333Kroesen,Bataklanden, pp. 259, 260.↑334Ypes, pp. 496–499, 542–545.↑335Mededeelingenetc., pp. 567, 573, 575.↑336Meerwaldt, p. 541.↑337Meerwaldt, l.c.; Van Dijk, Nota, pp. 483, 491; see also Müller,Batak-Sammlung, p. 14.↑338Van Ophuijsen; Van Dijk, Loeboe.↑339See Mohnicke; Boers; Forbes, Kubus, and especially Dr. Hagen, who makes use of an extensive literature.↑340De Groot.↑341Modigliani, Nias, pp. 520–536; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 157–163.↑342Rosenberg, Mal. Arch.; Rosenberg,Mentawei-eilanden; Mess; Maass; Severijn,Poggi-eilanden.↑343Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 193.↑344Kroesen, Anambas, p. 244.↑345Modigliani, Engano; Oudemans; Severijn, Engano; Rosenberg, Engano; “Verslag eener reis”.↑346Walland, p. 301; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 216.↑347Low, pp. 301, 302.↑348Schwaner, I pp. 167, 168.↑349Low, pp. 200, 201; Spencer St. John, I p. 83; Brooke Low, in Ling Roth, Sarawak, II p. 210.↑350Brooke Low, l.c., pp. 210–213.↑351Perelaer, pp. 152–160.↑352Schwaner, I pp. 80, 195; Grabowsky, p. 199.↑353Grabowsky, l.c.↑354Treacher, in Ling Roth, l.c., pp. 213, 214.↑355Nieuwenhuis,Quer durch Borneo, I pp. 58, 59, 65–67.↑356Nieuwenhuis, l.c. II pp. 95, 96.↑357Denison, as quoted by Ling Roth, l.c.↑358Van Prehn, pp. 29–32.↑359Engelhard, p. 468.↑360Beschrijving van het landschap Pasir, pp. 541, 542.↑361Denison, in Ling Roth, p. 210.↑362Von Dewall, pp. 23, 24.↑363Ibid., p. 80.↑364Tromp, Rambai, p. 111.↑365Graafland, Minahassa, I pp. 285, 286; Riedel, Minahasse, p. 502.↑366Wilken and Schwartz, pp. 382–384.↑367Riedel, Holontalo, pp. 65–67.↑368Riedel, Boeool, pp. 197, 204.↑369Kruijt, N. Z. G. XXXIX pp. 121–123, 126–128; XL pp. 141, 142; Adriani, pp. 240, 241. See also the description given by Riedel, who calls them Topantunuazu; Riedel, Topantunuazu, pp. 82–84, 90.↑370Kruijt, Toboengkoe en Tomori, pp. 233, sqq.↑371Bakkers, Sandjai, p. 287.↑372van Hasselt, Bangkala, p. 367.↑373Het landschap Donggala, pp. 520, 521.↑374Donselaar, Saleijer, pp. 296–299.↑375Ligtvoet, p. 570.↑376de Roo, pp. 582–585; see also Bieger, p. 153.↑377Von Martens, p. 117 (on the whole island); Ten Kate Timorgroep, p. 212 (on Sika); and especially Roos, pp. 488–491 (on Endeh).↑378Ten Kate, Timorgroep, p. 242.↑379Bakkers, Bonerate, pp. 248–250; Vink, pp. 340, 341.↑380De Castro, pp. 484, 485; Forbes, Timor, p. 417. Zondervan mostly relies on De Castro.↑381Ten Kate, l.c., p. 343.↑382Donselaar, Savoe, pp. 295, 296.↑383Graafland, Rote, pp. 364, 365.↑384Riedel, Rassen, pp. 434 sqq.↑385Ibid., p. 406.↑386Ibid., p. 384; Van Hoëvell, Leti, p. 212.↑387Riedel, Rassen, p. 463.↑388Ibid., p. 320.↑389Ibid., p. 346.↑390Ibid., p. 293; Van Hoëvell, Tanimbar, p. 174; Forbes, Timorlaut, pp. 15, 18.↑391Riedel, l.c., p. 251; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 338, 344.↑392Riedel, l.c., pp. 226, 228, 231; Van Hoëvell,Kei-eilanden, p. 120; Pleijte, p. 567.↑393Riedel, l.c., p. 194.↑394Ibid., p. 154.↑395Ibid., pp. 101–103; Boot, p. 1171.↑396Riedel, l.c., p. 49; Van Hoëvell, Ambon, p. 47.↑397Hickson, p. 141; see also pp. 137, 139, 142; van Dinter.↑398Riedel, Galela, pp. 64–66.↑399Campen, p. 285.↑400Riedel, Rassen, pp. 18, 19; Wilken, Boeroe, p. 3.↑401Van der Miesen, p. 449.↑402Blumentritt,Conquista, pp. 53–59; Blumentritt,Tagalen, pp. 12–17.↑403Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, pp. 9, 12, 28; Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 281.↑404Blumentritt,Ethnographie, p. 49; Blumentritt, Mindanao, pp. 293, 294.↑405Blumentritt, Ethnographie pp. 53, 54; Blumentritt, Maguindanaos, p. 891; Jansen, pp. 219, 224, 225.↑406Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, p. 47.↑407Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 297.↑408Blumentritt, Kianganen, p. 132.↑409Blumentritt, Bungianen.↑410Venturillo, see especially p. 142; Miller.↑411Jenks, pp. 136–138; Schadenberg,Nord-Luzon.↑412Blumentritt,Ethnographie; Meijer,Igorroten; Jagor, Philippines.↑413See Reed, p. 63; Semper,Philippinen; Mallat; Blumentritt, Negritos; Schadenberg, Negritos.↑414Schurtz,Katechismus, p. 221.↑415Sibree, pp. 181, 182; Hartmann, p. 75; Ellis, Madagascar, pp. 146–149.↑416Sibree.↑417Hildebrandt,Ambergebirge, p. 276; Grandidier, p. 217.↑418Veth, IV pp. 410–413.↑419I, p. 11.↑420Liefrinck, Nota etc., p. 184.↑421Waanders, p. 133.↑422Liefrinck, ibid., p. 185.↑423Waanders, pp. 107, 123–125; Tonkes, pp. 54–58.↑424Tonkes, p. 61.↑425Liefrinck, Slavernij op Lombok, pp. 508, 514, sqq.↑426Van Eck, p. 356.↑427Van Hasselt,Volksbeschrijving van Midden-Sumatra, pp. 190, 191.↑428Willinck, pp. 130–144.↑429Among the Rejangs: Marsden, pp. 252, 255; in Semindo: Pauw ten Kate, pp. 537–542, Gramberg, pp. 458, 459; in Blalauw: Gramberg, pp. 471, 472; in Palembang: Gersen, pp. 136, 137; Singkel: Rosenberg, Singkel, p. 413, Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 45; Pangkallan: Holle, pp. 382, 383; Labuan-Batu: Neumann, Laboean-Batoe, pp. 478, 479,Korte beschrijving van het landschap Bilu, p. 553; Karintji, Serampas and Sungai Tenang: Klerks, p. 89; Upper Asahan: Van den Bor, p. 410; Batubarah: de Scheemaker, pp. 471–473; Siak: Nieuwenhuijzen, pp. 412–414; the Rokan states: Quast, pp. 416–418. In Glugur “serfdom does not exist: all men have the same human rights” (Van Delden, p. 169). Whether this is the original state of things, or due to Dutch interference, does not appear.↑430Snouck Hurgronje,De Atjehers, I pp. 21–25. Concerning the West Coast of Atjeh, see also van Langen, pp. 478, 479.↑431Snouck Hurgronje, Het Gajoland, pp. 62–64.↑432Matthes, pp. 3, 5, 136, 137, etc. On the Bugis of Tanette and Barru, see also Bakkers, Tanette, p. 257, and on those of Boni: Bakkers, Boni, pp. 60, 98, 153.↑433Robidé, pp. 53, 218, 221, etc.↑434De Clercq, Ternate, p. 74.↑435Saleeby, p. 65.↑436Colquhoun, p. 189; Harper Parker, pp. 88, 100.↑437Colquhoun, pp. 189, 258.↑438St. John, Aracan, pp. 240–242.↑439Lewin, p. 85.↑440Colquhoun, p. 77.↑441Ibid., p. 155.↑
