55.The verbto misshas two translations. Meaningto feel the absence ofit is renderedechar de menos; meaningto note the absence ofit isnotar la falta de.To be missingis translatedfaltar.
Come! Go at once. Don't let them miss you.
¡Ea! ¡Vaya pronto! Que no le echen a Vd. de menos.
—ECHEGARAY.
When did you miss the things that your servant stole?
¿Cuándo ha notado usted la falta de las cosas que le robó su criado?
If I were missing, it is possible that the King might suspect.
Si yo faltara, es posible que el Rey sospechara.
—NUÑEZDEARCE.
One single boat was missing and that was not to come.
Faltaba una sola lancha y ésta no había de llegar.
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
56.In English, emphasis is usually expressed by additional stress on the word to be emphasized. In Spanish this is not so common, emphasis being more generally expressed by the use of some emphatic word with the word to be emphasized. Such words are¡vaya!,¡toma!,¡mira!,sí, sí.
Let money talk, I said. And it did talk.
Hable el dinero, dije. ¡Y toma si habló!
—MARIANOJOSÉDELARRA.
Nobody knows it, nobody! But I know it.
Nadie lo sabe, nadie. Pero yo sí lo sé.—MARTÍNEZSIERRA.
What an ovation she received!
¡Vaya si ha recibido una ovación!—LOSQUINTERO.
Do you remember? Do I remember!
¿Se acuerda usted? ¡(Vaya) si me acuerdo!
—LOSQUINTERO.
You are good! You are an angel!
¡Tú sí que eres buena! ¡Tú sí que eres un ángel!
—TOMAYO Y BAUS.
Emphasis in a negative sentence may be expressed by repeating the negativenoat the end of the sentence or by using the phraseeso noat the end.
She hasn't stolen anything from me.
No me ha robado nada, eso no.—LOSQUINTERO.
The journey didn't tire me.
El viaje no me cansó, eso no.
I will not let him go, I tell you.
No le dejaré ir, te digo, que no.
(a) Personal pronouns in the nominative case are usually omitted. When emphasized, they must be expressed.
I'll help you if I have time.
Te ayudaré si tengo el tiempo.
I would help you if I had time.
Yo te ayudaría si tuviera el tiempo.
In the objective case these pronouns are emphasized by adding the disjunctive, or prepositional, form of the pronoun to the sentence.
You may say all you want to to me, but don't insult him.
A mí puede Vd. decirme cuanto quiera, pero no le ofenda a él.
—PÉREZGALDÓS.
(b) To assert emphatic belief in a statement the expressions¡ya lo creo!,¡cómo no!,sí, por cierto, are used. Equivalent expressions in the negative form are¡de ningún modó!,¡no, por cierto!
He's coming at once, isn't he? Yes, indeed(certainly;why, of course).
Viene en seguida, ¿no? ¡Ya lo creo!—ECHEGARAY.
He's coming with us, isn't he? No, indeed.
Va a acompañarnos a nosotros, ¿no? No, por cierto.
57.EXERCISES
(a) 1.Iwon't do that. 2.Whata pretty flower! 3. Youwon'tdo that! 4. Thatisgood. 5. Will hecome? I should say so! 6. Shall I give it toyou? 7. No, give it tothem. 8. He hasn't missed the money yet. 9. I miss all the good friends who used to live near me. 10. I don't knowhim, but Idoknow his brother. 11. Is that door open? I don't know, but Idoknow that I am cold. 12. My, but this lesson is hard! 13. Do you want it now? Certainly. 14.There'sa pretty house! 15. They say they miss us at home. 16. I miss three of my books (say, three of my books are missing to me). 17. Do you want to go withher? I certainly do. 18. Ishallmissyou, butnotthe others. 19. There is something missing here andyouknow what it is. 20. I donotknow.
58.REVIEW EXERCISES
(a) 1.Let'sprepare for the worst. 2.Let's go.We mustn'tletour presence here excite suspicion. 3.Come now!you ought to have more sense. 4. The man of whom we were speaking is herenow. 5.All right.But I can't see himjust now. 6.Come, come!Leaveme in peace. 7.Look atthe fire!Nowit seems that it is dying out (morirse),nowit flames up (alzar) again. 8. You ought toknow nowthat they were deceiving you. 9. Water the flower bedsfirst of all. 10. I paid my creditors and now I canleavethe house without fear.
(b) 1.How longhave youfeltill? 2.ShallI take this away? No,leaveit.I'lleat it. 3. Heshalleat nothing. Iwillsee to that. 4. Has he hurt himself?Not at all.5. Heshallnotleavethe house if hewillnot tell me what he has done. 6. On the table wereleftonly the knives, forks, and spoons. 7. Provided their strength does notgive out, they will continue their journey to-day. 8.Thinkwell before you speak. 9. She hasmade up her mindtokeepyou in this afternoon. 10. Do youthinkthis lesson is hard?
