Abundance of food,203,228,236,246,255.Adoption, of captives,29,192,246note1,263,288,400,424,428,437;of slaves,431.Adult males, not desired for slaves,438note2.Ager publicus,383note1.Agricultural tribes, definition of term,176;have much use for slave labour,297sqq.;generally have open resources,386.Agriculture, among pastoral tribes,263;stages of, according to Grosse,177;according to Hahn,177;our three stages,177;a. proper,177,297.Antichresis,40.Appropriation of land,303sqq.,321,323,328,362–383.Aristocracy, slaves the tools of,401,439.Ashley, Professor W. J., on medieval England,348,350–352,358,362–372.Assessment of wages,367.Bagehot, Walter, on the universality of slavery,171;on leisure being the great need of early societies,213;on equality of freemen in new countries,298;on “wholesale” and “retail” slavery,302;on the use of slavery,436.Bastian, Professor A., on the relativity of all liberty,5;on “slaves of the chief”,30.Bauernlegen,379,382note1.Black Death,366.Blending of types, furthered by slavery,437.Bos, Dr. P. R., on slavery among the Tlinkits and similar tribes,174,216.Brinton, D. G., on the influence of slavery on the blending of types,437.Bücher, Professor K., on hunting,199;on trade among savages,210note3.Burial of slaves,433.Cairnes, J. E., on slave labour,198;on slaves and peasant proprietors299–301;on abundance of land as a requisite for the existence of slavery,303,304;on the cultivation of cotton and similar crops,395.Cannibalism,8,428.Capital, among the Eskimos,254;among pastoral tribes,268sqq.;among agricultural tribes,297;subsistence dependent on c.,255sqq.,268sqq.,297,383sqq.,418;c. wanting in a system of natural economy, according to Hildebrand,352,354.Captives, treatment of,413,424,428,436;adoptedseeAdoption;repelled by their former countrymen,215,435.Carey, H. C., on the relation of parent and child,26.Carolingian period,374.Cattle-breeding agriculturists,265,271,297.Chamberlain, A. F., on child-life among savages,26note2.Characteristics of slavery,5.Chiefs, as slave-owners,30–32,434,440;their wants provided for by[468]their subjects,193;appropriation of land by c.,329.Children, Australian parents fond of their,24;treatment of, among savages,26sqq.;adopted,29;ch. of slaves, and of free people and slaves, status of,428,433.Civilized nations, XVI;influence of45,412sqq.“Clear cases”,46.Clearing of land amodus acquirendi,311,321,328.Coercive power,259,286,407,425.Coloni,36,382note3,383note1.Colonies, labour in,298,306sqq.Colonization, in medieval Germany,376,380.CommerceseeTrade.Commercial tribes, meaning of term,394;most often keep slaves,394,423;c. countries,354.Commons,363,364,369,376,378,381.Commutation,353sqq.,364,365,367,372,377,379.Comparative method, XV, XVII.Compulsion, personal and impersonal,421.Compulsory labour,5,8,9,40, 348,419sqq.Comte, Aug., on slavery and religion, XX.Connubiumbetween free people and slaves,430,432.Copyhold,366,367,372.Credit economy,352.Criticism of ethnographical literature, XVII sqq.,41sqq.Croce, B., On Loria,306note1.Cunningham, Professor W., on primitive agriculture,295note1;on Wakefield and his system of colonization,308note1;on the influence of commerce,394note1;on slaves brought from a distance fetching a higher price than others,414note1;on slave labour in ancient Tyre and Greece,440note1;on medieval England,349,351,363sqq;on natural economy and money economy,362.Dargun, Dr. L.,on the development of economic life,175;on employment of women in primitive agriculture,178;on individual property among pastoral tribes,273note1;on tribal property in land,310;on land tenure among the Australians,346note7.Darwin, Ch., on the condition of women among savages,23;on derivation of institutions,45note3;on the Fuegians,82note3.Death-rate among slaves,437.Debtor-slaves,39,344,429,439.Dedication of slaves to gods,431.Demesne,350.Déniker, J., on the moral code of savages,433note2;on different kinds of slaves,433note4.Depopulation, in Oceania,341;in England in the 14th century,366.Derivation of institutions,45,214,216note7,411.Dimitroff Dr. Z., on slavery among pastoral tribes,173.Disafforesting controversy,363.Division of labour, the function of slavery,7;between the sexes,22.Domesday Book,363.Domestic labour performed by slaves,217,281,388,438.Early history of mankind, XV.Economic states of society,174sqq.Emancipation of slaves,430.Enemies, hated but not despised,197.Ethnographers, XVII,4.Ethnographical literature, XVII sqq.Ethnology, XV.Evictions of the 15thand 16thcenturies, in England,369sqq.;in Germany,382.Exchange of wives in Australia,14,20.Expansion, a necessity of slave societies,304.Experimentum crucis,227.External causes,259,286, 407sqq.,417,425.Extratribal slavery,194,424,428,433,437.Familia rusticaandfamilia urbana388,389,433.[469]Family, slaves regarded as belonging to the master’s,301,431.Felix, Professor L., on slavery in the early stages of social life,174.Female labour, in Australia,15;among hunters,199;amongSammler,202;on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,218sqq.;in Central N. America,242sqq.;among the Eskimos,252;among pastoral tribes,281;among hunting agriculturists,295;performed by men,200;performed by slaves,217,218,281,388,389;making slave labour superfluous,258,389sqq.Ferrero, G., on the selective influence of slavery,437.Fishing, on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,202;in Australia,229;in Central N. America,237;among the Eskimos,247;not so unfavourable to the growth of slavery as hunting,201,255.Fishing agriculturists,296.Fishing tribes, definition of term,202;generally have openresources,386.Fixed habitations,205,229,237,247,255,259,286,407,425.Flügel, Dr. O., on the absence of slavery among hunters,172;on the character of early slavery,302note2.Fluidity of labour,355.Forests in Germany,373,378,380.Freizügigkeit, the true mark of freedom,350.Geographical groups, XVII,46.Government among the Australians,232sqq.Grosse, Dr. E., on the