333Kroesen,Bataklanden, pp. 259, 260.↑334Ypes, pp. 496–499, 542–545.↑335Mededeelingenetc., pp. 567, 573, 575.↑336Meerwaldt, p. 541.↑337Meerwaldt, l.c.; Van Dijk, Nota, pp. 483, 491; see also Müller,Batak-Sammlung, p. 14.↑338Van Ophuijsen; Van Dijk, Loeboe.↑339See Mohnicke; Boers; Forbes, Kubus, and especially Dr. Hagen, who makes use of an extensive literature.↑340De Groot.↑341Modigliani, Nias, pp. 520–536; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 157–163.↑342Rosenberg, Mal. Arch.; Rosenberg,Mentawei-eilanden; Mess; Maass; Severijn,Poggi-eilanden.↑343Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 193.↑344Kroesen, Anambas, p. 244.↑345Modigliani, Engano; Oudemans; Severijn, Engano; Rosenberg, Engano; “Verslag eener reis”.↑346Walland, p. 301; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 216.↑347Low, pp. 301, 302.↑348Schwaner, I pp. 167, 168.↑349Low, pp. 200, 201; Spencer St. John, I p. 83; Brooke Low, in Ling Roth, Sarawak, II p. 210.↑350Brooke Low, l.c., pp. 210–213.↑351Perelaer, pp. 152–160.↑352Schwaner, I pp. 80, 195; Grabowsky, p. 199.↑353Grabowsky, l.c.↑354Treacher, in Ling Roth, l.c., pp. 213, 214.↑355Nieuwenhuis,Quer durch Borneo, I pp. 58, 59, 65–67.↑356Nieuwenhuis, l.c. II pp. 95, 96.↑357Denison, as quoted by Ling Roth, l.c.↑358Van Prehn, pp. 29–32.↑359Engelhard, p. 468.↑360Beschrijving van het landschap Pasir, pp. 541, 542.↑361Denison, in Ling Roth, p. 210.↑362Von Dewall, pp. 23, 24.↑363Ibid., p. 80.↑364Tromp, Rambai, p. 111.↑365Graafland, Minahassa, I pp. 285, 286; Riedel, Minahasse, p. 502.↑366Wilken and Schwartz, pp. 382–384.↑367Riedel, Holontalo, pp. 65–67.↑368Riedel, Boeool, pp. 197, 204.↑369Kruijt, N. Z. G. XXXIX pp. 121–123, 126–128; XL pp. 141, 142; Adriani, pp. 240, 241. See also the description given by Riedel, who calls them Topantunuazu; Riedel, Topantunuazu, pp. 82–84, 90.↑370Kruijt, Toboengkoe en Tomori, pp. 233, sqq.↑371Bakkers, Sandjai, p. 287.↑372van Hasselt, Bangkala, p. 367.↑373Het landschap Donggala, pp. 520, 521.↑374Donselaar, Saleijer, pp. 296–299.↑375Ligtvoet, p. 570.↑376de Roo, pp. 582–585; see also Bieger, p. 153.↑377Von Martens, p. 117 (on the whole island); Ten Kate Timorgroep, p. 212 (on Sika); and especially Roos, pp. 488–491 (on Endeh).↑378Ten Kate, Timorgroep, p. 242.↑379Bakkers, Bonerate, pp. 248–250; Vink, pp. 340, 341.↑380De Castro, pp. 484, 485; Forbes, Timor, p. 417. Zondervan mostly relies on De Castro.↑381Ten Kate, l.c., p. 343.↑382Donselaar, Savoe, pp. 295, 296.↑383Graafland, Rote, pp. 364, 365.↑384Riedel, Rassen, pp. 434 sqq.↑385Ibid., p. 406.↑386Ibid., p. 384; Van Hoëvell, Leti, p. 212.↑387Riedel, Rassen, p. 463.↑388Ibid., p. 320.↑389Ibid., p. 346.↑390Ibid., p. 293; Van Hoëvell, Tanimbar, p. 174; Forbes, Timorlaut, pp. 15, 18.↑391Riedel, l.c., p. 251; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 338, 344.↑392Riedel, l.c., pp. 226, 228, 231; Van Hoëvell,Kei-eilanden, p. 120; Pleijte, p. 567.↑393Riedel, l.c., p. 194.↑394Ibid., p. 154.↑395Ibid., pp. 101–103; Boot, p. 1171.↑396Riedel, l.c., p. 49; Van Hoëvell, Ambon, p. 47.↑397Hickson, p. 141; see also pp. 137, 139, 142; van Dinter.↑398Riedel, Galela, pp. 64–66.↑399Campen, p. 285.↑400Riedel, Rassen, pp. 18, 19; Wilken, Boeroe, p. 3.↑401Van der Miesen, p. 449.↑402Blumentritt,Conquista, pp. 53–59; Blumentritt,Tagalen, pp. 12–17.↑403Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, pp. 9, 12, 28; Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 281.↑404Blumentritt,Ethnographie, p. 49; Blumentritt, Mindanao, pp. 293, 294.↑405Blumentritt, Ethnographie pp. 53, 54; Blumentritt, Maguindanaos, p. 891; Jansen, pp. 219, 224, 225.↑406Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, p. 47.↑407Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 297.↑408Blumentritt, Kianganen, p. 132.↑409Blumentritt, Bungianen.↑410Venturillo, see especially p. 142; Miller.↑411Jenks, pp. 136–138; Schadenberg,Nord-Luzon.↑412Blumentritt,Ethnographie; Meijer,Igorroten; Jagor, Philippines.↑413See Reed, p. 63; Semper,Philippinen; Mallat; Blumentritt, Negritos; Schadenberg, Negritos.↑414Schurtz,Katechismus, p. 221.↑415Sibree, pp. 181, 182; Hartmann, p. 75; Ellis, Madagascar, pp. 146–149.↑416Sibree.↑417Hildebrandt,Ambergebirge, p. 276; Grandidier, p. 217.↑418Veth, IV pp. 410–413.↑419I, p. 11.↑420Liefrinck, Nota etc., p. 184.↑421Waanders, p. 133.↑422Liefrinck, ibid., p. 185.↑423Waanders, pp. 107, 123–125; Tonkes, pp. 54–58.↑424Tonkes, p. 61.↑425Liefrinck, Slavernij op Lombok, pp. 508, 514, sqq.↑426Van Eck, p. 356.