Note.—In the exercises above the italics indicate words which require especial care in translating. In Exercise C the italics indicate emphasis.
(c) 1. Theydon'tmiss him, but theydomiss her. 2. Theelectriclight has gone out, but the lamp hasn't. 3. Do I think of them? Indeed Idothink of them! 4. He has never written such a letter tome. 5. Ifeelill, but I shall not call the doctor. 6.That'snot what I was talking about. 7. Iwon'tdo it forhim! 8. Why, they are going to leave ithere! 9. Idon'twant to go! 10. Hewon'tmake haste.
59.Englishtimehas various translations. Meaningtime of dayit ishora.
When it came time to go to bed he went toward the room.
Cuando llegó la hora de acostarse fué hacia el cuarto.
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
At this time of dayandat this time of nightare translateda estas horas.
I wonder where Elise is going at this time of night?
¿Adónde irá Elisa a estas horas?—PALACIOVALDÉS.
(a) Denoting onetimeof a series,timeis alwaysvez.
Every time it rains the sky sows diamonds.
Cada vez que llueve el cielo siembra diamantes.—CAMPOAMOR.
(b) Denoting aperiodof time orlengthof time the word is translatedtiempo.
This church has been here since the most remote times.
Esta iglesia se halla aquí desde los tiempos más remotos.
In this house I lose the idea of time.
En esta casa pierdo la noción del tiempo.—ECHEGARAY.
60.Timeoccurs also in many idiomatic adverbial phrases. The commonest of these arefrom time to time,de vez encuando,de cuando en cuando;from this time on,de hoy en adelante,de aquí en adelante;from that time on,de ahí en adelante;time after time,time and time again,una que otra vez.
He agreed to return from time to time.
Se quedó en volver de cuando en cuando.
—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
From time to time he stopped for a few minutes.
De vez en cuando se detenía algunos instantes.
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
Note.—De cuando en cuandoandde vez en cuandotranslate also the English adverbial idiomsevery now and thenorevery once in a while.
61.The verbto likemeaningto be fond of(persons) is generally translatedquerer, but sometimesgustaris used.To like(things) isgustar.
We don't like our new neighbors very well.
No queremos mucho a nuestros nuevos vecinos.
I don't like this house as well as I did the other.
No me gusta esta casa tanto como me gustó la otra.
He will like these. Let's see if there are any more here.
Estos le gustarán. A ver si hay más por aquí.
—RAMOSCARRIÓN.
Note.—Though the verbgustarmay be used in the regular way with a personal subject, it is more commonly used as in these examples, thethingbeing considered as the subject and the person as the indirect object. Cf. 51, note.
(a)Likeused as a preposition of manner is translatedcomoorcual.
The girl is charming, like her mother.
La niña es, cual su madre, encantadora.—CAMPOAMOR.
This boy sings like a bird.
Este muchacho canta como un pájaro.
(b)To feel likein the sense ofto want,desire, is translatedtener ganas dewith the infinitive.
I don't feel like going to-day.
No tengo ganas de ir hoy.
(c)In questionswhat's ... likeis translated¿qué tal ...?
What's the new professor like?
¿Qué tal el nuevo profesor?
Look at me.—I'm looking.—Well, what do I look like to you?
Mírame.—Te miro.—Bueno, ¿qué tal te parezco?
—TOMAYO Y BAUS.
62.EXERCISES
(a) 1. ¿Cuáles le gustan más, éstos o aquéllos? 2. Hay tiempo para todo. 3. Unas veces le trata usted bien y otras veces mal. 4. Hace tiempo que noto eso. 5. De aquí en adelante necesitaremos más tiempo. 6. De vez en cuando me habló. 7. Una que otra vez bajaban al manantial. 8. Ya es hora de irnos, si no queremos llegar con retraso. 9. No me gusta escribir con plumatintero. 10. Quiere mucho a todos sus maestros. 11. ¿Qué tal el tiempo en aquella región? A mí no me gusta un clima frío.
(b) 1. I don't like this song, I'm not going to learn it. 2. This time I'm sure you will like what I have brought you. 3. At that time there was only one school in the town. 4. I get letters from them from time to time. 5. I asked him what the new play was like and he said it was very interesting. 6. She had on a big hat that was like a bee-hive. 7. Every time I see him he talks like that (in that way). 8. The river encircles the city like a silver chain. 9. What time does the train arrive? Isn't it time to go to the station? 10. Well,Idon't like your new dress. It looks like (parecer) an old lady's dress.
63.Veryas an adverb ismuy. As an adjective it ismismo,-a. When it stands alone it ismucho.Very muchis alwaysmuchoormuchísimo.
He was a very intelligent man, fortunate in his mining business.
Era hombre muy inteligente, afortunado en su comercio de minas.—PÉREZ GALDÓS.