Australians,84note3;on stages of agriculture,177;on the condition of women among “higher hunters”,222sqq.Groups, living in small, unfavourable to the growth of slavery,194,255,259,425;size of g., among hunters,194;among the tribes of the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,205;in Australia,229;in Central N. America,237;among the Eskimos,247;among pastoral tribes,282;among agricultural tribes,407.Grünberg, Dr.,on the universality of slavery,171.Grupp, Dr. G., on money economy and serfdom,362note2.Hahn, Dr. E., on agriculture,177.Hildebrand, Professor B., on natural, money and credit economy,352sqq.;criticism of H.’s theory,354sqq.Hildebrand, Dr. R., on employment of women in primitive agriculture,178note1;on landed property in primitive societies,310note1.Hinterland,232.Hoe culture,177,297.Horticulture,177.Hunter, good, highly respected,195.Hunting, psychical character of,195;not fit to be performed by slaves,195sqq.;requires the utmost application,197.Hunting agriculturists,177note4,228,294;male and female labour among,295;are often nomadic,295;why most of them do not keep slaves,295,406,407;they do not employ slaves in warfare,400.Hunting tribes, definition of term,176;generally have open resources,386;hardly ever keep slaves,192,203.Illustration, facts adduced by way of, XVIII.Improvidence, of Australians,230;of Central N. American Indians,237sqq.Inama-Sternegg, Professor K. Th. von, on natural economy and serfdom,362note2;on medieval Germany,348,358,359,362,373sqq.Inclosures,364,370–372.Inductive method, XVII.Industry,178note2;on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,207sqq.;in Australia,231,232;in Central N. America,239,240;among the Eskimos,248–250;among pastoral tribes,281;effects of,259.Inferior races, neighbourhood of,288,414,425.[470]Ingram, Professor J. K., XX;on the use of the terms “slave” and “slavery”,4;definition of slavery,6;on lower castes,33;on the character of serfdom,37;on slavery among hunting, pastoral and agricultural tribes,172;on employment of slaves in warfare by the Romans,401;onlibertiholding high offices,403note2;on the African slave-trade,410sqq.;on the moral effect of slavery,436.Intercourse, between neighbouring tribes,214,260,289;with superior races,411,425.Internal causes,417.Intratribal slavery,194,428.Isolated tribes,228.Jägerbauern,seeHunting agriculturists.Jews in the Middle Ages,197note1.Jhering, Professor R. von, definition of slavery,6;on slavery in early Rome,302note2.Kohler, Professor J., on the Marshall Islanders,104;on the Duallas,149note9;on slavery and commerce,395.Labour, demand for,384,419;among pastoral tribes,273;in Oceania,342sqq.;among agricultural tribes,298sqq.Labourers, free,34,256;among pastoral tribes,268sqq.;among cattle-breeding agriculturists,271;in Oceania,333sqq.;in medieval England,364,366–369,371;in medieval Germany,375,378,379sqq.;in ancient Rome,383note1;slaves preferred to f. l.,285;productive and unproductive l.,404–406;condition of l. in agricultural and in manufacturing countries,420;free l. only found in countries with money economy, according to Hildebrand,352sqq.Lamprecht, Professor K., on slavery among pastoral tribes,173;on medieval Germany,376sqq.Land, conquest and confiscation of, 329;freemen destitute of,311,321,323,328,331,375;l. and population, XVI,302sqq.,383,418;l. tenure in Polynesia,314sqq.;in Micronesia,321sqq.;in Melanesia,324sqq.;in Australia,346note7;in medieval England,362sqq.;in medieval Germany,373sqq.Lange, F. A., on poverty and manufactures,361;on the transition from agriculture to sheep breeding in England,369note2;on open and closed countries,386;on the dependence of the working classes,421;on the moral effect of slavery,436note4.Leading ideas, XIX.Leibeigenen,34sqq.Lending of wives in Australia,14,21.Leroy-Beaulieu, P., on the luxury of early societies,404.Letourneau, Ch., XIX;definition of slavery,6;on captives preserved for cannibal purposes,8;on slavery in early stages of social life,174;on woman’s position in Australia and among savages generally,9,10;on the character of serfdom,38;on the Tehuelches,81;on the Australians,84note3,85note5;on the Maori,97note1;on the Marquesas Islanders,101;on the Padam Abors,126note8;on the Turkomans,131;on the Tlinkits and neighbouring tribes,216note7.Levirate in Australia,14,21.Liberti, position of,431;in Rome,403.Lippert, Dr. J., definition of slavery,6;on wives and slaves,25note1;on children and slaves,29note1;on slavery among pastoral tribes,173.Literature on slavery, XV, XIX, XX.Loria, A., on the productiveness of slave and free labour,299note3;on the appropriation of the soil and its social effects,304sqq.Lower classes,33;in Oceania,333.“Lowest type of man”,170.Luxury, of early societies,404;slaves kept as a l.,284,403sqq.,425.[471]Male labour, in Australia,21sqq.;among hunters,195,200;amongSammler,202;among pastoral tribes,273sqq.Malthus, on the lowest races,170note3;on the economic structure of pastoral societies,273note3,282note4;on poverty and manufactures,361;on the causes of war386, note1;on the luxury of early societies,404note3.Manufactured goods,232,255,397,423.Manufactures and hunting as extremes,199;m. and poverty,361.Marital rights among the Australians12sqq.,19sqq.Marriage, among the Australians,11,17;of slaves and free people,430,431.Marx, K., on land and population,307note1;on commutation and free tenancies,362note2.Materialistic theory of history,171.Matriarchal theory,26.Meat, scarcity of, in medieval Germany,379.Mental sciences, XV.Merivale, H., on land and labour,308.Merovingian period,373.Metaphoric use of the term “slavery”,4,10.Method, of ascertaining the existence or non-existence of slavery,41sqq.;of investigating the causes of slavery,169sqq.Meyer, Dr. E., on the character of ancient slavery,6;on primitive slavery,25;on slavery in ancient Rome,383note1.Militarism, effects of,259,282sqq.,398sqq.,424.Mill, J. S., on slave labour and free labour,198.