↑427Van Hasselt,Volksbeschrijving van Midden-Sumatra, pp. 190, 191.↑428Willinck, pp. 130–144.↑429Among the Rejangs: Marsden, pp. 252, 255; in Semindo: Pauw ten Kate, pp. 537–542, Gramberg, pp. 458, 459; in Blalauw: Gramberg, pp. 471, 472; in Palembang: Gersen, pp. 136, 137; Singkel: Rosenberg, Singkel, p. 413, Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 45; Pangkallan: Holle, pp. 382, 383; Labuan-Batu: Neumann, Laboean-Batoe, pp. 478, 479,Korte beschrijving van het landschap Bilu, p. 553; Karintji, Serampas and Sungai Tenang: Klerks, p. 89; Upper Asahan: Van den Bor, p. 410; Batubarah: de Scheemaker, pp. 471–473; Siak: Nieuwenhuijzen, pp. 412–414; the Rokan states: Quast, pp. 416–418. In Glugur “serfdom does not exist: all men have the same human rights” (Van Delden, p. 169). Whether this is the original state of things, or due to Dutch interference, does not appear.↑430Snouck Hurgronje,De Atjehers, I pp. 21–25. Concerning the West Coast of Atjeh, see also van Langen, pp. 478, 479.↑431Snouck Hurgronje, Het Gajoland, pp. 62–64.↑432Matthes, pp. 3, 5, 136, 137, etc. On the Bugis of Tanette and Barru, see also Bakkers, Tanette, p. 257, and on those of Boni: Bakkers, Boni, pp. 60, 98, 153.↑433Robidé, pp. 53, 218, 221, etc.↑434De Clercq, Ternate, p. 74.↑435Saleeby, p. 65.↑436Colquhoun, p. 189; Harper Parker, pp. 88, 100.↑437Colquhoun, pp. 189, 258.↑438St. John, Aracan, pp. 240–242.↑439Lewin, p. 85.↑440Colquhoun, p. 77.↑441Ibid., p. 155.↑
333Kroesen,Bataklanden, pp. 259, 260.↑334Ypes, pp. 496–499, 542–545.↑335Mededeelingenetc., pp. 567, 573, 575.↑336Meerwaldt, p. 541.↑337Meerwaldt, l.c.; Van Dijk, Nota, pp. 483, 491; see also Müller,Batak-Sammlung, p. 14.↑338Van Ophuijsen; Van Dijk, Loeboe.↑339See Mohnicke; Boers; Forbes, Kubus, and especially Dr. Hagen, who makes use of an extensive literature.↑340De Groot.↑341Modigliani, Nias, pp. 520–536; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 157–163.↑342Rosenberg, Mal. Arch.; Rosenberg,Mentawei-eilanden; Mess; Maass; Severijn,Poggi-eilanden.↑343Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 193.↑344Kroesen, Anambas, p. 244.↑345Modigliani, Engano; Oudemans; Severijn, Engano; Rosenberg, Engano; “Verslag eener reis”.↑346Walland, p. 301; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 216.↑347Low, pp. 301, 302.↑348Schwaner, I pp. 167, 168.↑349Low, pp. 200, 201; Spencer St. John, I p. 83; Brooke Low, in Ling Roth, Sarawak, II p. 210.↑350Brooke Low, l.c., pp. 210–213.↑351Perelaer, pp. 152–160.↑352Schwaner, I pp. 80, 195; Grabowsky, p. 199.↑353Grabowsky, l.c.↑354Treacher, in Ling Roth, l.c., pp. 213, 214.↑355Nieuwenhuis,Quer durch Borneo, I pp. 58, 59, 65–67.↑356Nieuwenhuis, l.c. II pp. 95, 96.↑357Denison, as quoted by Ling Roth, l.c.↑358Van Prehn, pp. 29–32.↑359Engelhard, p. 468.↑360Beschrijving van het landschap Pasir, pp. 541, 542.↑361Denison, in Ling Roth, p. 210.↑362Von Dewall, pp. 23, 24.↑363Ibid., p. 80.↑364Tromp, Rambai, p. 111.↑365Graafland, Minahassa, I pp. 285, 286; Riedel, Minahasse, p. 502.↑366Wilken and Schwartz, pp. 382–384.↑367Riedel, Holontalo, pp. 65–67.↑368Riedel, Boeool, pp. 197, 204.↑369Kruijt, N. Z. G. XXXIX pp. 121–123, 126–128; XL pp. 141, 142; Adriani, pp. 240, 241. See also the description given by Riedel, who calls them Topantunuazu; Riedel, Topantunuazu, pp. 82–84, 90.↑370Kruijt, Toboengkoe en Tomori, pp. 233, sqq.↑371Bakkers, Sandjai, p. 287.↑372van Hasselt, Bangkala, p. 367.↑373Het landschap Donggala, pp. 520, 521.↑374Donselaar, Saleijer, pp. 296–299.↑375Ligtvoet, p. 570.↑376de Roo, pp. 582–585; see also Bieger, p. 153.↑377Von Martens, p. 117 (on the whole island); Ten Kate Timorgroep, p. 212 (on Sika); and especially Roos, pp. 488–491 (on Endeh).↑378Ten Kate, Timorgroep, p. 242.↑379Bakkers, Bonerate, pp. 248–250; Vink, pp. 340, 341.↑380De Castro, pp. 484, 485; Forbes, Timor, p. 417. Zondervan mostly relies on De Castro.↑381Ten Kate, l.c., p. 343.↑382Donselaar, Savoe, pp. 295, 296.↑383Graafland, Rote, pp. 364, 365.↑384Riedel, Rassen, pp. 434 sqq.↑385Ibid., p. 406.↑386Ibid., p. 384; Van Hoëvell, Leti, p. 212.↑387Riedel, Rassen, p. 463.↑388Ibid., p. 320.↑389Ibid., p. 346.↑390Ibid., p. 293; Van Hoëvell, Tanimbar, p. 174; Forbes, Timorlaut, pp. 15, 18.↑391Riedel, l.c., p. 251; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 338, 344.↑392Riedel, l.c., pp. 226, 228, 231; Van Hoëvell,Kei-eilanden, p. 120; Pleijte, p. 567.↑393Riedel, l.c., p. 194.↑394Ibid., p. 154.↑395Ibid., pp. 101–103; Boot, p. 1171.↑396Riedel, l.c., p. 49; Van Hoëvell, Ambon, p. 47.↑397Hickson, p. 141; see also pp. 137, 139, 142; van Dinter.↑398Riedel, Galela, pp. 64–66.↑399Campen, p. 285.↑400Riedel, Rassen, pp. 18, 19; Wilken, Boeroe, p. 3.↑401Van der Miesen, p. 449.↑402Blumentritt,Conquista, pp. 53–59; Blumentritt,Tagalen, pp. 12–17.↑403Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, pp. 9, 12, 28; Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 281.↑404Blumentritt,Ethnographie, p. 49; Blumentritt, Mindanao, pp. 293, 294.↑405Blumentritt, Ethnographie pp. 53, 54; Blumentritt, Maguindanaos, p. 891; Jansen, pp. 219, 224, 225.↑406Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, p. 47.↑407Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 297.↑408Blumentritt, Kianganen, p. 132.↑409Blumentritt, Bungianen.