This very afternoon I will go to his house.
Esta misma tarde iré a su casa.—LOSQUINTERO.
"I shall be very glad," she said with a smile.
Me alegraré mucho,—dijo con una sonrisa.—JUANVALERA.
It would be very much better to leave it for the present.
Sería muchísimo mejor dejarlo por lo pronto.
(a) Emphaticveryis often translated by the suffixes-ísimoand-ito.
There did not appear to be any internal injury, but he did have a very high fever.
Lesión interior no parecía que hubiese, pero sí tenía fievre altísima.
—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
She fell ill, very,VERYill. The doctor said she was going to die.
Se puso mala, muy malita. El médico dijo que iba a morir.
—MARTÍNEZSIERRA.
64.The verbto playis translatedjugar awhen it meansto play gamesortake a part in a drama.To play instrumentsis renderedtocar.
The children were playing in the street. They were playing ball.
Los niños jugaban en la calle. Jugaban a la pelota.
And the woman, what part doesSHEplay in all this?
Y la mujer, ¿qué papel juega ella en todo ello?
—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
Go and play the piano so that these gentlemen may hear you.
Vete a tocar el píano para que estos señores te oigan.
—PÉREZGALDÓS.
65.The verbto needis rendered eithernecesitar,hacer falta, orfaltar.
What this boy needs is the pure air of the country.
Lo que le hace falta a ese muchacho es el aire puro del campo.—RAMOS CARRIÓN.
I do not need to inform you that first I asked for the other one.
No necesito advertirle a Vd. que primero pedí la otra.
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
The tea isn't needed now. You may take it away.
Ya no hace falta el té. Puede Ud. llevárselo.
—RAMOSCARRIÓN.
Less than this was necessary to satisfy the hearers.
Menos de eso se necesitaba para satisfacer los oyentes.
—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
Note the order in the first example and compare with Sections 51, note, and 60.
66.EXERCISES
(a) 1. A él no le hace falta (no le falta) mucho, pero a mí me hacen falta (me faltan) muchas cosas. 2. Necesito un hombreque cuide de los caballos. 3. Su casa es muchísimo más grande que la nuestra. 4. ¿Quién ha jugado (orhecho) el papel de Shylock en la representación de anoche? 5. Tan cansaditos estaban que se acostaron en cuanto llegaron. 6. Llévatelo, que a mí no me hace ninguna falta. 7. Los ví esta misma mañana. Parecían contentísimos. 8. En la casa siempre hay que hablar quedito porque siempre hay alguien que está durmiendo. 9. Tomó en la suya la manecita. La temperatura estaba altísima. 10. Lo primero que hace falta para querer es el corazón.
(b) 1. You do not need to tell me that. I know it already. 2. I heard somebody playing the violin. 3. That is the very book I need. Will you lend it to me? 4. She needs a nurse to take care of the children. 5. (Be) very, very quiet! Mother's asleep. 6. Idolike that penknife, but I don't need one. 7. The street is very long and very, very narrow. 8. The little girls areverypretty. My little daughter likes to play with them. 9. The last time they were here they gave me many things that I needed. 10. Are they satisfied with (de) what you have sent them? Oh, yes, very.
67.The verbto pleasemeaningto give pleasure tois renderedagradar a; meaningto satisfyit is translatedcontentar; meaningto want to,be willing toit is usually renderedquerer, though it may be translated as in (a).
It pleased him very much to hear that we had arrived safe and sound.
Le agradó muchísimo saber que habíamos llegado salvo y sano.
Do what I may I never manage to please her.
Haga lo que hiciere nunca logro contentarla.
Ask him if he will please come and help me.
Pregúntele si quiere venir a ayudarme.
(a)Pleaseused in the imperative is translated by one of the following expressions:haga el favor de,tenga la bondad de;sírvase. Of these the first two are considered the more formally courteous. All are followed by the infinitive.
Please be quiet.
Hágame el favor de callar.—PALACIOVALDÉS.
Waiter, please open the window.
Mozo, sírvase abrir la ventana.
Note.—In curter familiar speech, the wordfavoralone may be used.
Please answer at once.
Favor de contestar en seguida.
68.The verbto mean, signifyingto intend, is renderedtener la intención deorproponerse.
He means to finish the work without any one's helping him.
Se propone(tiene la intención de)acabar el trabajo sin que nadie le ayude.
(a) In the sense ofto wish to say,meanis translatedquerer decir.
What does this word mean?
¿Qué quiere decir esta palabra?
WhenI meanintroduces a qualifying phrase, it is often rendereddigo,I say.
They call her little Pilar. I wish they'd call me little Pilar—I mean, little Antonio.
La llaman Pilarcita. ¡Si me llamasen a mí Pilarcita—digo, Antoñito!
—ECHEGARAY.