Abundance of food,203,228,236,246,255.Adoption, of captives,29,192,246note1,263,288,400,424,428,437;of slaves,431.Adult males, not desired for slaves,438note2.Ager publicus,383note1.Agricultural tribes, definition of term,176;have much use for slave labour,297sqq.;generally have open resources,386.Agriculture, among pastoral tribes,263;stages of, according to Grosse,177;according to Hahn,177;our three stages,177;a. proper,177,297.Antichresis,40.Appropriation of land,303sqq.,321,323,328,362–383.Aristocracy, slaves the tools of,401,439.Ashley, Professor W. J., on medieval England,348,350–352,358,362–372.Assessment of wages,367.Bagehot, Walter, on the universality of slavery,171;on leisure being the great need of early societies,213;on equality of freemen in new countries,298;on “wholesale” and “retail” slavery,302;on the use of slavery,436.Bastian, Professor A., on the relativity of all liberty,5;on “slaves of the chief”,30.Bauernlegen,379,382note1.Black Death,366.Blending of types, furthered by slavery,437.Bos, Dr. P. R., on slavery among the Tlinkits and similar tribes,174,216.Brinton, D. G., on the influence of slavery on the blending of types,437.Bücher, Professor K., on hunting,199;on trade among savages,210note3.Burial of slaves,433.Cairnes, J. E., on slave labour,198;on slaves and peasant proprietors299–301;on abundance of land as a requisite for the existence of slavery,303,304;on the cultivation of cotton and similar crops,395.Cannibalism,8,428.Capital, among the Eskimos,254;among pastoral tribes,268sqq.;among agricultural tribes,297;subsistence dependent on c.,255sqq.,268sqq.,297,383sqq.,418;c. wanting in a system of natural economy, according to Hildebrand,352,354.Captives, treatment of,413,424,428,436;adoptedseeAdoption;repelled by their former countrymen,215,435.Carey, H. C., on the relation of parent and child,26.Carolingian period,374.Cattle-breeding agriculturists,265,271,297.Chamberlain, A. F., on child-life among savages,26note2.Characteristics of slavery,5.Chiefs, as slave-owners,30–32,434,440;their wants provided for by[468]their subjects,193;appropriation of land by c.,329.Children, Australian parents fond of their,24;treatment of, among savages,26sqq.;adopted,29;ch. of slaves, and of free people and slaves, status of,428,433.Civilized nations, XVI;influence of45,412sqq.“Clear cases”,46.Clearing of land amodus acquirendi,311,321,328.Coercive power,259,286,407,425.Coloni,36,382note3,383note1.Colonies, labour in,298,306sqq.Colonization, in medieval Germany,376,380.CommerceseeTrade.Commercial tribes, meaning of term,394;most often keep slaves,394,423;c. countries,354.Commons,363,364,369,376,378,381.Commutation,353sqq.,364,365,367,372,377,379.Comparative method, XV, XVII.Compulsion, personal and impersonal,421.Compulsory labour,5,8,9,40, 348,419sqq.Comte, Aug., on slavery and religion, XX.Connubiumbetween free people and slaves,430,432.Copyhold,366,367,372.Credit economy,352.Criticism of ethnographical literature, XVII sqq.,41sqq.Croce, B., On Loria,306note1.Cunningham, Professor W., on primitive agriculture,295note1;on Wakefield and his system of colonization,308note1;on the influence of commerce,394note1;on slaves brought from a distance fetching a higher price than others,414note1;on slave labour in ancient Tyre and Greece,440note1;on medieval England,349,351,363sqq;on natural economy and money economy,362.Dargun, Dr. L.,on the development of economic life,175;on employment of women in primitive agriculture,178;on individual property among pastoral tribes,273note1;on tribal property in land,310;on land tenure among the Australians,346note7.Darwin, Ch., on the condition of women among savages,23;on derivation of institutions,45note3;on the Fuegians,82note3.Death-rate among slaves,437.Debtor-slaves,39,344,429,439.Dedication of slaves to gods,431.Demesne,350.Déniker, J., on the moral code of savages,433note2;on different kinds of slaves,433note4.Depopulation, in Oceania,341;in England in the 14th century,366.Derivation of institutions,45,214,216note7,411.Dimitroff Dr. Z., on slavery among pastoral tribes,173.Disafforesting controversy,363.Division of labour, the function of slavery,7;between the sexes,22.Domesday Book,363.Domestic labour performed by slaves,217,281,388,438.Early history of mankind, XV.Economic states of society,174sqq.Emancipation of slaves,430.Enemies, hated but not despised,197.Ethnographers, XVII,4.Ethnographical literature, XVII sqq.Ethnology, XV.Evictions of the 15thand 16thcenturies, in England,369sqq.;in Germany,382.Exchange of wives in Australia,14,20.Expansion, a necessity of slave societies,304.Experimentum crucis,227.External causes,259,286, 407sqq.,417,425.Extratribal slavery,194,424,428,433,437.Familia rusticaandfamilia urbana388,389,433.[469]Family, slaves regarded as belonging to the master’s,301,431.Felix, Professor L., on slavery in the early stages of social life,174.Female labour, in Australia,15;among hunters,199;amongSammler,202;on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,218sqq.;in Central N. America,242sqq.;among the Eskimos,252;among pastoral tribes,281;among hunting agriculturists,295;performed by men,200;performed by slaves,217,218,281,388,389;making slave labour superfluous,258,389sqq.Ferrero, G., on the selective influence of slavery,437.Fishing, on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,202;in Australia,229;in Central N. America,237;among the Eskimos,247;not so unfavourable to the growth of slavery as hunting,201,255.Fishing agriculturists,296.Fishing tribes, definition of term,202;generally have openresources,386.Fixed habitations,205,229,237,247,255,259,286,407,425.Flügel, Dr. O., on the absence of slavery among hunters,172;on the character of early slavery,302note2.Fluidity of labour,355.Forests in Germany,373,378,380.Freizügigkeit, the true mark of freedom,350.Geographical groups, XVII,46.Government among the Australians,232sqq.Grosse, Dr. E., on the