↑410Venturillo, see especially p. 142; Miller.↑411Jenks, pp. 136–138; Schadenberg,Nord-Luzon.↑412Blumentritt,Ethnographie; Meijer,Igorroten; Jagor, Philippines.↑413See Reed, p. 63; Semper,Philippinen; Mallat; Blumentritt, Negritos; Schadenberg, Negritos.↑414Schurtz,Katechismus, p. 221.↑415Sibree, pp. 181, 182; Hartmann, p. 75; Ellis, Madagascar, pp. 146–149.↑416Sibree.↑417Hildebrandt,Ambergebirge, p. 276; Grandidier, p. 217.↑418Veth, IV pp. 410–413.↑419I, p. 11.↑420Liefrinck, Nota etc., p. 184.↑421Waanders, p. 133.↑422Liefrinck, ibid., p. 185.↑423Waanders, pp. 107, 123–125; Tonkes, pp. 54–58.↑424Tonkes, p. 61.↑425Liefrinck, Slavernij op Lombok, pp. 508, 514, sqq.↑426Van Eck, p. 356.↑427Van Hasselt,Volksbeschrijving van Midden-Sumatra, pp. 190, 191.↑428Willinck, pp. 130–144.↑429Among the Rejangs: Marsden, pp. 252, 255; in Semindo: Pauw ten Kate, pp. 537–542, Gramberg, pp. 458, 459; in Blalauw: Gramberg, pp. 471, 472; in Palembang: Gersen, pp. 136, 137; Singkel: Rosenberg, Singkel, p. 413, Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 45; Pangkallan: Holle, pp. 382, 383; Labuan-Batu: Neumann, Laboean-Batoe, pp. 478, 479,Korte beschrijving van het landschap Bilu, p. 553; Karintji, Serampas and Sungai Tenang: Klerks, p. 89; Upper Asahan: Van den Bor, p. 410; Batubarah: de Scheemaker, pp. 471–473; Siak: Nieuwenhuijzen, pp. 412–414; the Rokan states: Quast, pp. 416–418. In Glugur “serfdom does not exist: all men have the same human rights” (Van Delden, p. 169). Whether this is the original state of things, or due to Dutch interference, does not appear.↑430Snouck Hurgronje,De Atjehers, I pp. 21–25. Concerning the West Coast of Atjeh, see also van Langen, pp. 478, 479.↑431Snouck Hurgronje, Het Gajoland, pp. 62–64.↑432Matthes, pp. 3, 5, 136, 137, etc. On the Bugis of Tanette and Barru, see also Bakkers, Tanette, p. 257, and on those of Boni: Bakkers, Boni, pp. 60, 98, 153.↑433Robidé, pp. 53, 218, 221, etc.↑434De Clercq, Ternate, p. 74.↑435Saleeby, p. 65.↑436Colquhoun, p. 189; Harper Parker, pp. 88, 100.↑437Colquhoun, pp. 189, 258.↑438St. John, Aracan, pp. 240–242.↑439Lewin, p. 85.↑440Colquhoun, p. 77.↑441Ibid., p. 155.↑
333Kroesen,Bataklanden, pp. 259, 260.↑334Ypes, pp. 496–499, 542–545.↑335Mededeelingenetc., pp. 567, 573, 575.↑336Meerwaldt, p. 541.↑337Meerwaldt, l.c.; Van Dijk, Nota, pp. 483, 491; see also Müller,Batak-Sammlung, p. 14.↑338Van Ophuijsen; Van Dijk, Loeboe.↑339See Mohnicke; Boers; Forbes, Kubus, and especially Dr. Hagen, who makes use of an extensive literature.↑340De Groot.↑341Modigliani, Nias, pp. 520–536; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 157–163.↑342Rosenberg, Mal. Arch.; Rosenberg,Mentawei-eilanden; Mess; Maass; Severijn,Poggi-eilanden.↑343Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 193.↑344Kroesen, Anambas, p. 244.↑345Modigliani, Engano; Oudemans; Severijn, Engano; Rosenberg, Engano; “Verslag eener reis”.↑346Walland, p. 301; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 216.↑347Low, pp. 301, 302.↑348Schwaner, I pp. 167, 168.↑349Low, pp. 200, 201; Spencer St. John, I p. 83; Brooke Low, in Ling Roth, Sarawak, II p. 210.↑350Brooke Low, l.c., pp. 210–213.↑351Perelaer, pp. 152–160.↑352Schwaner, I pp. 80, 195; Grabowsky, p. 199.↑353Grabowsky, l.c.↑354Treacher, in Ling Roth, l.c., pp. 213, 214.↑355Nieuwenhuis,Quer durch Borneo, I pp. 58, 59, 65–67.↑356Nieuwenhuis, l.c. II pp. 95, 96.↑357Denison, as quoted by Ling Roth, l.c.↑358Van Prehn, pp. 29–32.↑359Engelhard, p. 468.↑360Beschrijving van het landschap Pasir, pp. 541, 542.↑361Denison, in Ling Roth, p. 210.↑362Von Dewall, pp. 23, 24.↑363Ibid., p. 80.↑364Tromp, Rambai, p. 111.↑365Graafland, Minahassa, I pp. 285, 286; Riedel, Minahasse, p. 502.↑366Wilken and Schwartz, pp. 382–384.↑367Riedel, Holontalo, pp. 65–67.↑368Riedel, Boeool, pp. 197, 204.↑369Kruijt, N. Z. G. XXXIX pp. 121–123, 126–128; XL pp. 141, 142; Adriani, pp. 240, 241. See also the description given by Riedel, who calls them Topantunuazu; Riedel, Topantunuazu, pp. 82–84, 90.↑370Kruijt, Toboengkoe en Tomori, pp. 233, sqq.↑371Bakkers, Sandjai, p. 287.↑372van Hasselt, Bangkala, p. 367.↑373Het landschap Donggala, pp. 520, 521.↑374Donselaar, Saleijer, pp. 296–299.↑375Ligtvoet, p. 570.↑376de Roo, pp. 582–585; see also Bieger, p. 153.↑377Von Martens, p. 117 (on the whole island); Ten Kate Timorgroep, p. 212 (on Sika); and especially Roos, pp. 488–491 (on Endeh).↑378Ten Kate, Timorgroep, p. 242.↑379Bakkers, Bonerate, pp. 248–250; Vink, pp. 340, 341.↑380De Castro, pp. 484, 485; Forbes, Timor, p. 417. Zondervan mostly relies on De Castro.↑381Ten Kate, l.c., p. 343.↑382Donselaar, Savoe, pp. 295, 296.↑383Graafland, Rote, pp. 364, 365.↑384Riedel, Rassen, pp. 434 sqq.↑385Ibid., p. 406.↑386Ibid., p. 384; Van Hoëvell, Leti, p. 212.↑387Riedel, Rassen, p. 463.↑388Ibid., p. 320.↑389Ibid., p. 346.↑390Ibid., p. 293; Van Hoëvell, Tanimbar, p. 174; Forbes, Timorlaut, pp. 15, 18.↑391Riedel, l.c., p. 251; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 338, 344.↑392Riedel, l.c., pp. 226, 228, 231; Van Hoëvell,Kei-eilanden, p. 120; Pleijte, p. 567.↑393Riedel, l.c., p. 194.↑394Ibid., p. 154.↑395Ibid., pp. 101–103; Boot, p. 1171.↑396Riedel, l.c., p. 49; Van Hoëvell, Ambon, p. 47.