(b)Not to mean to do somethingis generally rendered byhacer algo sin querer.
I'm sorry I broke the window. I didn't mean to.
Yo siento haber quebrado el vidriero. Lo he hecho sin querer.
(c)To meanin the sense ofto dareis renderedatreverse.
What do you mean by talking to me in that way?
¿Cómo se atreve Vd. hablarme de esta manera?
69.Withoutis translatedsin, except when it introduces a verbal noun in-ing, modified by a possessive. In this case,withoutis rendered by the conjunctionsin que, the English verbal noun becomes in Spanish a verb in the subjunctive mode and its possessive modifier becomes the subject of the clause.
He went away without looking at her and without her looking at him.
Se marchó sin mirarla y sin que ella le mirara a él.
—BLASCOIBÁÑEZ.
I won't go without saying good-by to you.
No iré sin decirte adios.—PÉREZGALDÓS.
70.EXERCISES
(a) 1. Dígales que hagan el favor de pasar a la sala. 2. ¿Quiere Vd. hacerme el favor de plancharme este traje? 3. Sírvase Vd. decir al señor que yo le espero en mi despacho. 4. La representación nos ha agradado muchísimo. 5. ¡Vaya un tonto! ¿Tendrá la intención de quedar aquí? 6. Sabe tocar el violin, digo, el piano. 7. ¡Este sí que la contentará! 8. No debes llorar sin que yo sepa porqué lloras. 9. Mientras llueve no salimos sin paraguas. 10. No salgas sin que yo te dé permiso.
(b) 1. Please tell him that I'm waiting for him. 2. Do you think this will please him? 3. Don't go without me, please. 4. What do you mean by eating all the candy! 5. It will be impossible for us to go without their seeing us. 6. They have three daughters, I mean, two daughters and one son. 7. Please come as soon as you can if you can come without bringing the others. 8. I didn't mean to do that; please forgive me. 9. He means that if you mean to do that without your father's knowing it you will have to hurry. 10. He wrote without thinking that it was impossible for him to write without my knowing it.
71.The wordonlyis both adjective and adverb. As an adjective it is in Spanishúnico. (Cf. Englishunique.)
You are the only person in whom I can confide.
Tu eres la única persona a quien puedo confiar.
—RAMOSCARRIÓN.
(a)The only thing(fact) is renderedlo único.
The only thing she knew was that he had taken that train.
Lo único que sabía era que había tomado aquel tren.
—BLASCOIBÁÑEZ.
(b) As an adverbonlyis renderedsólo,solamente, or, modifying expressions of quantity,no más ... que(debefore numbers). For the order of the phrase in the sentence, see the examples.
If I only had what my father gave me, I shouldn't have enough to pay the baker.
Si sólo tuviera lo que me da el padre, no tendría para pagar al panadero.
—BLASCOIBÁÑEZ.
They saw only soldiers on the platforms.
Veían sólo soldados en los andenes.—BLASCOIBÁÑEZ.
I have only three.(I have but three. I have just three.)
Tengo solo tres.(Tengo tres solamente. Tengo tres, nada más. No tengo más de tres.)
(c)If only, expressing a wish contrary to fact, is renderedojaláwith imperfect or pluperfect subjunctive.
If only he were here.
¡Ojalá que estuviera aquí!
72.Solowithout the accent meansalone, orsingle.
The other compartment was occupied by a single man.
El otro compartamento estaba ocupado por un hombre solo.
—BLASCOIBÁÑEZ.
Bernard loves me alone and I love only him.
Bernardo me quiere a mí sola y yo quiero sólo a él.
—ECHEGARAY.
(a)Alone(with) is often rendereda solas(con).
Alone, I weep much and am fearfully sorry for myself.
A solás lloro mucho y tengo compasión atroz de mí mismo.
—ECHEGARAY.
We left him alone with his conscience.
Le dejamos a solas con su conciencia.—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
73.The verbto hearisoírwhen actual hearing is meant. Sometimessentiris used in the same sense.
I put my ear to the lock and heard voices and laughter.
Pegué el oído a la cerradura y oí voces y risas.
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
Scarcely did she hear the noise and see us, when she got up.
No bien sintió el ruido y nos vió, se levantó.—JUANVALERA.
(a)Whento hearhas the force ofto find out,learn, it is renderedsaber.
You have heard from my father how much these orchards please me.
Ha sabido por mi padre lo mucho que me gustan estas huertas.
—JUANVALERA.
74.EXERCISES
(a) 1. Yo no puedo trasnochar. Es lo único que me hace daño. 2. Un día le vieron solo y se acercaron para hablarle. 3. Hablaba a solas con el Argentino. 4. Sólo de oirle se puso más animado. 5. Supe por mi hermano que ustedes asistieron al teatro anoche. 6. Solo aquel hombre podría adquirir tanto dinero en tan poco tiempo. 7. El tío que había sido el únicoapoyo de la familia acababa de morir. 8. ¡Déjele a este niño! ¿Por qué se burla usted de él? 9. Hay solamente tres aquí. ¿Tres, nada más?