Australians,84note3;on stages of agriculture,177;on the condition of women among “higher hunters”,222sqq.Groups, living in small, unfavourable to the growth of slavery,194,255,259,425;size of g., among hunters,194;among the tribes of the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,205;in Australia,229;in Central N. America,237;among the Eskimos,247;among pastoral tribes,282;among agricultural tribes,407.Grünberg, Dr.,on the universality of slavery,171.Grupp, Dr. G., on money economy and serfdom,362note2.Hahn, Dr. E., on agriculture,177.Hildebrand, Professor B., on natural, money and credit economy,352sqq.;criticism of H.’s theory,354sqq.Hildebrand, Dr. R., on employment of women in primitive agriculture,178note1;on landed property in primitive societies,310note1.Hinterland,232.Hoe culture,177,297.Horticulture,177.Hunter, good, highly respected,195.Hunting, psychical character of,195;not fit to be performed by slaves,195sqq.;requires the utmost application,197.Hunting agriculturists,177note4,228,294;male and female labour among,295;are often nomadic,295;why most of them do not keep slaves,295,406,407;they do not employ slaves in warfare,400.Hunting tribes, definition of term,176;generally have open resources,386;hardly ever keep slaves,192,203.Illustration, facts adduced by way of, XVIII.Improvidence, of Australians,230;of Central N. American Indians,237sqq.Inama-Sternegg, Professor K. Th. von, on natural economy and serfdom,362note2;on medieval Germany,348,358,359,362,373sqq.Inclosures,364,370–372.Inductive method, XVII.Industry,178note2;on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,207sqq.;in Australia,231,232;in Central N. America,239,240;among the Eskimos,248–250;among pastoral tribes,281;effects of,259.Inferior races, neighbourhood of,288,414,425.[470]Ingram, Professor J. K., XX;on the use of the terms “slave” and “slavery”,4;definition of slavery,6;on lower castes,33;on the character of serfdom,37;on slavery among hunting, pastoral and agricultural tribes,172;on employment of slaves in warfare by the Romans,401;onlibertiholding high offices,403note2;on the African slave-trade,410sqq.;on the moral effect of slavery,436.Intercourse, between neighbouring tribes,214,260,289;with superior races,411,425.Internal causes,417.Intratribal slavery,194,428.Isolated tribes,228.Jägerbauern,seeHunting agriculturists.Jews in the Middle Ages,197note1.Jhering, Professor R. von, definition of slavery,6;on slavery in early Rome,302note2.Kohler, Professor J., on the Marshall Islanders,104;on the Duallas,149note9;on slavery and commerce,395.Labour, demand for,384,419;among pastoral tribes,273;in Oceania,342sqq.;among agricultural tribes,298sqq.Labourers, free,34,256;among pastoral tribes,268sqq.;among cattle-breeding agriculturists,271;in Oceania,333sqq.;in medieval England,364,366–369,371;in medieval Germany,375,378,379sqq.;in ancient Rome,383note1;slaves preferred to f. l.,285;productive and unproductive l.,404–406;condition of l. in agricultural and in manufacturing countries,420;free l. only found in countries with money economy, according to Hildebrand,352sqq.Lamprecht, Professor K., on slavery among pastoral tribes,173;on medieval Germany,376sqq.Land, conquest and confiscation of, 329;freemen destitute of,311,321,323,328,331,375;l. and population, XVI,302sqq.,383,418;l. tenure in Polynesia,314sqq.;in Micronesia,321sqq.;in Melanesia,324sqq.;in Australia,346note7;in medieval England,362sqq.;in medieval Germany,373sqq.Lange, F. A., on poverty and manufactures,361;on the transition from agriculture to sheep breeding in England,369note2;on open and closed countries,386;on the dependence of the working classes,421;on the moral effect of slavery,436note4.Leading ideas, XIX.Leibeigenen,34sqq.Lending of wives in Australia,14,21.Leroy-Beaulieu, P., on the luxury of early societies,404.Letourneau, Ch., XIX;definition of slavery,6;on captives preserved for cannibal purposes,8;on slavery in early stages of social life,174;on woman’s position in Australia and among savages generally,9,10;on the character of serfdom,38;on the Tehuelches,81;on the Australians,84note3,85note5;on the Maori,97note1;on the Marquesas Islanders,101;on the Padam Abors,126note8;on the Turkomans,131;on the Tlinkits and neighbouring tribes,216note7.Levirate in Australia,14,21.Liberti, position of,431;in Rome,403.Lippert, Dr. J., definition of slavery,6;on wives and slaves,25note1;on children and slaves,29note1;on slavery among pastoral tribes,173.Literature on slavery, XV, XIX, XX.Loria, A., on the productiveness of slave and free labour,299note3;on the appropriation of the soil and its social effects,304sqq.Lower classes,33;in Oceania,333.“Lowest type of man”,170.Luxury, of early societies,404;slaves kept as a l.,284,403sqq.,425.[471]Male labour, in Australia,21sqq.;among hunters,195,200;amongSammler,202;among pastoral tribes,273sqq.Malthus, on the lowest races,170note3;on the economic structure of pastoral societies,273note3,282note4;on poverty and manufactures,361;on the causes of war386, note1;on the luxury of early societies,404note3.Manufactured goods,232,255,397,423.Manufactures and hunting as extremes,199;m. and poverty,361.Marital rights among the Australians12sqq.,19sqq.Marriage, among the Australians,11,17;of slaves and free people,430,431.Marx, K., on land and population,307note1;on commutation and free tenancies,362note2.Materialistic theory of history,171.Matriarchal theory,26.Meat, scarcity of, in medieval Germany,379.Mental sciences, XV.Merivale, H., on land and labour,308.Merovingian period,373.Metaphoric use of the term “slavery”,4,10.Method, of ascertaining the existence or non-existence of slavery,41sqq.;of investigating the causes of slavery,169sqq.Meyer, Dr. E., on the character of ancient slavery,6;on primitive slavery,25;on slavery in ancient Rome,383note1.Militarism, effects of,259,282sqq.,398sqq.,424.Mill, J. S., on slave labour and free labour,198.
