secūtus ita sē gessit ut abeō māximē dīligerētur. Annōs trēs et vīgintī nātus, ut Sullaeauxiliō venīret, paternī exercitūs reliquiās conlēgit, statimquedux perītus exstitit.1Māgnus illīus apud mīlitem amor, māgna20apud omnēs admīrātiō fuit; nūllus eī2labor taediō,2nūlladēfatīgātiō molestiae2erat. Cibī3vīnīque3temperāns, somnī parcus4;inter mīlitēs corpus exercēns cum alacribus saltū,5cum vēlōcibuscursū,5cum validīs luctandō5certābat. Tum ad Sullam iterintendit et in eō itinere trēs hostium exercitūs aut fūdit aut sibi25adiūnxit. Quem ubi Sulla ad sē accēdere audīvit ēgregiamquesub sīgnīs iuventūtem āspexit, dēsiliit ex equō Pompēiumquesalūtāvit imperātōrem et posteā eī6venientī solēbat sellāadsurgere et caput aperīre et equō dēscendere, quem honōrem nēminīnisi Pompēiō tribuēbat.
30Posteā Pompēius in Siciliam profectus est, ut eam ā Carbōne,Sullae inimīcō, occupātam reciperet. Carbō comprehēnsus et adPompēium ductus est: quem Pompēius, etsi Carbō7muliebritermortem extimēscēns dēmissē et flēbiliter mortem dēprecābātur,ad supplicium dūcī iussit. Longē moderātior fuit Pompēius ergā35Sthenium, Siciliae cūiusdam cīvitātis prīncipem. Cum enim ineam cīvitātem animadvertere dēcrēvisset, quae8sibi adversātafuisset, inīquē eum factūrum Sthenius exclāmāvit,9sī ob ūnīusculpam omnēs pūnīret. Interrogantī Pompēiō quisnam ille ūnusesset, “Ego” inquit Sthenius “quī cīvēs meōs ad id indūxī.”40Tam līberā vōce dēlectātus Pompēius omnibus et Stheniō ipsīpepercit.1
Trānsgressus inde in Āfricam Iarbam, Numidiae rēgem, quīMariī partibus favēbat, bellō persecūtus intrā diēs quadrāgintāoppressit et Āfricam subēgit adulēscēns2quattuor et vīgintī45annōrum. Deinde cum litterae eī ā Sullā redditae essent, quibusexercitū3dīmissō cum ūnā legiōne successōrem exspectāreiubēbātur, Pompēius, quamquam aegrē id ferēbat, tamen pāruit etRōmam revertit. Revertentī incrēdibilis hominum multitūdōobviam īvit; Sulla quoque laetus eum excēpit et Māgnī50cōgnōmine cōnsalūtāvit. Nihilō minus Pompēiō triumphum petentīrestitit: neque vērō eā rē ā prōpositō dēterritus est Pompēiusaususque4dīcere plūrēs adōrāre sōlem orientem quam occidentem:quō dictō innuēbat Sullae potentiam minuī, suam crēscere.Eā vōce audītā Sulla, cōnfīdentiā adulēscentis perculsus,555“Triumphet! triumphet!” exclāmāvit.
Metellō6iam senī7et bellum in Hispāniā sēgnius gerentīconlēga datus Pompēius adversus Sertōrium variō ēventū dīmicāvit.Māximum ibi in proeliō quōdam perīculum subiit: cum enim virvāstā corporis māgnitūdine impetum in eum fēcisset, Pompēius60manum amputāvit; sed multīs8in eum concurrentibus vulnus infemore accēpit et ā suīs fugientibus dēsertus in9hostium potestāteerat. At praeter spem ēvāsit: barbarī enim equum ēius aurōphalerīsque eximiīs īnstrūctum cēperant. Dum igitur praedaminter sē altercantēs10partiuntur, Pompēius eōrum manūs effūgit.65Alterō proeliō cum Metellus Pompēiō labōrantī auxiliō vēnisset,Sertōrius recēdere coāctus dīxisse fertur: “Nisi anus illasupervēnisset,1ego hunc puerum verberibus castīgātum Rōmamdīmīsissem.”1Metellum anum appellābat, quia is, iam senex,2admollem et effēminātam vītam dēflexerat. Sertōriō interfectō70Pompēius Hispāniam recēpit.
