AAddressesof Prince Consort on Exhibition of 1851,322.Agnew, Mr (now Sir William), sketch of,51;gives £10,100 for Gainsborough’s Duchess of Devonshire,52.AlfredClub, the ‘Dandies’ Club,5;named after Count Alfred D’Orsay,5.Almack’s, subscription balls at, at end of 18th century,196;modern suburban subscription balls, imitations of,197.Americanelements in modern London Society,435;countesses and duchesses,435;embassies and ministers—Washington Irving and Motley,435;Russell Lowell and Bayard,436;ladies, their education in Paris,436;restlessness a characteristic feature of,436.Anæsthetics, discovery of,395;Simpson’s use of, at Edinburgh,395;Morton and Robinson’s work in connection with, at New York,395.Appetitefor higher teaching, universality of,161.Aristocracyof birth and wealth, Sir R. Peel’s attitude towards,13.Arkwright, inventor of spinning jenny, founder of two county families,37.Army, traditional jealousy of, by House of Commons,297;a bequest from the Puritans,297;strength of, reduced by two-thirds immediately after Waterloo,297;personnelof, during Napoleonic Wars,298;social position of private soldier in,299;treatment of soldiers in, by Duke of Wellington,299;by Lords Wolseley and Roberts,299;flogging in, not abolished until 1860,301;as a profession, now self-supporting,305;except in guards and cavalry,305;retrenchment of pay in, impolitic,306;education of officers in, in 1837,307;in 1897,307;promotions from ranks of,310;average annual number of,310;remarks on,310.Art, improvement in, since Exhibition of 1851,349;promoted by rise of wealthy and cultivated classes,350;in the days of Sir Martin Archer Shee,351;of Sir Charles Eastlake,352;of Leighton and Millais,360.Artists, old social prejudice against,351;same as against doctors, singers and players,351;alleged reason for,352;foreign education of, in painters’ studios,353;English training at Royal Academy, Slade or other schools,353.AthenæumClub, doors of, opened to Macready and the Keans,211.Austin, Charles, his two fortunes made out of railway bills,35.Aveland, Lord, descended from a Lord Mayor of London,15.BBacon, Francis, Lord, fillip given to scientific study by,324.Barnes, editor of theTimes, ‘The most powerful man in the country,’380.Bath, Marquis of, descended from a Lord Mayor of London,14.Beaconsfield, Earl of,seeDisraeli.BedchamberPlot, account of,263.Bell, Andrew, founder of Bell’s scholarships at Cambridge,133;first promoter of a scheme for national education,133.BoardSchools, growth of,147;for elementary instruction,147;playgrounds and gymnasia at,147;for higher grade teaching,147;laboratories and workrooms at,147;improvements in private schools produced by,148.Boleyn, Anne, Queen of Henry VIII., descended from Sir Godfrey Boleyn, a Lord Mayor of London,14.Brassey, Thomas, railway contractor, sketch of,35;millionaire, before he built his last railway,35.Braybrooke, Lord, descended from Sir Thomas Gresham, Lord Mayor of London,14.BritishAssociation, steady success of,326;idea of, not of British origin,326;smallness of early meetings of, at Leipsic and Berlin,326;associated with names of Prince Consort and Lord Salisbury,327;appeal of Brewster, Herschel and Humphry Davy to Government on behalf of,327;objects of, described at meeting at York,328;meetings of, at Oxford 1831, Cambridge 1832, Edinburgh 1833,329;over 500,000 members of, at the present time,329.Britishand Foreign Bible Society,seeMissionary Societies.Brougham, Lord, his work in relation to popularizing science,325.Buckingham, Duke of, descended from Sir Thomas Gresham, Lord Mayor,14.Buildings, Municipal, great improvement in architecture of,43;and in that of warehouses and shops in towns,43;and in private houses of suburban London,43.CCabinetsystem, discovered by Sunderland, son-in-law of Marlborough,262;definite triumph of, in 1828,263.Carpenter, Doctor, exploration of the nervous system by,395.Chadwick, Edwin, his work as a sanitary reformer,389.Chartism, formerly an active force, now a name,252;most of the demands of, now matured into law,252;Duke of Wellington’s defence of London against,294.Chess, progress of study of,417;Prince Leopold as a player of,417;comparison of, with whist and billiards,417;stimulus given to game of, by ‘Phillidor,’417;and by Staunton, Paul Morphy and Blackburne,418;invention of gambits at,418;the Scotch gambit,418;Evans’s gambit,418;the Vienna or Queen’s Knights gambit,418;publication of problems on, byIllustrated London News,419;imitated by other papers,419.Churchof England, status of, in 1897,401;national regard for,401;parochial system of,401;benefactions to, during present era,402;reduced incomes of livings belonging to,402;notwithstanding work of Ecclesiastical Commission,402;and of Queen Anne’s bounty,402;readjustment of incomes of livings needed,402;dioceses of, abroad,403;clergy of, abroad,403;christianity of, a reconciler of rival creeds,403;tributes to world-wide efficacy of doctrines of,404.Clubs, beneficial effect of, for adults, in west end of London,117;established in east end by university settlements,117;as co-operative homes for poor gentlemen,410;increase of social,410;decrease of gambling clubs,410;working men’s, combined with gymnasia,119;popularity