Abundance of food,203,228,236,246,255.Adoption, of captives,29,192,246note1,263,288,400,424,428,437;of slaves,431.Adult males, not desired for slaves,438note2.Ager publicus,383note1.Agricultural tribes, definition of term,176;have much use for slave labour,297sqq.;generally have open resources,386.Agriculture, among pastoral tribes,263;stages of, according to Grosse,177;according to Hahn,177;our three stages,177;a. proper,177,297.Antichresis,40.Appropriation of land,303sqq.,321,323,328,362–383.Aristocracy, slaves the tools of,401,439.Ashley, Professor W. J., on medieval England,348,350–352,358,362–372.Assessment of wages,367.Bagehot, Walter, on the universality of slavery,171;on leisure being the great need of early societies,213;on equality of freemen in new countries,298;on “wholesale” and “retail” slavery,302;on the use of slavery,436.Bastian, Professor A., on the relativity of all liberty,5;on “slaves of the chief”,30.Bauernlegen,379,382note1.Black Death,366.Blending of types, furthered by slavery,437.Bos, Dr. P. R., on slavery among the Tlinkits and similar tribes,174,216.Brinton, D. G., on the influence of slavery on the blending of types,437.Bücher, Professor K., on hunting,199;on trade among savages,210note3.Burial of slaves,433.Cairnes, J. E., on slave labour,198;on slaves and peasant proprietors299–301;on abundance of land as a requisite for the existence of slavery,303,304;on the cultivation of cotton and similar crops,395.Cannibalism,8,428.Capital, among the Eskimos,254;among pastoral tribes,268sqq.;among agricultural tribes,297;subsistence dependent on c.,255sqq.,268sqq.,297,383sqq.,418;c. wanting in a system of natural economy, according to Hildebrand,352,354.Captives, treatment of,413,424,428,436;adoptedseeAdoption;repelled by their former countrymen,215,435.Carey, H. C., on the relation of parent and child,26.Carolingian period,374.Cattle-breeding agriculturists,265,271,297.Chamberlain, A. F., on child-life among savages,26note2.Characteristics of slavery,5.Chiefs, as slave-owners,30–32,434,440;their wants provided for by[468]their subjects,193;appropriation of land by c.,329.Children, Australian parents fond of their,24;treatment of, among savages,26sqq.;adopted,29;ch. of slaves, and of free people and slaves, status of,428,433.Civilized nations, XVI;influence of45,412sqq.“Clear cases”,46.Clearing of land amodus acquirendi,311,321,328.Coercive power,259,286,407,425.Coloni,36,382note3,383note1.Colonies, labour in,298,306sqq.Colonization, in medieval Germany,376,380.CommerceseeTrade.Commercial tribes, meaning of term,394;most often keep slaves,394,423;c. countries,354.Commons,363,364,369,376,378,381.Commutation,353sqq.,364,365,367,372,377,379.Comparative method, XV, XVII.Compulsion, personal and impersonal,421.Compulsory labour,5,8,9,40, 348,419sqq.Comte, Aug., on slavery and religion, XX.Connubiumbetween free people and slaves,430,432.Copyhold,366,367,372.Credit economy,352.Criticism of ethnographical literature, XVII sqq.,41sqq.Croce, B., On Loria,306note1.Cunningham, Professor W., on primitive agriculture,295note1;on Wakefield and his system of colonization,308note1;on the influence of commerce,394note1;on slaves brought from a distance fetching a higher price than others,414note1;on slave labour in ancient Tyre and Greece,440note1;on medieval England,349,351,363sqq;on natural economy and money economy,362.Dargun, Dr. L.,on the development of economic life,175;on employment of women in primitive agriculture,178;on individual property among pastoral tribes,273note1;on tribal property in land,310;on land tenure among the Australians,346note7.Darwin, Ch., on the condition of women among savages,23;on derivation of institutions,45note3;on the Fuegians,82note3.Death-rate among slaves,437.Debtor-slaves,39,344,429,439.Dedication of slaves to gods,431.Demesne,350.Déniker, J., on the moral code of savages,433note2;on different kinds of slaves,433note4.Depopulation, in Oceania,341;in England in the 14th century,366.Derivation of institutions,45,214,216note7,411.Dimitroff Dr. Z., on slavery among pastoral tribes,173.Disafforesting controversy,363.Division of labour, the function of slavery,7;between the sexes,22.Domesday Book,363.Domestic labour performed by slaves,217,281,388,438.Early history of mankind, XV.Economic states of society,174sqq.Emancipation of slaves,430.Enemies, hated but not despised,197.Ethnographers, XVII,4.Ethnographical literature, XVII sqq.Ethnology, XV.Evictions of the 15thand 16thcenturies, in England,369sqq.;in Germany,382.Exchange of wives in Australia,14,20.Expansion, a necessity of slave societies,304.Experimentum crucis,227.External causes,259,286, 407sqq.,417,425.Extratribal slavery,194,424,428,433,437.Familia rusticaandfamilia urbana388,389,433.[469]Family, slaves regarded as belonging to the master’s,301,431.Felix, Professor L., on slavery in the early stages of social life,174.Female labour, in Australia,15;among hunters,199;amongSammler,202;on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,218sqq.;in Central N. America,242sqq.;among the Eskimos,252;among pastoral tribes,281;among hunting agriculturists,295;performed by men,200;performed by slaves,217,218,281,388,389;making slave labour superfluous,258,389sqq.Ferrero, G., on the selective influence of slavery,437.Fishing, on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,202;in Australia,229;in Central N. America,237;among the Eskimos,247;not so unfavourable to the growth of slavery as hunting,201,255.Fishing agriculturists,296.Fishing tribes, definition of term,202;generally have openresources,386.Fixed habitations,205,229,237,247,255,259,286,407,425.Flügel, Dr. O., on the absence of slavery among hunters,172;on the character of early slavery,302note2.Fluidity of labour,355.Forests in Germany,373,378,380.Freizügigkeit, the true mark of freedom,350.Geographical groups, XVII,46.Government among the Australians,232sqq.Grosse, Dr. E., on the Australians,84note3;on stages of agriculture,177;on the condition of women among “higher hunters”,222sqq.Groups, living in small, unfavourable to the