proportion of males to females among,224;distribution and employments of,226;pauperism amongst,226;small proportion of, employed as clerks,227;opinions of, on changes in appearance of English people in twenty years,152.Foreignintelligence, no longer dependent on telegrams,386;vast machinery and expenditure for supply of,386.France, industry in, effects of revolution on,21;all classes in, involved in common ruin, as a consequence of revolution,21.FreeLibraries, establishment of,362;popularity of,363;sketches of working-men students at,364;origin and gradual growth of,365;the Chetham Library,365;the Guildhall Library,365;the Manchester Library,365;the Ewart Act, and its relation to,365;growth of metropolitan free libraries,366;examination of books most in demand at the,368.Fusionof classes, product of Victorian era,114;and keynote of our epoch,201;a process of levelling up, not down,201.GGallows, in public highways until Lord Grey’s Reform Act,40.Gambling, committee on, in 1844,410;number of, hells in 1841,411;‘Crockfords’ as a, club,411;‘play and pay,’ abolished412.Gladstone, W. E., and Sir Robert Peel, comparative popularity of,10;scheme of, for converting consols in 1853,22.Gold, importation of, from Russian mines, 1837-47,16;discovery of, in California, 1848,17;in Ballarat, 1850,17;gloomy predictions of Chevalier and Cobden as to consequences of discoveries of,18;views of Sir Roderick Murchison as to same,18;‘Nature’s Currency Restriction Act,’18;of Sir Archibald Alison as to same,19;‘Nature’s Currency Extension Act,’19;output of Mexican and Peruvian mines in fifteenth century, £800,000,19;Australian diggings in 1850-1, £18,000,000,19;fallacious arguments, as to effect of, based on ‘grain test,’19;demonetization of, in Holland,20;advantages of supply of, recognized by Prince Consort,20;influx of, into Bank of England,22;decrease of bank rate,22;conversion of £3 per cent. consols,22;interest on Exchequer Bills, 1½ per cent. per annum,22;Australian cities built by,24.Goldfields, emigration to, in 1852, 369,000,21;average for five years succeeding discovery of, 250,000 per annum,21;maximum emigration to, in any one year, 500,000,21;costs of living at,22;rise of wages here, consequent on rush to,23;scarcity of agricultural labour in country,23;reduced to 100,000 per annum before 1859,25.GoldwinSmith, his fear of result of popularly elected Parliaments,261.Golf, revival of, as an English game,414.Gooch, Sir Daniel, chairman of Great Western Railway,37;his fortune not made in railways,37.Grammarschools, wasteful geographical distribution of,141;well endowed, with insufficient scholars,141;cases of, Chudleigh, Ashburton, Totnes and Bovey Tracey in Devon,141;Walsingham, Norwich, Ipswich and Bury Saint Edmunds in East Anglia,142;Ossett and other schools in the north,142;suggestions for utilizing decayed,143;instances of beneficial modifications of established,143;Bath College, excellent work done by,143;amalgamation of Somerset College and Sydney Grammar School,143;Charterhouse, successfully removed from London to Godalming,144;Archbishop Holgate’s, removed from Hewsworth to Barnsley,144;policy of maintaining the old, as machinery for Secondary Education,144.Grantsfor educational purposes, growth of,135;first grant in 1833 of £20,000,134;in 1857, amounted to £451,000,135;in 1860, exceeded £1,000,000,135;in 1870, were £1,125,000,136.Gresham, Sir Thomas, first of the Great Loan negotiators,64.Groups, government by, as in France,240;as distinguished from government by party,240;cycle of, a possibility in store for England,273.Grove, Sir George, discovery of lost scores of Schubert,347;dictionary of music by,347.Grove, Sir William, discoveries with regard to correlation of physical forces,325.GuildhallSchool of Music, founded in 1880,341;3496 pupils at, at Christmas 1896,341.HHallé, Charles, born in Westphalia, 1819,345;Beethoven’s music popularized in England by,346.Hamley, Sir