↑397Hickson, p. 141; see also pp. 137, 139, 142; van Dinter.↑398Riedel, Galela, pp. 64–66.↑399Campen, p. 285.↑400Riedel, Rassen, pp. 18, 19; Wilken, Boeroe, p. 3.↑401Van der Miesen, p. 449.↑402Blumentritt,Conquista, pp. 53–59; Blumentritt,Tagalen, pp. 12–17.↑403Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, pp. 9, 12, 28; Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 281.↑404Blumentritt,Ethnographie, p. 49; Blumentritt, Mindanao, pp. 293, 294.↑405Blumentritt, Ethnographie pp. 53, 54; Blumentritt, Maguindanaos, p. 891; Jansen, pp. 219, 224, 225.↑406Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, p. 47.↑407Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 297.↑408Blumentritt, Kianganen, p. 132.↑409Blumentritt, Bungianen.↑410Venturillo, see especially p. 142; Miller.↑411Jenks, pp. 136–138; Schadenberg,Nord-Luzon.↑412Blumentritt,Ethnographie; Meijer,Igorroten; Jagor, Philippines.↑413See Reed, p. 63; Semper,Philippinen; Mallat; Blumentritt, Negritos; Schadenberg, Negritos.↑414Schurtz,Katechismus, p. 221.↑415Sibree, pp. 181, 182; Hartmann, p. 75; Ellis, Madagascar, pp. 146–149.↑416Sibree.↑417Hildebrandt,Ambergebirge, p. 276; Grandidier, p. 217.↑418Veth, IV pp. 410–413.↑419I, p. 11.↑420Liefrinck, Nota etc., p. 184.↑421Waanders, p. 133.↑422Liefrinck, ibid., p. 185.↑423Waanders, pp. 107, 123–125; Tonkes, pp. 54–58.↑424Tonkes, p. 61.↑425Liefrinck, Slavernij op Lombok, pp. 508, 514, sqq.↑426Van Eck, p. 356.↑427Van Hasselt,Volksbeschrijving van Midden-Sumatra, pp. 190, 191.↑428Willinck, pp. 130–144.↑429Among the Rejangs: Marsden, pp. 252, 255; in Semindo: Pauw ten Kate, pp. 537–542, Gramberg, pp. 458, 459; in Blalauw: Gramberg, pp. 471, 472; in Palembang: Gersen, pp. 136, 137; Singkel: Rosenberg, Singkel, p. 413, Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 45; Pangkallan: Holle, pp. 382, 383; Labuan-Batu: Neumann, Laboean-Batoe, pp. 478, 479,Korte beschrijving van het landschap Bilu, p. 553; Karintji, Serampas and Sungai Tenang: Klerks, p. 89; Upper Asahan: Van den Bor, p. 410; Batubarah: de Scheemaker, pp. 471–473; Siak: Nieuwenhuijzen, pp. 412–414; the Rokan states: Quast, pp. 416–418. In Glugur “serfdom does not exist: all men have the same human rights” (Van Delden, p. 169). Whether this is the original state of things, or due to Dutch interference, does not appear.↑430Snouck Hurgronje,De Atjehers, I pp. 21–25. Concerning the West Coast of Atjeh, see also van Langen, pp. 478, 479.↑431Snouck Hurgronje, Het Gajoland, pp. 62–64.↑432Matthes, pp. 3, 5, 136, 137, etc. On the Bugis of Tanette and Barru, see also Bakkers, Tanette, p. 257, and on those of Boni: Bakkers, Boni, pp. 60, 98, 153.↑433Robidé, pp. 53, 218, 221, etc.↑434De Clercq, Ternate, p. 74.↑435Saleeby, p. 65.↑436Colquhoun, p. 189; Harper Parker, pp. 88, 100.↑437Colquhoun, pp. 189, 258.↑438St. John, Aracan, pp. 240–242.↑439Lewin, p. 85.↑440Colquhoun, p. 77.↑441Ibid., p. 155.↑
333Kroesen,Bataklanden, pp. 259, 260.↑334Ypes, pp. 496–499, 542–545.↑335Mededeelingenetc., pp. 567, 573, 575.↑336Meerwaldt, p. 541.↑337Meerwaldt, l.c.; Van Dijk, Nota, pp. 483, 491; see also Müller,Batak-Sammlung, p. 14.↑338Van Ophuijsen; Van Dijk, Loeboe.↑339See Mohnicke; Boers; Forbes, Kubus, and especially Dr. Hagen, who makes use of an extensive literature.↑340De Groot.↑341Modigliani, Nias, pp. 520–536; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 157–163.↑342Rosenberg, Mal. Arch.; Rosenberg,Mentawei-eilanden; Mess; Maass; Severijn,Poggi-eilanden.↑343Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 193.↑344Kroesen, Anambas, p. 244.↑345Modigliani, Engano; Oudemans; Severijn, Engano; Rosenberg, Engano; “Verslag eener reis”.↑346Walland, p. 301; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 216.↑347Low, pp. 301, 302.↑348Schwaner, I pp. 167, 168.↑349Low, pp. 200, 201; Spencer St. John, I p. 83; Brooke Low, in Ling Roth, Sarawak, II p. 210.↑350Brooke Low, l.c., pp. 210–213.↑351Perelaer, pp. 152–160.↑352Schwaner, I pp. 80, 195; Grabowsky, p. 199.↑353Grabowsky, l.c.↑354Treacher, in Ling Roth, l.c., pp. 213, 214.↑355Nieuwenhuis,Quer durch Borneo, I pp. 58, 59, 65–67.↑356Nieuwenhuis, l.c. II pp. 95, 96.↑357Denison, as quoted by Ling Roth, l.c.↑358Van Prehn, pp. 29–32.↑359Engelhard, p. 468.↑360Beschrijving van het landschap Pasir, pp. 541, 542.↑361Denison, in Ling Roth, p. 210.↑362Von Dewall, pp. 23, 24.↑363Ibid., p. 80.↑364Tromp, Rambai, p. 111.↑365Graafland, Minahassa, I pp. 285, 286; Riedel, Minahasse, p. 502.↑366Wilken and Schwartz, pp. 382–384.↑367Riedel, Holontalo, pp. 65–67.↑368Riedel, Boeool, pp. 197, 204.↑369Kruijt, N. Z. G. XXXIX pp. 121–123, 126–128; XL pp. 141, 142; Adriani, pp. 240, 241. See also the description given by Riedel, who calls them Topantunuazu; Riedel, Topantunuazu, pp. 82–84, 90.↑370Kruijt, Toboengkoe en Tomori, pp. 233, sqq.↑371Bakkers, Sandjai, p. 287.↑372van Hasselt, Bangkala, p. 367.↑373Het landschap Donggala, pp. 520, 521.↑374Donselaar, Saleijer, pp. 296–299.↑375Ligtvoet, p. 570.↑376de Roo, pp. 582–585; see also Bieger, p. 153.↑377Von Martens, p. 117 (on the whole island); Ten Kate Timorgroep, p. 212 (on Sika); and especially Roos, pp. 488–491 (on Endeh).↑378Ten Kate, Timorgroep, p. 242.↑379Bakkers, Bonerate, pp. 248–250; Vink, pp. 340, 341.