growth of slavery,194,255,259,425;size of g., among hunters,194;among the tribes of the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,205;in Australia,229;in Central N. America,237;among the Eskimos,247;among pastoral tribes,282;among agricultural tribes,407.Grünberg, Dr.,on the universality of slavery,171.Grupp, Dr. G., on money economy and serfdom,362note2.Hahn, Dr. E., on agriculture,177.Hildebrand, Professor B., on natural, money and credit economy,352sqq.;criticism of H.’s theory,354sqq.Hildebrand, Dr. R., on employment of women in primitive agriculture,178note1;on landed property in primitive societies,310note1.Hinterland,232.Hoe culture,177,297.Horticulture,177.Hunter, good, highly respected,195.Hunting, psychical character of,195;not fit to be performed by slaves,195sqq.;requires the utmost application,197.Hunting agriculturists,177note4,228,294;male and female labour among,295;are often nomadic,295;why most of them do not keep slaves,295,406,407;they do not employ slaves in warfare,400.Hunting tribes, definition of term,176;generally have open resources,386;hardly ever keep slaves,192,203.Illustration, facts adduced by way of, XVIII.Improvidence, of Australians,230;of Central N. American Indians,237sqq.Inama-Sternegg, Professor K. Th. von, on natural economy and serfdom,362note2;on medieval Germany,348,358,359,362,373sqq.Inclosures,364,370–372.Inductive method, XVII.Industry,178note2;on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,207sqq.;in Australia,231,232;in Central N. America,239,240;among the Eskimos,248–250;among pastoral tribes,281;effects of,259.Inferior races, neighbourhood of,288,414,425.[470]Ingram, Professor J. K., XX;on the use of the terms “slave” and “slavery”,4;definition of slavery,6;on lower castes,33;on the character of serfdom,37;on slavery among hunting, pastoral and agricultural tribes,172;on employment of slaves in warfare by the Romans,401;onlibertiholding high offices,403note2;on the African slave-trade,410sqq.;on the moral effect of slavery,436.Intercourse, between neighbouring tribes,214,260,289;with superior races,411,425.Internal causes,417.Intratribal slavery,194,428.Isolated tribes,228.Jägerbauern,seeHunting agriculturists.Jews in the Middle Ages,197note1.Jhering, Professor R. von, definition of slavery,6;on slavery in early Rome,302note2.Kohler, Professor J., on the Marshall Islanders,104;on the Duallas,149note9;on slavery and commerce,395.Labour, demand for,384,419;among pastoral tribes,273;in Oceania,342sqq.;among agricultural tribes,298sqq.Labourers, free,34,256;among pastoral tribes,268sqq.;among cattle-breeding agriculturists,271;in Oceania,333sqq.;in medieval England,364,366–369,371;in medieval Germany,375,378,379sqq.;in ancient Rome,383note1;slaves preferred to f. l.,285;productive and unproductive l.,404–406;condition of l. in agricultural and in manufacturing countries,420;free l. only found in countries with money economy, according to Hildebrand,352sqq.Lamprecht, Professor K., on slavery among pastoral tribes,173;on medieval Germany,376sqq.Land, conquest and confiscation of, 329;freemen destitute of,311,321,323,328,331,375;l. and population, XVI,302sqq.,383,418;l. tenure in Polynesia,314sqq.;in Micronesia,321sqq.;in Melanesia,324sqq.;in Australia,346note7;in medieval England,362sqq.;in medieval Germany,373sqq.Lange, F. A., on poverty and manufactures,361;on the transition from agriculture to sheep breeding in England,369note2;on open and closed countries,386;on the dependence of the working classes,421;on the moral effect of slavery,436note4.Leading ideas, XIX.Leibeigenen,34sqq.Lending of wives in Australia,14,21.Leroy-Beaulieu, P., on the luxury of early societies,404.Letourneau, Ch., XIX;definition of slavery,6;on captives preserved for cannibal purposes,8;on slavery in early stages of social life,174;on woman’s position in Australia and among savages generally,9,10;on the character of serfdom,38;on the Tehuelches,81;on the Australians,84note3,85note5;on the Maori,97note1;on the Marquesas Islanders,101;on the Padam Abors,126note8;on the Turkomans,131;on the Tlinkits and neighbouring tribes,216note7.Levirate in Australia,14,21.Liberti, position of,431;in Rome,403.Lippert, Dr. J., definition of slavery,6;on wives and slaves,25note1;on children and slaves,29note1;on slavery among pastoral tribes,173.Literature on slavery, XV, XIX, XX.Loria, A., on the productiveness of slave and free labour,299note3;on the appropriation of the soil and its social effects,304sqq.Lower classes,33;in Oceania,333.“Lowest type of man”,170.Luxury, of early societies,404;slaves kept as a l.,284,403sqq.,425.[471]Male labour, in Australia,21sqq.;among hunters,195,200;amongSammler,202;among pastoral tribes,273sqq.Malthus, on the lowest races,170note3;on the economic structure of pastoral societies,273note3,282note4;on poverty and manufactures,361;on the causes of war386, note1;on the luxury of early societies,404note3.Manufactured goods,232,255,397,423.Manufactures and hunting as extremes,199;m. and poverty,361.Marital rights among the Australians12sqq.,19sqq.Marriage, among the Australians,11,17;of slaves and free people,430,431.Marx, K., on land and population,307note1;on commutation and free tenancies,362note2.Materialistic theory of history,171.Matriarchal theory,26.Meat, scarcity of, in medieval Germany,379.Mental sciences, XV.Merivale, H., on land and labour,308.Merovingian period,373.Metaphoric use of the term “slavery”,4,10.Method, of ascertaining the existence or non-existence of slavery,41sqq.;of investigating the causes of slavery,169sqq.Meyer, Dr. E., on the character of ancient slavery,6;on primitive slavery,25;on slavery in ancient Rome,383note1.Militarism, effects of,259,282sqq.,398sqq.,424.Mill, J. S., on slave labour and free labour,198.
Abundance of food,203,228,236,246,255.
Adoption, of captives,29,192,246note1,263,288,400,424,428,437;of slaves,431.
Adult males, not desired for slaves,438note2.
Ager publicus,383note1.
Agricultural tribes, definition of term,176;have much use for slave labour,297sqq.;generally have open resources,386.