(b) 1. He alone knew what had been done for them. 2. I have heard from home only once this week. 3. He has many books in his library, but only a few are good. 4. I think I hear a child crying. Well, it's only the children playing in the yard. 5. Leave the room. I want to speak with your brother alone. 6. We heard something like a groan, but I think it was only the wind. 7. Did you hear what happened this morning? You didn't? (¿no?) Well, I meant to tell you when we were alone. 8. We drink only water. 9. The lesson wasn't hard. It was only that I didn't have much time. 10. This is the only time that I have been able to see you alone.
75.Englishrightas a noun indicating that which is legal, or permissible, is translatedderecho.
I haven't the right to take it away with me.
No tengo el derecho de llevármelo.
(a)To be rightas the opposite ofto be wrongormistakenis renderedtener razón; meaningto be justit isser justo.
Was it right to leave the boy in that deserted place?
¿Era justo dejar al muchacho en aquel lugar desierto?
—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
Uncle is right. We must send him to Paris.
Tiene razón el tío. Debemos mandarle a París.—RAMOSCARRIÓN.
(b) As the opposite ofleft,rightisderecho.
In her right hand she held a lamp.
En la mano derecha tenía una lámpara.
The phraseson the rightandto the rightare rendereda la derecha.
St. Mark's church is on the right.
La iglesia de San Marcos se halla a la derecha.
(c)All rightis translatedbuenoorbien.
All right, then. I'll give you a dollar for it. That's all right, isn't it?
Bueno, entonces. Le daré un duro por él. Está bien, ¿no?
76.Whendutyis expressed, Englishmustis translateddeber. Whenmustexpresseswhat is probably true,deber deis the translation. To expressnecessity,tener queis used.
Children must obey their parents.
Los niños deben obedecer a sus padres.
He must have a high opinion of her.
Debe de tener un alto concepto de ella.—JUANVALERA.
I must go to the city to-day.
Tengo que ir a la ciudad hoy.
(a) Whenmustis followed by a passive infinitive,hay queorha deis used with the infinitive.Hay quealso translates the impersonalone(we,you,they,people)must.
It mustn't be said that this meeting was in vain.
No ha de decirse que este encuentro fué en vano.
—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
One must talk of that. One must remember that.
Hay que hablar de eso. Hay que acordarse de eso.
—FERNÁNCABALLERO.
(b) Expressing conjecture or probabilitymustis often translated by the future and conditional of the verb which in English is the complementary infinitive withmust. The future translates the present, and the conditional the perfect infinitive.
He must know something about it. He must have worn something.
Algo sabrá de eso. Algo se pondría.—LOSQUINTERO.
It must be because she did it. It must have been that.
Será porque ella lo haya hecho. Eso sería.
77.EXERCISES
(a) 1. Llaman a la puerta. Serán ellos. 2. Su hermano debe de ser cómplice. 3. La hazaña debió de suceder anoche. 4. No debes llorar sin decirme por qué. 5. Ha de perdonarme usted si soy un poco malicioso. 6. No hay que apurarse. Estará bueno en un momento. 7. Usted debe de haber vistola casa en donde vivo. 8. Debe de ser esa casa blanca a la derecha. 9. No hay que esperarlos hoy. Tienen razón en no venir. 10. Serían las tres cuando al fin llegaron.
(b) 1. I must write a letter to a friend who is ill. 2. That man must have a very poor memory. 3. I have brought you a dozen eggs. Is that all right? 4. It is not right to tell a child what he must do and not help him to do it. 5. On the right of the avenue was (hallarse) a beautiful park. 6. Look what I have written. It is all right, isn't it? 7. The bell rang, didn't it? It must be the postman. 8. It must have been John who telephoned me last night. 9. Is this bill right? It must be. It seems to be all right. 10. I must telephone him and tell him that it must be done before night.
78.The verbto appearis renderedparecerwhen the meaning isto seem; meaningto put in an appearanceit is translatedaparecer,dejarse ver,presentarse, orasomar, the last with the idea ofjust coming into view.
He appears to be absolutely tired out.
Parece estar cansado a más no poder.
The moon appears and paints blue shadows.
Aparece(asoma)la luna y pinta sombras azules.
—MARTÍNEZSIERRA.
At the same moment the face of the Catalan appeared through the window.
Al mismo momento asomó el rostro del Catalán por la ventana.
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
He tried to appear in public as little as possible.
Procuraba presentarse en pública lo menos posible.—ALARCÓN.
79.The verbto succeedis renderedsucederwhen the meaning isto follow; meaningto be able to,manage to, it is renderedlograrwith the direct infinitive; in the sense ofto be successfulit is translatedtener éxito.