Edward, sketch of,308;his work on theOperations of War,309.Handel, genius of,344;recognized by George I. when Elector of Hanover,344;hisTe Deumperformed at St Paul’s in Queen Anne’s reign,344;Messiahproduced at Dublin in 1741,344.Helpless, the, legislative help for, distinctive of Victorian era,388;initiated by Prince Consort,388.HenryVIII., privileges of people as enjoyed under Plantagenets, contracted under,93;and under Elizabeth,93;practically ceased to exist under the Stuarts,93.Henty, joint-founder of Melbourne, alive 1882,25.Hercomer, Professor, receives pupils into his studio,353.HigherGrade Elementary Schools, in effect secondary schools,148;sixty, under control of English School Boards,149;thirty-nine of the, organized as science schools,149;4606 boys and 2023 girls, students at,149.HigherGrade Schools Examination Board,147.Hospitals, Prince of Wales’s fund for relief of, from debt,390;transformation in, during Victorian era,391;in character of medical students at,392;in management and organization of,392;revenues of, modern and ancient compared,392;St Bartholomew’s in 1650 and in 1890,392;special and general,392;number of, in London,392;game, flowers and other presents for, the fashion and rule,393.Hounds, packs of, number of, in England in 1837,413;number of, in England in 1897,413;subscribers to and supporters of, in 1897,414.Houseof Lords, debates such as formerly took place in House of Commons now confined almost exclusively to,258;composition of, similar to composition of old House of Commons,258;really a representative body,264;socially indistinguishable from Commoners in many ways,265;Peers in, created for political and social distinction,266;Peerages in, conferred on Lord Carrington, Macaulay, and Tennyson,265;later on, on Lord Armstrong, on widow of W. H. Smith and on Lord Glenesk,265.Hudson, George, the railway king,6;his gorgeous chariot,6;his personal appearance,6;his house at Albert Gate,6;entertains royalty,7;his fall,7,30;hotel life at Calais,7;compared with Beau Brummell,7;born at York, son of a linen draper,15;drives train conveying Queen and Prince Consort to Cambridge,29;member for Sunderland,30.Huxley, Professor, and spontaneous generation,330;his observations anticipated by Schwann,330.HydePark, the social parade ground of the kingdom,1;originally a royal pleasure ground,2;visitors to, in different decades compared,3;bicycles admitted into,7;early water drinkers in,9;succeeded by early riders in,9;condition of, between 1840 and 1860,7.IImports, value of, during last twenty-five years, nearly 10,000 millions.Income-Tax, gradual increase of,25;extended to Ireland, 1855,25.Incomes, assessment of, in 1855, 308 millions;1875, 571 millions;1882, 612 millions.Indestructibilityof matter, ascertained chemically in eighteenth century,325.Industries, no increase in staple, during recent years,236;decrease in agricultural,236;new, constantly arising,236.IntermediateEducation Act,149.Ionianphysicists, anticipation of modern discoveries by,325.IrishFamine, compared with that at Orissa,231;remarks on, in connection with Malthusian doctrine,232.Irving, Sir Henry, sketch of,217.Islingtonin 1840, still a country suburb,40.JJacobOmnium, nickname of Thackeray’s friend, Big Higgins,6.Jersey, Lady, popularity of, in early Victorian period,10.Jews, sufferings of, in England, under Henry III.,54;levies on, Westminster Abbey completed by, in reigns of Richard III. and Henry VII.,54;only twelve families of, in England, in 1633,54;re-establishment of, in England by Cromwell and Charles II.,54;the Rodrigues and Goldsmids the heads of the, in time of George III.,55;the Rothschilds originally Frankfort,55;no magistrates or sheriffs before 1837,60;Lord Campbell’s bill for removing this disability of,60.Joachim, Herr, popularity of, in England,346;director of Royal Academy of Music, Berlin,346;Doctor of Music of Cambridge,346;portrait of, by George Eliot,346.Jowett, Benjamin, personal