↑380De Castro, pp. 484, 485; Forbes, Timor, p. 417. Zondervan mostly relies on De Castro.↑381Ten Kate, l.c., p. 343.↑382Donselaar, Savoe, pp. 295, 296.↑383Graafland, Rote, pp. 364, 365.↑384Riedel, Rassen, pp. 434 sqq.↑385Ibid., p. 406.↑386Ibid., p. 384; Van Hoëvell, Leti, p. 212.↑387Riedel, Rassen, p. 463.↑388Ibid., p. 320.↑389Ibid., p. 346.↑390Ibid., p. 293; Van Hoëvell, Tanimbar, p. 174; Forbes, Timorlaut, pp. 15, 18.↑391Riedel, l.c., p. 251; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 338, 344.↑392Riedel, l.c., pp. 226, 228, 231; Van Hoëvell,Kei-eilanden, p. 120; Pleijte, p. 567.↑393Riedel, l.c., p. 194.↑394Ibid., p. 154.↑395Ibid., pp. 101–103; Boot, p. 1171.↑396Riedel, l.c., p. 49; Van Hoëvell, Ambon, p. 47.↑397Hickson, p. 141; see also pp. 137, 139, 142; van Dinter.↑398Riedel, Galela, pp. 64–66.↑399Campen, p. 285.↑400Riedel, Rassen, pp. 18, 19; Wilken, Boeroe, p. 3.↑401Van der Miesen, p. 449.↑402Blumentritt,Conquista, pp. 53–59; Blumentritt,Tagalen, pp. 12–17.↑403Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, pp. 9, 12, 28; Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 281.↑404Blumentritt,Ethnographie, p. 49; Blumentritt, Mindanao, pp. 293, 294.↑405Blumentritt, Ethnographie pp. 53, 54; Blumentritt, Maguindanaos, p. 891; Jansen, pp. 219, 224, 225.↑406Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, p. 47.↑407Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 297.↑408Blumentritt, Kianganen, p. 132.↑409Blumentritt, Bungianen.↑410Venturillo, see especially p. 142; Miller.↑411Jenks, pp. 136–138; Schadenberg,Nord-Luzon.↑412Blumentritt,Ethnographie; Meijer,Igorroten; Jagor, Philippines.↑413See Reed, p. 63; Semper,Philippinen; Mallat; Blumentritt, Negritos; Schadenberg, Negritos.↑414Schurtz,Katechismus, p. 221.↑415Sibree, pp. 181, 182; Hartmann, p. 75; Ellis, Madagascar, pp. 146–149.↑416Sibree.↑417Hildebrandt,Ambergebirge, p. 276; Grandidier, p. 217.↑418Veth, IV pp. 410–413.↑419I, p. 11.↑420Liefrinck, Nota etc., p. 184.↑421Waanders, p. 133.↑422Liefrinck, ibid., p. 185.↑423Waanders, pp. 107, 123–125; Tonkes, pp. 54–58.↑424Tonkes, p. 61.↑425Liefrinck, Slavernij op Lombok, pp. 508, 514, sqq.↑426Van Eck, p. 356.↑427Van Hasselt,Volksbeschrijving van Midden-Sumatra, pp. 190, 191.↑428Willinck, pp. 130–144.↑429Among the Rejangs: Marsden, pp. 252, 255; in Semindo: Pauw ten Kate, pp. 537–542, Gramberg, pp. 458, 459; in Blalauw: Gramberg, pp. 471, 472; in Palembang: Gersen, pp. 136, 137; Singkel: Rosenberg, Singkel, p. 413, Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 45; Pangkallan: Holle, pp. 382, 383; Labuan-Batu: Neumann, Laboean-Batoe, pp. 478, 479,Korte beschrijving van het landschap Bilu, p. 553; Karintji, Serampas and Sungai Tenang: Klerks, p. 89; Upper Asahan: Van den Bor, p. 410; Batubarah: de Scheemaker, pp. 471–473; Siak: Nieuwenhuijzen, pp. 412–414; the Rokan states: Quast, pp. 416–418. In Glugur “serfdom does not exist: all men have the same human rights” (Van Delden, p. 169). Whether this is the original state of things, or due to Dutch interference, does not appear.↑430Snouck Hurgronje,De Atjehers, I pp. 21–25. Concerning the West Coast of Atjeh, see also van Langen, pp. 478, 479.↑431Snouck Hurgronje, Het Gajoland, pp. 62–64.↑432Matthes, pp. 3, 5, 136, 137, etc. On the Bugis of Tanette and Barru, see also Bakkers, Tanette, p. 257, and on those of Boni: Bakkers, Boni, pp. 60, 98, 153.↑433Robidé, pp. 53, 218, 221, etc.↑434De Clercq, Ternate, p. 74.↑435Saleeby, p. 65.↑436Colquhoun, p. 189; Harper Parker, pp. 88, 100.↑437Colquhoun, pp. 189, 258.↑438St. John, Aracan, pp. 240–242.↑439Lewin, p. 85.↑440Colquhoun, p. 77.↑441Ibid., p. 155.↑
333Kroesen,Bataklanden, pp. 259, 260.↑
333Kroesen,Bataklanden, pp. 259, 260.↑
334Ypes, pp. 496–499, 542–545.↑
334Ypes, pp. 496–499, 542–545.↑
335Mededeelingenetc., pp. 567, 573, 575.↑
335Mededeelingenetc., pp. 567, 573, 575.↑
336Meerwaldt, p. 541.↑
336Meerwaldt, p. 541.↑
337Meerwaldt, l.c.; Van Dijk, Nota, pp. 483, 491; see also Müller,Batak-Sammlung, p. 14.↑
337Meerwaldt, l.c.; Van Dijk, Nota, pp. 483, 491; see also Müller,Batak-Sammlung, p. 14.↑
338Van Ophuijsen; Van Dijk, Loeboe.↑
338Van Ophuijsen; Van Dijk, Loeboe.↑
339See Mohnicke; Boers; Forbes, Kubus, and especially Dr. Hagen, who makes use of an extensive literature.↑
339See Mohnicke; Boers; Forbes, Kubus, and especially Dr. Hagen, who makes use of an extensive literature.↑
340De Groot.↑
340De Groot.↑
341Modigliani, Nias, pp. 520–536; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 157–163.↑
341Modigliani, Nias, pp. 520–536; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 157–163.↑
342Rosenberg, Mal. Arch.; Rosenberg,Mentawei-eilanden; Mess; Maass; Severijn,Poggi-eilanden.↑
342Rosenberg, Mal. Arch.; Rosenberg,Mentawei-eilanden; Mess; Maass; Severijn,Poggi-eilanden.↑
343Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 193.↑
343Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 193.↑
344Kroesen, Anambas, p. 244.↑
344Kroesen, Anambas, p. 244.↑
345Modigliani, Engano; Oudemans; Severijn, Engano; Rosenberg, Engano; “Verslag eener reis”.↑
345Modigliani, Engano; Oudemans; Severijn, Engano; Rosenberg, Engano; “Verslag eener reis”.↑
346Walland, p. 301; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 216.↑