Edward VII. succeeded Queen Victoria.
Eduardo Séptimo sucedió a la reina Victoria.
And so I'm lost if I don't succeed in escaping?
¿Conque estoy perdido si no logro escaparme?—ALARCÓN.
He'll succeed. Indeed he will!
Tendrá éxito. ¡Vaya si lo tendrá!
80.The wordevenused adverbially isaunorhasta. Used to emphasize a noun it is generallyhasta.Not evenis translatedhasta ... no, orni(siquiera); and the phraseeven if notisya que no.
The landlady, the tailor, and even the night-watchman can wait.
La patrona, el sastre, y hasta el sereno pueden esperar.
—RAMOSCARRIÓN.
Not even so do I trust him.
Ni aun así me fío de él.—GIL Y ZÁRATE.
I don't want anybody, not even her, to share this sacrifice with me.
Yo no quiero que nadie, ni siquiera ella, comparta este sacrificio conmigo.—LOSQUINTERO.
Even if not rich, they are by no means poor.Ya que no ricos, no son de ningún modo pobres.
81.Towardindicatingdirectionishacia. Denotinginclinationit is renderedpara con.
We saw that they were all walking toward the river.
Vimos que todos caminaban hacia el río.
Toward his own children he was always unjust.
Para con sus propios hijos fué siempre injusto.
82.EXERCISES
(a) 1. Pegaron fuego hasta a las iglesias. 2. Le felicito a Vd. y aun más a su familia. 3. Todavía no se ha dejado ver. 4. ¿Quién sucedió al Presidente Lincoln? 5. Saltó al agua ylogró salvar al niño. 6. Logré alcanzarlos hacia la noche. 7. Era muy generoso para con sus amigos menos afortunados. 8. No tenían ni siquiera un duro. 9. Hasta su padre no sabía lo que habían hecho. 10. Parece que al momento de asomarse él a la puerta le dijeron que tenía que presentarse ante el juez.
(b) 1. They appear to be very happy even if they are not rich. 2. Toward morning a light appeared in the house. 3. Even so, I don't like his conduct towards his family. 4. I haven't even answered the letters that they wrote me. 5. He even shook hands with the beggars in the street. 6. I think he will succeed in getting the money. 7. He went toward the door without looking at us. 8. I don't feel any anger toward him. 9. They have succeeded in opening the door, but even now they can't get in. 10. Even if not of as good material as mine, it is very well made.
83.REVIEW EXERCISES
(a) 1. I haveknownhimonlya shorttime. 2. They returned last night at the usualtime. 3. They will alwaysneedme and so I shallkeep onsacrificing myself for them. 4. She isvery pretty, isn't she? Yes,very. 5. I don'tfeel like playingwith them now. 6. The least that it had cost him was money andtime. 7. In one of the houses a ladywas playingthe organ. 8. Hesat down likeone who is not in a hurry. 9. They congregate there every day at the sametime. 10.Withoutthe money, I don't like to go to (acudir a) them. 11. Itmust betimeforthem to arrive.
(b) 1.Even so, theyknowverylittleabout that man. 2. Fromtime to timehe walkedtowardthe door. 3. They have ordered himto appear beforethem to-morrow. 4. Itappearsthat Iwas not rightwhen Itoldyou that. 5. Don't gowithout me. I can't gowithout askingpermission. 6. It hasgrownvery dark. Itmustbe going to rain. 7.Tellthem itmustbe done. Theymustknow that already. 8. Wemust gethim what heneeds evenif it costs a lot of money. 9. We are very,verytired. We haven't hadevena moment to rest all day. 10. Youneednot explain. I heard from your companions that you had been dismissed. 11. It must be dinnertime. Youmustdine with us this evening.
(c) 1.Please tellthem that I haven't enoughevennow. 2. Ineed evenmore than that, thisveryminute. 3.What'sthe weatherlikejust now? Oh, it rainsevery now and then. 4. You willhave togive me moretime. I haveonlytwo made. 5.The only thingIneed just nowis a piece of soap. 6.The only thingIsucceeded in gettingfrom him was advice. 7. Ifonlyshe were not so ill! But Ihearthat she isgetting better. 8. Ihearda lady singing. She sanglikea nightingale. 9. If youmeanthat youlikethe way he acts (say,his manner of acting)towardothers, you are crazy,I mean, you are not wise. 10. Youare right. Itmustbe he. Hemust havearrived this morning. 11. Onemustn'tthink that all things arelikethese.
84.The verbto sit(down) is renderedsentarse.To be sittingis renderedestar sentado.
I'm going, I'm going, you say, and you sit down.
Ya voy, ya voy, dices, y te sientas.—TOMAYO Y BAUS.
Will you sit(down)here a moment, please?
¿Quiere usted sentarse aquí un momento?
Don Miguel is sitting in an armchair near the stove.