Agriculture, among pastoral tribes,263;stages of, according to Grosse,177;according to Hahn,177;our three stages,177;a. proper,177,297.
Antichresis,40.
Appropriation of land,303sqq.,321,323,328,362–383.
Aristocracy, slaves the tools of,401,439.
Ashley, Professor W. J., on medieval England,348,350–352,358,362–372.
Assessment of wages,367.
Bagehot, Walter, on the universality of slavery,171;on leisure being the great need of early societies,213;on equality of freemen in new countries,298;on “wholesale” and “retail” slavery,302;on the use of slavery,436.
Bastian, Professor A., on the relativity of all liberty,5;on “slaves of the chief”,30.
Bauernlegen,379,382note1.
Black Death,366.
Blending of types, furthered by slavery,437.
Bos, Dr. P. R., on slavery among the Tlinkits and similar tribes,174,216.
Brinton, D. G., on the influence of slavery on the blending of types,437.
Bücher, Professor K., on hunting,199;on trade among savages,210note3.
Burial of slaves,433.
Cairnes, J. E., on slave labour,198;on slaves and peasant proprietors299–301;on abundance of land as a requisite for the existence of slavery,303,304;on the cultivation of cotton and similar crops,395.
Cannibalism,8,428.
Capital, among the Eskimos,254;among pastoral tribes,268sqq.;among agricultural tribes,297;subsistence dependent on c.,255sqq.,268sqq.,297,383sqq.,418;c. wanting in a system of natural economy, according to Hildebrand,352,354.
Captives, treatment of,413,424,428,436;adoptedseeAdoption;repelled by their former countrymen,215,435.
Carey, H. C., on the relation of parent and child,26.
Carolingian period,374.
Cattle-breeding agriculturists,265,271,297.
Chamberlain, A. F., on child-life among savages,26note2.
Characteristics of slavery,5.
Chiefs, as slave-owners,30–32,434,440;their wants provided for by[468]their subjects,193;appropriation of land by c.,329.
Children, Australian parents fond of their,24;treatment of, among savages,26sqq.;adopted,29;ch. of slaves, and of free people and slaves, status of,428,433.
Civilized nations, XVI;influence of45,412sqq.
“Clear cases”,46.
Clearing of land amodus acquirendi,311,321,328.
Coercive power,259,286,407,425.
Coloni,36,382note3,383note1.
Colonies, labour in,298,306sqq.
Colonization, in medieval Germany,376,380.
CommerceseeTrade.
Commercial tribes, meaning of term,394;most often keep slaves,394,423;c. countries,354.
Commons,363,364,369,376,378,381.
Commutation,353sqq.,364,365,367,372,377,379.
Comparative method, XV, XVII.
Compulsion, personal and impersonal,421.
Compulsory labour,5,8,9,40, 348,419sqq.
Comte, Aug., on slavery and religion, XX.
Connubiumbetween free people and slaves,430,432.
Copyhold,366,367,372.
Credit economy,352.
Criticism of ethnographical literature, XVII sqq.,41sqq.
Croce, B., On Loria,306note1.
Cunningham, Professor W., on primitive agriculture,295note1;on Wakefield and his system of colonization,308note1;on the influence of commerce,394note1;on slaves brought from a distance fetching a higher price than others,414note1;on slave labour in ancient Tyre and Greece,440note1;on medieval England,349,351,363sqq;on natural economy and money economy,362.
Dargun, Dr. L.,on the development of economic life,175;on employment of women in primitive agriculture,178;on individual property among pastoral tribes,273note1;on tribal property in land,310;on land tenure among the Australians,346note7.
Darwin, Ch., on the condition of women among savages,23;on derivation of institutions,45note3;on the Fuegians,82note3.
Death-rate among slaves,437.
Debtor-slaves,39,344,429,439.
Dedication of slaves to gods,431.
Demesne,350.
Déniker, J., on the moral code of savages,433note2;on different kinds of slaves,433note4.
Depopulation, in Oceania,341;in England in the 14th century,366.
Derivation of institutions,45,214,216note7,411.
Dimitroff Dr. Z., on slavery among pastoral tribes,173.
Disafforesting controversy,363.
Division of labour, the function of slavery,7;between the sexes,22.
Domesday Book,363.
Domestic labour performed by slaves,217,281,388,438.
Early history of mankind, XV.
Economic states of society,174sqq.
Emancipation of slaves,430.
Enemies, hated but not despised,197.
Ethnographers, XVII,4.
Ethnographical literature, XVII sqq.
Ethnology, XV.
Evictions of the 15thand 16thcenturies, in England,369sqq.;in Germany,382.
Exchange of wives in Australia,14,20.
Expansion, a necessity of slave societies,304.
Experimentum crucis,227.
External causes,259,286, 407sqq.,417,425.
Extratribal slavery,194,424,428,433,437.
Familia rusticaandfamilia urbana388,389,433.[469]
Family, slaves regarded as belonging to the master’s,301,431.
Felix, Professor L., on slavery in the early stages of social life,174.
Female labour, in Australia,15;among hunters,199;amongSammler,202;on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,218sqq.;in Central N. America,242sqq.;among the Eskimos,252;among pastoral tribes,281;among hunting agriculturists,295;performed by men,200;performed by slaves,217,218,281,388,389;making slave labour superfluous,258,389sqq.
Ferrero, G., on the selective influence of slavery,437.
Fishing, on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,202;in Australia,229;in Central N. America,237;among the Eskimos,247;not so unfavourable to the growth of slavery as hunting,201,255.
Fishing agriculturists,296.
Fishing tribes, definition of term,202;generally have openresources,386.
Fixed habitations,205,229,237,247,255,259,286,407,425.
Flügel, Dr. O., on the absence of slavery among hunters,172;on the character of early slavery,302note2.
Fluidity of labour,355.
Forests in Germany,373,378,380.
Freizügigkeit, the true mark of freedom,350.
Geographical groups, XVII,46.
Government among the Australians,232sqq.
Grosse, Dr. E., on the Australians,84note3;on stages of agriculture,177;on the condition of women among “higher hunters”,222sqq.