Cum3pīrātae illā tempestātemaria omnia īnfēstārent3et quāsdametiam Ītaliae urbēs dīripuissent,3B.C.67.ad eōs opprimendōs75cum imperiō extraōrdināriōmissus est Pompēius. Nimiaevirī potentiae obsistēbant quīdamex optimātibus et imprīmīs Quīntus Catulus. Quī cum in cōntiōnedīxisset esse quidem4praeclārum virum Cn. Pompēium, sed4nōn80esse ūnī omnia tribuenda, adiēcissetque: “Sī quid huīc acciderit,quem in ēius locum substituētis?” summō cōnsēnsū succlāmāvitūniversa cōntiō, “Tē, Quīnte Catule.” Tam honōrificō cīviumtēstimōniō victus Catulus ē cōntiōne discessit. Pompēius,dispositīs5per omnēs maris recessūs nāvibus, brevī terrārum orbem85illā pēste līberāvit; praedōnēs multīs locīs victōs fūdit; eōsdemin dēditiōnem acceptōs in urbibus et agrīs procul ā marīconlocāvit. Nihil hāc victōriā celerius, nam intrā quadrāgēsimumdiem pīrātās tōtō marī expulit.
Cōnfectō bellō pīrāticō, Gnaeus Pompēius contrā Mithridātem90profectus in Asiam māgnā celeritāte contendit. Proeliumcum rēge cōnserere cupiēbat, neque6opportūna dabāturpūgnandī facultās, quia Mithridātēs interdiū castrīs sē continēbat,noctū vērō haud tūtum erat congredī cum hoste in locīs īgnōtīs.Nocte tamen aliquandō cum Pompēius Mithridātem aggressus95esset, lūna māgnō fuit Rōmānīs adiūmentō. Quam cum Rōmānīā1tergō habērent, umbrae corporum longius prōiectae ad prīmōsūsque hostium ōrdinēs pertinēbant, unde dēceptī rēgiī mīlitēs inumbrās, tamquam in propinquum hostem, tēla mittēbant. VictusMithridātēs in Pontum profūgit. Pharnacēs fīlius bellum eī100intulit, quī, occīsīs ā patre frātribus, vītae suae ipse timēbat.Mithridātēs ā fīliō obsessus2venēnum sūmpsit; quod cum tardiussubīret, quia adversus venēna multīs anteā medicāmentīs corpusfīrmāverat, ā mīlite Gallō, ā3quō ut adiuvāret sē petierat,interfectus est.
105Tigrānī deinde, Armeniae rēgī, quī Mithridātis partēs secūtuserat, Pompēius bellum intulit eumque ad dēditiōnem compulit.see captionDIADĒMAQuī cum prōcubuisset ad genua Pompēī, eumērēxit,4et benīgnīs verbīs recreātum diadēma,quod abiēcerat, capitī repōnere iussit, aequē5110pulchrum esse iūdicāns et vincere rēgēs etfacere. Inde in Iūdaeam profectus Rōmānōrumprīmus6Iūdaeōs domuit, Hierosolyma,B.C.63.caput gentis, cēpit, templumque iūre7victōriae ingressus est. Rēbus Asiae115compositīs, in Italiam versus8ad urbem9vēnit, nōn, ut plērīquetimuerant, armātus, sed dīmissō exercitū, et tertium triumphumbīduō10dūxit. Īnsīgnis fuit multīs novīs inūsitātīsque ōrnāmentīshīc triumphus; sed nihil inlūstrius vīsum, quam quod11tribustriumphīs trēs orbis partēs dēvictae causam praebuerant: Pompēius120enim, quod1anteā contigerat nēminī, prīmum ex Āfricā,iterum ex Eurōpā, tertiō ex Asiā triumphāvit, fēlīx opīniōnehominum futūrus, sī, quem2glōriae, eundem vītae fīnem habuissetneque adversam fortūnam esset expertus iam senex.