Don Miguel está sentado en un sillón inmediato al brasero.
—LOSQUINTERO.
Note.—It is always well to paraphrasesitbefore translating. So,I sat(sat down, took a seat, seated myself)where they told me to;I sat(was sitting)in the armchair.
85.To standmeaningto be on one's feetis renderedestar en pieorparado; meaningto rise to one's feetit isponerse de pie.
Pardon me, I am troubled with my heart. I can't stand.
Perdóneme usted. Padezco del corazón. No puedo estar en pie.—PÉREZ GALDÓS.
When they saw the lady enter, everybody stood.
Al ver entrar a la señora todo el mundo se puso de pie.
(a) Meaningto be situated,standis translatedhallarseorestar situado.
That church has stood there for years.
Aquella iglesia se halla allí desde hace muchos años.
(b) Meaningto endure,bear,suffer,standis renderedaguantar,sufrir,soportar.
He couldn't stand the pain.
No podía soportar el dolor.
I can't stand this noise any longer.
No puedo sufrir más este ruido.
86.Englishcornerhas two translations. Meaningan exterior angle, it is renderedesquina; asan interior angle, it isrincón.
At the corner of that street stands a house, and in one corner of the garden of that house is a beautiful tree.
En la esquina de aquella calle se halla una casa, y en un rincón del jardín de esa casa se halla un hermoso árbol.
87.EXERCISES
(a) 1. La casa estaba situada en medio de grandes jardines. 2. Junto a él nos sentábamos nosotros, es decir, el padre cura y yo. 3. Se sentaron en torno de una mesa junta a la ventana. 4. ¡Ponte de pie cuando yo te hablo! 5. Estamos muy bien en este rinconcito. 6. Ha de saber usted que no puedo aguantar a este hombre. 7. En la obscuridad di contra la esquina de la mesa y me lastimé el brazo. 8. No había asientos para todos y algunos tenían que quedarse parados (en pie). 9. ¿Cómo ha soportado el enfermo el largo viaje? 10. Aquí en el rincón hay un banco. Sentémonos aquí.
(b) 1. I am tired of sitting. Let's all stand up for a few minutes. 2. Who is that boy who is still sitting down? 3. How long are we going to have to stand this? 4. We sat down to resta few minutes because we were tired. 5. The house stands a little to the right of the church. 6. She has been sitting here so very, very quiet that I had almost forgotten her. 7. You must always stand when a lady speaks to you. 8. Turning the corner, he found himself in a little square that he had never seen before. 9. Put the table in the corner. We want to sit there. 10. There was a lady whom I didn't know standing by the window.
88.Englishselfused reflexively is rendered by the Spanish reflexive pronounsme,te,se,nos,os,se. Used as an emphatic modifierselfis renderedmismofor all persons, changing only for number and gender.Mismomay be used with a reflexive to emphasize it.
I hurt myself, as you yourself can see.
Me he lastimado, como usted mismo puede ver.
Give the letter to him himself.
Entregue la carta a él mismo.—JOSÉMÁRMOL.
I am inclined to believe that the widow loves herself above all.
Inclino a creer que la viuda ama a sí misma sobre todo.
—JUANVALERA.
He hurts himself in order to annoy the rest.
Es que se hace daño a sí mismo para dar un disgusto a los demás.—ECHEGARAY.
Note.—Mismomay take the emphatic ending-ísimo. Soél mismísmo...,the very ... himself.
89.Last, meaningthe most recent of a series, orthe final one of a series, is translatedúltimo. Meaningthe one just past, it is translatedpasado.
The last French invasion proves how difficult it is to attack our independence.
La última irrupción francesa prueba cuán difícil es atacar nuestra independencia.—EMILIOCASTELAR.
We ourselves were there last week.
Nosotros mismos estábamos allí la semana pasada.
I said to myself, "This will be the last time."
Dije para mí—Esta será la última vez.
(a) The verbto lastis translateddurar.
Come! Be patient, for this will not last long.
¡Vamos! Tenga usted paciencia, que esto no durará mucho.
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
(b)Last nightis renderedanocheorayer por la noche.
They must have stolen them from me last night.
Debieron de robármelas anoche.—ALARCÓN.
(c)At lastis translatedal finor, more emphatically,al fin y al cabo.
At last! I was beginning to think that you were lost.
¡Al fin y al cabo! Yo empezaba a creer que se había perdido usted.
90.The verbto tellhas three common translations. Meaning simplyto say toit is rendereddecir. Meaningto relateit iscontar. Meaningto be effectiveit is renderedproducir efecto.
Tell me, grandfather, what is the name of the queen in your story?
Dime, abuelito, ¿cómo se llama la reina de tu cuento?
—MARTÍNEZSIERRA.
I told them the terrible story of the miner.
Les conté la espantosa narración del minero.—ALARCÓN.