efforts of, to extend first-class education,156;favoured scheme of unattached students at Oxford,183;lecture-rooms at Balliol opened to non-collegiate students by,183.KKean, Charles, actor, 1820-68, son of Edmund,210;educated at Eton,210;social position of,211.Kean, Edmund, Byron’s eulogy of,210.Kemble, frigid classicism of,210.Kinglake, A. W., historian of Crimean War,11;last survivor of early Hyde Park equestrians,11.LLadiesCollege, Cheltenham, work of, in East End,122.Ladiesof the Court,280;Mistress of the Robes,280;Ladies of the Bedchamber,280;Women of the Bedchamber,280;Maids of Honour,280;functions of the several,281.Landseer, Sir Edwin, elected R.A., 1830,352;social position of, exceptional,352.Lansdowne, Marquess of, pre-eminence of, in early Victorian days,4.Law, administration of, in Colonies,426;Roman Dutch Law in Ceylon, Guiana, and at the Cape,426;French forms of, still retained in Canada,426;Code Civile continued in Mauritius,426.LawCourts, effect of, on Fleet Street and the Strand,422;commemorate the unity of the Empire as well as the unity of administration of justice,426.Lawreform, small results of, so long as two legal systems at work in Westminster Hall,423;abolition of monopoly of serjeants-at-law, a step in,423;permission to take evidence of persons interested in suit, a further important step in,423;appointment of commission to enquire into,423;Judicature Act, 1873, result of commission of 1869,424;fusion of law and equity by Judicature Act,424;principle of, laid down, that where equity and law conflict equitable doctrines shall prevail,424;room for, in connection with the circuit system,425;benefits of, to general public, summary of,425.Lawntennis, subscription clubs for,196;part of revolt of sons and daughters of middle class,196.LegionMemorial, The, probably drawn up by Defoe,274;low-water mark of Parliamentary popularity,275.Legislation, modern, salutary effect of,140;on governors and teachers as well as on the taught,140.Lister, Lord, his discovery of the antiseptic treatment,395.LiteraryLeaders, of Victorian era,373;Dickens and Thackeray as, compared,373;Lord Lytton, Lord Stanhope and Monkton Milnes as patrons of,374.Literatureand art, encouraged by Crown from Henry VIII. until Queen Anne,282;neglected by the Hanoverian Kings,282;revived encouragement of, by Queen Victoria,282;influence of Prince Consort in revival,282.LocalCouncils of Education, proposal to establish,164;functions of proposed,164;suggested composition of,164;suggested machinery for carrying out,165.LocalGovernment Act, 1888, educational functions of County Council under,140.LocalGovernment Board, establishment of, 1871,389.LocalImprovement Acts, number of, prior to 1840,389.London, the pleasure ground of the world,217;the influence of Americans in making,435;the true mirror of England,435.LondonCity Mission, opinions of missioners of, on East-end progress,126.London, Corporation of, always a popularly elected body,103;commission of 1853 for inquiring into affairs of,104;judicial functions of Lord Mayor and Aldermen preserved to,106;powers of an ordinary Borough Council retained by,106;an example to provincial townships,106;intense feeling of corporate life in,106;impression made by, on foreigners,107;relations of, to London County Council,107;four representatives of, on County Council, chosen by ratepayers,108;charities and hospitalities of,108;relation of Commissioners of Sewers to,109.LondonCounty Council, differs from other County Councils,103;judicial functions of officers of corporation left untouched by,106;eminent men who have been chairmen of,112.LondonLibrary, The, foundation and objects of370;first started in Pall Mall,371;its usefulness and growth,371;difference between, and Mudie’s Library,371.Longfellow, far-reaching influence of, as a poet,379.Lord-Mayors of London, number of noble houses founded by,14;attributes of, in minds of foreigners,110;not merely