Posteriōre enim tempore ortā inter Pompēium et Caesarem3125gravī dissēnsiōne, quod4hīc5superiōrem, ille5parem ferrenōn posset, bellum cīvīle exārsit. Caesar īnfēstō6exercitūin Ītaliam vēnit. Pompēius, relīctā urbe ac deinde Ītaliā ipsā,Thessaliam petit et cum eō cōnsulēs senātusque omnis: quemīnsecūtus Caesar apud Pharsālum aciē fūdit. Victus Pompēius130ad Ptolemaeum, Aegyptī rēgem, cuī tūtor ā senātū datus erat,profūgit, quī Pompēium interficī iussit. Latus Pompēī sub oculīsuxōris et līberōrum mūcrōne cōnfossum est, caput praecīsum,truncus in Nīlum coniectus. Deinde caput cum ānulō ad Caesaremdēlātum est, quī eō vīsō lacrimās nōn continēns illud135multīs pretiōsissimīsque odōribus cremandum cūrāvit.
Is fuit Pompēī post trēs cōnsulātūs et totidem triumphōs vītaeexitus. Erant in Pompēiō multae et māgnae virtūtēs ac praecipuēadmīranda frūgālitās. Cum eī aegrōtantī praecēpissetmedicus ut turdum ederet, negārent autem7servī eam avem140ūsquam aestīvō tempore posse reperīrī, nisi apud Lūcullum, quīturdōs domī sagīnāret, vetuit Pompēius turdum inde petī, medicōquedīxit: “Ergō,8nisi Lūcullus perditus dēliciīs esset, nōn vīveretPompēius?” Aliam avem, quae parābilis esset, sibi iussitappōnī.
145Virīs1doctīs māgnum honōrem habēbat Pompēius. Ex Syriādēcēdēns, cōnfectō bellō Mithridāticō, cum Rhodum vēnisset,Posīdōnium cupiit audīre2; sed cum audīvisset eum graviter esseaegrum, quod3vehementer ēius artūs labōrārent, voluit tamennōbilissimum philosophum vīsere. Mōs erat ut, cōnsule4aedēs150aliquās ingressūrō, līctor forēs percuteret,5admonēns cōnsulemadesse, at Pompēius forēs Posīdōniī percutī honōris causā vetuit.Quem ut vīdit et salūtāvit, molestē sē dīxit ferre, quod eum nōnposset audīre. At ille “Tū vērō” inquit “potes, nec committamut dolor corporis efficiat5ut frūstrā tantus vir ad mē vēnerit.5”155Itaque cubāns graviter et cōpiōsē dē hōc ipsō disputāvit: nihilesse6bonum nisi quod honestum esset, nihil malum dīcī posse,quod turpe nōn esset. Cum vērō dolōrēs ācriter eum pungerent,saepe “Nihil agis,” inquit “dolor! quamvīs7sīs molestus, numquamtē esse malum cōnfitēbor.”
Skip tonext selection.