It was a telling narrative.
Fué una narración que produjo efecto.
91.EXERCISES
(a) 1. Me dice que está lloviendo en este mismo momento. 2. Contaba a los niños las aventuras de los conquistadores. 3. María se cortó hace poco con ese cuchillo. 4. Lo hemos comprado para nosotros mismos, no para ellos. 5. Bien podía ver que sus palabras habían producido efecto. 6. Esta es la última obra del insigne autor español Pérez Galdós. 7. Murió el mes pasado. 8. Al fin han venido a contarme lo ocurrido. 9. La mismísima madre de la niña no hubiera podido hacer más para salvarla. 10. Respeto a la inteligencia de las hormigas se cuentan muchas anécdotas.
(b) 1. Please tell them that this is not the book that I need. 2. I like to hear him tell how he learned to play the piano. 3. He knows how to tell it in such a way that every word tells. 4. I myself had forgotten all my troubles. 5. I was just saying to myself that it is time to go. 6. The very general himself could not have done more. 7. This is the last story that I am going to tell you. Last night you went to bed too late. 8. I was just wondering (say,asking myself) whether I was dreaming or not. 9. I'm going to take her the roses. I myself like the lilies best. 10. At last, last week, I was able to buy the last one that I needed.
92.To savein the sense ofto rescueissalvar; meaningto keep,conserve, it isahorrar, orconservar.
To save a child, I am capable of throwing myself into the fire.
Por salvar a un niño soy capaz de echarme en el fuego.
—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
It's a pity that he didn't save more while he was earning more.
Es lástima que no haya ahorrado más mientras ganaba más.
We must save our strength.
Debemos conservar(ahorrar)nuestras fuerzas.
93.To seeis usuallyver, but used in conjunction with certain prepositions it calls for other translations. Soto see to(take charge of) is renderedcuidar de, ortomar a su cargo;to see about(askorinquire about) is translatedinformarse deorpedir informes sobre.
I'll see to the baggage.
Yo cuidaré del equipaje, or yo tomaré a mi cargo el equipaje.
What time do you want me to go and see about it?
¿A qué hora quiere usted que yo vaya a informarme de ello?
—PALACIOVALDÉS.
(a)To see throughmay be rendered (llegar a)comprender.To see a thing throughis renderedllevar algo a cabo.
There's a problem that I shall never be able to see through.
¡Vaya un problema que yo nunca llegaré a comprender(orque yo nunca comprenderé)!
We've begun it and we must see it through.
Lo hemos empezado y debemos llevarlo a cabo.
(b) The exclamatorysee here!is rendered¡mire Vd.!and the imperative formslet's seeandlet me seeare translateda verorvamos a ver.
See here! You'll have to hurry if you want to overtake them.
¡Mire Vd.! Tendrá que darse prisa si quiere Vd. alcanzarlos.
Let's see if you with your talent can clear this up for me.
A ver si usted con su talento me aclara esto.—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
Let's see! Will you tell me what use flowers are?
¡Vamos a ver! ¿Quiere usted decirme que utilidad tienen las flores?—PALACIOVALDÉS.
Let's see! What have you to declare?
¡A ver! ¿Qué tiene Vd. que declarar?—EMILIAPARDOBAZÁN.
94.Halfas a noun isla mitad. As an adjective it ismedio, which is also its adverbial form.Half-way thereis translateda mitad del caminooren medio camino.
"They offered me the half now," said the old woman.
Me ofrecieron la mitad ahora,—dijo la anciana.
—FERNÁNCABALLERO.
He always stopped when halfway there.
Siempre se detuvo a la mitad del camino.—BLASCOIBÁÑEZ.
Halfway there, there was an inn.
En medio del camino se hallaba una venta.
—FERNÁNCABALLERO.
95.EXERCISES
(a) 1. Si Vd. me da la mitad, yo quedaré satisfecho. 2. Estábamos medio tristes y medio rabiosos. 3. Queda a media milla de distancia de aquí. 4. A ver si Vd. puede hacerlo mejor. 5. Ahorró mucho dinero en poco tiempo. 6. Es muy hábil elmédico. Esperemos que salve al niño. 7. ¡Mira! si no quieres que lleguemos con retraso, date prisa. 8. Yo tomaré todo eso a mí cargo. 9. A mitad del camino tuvieron que volver. 10. Estaba medio enojada porque no le habían dado más que la mitad.
(b) 1. The firemen saved all the people in the house. 2. It is a strange affair. I can't see through it at all. 3. Half is for me and the other half for them. 4. Let's see, what's the good of this? 5. I'll see to the dinner. 6. To save time we sent a servant to see about the trains. 7. The bandits left their victims there half dead. 8. Halfway there they all sat down to rest. 9. Don't leave it half done. See it through! 10. The letter is half written. Let's see! Don't you want to finish it now?