346Walland, p. 301; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 216.↑
347Low, pp. 301, 302.↑
347Low, pp. 301, 302.↑
348Schwaner, I pp. 167, 168.↑
348Schwaner, I pp. 167, 168.↑
349Low, pp. 200, 201; Spencer St. John, I p. 83; Brooke Low, in Ling Roth, Sarawak, II p. 210.↑
349Low, pp. 200, 201; Spencer St. John, I p. 83; Brooke Low, in Ling Roth, Sarawak, II p. 210.↑
350Brooke Low, l.c., pp. 210–213.↑
350Brooke Low, l.c., pp. 210–213.↑
351Perelaer, pp. 152–160.↑
351Perelaer, pp. 152–160.↑
352Schwaner, I pp. 80, 195; Grabowsky, p. 199.↑
352Schwaner, I pp. 80, 195; Grabowsky, p. 199.↑
353Grabowsky, l.c.↑
353Grabowsky, l.c.↑
354Treacher, in Ling Roth, l.c., pp. 213, 214.↑
354Treacher, in Ling Roth, l.c., pp. 213, 214.↑
355Nieuwenhuis,Quer durch Borneo, I pp. 58, 59, 65–67.↑
355Nieuwenhuis,Quer durch Borneo, I pp. 58, 59, 65–67.↑
356Nieuwenhuis, l.c. II pp. 95, 96.↑
356Nieuwenhuis, l.c. II pp. 95, 96.↑
357Denison, as quoted by Ling Roth, l.c.↑
357Denison, as quoted by Ling Roth, l.c.↑
358Van Prehn, pp. 29–32.↑
358Van Prehn, pp. 29–32.↑
359Engelhard, p. 468.↑
359Engelhard, p. 468.↑
360Beschrijving van het landschap Pasir, pp. 541, 542.↑
360Beschrijving van het landschap Pasir, pp. 541, 542.↑
361Denison, in Ling Roth, p. 210.↑
361Denison, in Ling Roth, p. 210.↑
362Von Dewall, pp. 23, 24.↑
362Von Dewall, pp. 23, 24.↑
363Ibid., p. 80.↑
363Ibid., p. 80.↑
364Tromp, Rambai, p. 111.↑
364Tromp, Rambai, p. 111.↑
365Graafland, Minahassa, I pp. 285, 286; Riedel, Minahasse, p. 502.↑
365Graafland, Minahassa, I pp. 285, 286; Riedel, Minahasse, p. 502.↑
366Wilken and Schwartz, pp. 382–384.↑
366Wilken and Schwartz, pp. 382–384.↑
367Riedel, Holontalo, pp. 65–67.↑
367Riedel, Holontalo, pp. 65–67.↑
368Riedel, Boeool, pp. 197, 204.↑
368Riedel, Boeool, pp. 197, 204.↑
369Kruijt, N. Z. G. XXXIX pp. 121–123, 126–128; XL pp. 141, 142; Adriani, pp. 240, 241. See also the description given by Riedel, who calls them Topantunuazu; Riedel, Topantunuazu, pp. 82–84, 90.↑
369Kruijt, N. Z. G. XXXIX pp. 121–123, 126–128; XL pp. 141, 142; Adriani, pp. 240, 241. See also the description given by Riedel, who calls them Topantunuazu; Riedel, Topantunuazu, pp. 82–84, 90.↑
370Kruijt, Toboengkoe en Tomori, pp. 233, sqq.↑
370Kruijt, Toboengkoe en Tomori, pp. 233, sqq.↑
371Bakkers, Sandjai, p. 287.↑
371Bakkers, Sandjai, p. 287.↑
372van Hasselt, Bangkala, p. 367.↑
372van Hasselt, Bangkala, p. 367.↑
373Het landschap Donggala, pp. 520, 521.↑
373Het landschap Donggala, pp. 520, 521.↑
374Donselaar, Saleijer, pp. 296–299.↑
374Donselaar, Saleijer, pp. 296–299.↑
375Ligtvoet, p. 570.↑
375Ligtvoet, p. 570.↑
376de Roo, pp. 582–585; see also Bieger, p. 153.↑
376de Roo, pp. 582–585; see also Bieger, p. 153.↑
377Von Martens, p. 117 (on the whole island); Ten Kate Timorgroep, p. 212 (on Sika); and especially Roos, pp. 488–491 (on Endeh).↑
377Von Martens, p. 117 (on the whole island); Ten Kate Timorgroep, p. 212 (on Sika); and especially Roos, pp. 488–491 (on Endeh).↑
378Ten Kate, Timorgroep, p. 242.↑
378Ten Kate, Timorgroep, p. 242.↑
379Bakkers, Bonerate, pp. 248–250; Vink, pp. 340, 341.↑
379Bakkers, Bonerate, pp. 248–250; Vink, pp. 340, 341.↑
380De Castro, pp. 484, 485; Forbes, Timor, p. 417. Zondervan mostly relies on De Castro.↑
380De Castro, pp. 484, 485; Forbes, Timor, p. 417. Zondervan mostly relies on De Castro.↑
381Ten Kate, l.c., p. 343.↑
381Ten Kate, l.c., p. 343.↑
382Donselaar, Savoe, pp. 295, 296.↑
382Donselaar, Savoe, pp. 295, 296.↑
383Graafland, Rote, pp. 364, 365.↑
383Graafland, Rote, pp. 364, 365.↑
384Riedel, Rassen, pp. 434 sqq.↑
384Riedel, Rassen, pp. 434 sqq.↑
385Ibid., p. 406.↑
385Ibid., p. 406.↑
386Ibid., p. 384; Van Hoëvell, Leti, p. 212.↑
386Ibid., p. 384; Van Hoëvell, Leti, p. 212.↑
387Riedel, Rassen, p. 463.↑
387Riedel, Rassen, p. 463.↑
388Ibid., p. 320.↑
388Ibid., p. 320.↑
389Ibid., p. 346.↑
389Ibid., p. 346.↑
390Ibid., p. 293; Van Hoëvell, Tanimbar, p. 174; Forbes, Timorlaut, pp. 15, 18.↑
390Ibid., p. 293; Van Hoëvell, Tanimbar, p. 174; Forbes, Timorlaut, pp. 15, 18.↑
391Riedel, l.c., p. 251; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 338, 344.↑
391Riedel, l.c., p. 251; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 338, 344.↑
392Riedel, l.c., pp. 226, 228, 231; Van Hoëvell,Kei-eilanden, p. 120; Pleijte, p. 567.↑
392Riedel, l.c., pp. 226, 228, 231; Van Hoëvell,Kei-eilanden, p. 120; Pleijte, p. 567.↑
393Riedel, l.c., p. 194.↑
393Riedel, l.c., p. 194.↑
394Ibid., p. 154.↑
394Ibid., p. 154.↑
395Ibid., pp. 101–103; Boot, p. 1171.↑
395Ibid., pp. 101–103; Boot, p. 1171.↑
396Riedel, l.c., p. 49; Van Hoëvell, Ambon, p. 47.↑
396Riedel, l.c., p. 49; Van Hoëvell, Ambon, p. 47.↑
397Hickson, p. 141; see also pp. 137, 139, 142; van Dinter.↑
397Hickson, p. 141; see also pp. 137, 139, 142; van Dinter.↑
398Riedel, Galela, pp. 64–66.↑
398Riedel, Galela, pp. 64–66.↑
399Campen, p. 285.↑
399Campen, p. 285.↑
400Riedel, Rassen, pp. 18, 19; Wilken, Boeroe, p. 3.↑
400Riedel, Rassen, pp. 18, 19; Wilken, Boeroe, p. 3.↑
401Van der Miesen, p. 449.↑
401Van der Miesen, p. 449.↑
402Blumentritt,Conquista, pp. 53–59; Blumentritt,Tagalen, pp. 12–17.↑
402Blumentritt,Conquista, pp. 53–59; Blumentritt,Tagalen, pp. 12–17.↑
403Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, pp. 9, 12, 28; Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 281.↑
403Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, pp. 9, 12, 28; Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 281.↑
404Blumentritt,Ethnographie, p. 49; Blumentritt, Mindanao, pp. 293, 294.↑
404Blumentritt,Ethnographie, p. 49; Blumentritt, Mindanao, pp. 293, 294.↑
405Blumentritt, Ethnographie pp. 53, 54; Blumentritt, Maguindanaos, p. 891; Jansen, pp. 219, 224, 225.↑
405Blumentritt, Ethnographie pp. 53, 54; Blumentritt, Maguindanaos, p. 891; Jansen, pp. 219, 224, 225.↑
406Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, p. 47.↑
406Schadenberg,Süd-Mindanao, p. 47.↑
407Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 297.↑
407Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 297.↑
408Blumentritt, Kianganen, p. 132.↑
408Blumentritt, Kianganen, p. 132.↑
409Blumentritt, Bungianen.↑
409Blumentritt, Bungianen.↑
410Venturillo, see especially p. 142; Miller.↑
410Venturillo, see especially p. 142; Miller.↑
411Jenks, pp. 136–138; Schadenberg,Nord-Luzon.↑
411Jenks, pp. 136–138; Schadenberg,Nord-Luzon.↑
412Blumentritt,Ethnographie; Meijer,Igorroten; Jagor, Philippines.↑
412Blumentritt,Ethnographie; Meijer,Igorroten; Jagor, Philippines.↑
413See Reed, p. 63; Semper,Philippinen; Mallat; Blumentritt, Negritos; Schadenberg, Negritos.↑
413See Reed, p. 63; Semper,Philippinen; Mallat; Blumentritt, Negritos; Schadenberg, Negritos.↑
414Schurtz,Katechismus, p. 221.↑
414Schurtz,Katechismus, p. 221.↑
415Sibree, pp. 181, 182; Hartmann, p. 75; Ellis, Madagascar, pp. 146–149.↑
415Sibree, pp. 181, 182; Hartmann, p. 75; Ellis, Madagascar, pp. 146–149.↑
416Sibree.↑
416Sibree.↑
417Hildebrandt,Ambergebirge, p. 276; Grandidier, p. 217.↑
417Hildebrandt,Ambergebirge, p. 276; Grandidier, p. 217.↑
418Veth, IV pp. 410–413.↑
418Veth, IV pp. 410–413.↑
419I, p. 11.↑
419I, p. 11.↑
420Liefrinck, Nota etc., p. 184.↑
420Liefrinck, Nota etc., p. 184.↑
421Waanders, p. 133.↑
421Waanders, p. 133.↑
422Liefrinck, ibid., p. 185.↑
422Liefrinck, ibid., p. 185.↑
423Waanders, pp. 107, 123–125; Tonkes, pp. 54–58.↑
423Waanders, pp. 107, 123–125; Tonkes, pp. 54–58.↑
424Tonkes, p. 61.↑
424Tonkes, p. 61.↑
425Liefrinck, Slavernij op Lombok, pp. 508, 514, sqq.↑
425Liefrinck, Slavernij op Lombok, pp. 508, 514, sqq.↑
426Van Eck, p. 356.↑
426Van Eck, p. 356.↑
427Van Hasselt,Volksbeschrijving van Midden-Sumatra, pp. 190, 191.↑
427Van Hasselt,Volksbeschrijving van Midden-Sumatra, pp. 190, 191.↑
428Willinck, pp. 130–144.↑
428Willinck, pp. 130–144.↑
429Among the Rejangs: Marsden, pp. 252, 255; in Semindo: Pauw ten Kate, pp. 537–542, Gramberg, pp. 458, 459; in Blalauw: Gramberg, pp. 471, 472; in Palembang: Gersen, pp. 136, 137; Singkel: Rosenberg, Singkel, p. 413, Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 45; Pangkallan: Holle, pp. 382, 383; Labuan-Batu: Neumann, Laboean-Batoe, pp. 478, 479,Korte beschrijving van het landschap Bilu, p. 553; Karintji, Serampas and Sungai Tenang: Klerks, p. 89; Upper Asahan: Van den Bor, p. 410; Batubarah: de Scheemaker, pp. 471–473; Siak: Nieuwenhuijzen, pp. 412–414; the Rokan states: Quast, pp. 416–418. In Glugur “serfdom does not exist: all men have the same human rights” (Van Delden, p. 169). Whether this is the original state of things, or due to Dutch interference, does not appear.↑
429Among the Rejangs: Marsden, pp. 252, 255; in Semindo: Pauw ten Kate, pp. 537–542, Gramberg, pp. 458, 459; in Blalauw: Gramberg, pp. 471, 472; in Palembang: Gersen, pp. 136, 137; Singkel: Rosenberg, Singkel, p. 413, Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 45; Pangkallan: Holle, pp. 382, 383; Labuan-Batu: Neumann, Laboean-Batoe, pp. 478, 479,Korte beschrijving van het landschap Bilu, p. 553; Karintji, Serampas and Sungai Tenang: Klerks, p. 89; Upper Asahan: Van den Bor, p. 410; Batubarah: de Scheemaker, pp. 471–473; Siak: Nieuwenhuijzen, pp. 412–414; the Rokan states: Quast, pp. 416–418. In Glugur “serfdom does not exist: all men have the same human rights” (Van Delden, p. 169). Whether this is the original state of things, or due to Dutch interference, does not appear.↑
430Snouck Hurgronje,De Atjehers, I pp. 21–25. Concerning the West Coast of Atjeh, see also van Langen, pp. 478, 479.↑
430Snouck Hurgronje,De Atjehers, I pp. 21–25. Concerning the West Coast of Atjeh, see also van Langen, pp. 478, 479.↑
431Snouck Hurgronje, Het Gajoland, pp. 62–64.↑
431Snouck Hurgronje, Het Gajoland, pp. 62–64.↑
432Matthes, pp. 3, 5, 136, 137, etc. On the Bugis of Tanette and Barru, see also Bakkers, Tanette, p. 257, and on those of Boni: Bakkers, Boni, pp. 60, 98, 153.↑
432Matthes, pp. 3, 5, 136, 137, etc. On the Bugis of Tanette and Barru, see also Bakkers, Tanette, p. 257, and on those of Boni: Bakkers, Boni, pp. 60, 98, 153.↑
433Robidé, pp. 53, 218, 221, etc.↑
433Robidé, pp. 53, 218, 221, etc.↑
434De Clercq, Ternate, p. 74.↑
434De Clercq, Ternate, p. 74.↑
435Saleeby, p. 65.↑
435Saleeby, p. 65.↑
436Colquhoun, p. 189; Harper Parker, pp. 88, 100.↑
436Colquhoun, p. 189; Harper Parker, pp. 88, 100.↑
437Colquhoun, pp. 189, 258.↑
437Colquhoun, pp. 189, 258.↑
438St. John, Aracan, pp. 240–242.↑
438St. John, Aracan, pp. 240–242.↑
439Lewin, p. 85.↑
439Lewin, p. 85.↑
440Colquhoun, p. 77.↑
440Colquhoun, p. 77.↑
441Ibid., p. 155.↑
441Ibid., p. 155.↑