80.3See Vocab.,Pompēius.80.4The reference is to the war between Marius and Sulla. See selectionsXXIVandXXV.80.5Cf.iuvenī,l. 7. We should say ‘the younger.’ He was at this time but nineteen years of age.80.6hunc . . . suscēpit: ‘undertook to kill him.’ How literally? Foroccīdendum, seep. 2, n. 18.80.7dum, though meaning ‘while’ (cf.p. xx, G 2), takes the subjunctive here because of the informal indir. disc. Terenti said:fīlium . . . suscipiam dum aliī incenditis.80.8solitō hilarius: ‘with (even) more gaiety than usual.’solitōis here a noun. Neuter adj. and part. are often so used. For its case, seep. 10, n. 18.80.9quā anteā: sc.ūsus erat.80.10percutiō.81.1‘proved himself.’81.2Seep. 25, n. 6.81.3objective gen. (p. 14, n. 15) with the part.temperāns, which here = a simple adj. Sosomnīis obj. gen. withparcus.81.4Sc.erat.81.5abl. of specification.81.6eī venientī: ‘(as a mark of respect) to him when approaching.’eīis a dat. of advantage withadsurgere.81.7Afterquem, whose antecedent isCarbō,l. 31, this word might have been omitted without loss of clearness. In fact, such omission is the more usual construction.81.8quae . . . fuisset: causal. Note that in forming the pluperfect subjunctive certain writers often usefuissetforesset.81.9What were the exact words of Sthenius?82.1parcō.82.2‘(being then) a young man.’ Cf.p. 44, n. 12.82.3exercitū dīmissō . . . exspectāre=exercitum dīmittere et . . . exspectāre.82.4Cf.p. 13, n. 12.82.5percellō.82.6Quintus Caecilius Metellus, proconsul in Spain 79-76B.C.82.7senī: ‘because he was old.’82.8multīs . . . concurrentibus: the abl. abs. here denotes both time and cause; seep. xxiii, K 6. The prefix inconcurrentibusconveys the idea of ‘from every side.’82.9in . . . erat=ab hostibus captus est.82.10altercantēs partiuntur: lit., ‘wrangling they divided’ = ‘they wrangled about the division.’83.1Why subjunctive?83.2‘thoughalready old.’ The thought is that luxury and effeminacy are especially unbecoming to old age.83.3Seep. xx, H 2. What is the meaning of the change of tense indīripuissent?83.4Cf.p. 10, n. 10.83.5Seep. xxiii, K 10.83.6neque . . . facultās: ‘but no opportunity,’ etc.84.1ā tergō: ‘in the rear.’ Seep. 11, n. 10.84.2obsideō.84.3ā quō . . . petierat: ‘whom he had asked to help him.’ How literally?ut adiuvāret sēis a substantive clause of purpose and object ofpetierat. Seep. 7, n. 20.84.4ērigō.84.5aequē . . . facere: lit., ‘because he thought it an equally fine thing both to conquer kings and to create them.’ The expression is somewhat careless. We would say: ‘as glorious to create kings as to conquer them.’aequē pulchrumis predicate,et vincere . . . et faceresubject toesse.84.6prīmus . . . domuit: cf.p. 38, n. 1.84.7iūre victōriae: ‘by right of (i.e. on the strength of) his victory.’84.8‘turning’; lit., ‘having turned himself.’ Cf. n. oncingitur,XIII, l. 29.84.9‘the City,’ i.e. Rome.84.10Cf.p. xvii, D 1.84.11quod . . . praebuerant: ‘the fact that the conquest of (the) three parts,’ etc. Cf.p. 5, n. 15, andp. xxiv, L 4.85.1‘something which’; its antecedent is the clauseprīmum. . . triumphāvitbelow.85.2Withquem glōriae, sc.fīnem habuit.85.3The famous C. Julius Caesar, for whom see next selection.85.4quod . . . posset: ‘because (as men said) the one,’ etc. For the subjunctive, seep. xxi, H 4.85.5hīc . . . ille: ‘the one (Caesar) . . . the other (Pompey).’85.6īnfēstō exercitū: abl. of accompaniment: H 474, 2,N.1 (419, III, 1, 1):M 634: A 243,a,N.: G 392,R.1: B 222, 1.85.7autemcontrastsnegārentwithpraecēpisset. There is a contrast also betweenservīandmedicus.85.8Ergō . . . Pompēius? The force of this sentence can be given only by a free rendering, thus: ‘Shall it be said, then, that Pompey would not be alive, had not Lucullus ruined himself by his luxury?’86.1Virīs . . . habēbat: ‘he highly honored learned men.’86.2audiō, like our ‘hear,’ is often used of listening to lectures or to teachers.86.3quod . . . labōrārent: i.e. because he had the gout.86.4cōnsule . . . ingressūrō: ‘whenever the consul,’ etc.; a temporal abl. abs.86.5Subjunctive in substantive clauses of result: seep. xix, F 3.86.6infinitive, because the clause in which it stands is in apposition tohōc. This use of the infin. is common.86.7quamvīs sīs: concessive subjunctive: H 586, II (515, III): M 875: A 313,a: G 606: B 308.
80.3See Vocab.,Pompēius.
80.4The reference is to the war between Marius and Sulla. See selectionsXXIVandXXV.