Groups, living in small, unfavourable to the growth of slavery,194,255,259,425;size of g., among hunters,194;among the tribes of the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,205;in Australia,229;in Central N. America,237;among the Eskimos,247;among pastoral tribes,282;among agricultural tribes,407.
Grünberg, Dr.,on the universality of slavery,171.
Grupp, Dr. G., on money economy and serfdom,362note2.
Hahn, Dr. E., on agriculture,177.
Hildebrand, Professor B., on natural, money and credit economy,352sqq.;criticism of H.’s theory,354sqq.
Hildebrand, Dr. R., on employment of women in primitive agriculture,178note1;on landed property in primitive societies,310note1.
Hinterland,232.
Hoe culture,177,297.
Horticulture,177.
Hunter, good, highly respected,195.
Hunting, psychical character of,195;not fit to be performed by slaves,195sqq.;requires the utmost application,197.
Hunting agriculturists,177note4,228,294;male and female labour among,295;are often nomadic,295;why most of them do not keep slaves,295,406,407;they do not employ slaves in warfare,400.
Hunting tribes, definition of term,176;generally have open resources,386;hardly ever keep slaves,192,203.
Illustration, facts adduced by way of, XVIII.
Improvidence, of Australians,230;of Central N. American Indians,237sqq.
Inama-Sternegg, Professor K. Th. von, on natural economy and serfdom,362note2;on medieval Germany,348,358,359,362,373sqq.
Inclosures,364,370–372.
Inductive method, XVII.
Industry,178note2;on the N. Pacific Coast of N. America,207sqq.;in Australia,231,232;in Central N. America,239,240;among the Eskimos,248–250;among pastoral tribes,281;effects of,259.
Inferior races, neighbourhood of,288,414,425.[470]
Ingram, Professor J. K., XX;on the use of the terms “slave” and “slavery”,4;definition of slavery,6;on lower castes,33;on the character of serfdom,37;on slavery among hunting, pastoral and agricultural tribes,172;on employment of slaves in warfare by the Romans,401;onlibertiholding high offices,403note2;on the African slave-trade,410sqq.;on the moral effect of slavery,436.
Intercourse, between neighbouring tribes,214,260,289;with superior races,411,425.
Internal causes,417.
Intratribal slavery,194,428.
Isolated tribes,228.
Jägerbauern,seeHunting agriculturists.
Jews in the Middle Ages,197note1.
Jhering, Professor R. von, definition of slavery,6;on slavery in early Rome,302note2.
Kohler, Professor J., on the Marshall Islanders,104;on the Duallas,149note9;on slavery and commerce,395.
Labour, demand for,384,419;among pastoral tribes,273;in Oceania,342sqq.;among agricultural tribes,298sqq.
Labourers, free,34,256;among pastoral tribes,268sqq.;among cattle-breeding agriculturists,271;in Oceania,333sqq.;in medieval England,364,366–369,371;in medieval Germany,375,378,379sqq.;in ancient Rome,383note1;slaves preferred to f. l.,285;productive and unproductive l.,404–406;condition of l. in agricultural and in manufacturing countries,420;free l. only found in countries with money economy, according to Hildebrand,352sqq.
Lamprecht, Professor K., on slavery among pastoral tribes,173;on medieval Germany,376sqq.
Land, conquest and confiscation of, 329;freemen destitute of,311,321,323,328,331,375;l. and population, XVI,302sqq.,383,418;l. tenure in Polynesia,314sqq.;in Micronesia,321sqq.;in Melanesia,324sqq.;in Australia,346note7;in medieval England,362sqq.;in medieval Germany,373sqq.
Lange, F. A., on poverty and manufactures,361;on the transition from agriculture to sheep breeding in England,369note2;on open and closed countries,386;on the dependence of the working classes,421;on the moral effect of slavery,436note4.
Leading ideas, XIX.
Leibeigenen,34sqq.
Lending of wives in Australia,14,21.
Leroy-Beaulieu, P., on the luxury of early societies,404.
Letourneau, Ch., XIX;definition of slavery,6;on captives preserved for cannibal purposes,8;on slavery in early stages of social life,174;on woman’s position in Australia and among savages generally,9,10;on the character of serfdom,38;on the Tehuelches,81;on the Australians,84note3,85note5;on the Maori,97note1;on the Marquesas Islanders,101;on the Padam Abors,126note8;on the Turkomans,131;on the Tlinkits and neighbouring tribes,216note7.
Levirate in Australia,14,21.
Liberti, position of,431;in Rome,403.
Lippert, Dr. J., definition of slavery,6;on wives and slaves,25note1;on children and slaves,29note1;on slavery among pastoral tribes,173.
Literature on slavery, XV, XIX, XX.
Loria, A., on the productiveness of slave and free labour,299note3;on the appropriation of the soil and its social effects,304sqq.
Lower classes,33;in Oceania,333.
“Lowest type of man”,170.
Luxury, of early societies,404;slaves kept as a l.,284,403sqq.,425.[471]
Male labour, in Australia,21sqq.;among hunters,195,200;amongSammler,202;among pastoral tribes,273sqq.
Malthus, on the lowest races,170note3;on the economic structure of pastoral societies,273note3,282note4;on poverty and manufactures,361;on the causes of war386, note1;on the luxury of early societies,404note3.
Manufactured goods,232,255,397,423.
Manufactures and hunting as extremes,199;m. and poverty,361.
Marital rights among the Australians12sqq.,19sqq.
Marriage, among the Australians,11,17;of slaves and free people,430,431.
Marx, K., on land and population,307note1;on commutation and free tenancies,362note2.
Materialistic theory of history,171.
Matriarchal theory,26.
Meat, scarcity of, in medieval Germany,379.
Mental sciences, XV.
Merivale, H., on land and labour,308.
Merovingian period,373.
Metaphoric use of the term “slavery”,4,10.
Method, of ascertaining the existence or non-existence of slavery,41sqq.;of investigating the causes of slavery,169sqq.
Meyer, Dr. E., on the character of ancient slavery,6;on primitive slavery,25;on slavery in ancient Rome,383note1.
Militarism, effects of,259,282sqq.,398sqq.,424.
Mill, J. S., on slave labour and free labour,198.