head officers of a great city,110;territorial estates, schools and other foundations controlled by the,110.Lord-Mayor’s day, traditional entertainment of ministers on,14;improvement in demeanour of mob on,140;characteristic of improvement in the masses,140.Lowe, Robert, afterwards Lord Sherbrooke, early educational reformer,135;introduces principle of payment by results,135;advice of, to educate our masters, followed,151;his sojourn in New South Wales,434.Lyell, Sir Charles, his work in relation to geology,332;influence of thePrinciples of Geology,332.Lytton, Bulwer, afterwards Lord Lytton,327;fifteen years in office as a public servant before being raised to the peerage,327.MMacaulay, T. B., afterwards Lord, fifteen years in office as a public servant before raised to peerage,327.Macready, actor, 1827, 51, born 1793, died 1873,209;favourite with clergy, whom he taught elocution,210;social acceptance of, in London,211.Magistrates, 1000 elective, since District Councils instituted,86;instances of working men as,86;and agricultural labourers as,86;and an ex-policeman as,86;effect upon rural mind of elective element among the,90;powers of borough, since Corporation Act of 1835,95;specially qualified county, elected to County Councils,98.Makingup parties, modern fashion of, for theatres,197;for dinners or suppers at restaurants, before or after theatres,197.Mallock, W. H., statistics relating to ‘Classes’ and ‘Masses,’32;contribution of railways to prosperity of both,34.Malthus, Doctor, doctrines of Malthus, considered generally,228;increase of population during Victorian era considered in connection with,231.Mandates, popular, at elections, modern doctrine of,272.Medicaldiscoveries, English, of Victorian era, large proportion of to whole,396;treatment of myxœdemia by Sir William Gull, one of the latest,396.Medicaleducation, scheme of in England, perfected in 1860,396;relation of College of Physicians to,396.Membersof Parliament, ‘English politics to the English youth,’246;average age of, in 1837, over fifty years,246;in 1897, under forty years,246.Mendelssohn, Felix, born at Hamburg,344;his precocious genius,345;his influence in England,345;patron of John Parry,345.Metropolitan‘Board of Works,’ established 1855,105;product of Metropolitan Local Management Act, 1855,105;unity of administration for the parishes of London by,105.Middleclass, modern English, restlessness of,194;result of rapid locomotion and cheap press,194;influx of continental ideas among the,194;relaxation of orthodoxy of,197;all sections of, enfranchised by Reform Bill of 1832,239.Millionaires, Victorian, and their trades,24;sheep farmers of Australia,24;Brassey, the railway contractor,35;Jones Lloyd, a banker,42;Hope, a merchant,42;Bass and Guinness, brewers,42;Maple, retail tradesman,42.Militaryeducation, establishment of council of,304;formation of Aldershot camp for,304.Militaryresources of country,296;comparison of, in 1837 with those of 1897,296;incapacity of, to place 10,000 men in field in 1846,303;inadequacy of reserves of guns and stores,303.Militia, practical non-existence of, at Queen’s accession,302;last ballot for, in 1831,302;strength of in 1895,302.Minerals, £29,000,000 worth of, recovered in 1855,32;£80,000,000 worth of, recovered in 1895,32.Miningand steam industries compared,32;results of,32.Missionarysocieties, activity of, during Victorian era,405;British and Foreign Bible Society, income of, doubled,405;Society for Propagation of Gospel, income of, doubled,405;Church Missionary Society, income of, trebled,405.Mixedmetaphors, modern, instances of,372;signs of the overlapping of literature by science and art,372.Molesworth, Sir William, pioneer of colonial self-government,433;Colonial Secretary, in 1853,433.Mudie’sSelect Library, founded in 1842,369;far-reaching usefulness of,369.Music, revolution in, and in taste for, during Queen’s reign,337;the lady teacher of, in 1837,337;and in 1897,338;