of, with wives of working men,120;mostly federated with Working Men’s Club and Institute Union,123;democratic sentiments of east end,129.Cole, Sir Henry, his work at South Kensington,322.Colonialemigration, in 1837 and 1897, compared,432.ColonialEmpire, area of, compared with area of England,427;compared with Persian and Roman Empires,428;and with Russia, Germany, France and America,428;progress of, as indicated by increase of populations,428;by advance in education,429;by institution of Colonial Parliaments,429.Colonialoffices, in Downing Street, completed in 1876,432.Colonialparty in House of Commons,434.Colonialpeerages,434.Colonialsecretary, Sir George Grey, first, in 1854,431;office of, previously held in conjunction with some other office,431.Colonialsecretaries, eminent, Duke of Newcastle in 1859,431;Lord Cardwell,431.Colonies, social development of, in the past,438;anticipations of, in the future,438.Colonists, London clubs devoted to, and their friends,434;Radicalism of,432;as displayed in Legislatures of New Zealand, New South Wales and Victoria,432.Commercialmiddle class, growth of,259;beginnings of, in the days of the Edwards,259;culminated with Cobden,259;not five Conservative members connected with, in 1835,260.Commons, House of, composition of, in 1707,252;number of members of, in 1707, compared with 1879,254;altered manners of members of,254;‘cockcrowings’ in debates of, on Church Rates,254;‘disorder’ in, during debates on Mr Gladstone’s second Irish Bill,254.Constituencies, right of appeal to,263;permission to appeal to, given to Sir R. Peel in 1841,263;alternative of immediate or postponed appeal to, placed before the Queen in 1868 by Disraeli,264.Contrastbetween condition of working classes now and twenty years ago,153.Convocation, revival of, in 1854,400;declaresEssays and Reviewsheretical,400;reflects, as a clerical parliament, views of church,400;work of, illustrated,400;possible use of, in event of disestablishment,401.CorporationAct, introduced by Lord John Russell in 1835,93;two millions of Englishmen affected by,93;abuses prior to passing of,94;London not included in operation of,95;reasons for excluding London from operation of,103.CorruptPractices at Elections Bill, 1883,260.Countrysquire, disappearance of, in country and in Parliament,259.CountyCouncils, election of councillors to,99;co-optation of aldermen from among councillors of,99;term of office in,100;presidents of, county magistrates,100;elections to, by ballot,100;expenses of elections to, defrayed out of county rate,100;jurisdiction of, how far co-ordinate with that of Quarter Sessions,100;does not extend to public house licensing,100;mixed committees of old and new magistracy,100;checks and limitations on borrowing powers of,101;controlled in different parts of England by different classes,102;judicial functions of magistrates unaffected by,105;peers as chairmen of,112;representatives of, on governing bodies of secondary schools,140.CountyCouncils Act, 1888, principle of, same as that of Corporation Act, 1835,92;number of administrative counties under,99;electoral divisions of counties under,99;electors,99;municipalities inside County Council area, dealt with by,99.Court, The, the federal head of Society.408;central idea of Prince Consort’s policy,408;illustrations of the working of the idea,409.Cox, David, his pictures,355;prices received by him for, in his lifetime,355;prices paid for pictures by, now,356.Cranborne, Viscount, title from Sir Christopher Gascoigne, Lord Mayor of London,15.Cricket, growth of, during Victorian era,414;increased power of the bat,415;pre-eminent position of W. G. Grace as a batsman,415;and of Richardson as a bowler,415.Crime, statistics of,366;close connection between ignorance and crime,367.CrystalPalace, magnificence of orchestra at,348;maintained continuously since 1854,348;concerts, influence and æsthetic value of,349.D‘DailyTelegraph’ started in 1856 by Colonel Sleigh,382.Dandies, the toilettes of,4.Darby, J. L., founder of sect of Plymouth Brethren,404;split among followers of,404.Darwin, Charles, publication by, ofOrigin of Species,326;epoch in science created by,326;doctrine of survival of the fittest enunciated by,330;anticipated in point of time by Dr Maillet,330;and foreshadowed by Erasmus Darwin and others,331;relations of Herbert Spencer and,331;apparent reaction against theories of, setting in,331.Death-rate, steady reduction in death-rate, due to progress of physical and surgical science,394;from 23 per million in 1855,394;to 21 per million in 1875,394;and 18 per million in 1895,394.De Lane, John T., editor of theTimes, sketch of,5;his influence and power,10;his personality kept in background,11;Disraeli’s remark, ‘I had better postpone giving my views of De Lane till he is dead,’380.Democracy, instinctive, of great English schools,174;modern, confirmed by Lodger Franchise in boroughs by Act of 1867,260;completed by extension to counties in 1884,260.Denbigh, Earl of, descended from a Lord Mayor of London,14.Devonshire, the Duke of, and Sunday crowds in Hyde Park,155.Dilke, C. W., proprietor ofAthenæumnewspaper,382;called in to editDaily Newsin 1849,382;reduces price of