80.5Cf.iuvenī,l. 7. We should say ‘the younger.’ He was at this time but nineteen years of age.
80.6hunc . . . suscēpit: ‘undertook to kill him.’ How literally? Foroccīdendum, seep. 2, n. 18.
80.7dum, though meaning ‘while’ (cf.p. xx, G 2), takes the subjunctive here because of the informal indir. disc. Terenti said:fīlium . . . suscipiam dum aliī incenditis.
80.8solitō hilarius: ‘with (even) more gaiety than usual.’solitōis here a noun. Neuter adj. and part. are often so used. For its case, seep. 10, n. 18.
80.9quā anteā: sc.ūsus erat.
80.10percutiō.
81.1‘proved himself.’
81.2Seep. 25, n. 6.
81.3objective gen. (p. 14, n. 15) with the part.temperāns, which here = a simple adj. Sosomnīis obj. gen. withparcus.
81.4Sc.erat.
81.5abl. of specification.
81.6eī venientī: ‘(as a mark of respect) to him when approaching.’eīis a dat. of advantage withadsurgere.
81.7Afterquem, whose antecedent isCarbō,l. 31, this word might have been omitted without loss of clearness. In fact, such omission is the more usual construction.
81.8quae . . . fuisset: causal. Note that in forming the pluperfect subjunctive certain writers often usefuissetforesset.
81.9What were the exact words of Sthenius?
82.1parcō.
82.2‘(being then) a young man.’ Cf.p. 44, n. 12.
82.3exercitū dīmissō . . . exspectāre=exercitum dīmittere et . . . exspectāre.
82.4Cf.p. 13, n. 12.
82.5percellō.
82.6Quintus Caecilius Metellus, proconsul in Spain 79-76B.C.
82.7senī: ‘because he was old.’
82.8multīs . . . concurrentibus: the abl. abs. here denotes both time and cause; seep. xxiii, K 6. The prefix inconcurrentibusconveys the idea of ‘from every side.’
82.9in . . . erat=ab hostibus captus est.
82.10altercantēs partiuntur: lit., ‘wrangling they divided’ = ‘they wrangled about the division.’
83.1Why subjunctive?
83.2‘thoughalready old.’ The thought is that luxury and effeminacy are especially unbecoming to old age.
83.3Seep. xx, H 2. What is the meaning of the change of tense indīripuissent?
83.4Cf.p. 10, n. 10.
83.5Seep. xxiii, K 10.
83.6neque . . . facultās: ‘but no opportunity,’ etc.
84.1ā tergō: ‘in the rear.’ Seep. 11, n. 10.
84.2obsideō.
84.3ā quō . . . petierat: ‘whom he had asked to help him.’ How literally?ut adiuvāret sēis a substantive clause of purpose and object ofpetierat. Seep. 7, n. 20.
84.4ērigō.
84.5aequē . . . facere: lit., ‘because he thought it an equally fine thing both to conquer kings and to create them.’ The expression is somewhat careless. We would say: ‘as glorious to create kings as to conquer them.’aequē pulchrumis predicate,et vincere . . . et faceresubject toesse.
84.6prīmus . . . domuit: cf.p. 38, n. 1.
84.7iūre victōriae: ‘by right of (i.e. on the strength of) his victory.’
84.8‘turning’; lit., ‘having turned himself.’ Cf. n. oncingitur,XIII, l. 29.
84.9‘the City,’ i.e. Rome.
84.10Cf.p. xvii, D 1.
84.11quod . . . praebuerant: ‘the fact that the conquest of (the) three parts,’ etc. Cf.p. 5, n. 15, andp. xxiv, L 4.
85.1‘something which’; its antecedent is the clauseprīmum. . . triumphāvitbelow.
85.2Withquem glōriae, sc.fīnem habuit.
85.3The famous C. Julius Caesar, for whom see next selection.
85.4quod . . . posset: ‘because (as men said) the one,’ etc. For the subjunctive, seep. xxi, H 4.
85.5hīc . . . ille: ‘the one (Caesar) . . . the other (Pompey).’