paper,382.DilkeCommission, presided over by Prince of Wales,389;power to destroy unhealthy dwellings, result of,389;a consequence of the enlarged idea of royal service,390.Disraeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield, sketch of,67;the Young England school of 1846,68;services rendered by the Young England movement,69;influence of theConingsby, of, on opening of parks,70;sends Lord Rowton to visit and report on Clerkenwell outrage,73;impressions made on Lord Rowton by visit,74.DistrictCouncils, establishment of,83;seats on, objects of ambition among a certain class,84;jurisdiction of, commensurate with that of rural sanitary authority,85;special business of,85;members of, guardians of the poor,85;female members of,85;chairmen of, become county magistrates,86;assessment, part of duty of,87.Dixie, Sir Wolston, Lord Mayor of London, ancestor of the peerages of Compton and Northampton,14.DonaldsonMuseum of Musical Instruments at South Kensington,341.Duelling, practice of, discussed,290;still in vogue in time of Sir Robert Peel,291;abolition of, attempted by Prince Consort,292;courts of honour suggested as substitutes for,292;amendment of articles of war, April 1844, the first real blow to,293.Duels, celebrated, between Canning and Castlereagh, 1809,292;Wellington and Winchilsea, 1829,292;Monro and Fawcett, 1843,292.EEast End, homes founded in the, by Oxford and Cambridge,75;St Margaret’s House in the,75;population of, tact required in dealing with,130;resentment of patronage by,130.Eastlake, Sir Charles, President of Royal Academy,350;proposes health of Prince Consort at Royal Academy dinner,350;reply of Prince Consort,351.Education, Act 1870, W. E. Foster’s,136;School Boards established by,136;compulsory only when voluntary efforts failed,136;Act 1880, Mundella’s,136;made compulsory under,136;made free by Act of 1891,137.EducationDepartment, first organisation of, in 1839,135;first vice-president of, appointed in 1856,135;not concerned with Secondary Education,162.Education, National, State responsibility for, ignored till 1833,133;Samuel Whitbread earliest promoter of,134;proposes foundation of National Schools for, in 1809,134;scheme of, brought forward by Lord Brougham, 1820,134;first grant towards, in 1833,133;Lord Melbourne’s attempt to include Roman Catholics in benefit of grant for, in 1839,134;Andrew Bell and Joseph Lancaster, first promoters of a general and practical scheme for, 1836,133;previously left to be dealt with by Church of England and other religious bodies,133.Education, Private, by reading and by lectures, compared,373.Eglinton, Earl of, pre-eminence of, in early Victorian era,3.Eliot, George, influence of Herbert Spencer on,334;and through her on language of literature,334.EndowedSchools Act, 1874, objects of,138;work accomplished by,139.EndowedSchools Commission, now merged in Charity Commission,162.EppingForest, Crown rights over, sold in 1842,17;declared a public pleasure ground, 1882,17.Eton, example of social evolution of Victorian era,169;not injuriously affected by the ‘new rich,’169;expenses of education at, not increased,170;lessons learnt at, which books cannot teach,171;Latin verses, things of the past at,171;honours at Oxford and Cambridge during last forty years,173;social discipline of, shared with Harrow,175;successes of, boys direct from school in Civil Service examinations,177;at Woolwich and Sandhurst,177;public opinion at, favourable to work at school,178;new workshops at, for use of school,178;study of natural science at,178;classics and mathematics not displaced at,178.Etonians, distinguished, of Victorian era,171-3;the 12th Earl of Derby, the most typical of,178.Evolution, the sociological feature of Victorian era,169.ExeterSchool, connection of, with Cambridge University extension system,192.Explorations, at Pompeii,331;and at Babylon and Nineveh,331;effects of, on Roman and Biblical histories,331.Exports, English, stationary during early part of century,17;rapid increase of, on discoveries of gold, 1848-55,23;value of, for the twenty-five years preceding repeal of the Corn-laws, 1885 millions,44;succeeding repeal, 3031 millions,44;for last twenty-five years, 1871-96, 6290 millions,44.FFalkner, J. Pascoe, founder of Melbourne, alive in 1866,25.Faraday, and the Prince of Wales,323;laboratory of, at Royal Institution,323.Farren, the, family a race of actors,215;Percival, at Haymarket Theatre,215;William,215.Faucit, Miss Helen, now Lady Martin,215;Shakesperian impersonations of,215;abiding influence exercised by, on the profession,215.Ferrier, Dr, his work in connection with the brain,395.Fines, in factories, disapproval of,154;lists of, compelled to be displayed in buildings,155.FiscalReforms, effects of, of Cobden, Bright and Peel,16.Fitzwilliam, Earl, descended from a Lord Mayor of London,14.Football, popularity of,416;a recent growth,416;feuds among players at,416;dangers of a referee at modern matches,416.Foreigners, resident in England, over 200,000,222;number of, doubled in twenty years,222;majority of, engaged in business,222;and nearly one-half of total number in London,222;European, about 170,000,224;American, about 26,000,224;remainder Asiatics or Africans,224;