85.6īnfēstō exercitū: abl. of accompaniment: H 474, 2,N.1 (419, III, 1, 1):M 634: A 243,a,N.: G 392,R.1: B 222, 1.
85.7autemcontrastsnegārentwithpraecēpisset. There is a contrast also betweenservīandmedicus.
85.8Ergō . . . Pompēius? The force of this sentence can be given only by a free rendering, thus: ‘Shall it be said, then, that Pompey would not be alive, had not Lucullus ruined himself by his luxury?’
86.1Virīs . . . habēbat: ‘he highly honored learned men.’
86.2audiō, like our ‘hear,’ is often used of listening to lectures or to teachers.
86.3quod . . . labōrārent: i.e. because he had the gout.
86.4cōnsule . . . ingressūrō: ‘whenever the consul,’ etc.; a temporal abl. abs.
86.5Subjunctive in substantive clauses of result: seep. xix, F 3.
86.6infinitive, because the clause in which it stands is in apposition tohōc. This use of the infin. is common.
86.7quamvīs sīs: concessive subjunctive: H 586, II (515, III): M 875: A 313,a: G 606: B 308.
C. Iūlius Caesar,8nōbilissimā Iūliōrum genitusfamiliā,9annum agēns sextum et decimum patremāmīsit. Cornēliam, Cinnae10fīliam, dūxit uxōrem;cūius pater cum esset Sullae inimīcissimus, is115Caesarem voluit compellere ut eam repudiāret;neque12id potuit efficere. Quā rē Caesar bonīsspoliātus cum etiam ad necem quaererētur, mūtātāveste nocte urbe ēlāpsus13est et quamquam tuncquārtānae1morbō labōrābat, prope2per singulās noctēs latebrās10commūtāre cōgēbātur; et comprehēnsus ā Sullae lībērtō, nē3adSullam perdūcerētur, vix datā4pecūniā ēvāsit. Postrēmō perpropinquōs et adfīnēs suōs veniam impetrāvit. Satis cōnstatSullam, cum dēprecantibus5amīcissimīs et ōrnātissimīs virīsaliquamdiū dēnegāsset atque illī pertināciter contenderent,15expūgnātum tandem prōclāmāsse, vincerent,6dummodo scīrent7eum,quem incolumem tantō opere cuperent, aliquandō optimātiumpartibus, quās sēcum simul dēfendissent, exitiō futūrum; namCaesarī multōs Mariōs inesse.
Stīpendia prīma in Asiā fēcit. In expūgnātiōne Mitylēnārum20corōnā cīvicā dōnātus est. Mortuō Sullā, Rhodum sēcēderestatuit, ut per otium Apollōniō Molōnī, tunc clārissimō dīcendī8magistrō, operam daret. Hūc dum trāicit, ā praedōnibus captusest mānsitque apud eōs prope quadrāgintā diēs. Per omne autemillud spatium ita sē gessit, ut pīrātīs pariter terrōrī venerātiōnīque25esset. Comitēs interim servōsque ad expediendās pecūniās, quibusredimerētur, dīmīsit. Vīgintī talenta pīrātae pōstulāverant: illequīnquāgintā datūrum sē spopondit. Quibus numerātīs cumexpositus esset in lītore, cōnfēstim Mīlētum, quae urbs proximē9aberat, properāvit ibique contrāctā classe invectus in eum locum,30in quō ipsī praedōnēs erant, partem classis fugāvit, partem mersit,aliquot nāvēs cēpit pīrātāsque in potestātem redāctōs eō suppliciō,quod illīs saepe minātus inter iocum erat, adfēcit crucīquesuffīxit.
Quaestōrī ūlterior1Hispānia obvēnit. Quō profectus cum Alpēs35trānsīret et ad cōnspectum pauperis cūiusdam vīcī comitēs periocum inter sē disputārent num illīc2etiam esset ambitiōnī locus,sēriō dīxit Caesarmāllesē ibi prīmum esse, quam Rōmae secundum.Dominātiōnis avidus3ā prīmā aetāte rēgnum concupīscēbatsemperque in ōre habēbat hōs Eurīpidis, Graecī poētae, versūs: