LESSON V.

ἤδη δεῖ μεδουλεύεινπάλινἐν τοῖσιν ἐχθίστοισιν ἀνθρώπων ἐμοί,φονεῦσι πατρός.

ἤδη δεῖ μεδουλεύεινπάλινἐν τοῖσιν ἐχθίστοισιν ἀνθρώπων ἐμοί,φονεῦσι πατρός.

ἤδη δεῖ μεδουλεύεινπάλινἐν τοῖσιν ἐχθίστοισιν ἀνθρώπων ἐμοί,φονεῦσι πατρός.

ἤδη δεῖ μεδουλεύεινπάλιν

ἐν τοῖσιν ἐχθίστοισιν ἀνθρώπων ἐμοί,

φονεῦσι πατρός.

This Francklin translates thus: “Left at last, a slave to those whom most on earth I hate.”

Antigone, line 202.——τοὺς δὲδουλώσαςἄγειν.

Francklin thus—“And made you slaves.”

Idem, line 478.

οὐ γαρ ἐκπέλειφρονεῖν μέ γ’ ὅστιςδοῦλόςἐστι τῶν πέλας.

οὐ γαρ ἐκπέλειφρονεῖν μέ γ’ ὅστιςδοῦλόςἐστι τῶν πέλας.

οὐ γαρ ἐκπέλειφρονεῖν μέ γ’ ὅστιςδοῦλόςἐστι τῶν πέλας.

οὐ γαρ ἐκπέλει

φρονεῖν μέ γ’ ὅστιςδοῦλόςἐστι τῶν πέλας.

Thus—“’Tis not for slaves to be so haughty.”

Idem, line 517.——οὐ γάρ τιδοῦλος, ἀλλ’ ἀδελφὸς ὤλετο.

Thus—“He was a brother, not a slave.”

Idem, line 756.——γυναικὸς ὥνδούλευμα, μὴ κώτιλλέ με.

Thus—“Think not to make me thus thy scorn and laughter, thou woman’s slave.”

Ajax, line 489.——νῦν δ’ εἰμιδούλη.

Thus—“Though now a wretched slave.”

499.——ξύν παιδὶ τῷ σῷδουλὶανἕξειν τροφήν.

Thus—“And thy loved son shall eat the bread of slavery.”

1020.——δοῦλοςλόγοισιν ἀντ’ ἐλευθέρου φανείς.

Francklin thus——“And to slavery doomed.”

1235.——ταῦτ’ οὐκ ἀκούειν μεγάλα πρὸςδούλωνκακά;

Thus——“Shall we be thus insulted by our slaves?”

1289.——ὁδοῦλος, ὁ ἐκ τῆς βαρβάρου μητρὸς γεγώς.

Thus——“I am a slave, born of a barbarian mother.”

Oedipus Tyrannus, line 1062——

σύ μέν γάρ, οὐδ’ ἄν ἐκ τρίτης ἐγὼυντρός φανῶτρίδουλος, ἐκφανεῖ κακή.

σύ μέν γάρ, οὐδ’ ἄν ἐκ τρίτης ἐγὼυντρός φανῶτρίδουλος, ἐκφανεῖ κακή.

σύ μέν γάρ, οὐδ’ ἄν ἐκ τρίτης ἐγὼυντρός φανῶτρίδουλος, ἐκφανεῖ κακή.

σύ μέν γάρ, οὐδ’ ἄν ἐκ τρίτης ἐγὼ

υντρός φανῶτρίδουλος, ἐκφανεῖ κακή.

Thus——“Were I descended from a race of slaves, ’twould not dishonour thee.”

1123.——ἦδοῦλος, οὐκ ὠνητός, ἀλλ’ οἴκοι τραφείς.

Thus——“Although I am a slave, yet I was not purchased, but born and reared up in his house.”

1168.——ἦνδοῦλος, ἤ κείνου τις ἐγγενὴς γεγώς;

Thus—“Was he the son of a slave; if not, of whom?”

Oedipus Coloneus, line 917—

καὶ μοι πόλιν κένανδρον ἤδούληντινὰἔδοξας εἶναι.

καὶ μοι πόλιν κένανδρον ἤδούληντινὰἔδοξας εἶναι.

καὶ μοι πόλιν κένανδρον ἤδούληντινὰἔδοξας εἶναι.

καὶ μοι πόλιν κένανδρον ἤδούληντινὰ

ἔδοξας εἶναι.

Francklin thus—“Or didst thou think I valued a desert land, or that my people were a race of slaves?”

Trachiniæ, line 53.——δούλαις,female slaves.

Line 63—

ἥδε γὰρ γυνήδούλημέν, ἑιρηκεν δ’ ἐλεύθερον λόγον.

ἥδε γὰρ γυνήδούλημέν, ἑιρηκεν δ’ ἐλεύθερον λόγον.

ἥδε γὰρ γυνήδούλημέν, ἑιρηκεν δ’ ἐλεύθερον λόγον.

ἥδε γὰρ γυνή

δούλημέν, ἑιρηκεν δ’ ἐλεύθερον λόγον.

Francklin thus—“This woman, though a slave, hath spoken what would have well become the mouth of freedom’s self to utter.”

257.——ξύν παισὶ καὶ γυναικὶδουλώσεινἔτι.

Thus—“And bind in slavery his wife and all his race.”

267.——φωνεῖ δέ,δοῦλοςἀνδρὸς ὡς ἐλεύθερου ῥαίοιτο.

Francklin thus—“And said a slave like him should bend beneath a freeman’s power.”

283.——πόλις δέδούλη.

302.——τανῦν δεδοῦλονἴοχουσιν βίον.

367.——οὐδ’ ὥς τεδούλην.

467.——ἔπερσεκᾳδουλωσεν.

Philoctetes, line 995——

οἴ μοι τάλας. ἡμᾶς μὲν ὡςδούλουςσαφῶςπατὴρ ἄρ’ ἐξέφυσεν, οὐδ’ ἐλευθέρους.

οἴ μοι τάλας. ἡμᾶς μὲν ὡςδούλουςσαφῶςπατὴρ ἄρ’ ἐξέφυσεν, οὐδ’ ἐλευθέρους.

οἴ μοι τάλας. ἡμᾶς μὲν ὡςδούλουςσαφῶςπατὴρ ἄρ’ ἐξέφυσεν, οὐδ’ ἐλευθέρους.

οἴ μοι τάλας. ἡμᾶς μὲν ὡςδούλουςσαφῶς

πατὴρ ἄρ’ ἐξέφυσεν, οὐδ’ ἐλευθέρους.

Aristophanes, Ranæ (Batrachoi), line 191——

δοῦλονοὐκ ἄγω,εἰ μὴ νεναυμάχηκε τὴν περὶ τῶν κρεῶν.

δοῦλονοὐκ ἄγω,εἰ μὴ νεναυμάχηκε τὴν περὶ τῶν κρεῶν.

δοῦλονοὐκ ἄγω,εἰ μὴ νεναυμάχηκε τὴν περὶ τῶν κρεῶν.

δοῦλονοὐκ ἄγω,

εἰ μὴ νεναυμάχηκε τὴν περὶ τῶν κρεῶν.

531.——ὡςδοῦλοςὤν καὶ θνητός.

541.——εἰ Ξανθίας μὲνδοῦλοςὤν.

584.——δοῦλοςἅμα καὶ θνὸτος ὤν;

632.——ἀθάνατος εἰναί φημι Διόνυσος Διὸς, τοῦτον δὲδοῦλον.

694.——κᾀντὶδούλωνδεσπότας.

742.——ὅτι,δοῦλοςὤν, ἔφασκες εἶναι δεσπότης.

743.——

τοῦτο μέντοι δουλικὸνεὐθυς πεποίηκας.

τοῦτο μέντοι δουλικὸνεὐθυς πεποίηκας.

τοῦτο μέντοι δουλικὸνεὐθυς πεποίηκας.

τοῦτο μέντοι δουλικὸν

εὐθυς πεποίηκας.

949.——ἀλλ’ ἔλεγεν ἡ γυνή τ’ ἐμοὶ χῷδοῦλοςοὐδὲν ἧττον.

Aves (Ornithes), line 69.——ὄσνις ἔγωγεδοῦλος.

Line 763—

τοῦ Φιλήμονος γένουςεἰ δέδοῦλοςἐστι Κὰρ, etc.

τοῦ Φιλήμονος γένουςεἰ δέδοῦλοςἐστι Κὰρ, etc.

τοῦ Φιλήμονος γένουςεἰ δέδοῦλοςἐστι Κὰρ, etc.

τοῦ Φιλήμονος γένους

εἰ δέδοῦλοςἐστι Κὰρ, etc.

911.——ἔὣπειτα δῆταδοῦλοςὣν κόμην ἔχεις.

Equites (Hyppes), line 44—

οὗτος τῇ προτέρᾳ νουμυηνίᾳἐπρίατοδοῦλον.

οὗτος τῇ προτέρᾳ νουμυηνίᾳἐπρίατοδοῦλον.

οὗτος τῇ προτέρᾳ νουμυηνίᾳἐπρίατοδοῦλον.

οὗτος τῇ προτέρᾳ νουμυηνίᾳ

ἐπρίατοδοῦλον.

Lysistrate, line 330.——δούλῃσινὠστιζομένη.

Acharnenses, 401—

ὅθ’ ὁδοῦλοςοὑτωσὶ σαφῶς ἀπεκρίνατο.

Vespæ (Sphekes), 517—

ἀλλάδουλεύωνλέληθας.παῦεδουλείανλέγων,ὅστις ἄρχω τῶν ἁπάντων.

ἀλλάδουλεύωνλέληθας.παῦεδουλείανλέγων,ὅστις ἄρχω τῶν ἁπάντων.

ἀλλάδουλεύωνλέληθας.παῦεδουλείανλέγων,ὅστις ἄρχω τῶν ἁπάντων.

ἀλλάδουλεύωνλέληθας.

παῦεδουλείανλέγων,

ὅστις ἄρχω τῶν ἁπάντων.

Line 602—

ἥνδουλείανοὖσαν ἔφασκες χὐπηρεσίαν ἀποδείξειν.

Line 681—

ἀλλ’ αὐτην μοι τὴνδουλείανοὐκ ἀποφαίνων ἀποκναίεις. οὐ γὰρ μεγάληδουλείαστὶν, τούτους μὲν ἅπαντας ἐν ἀρχαῖς.

Thesmophoriazusæ, line 537—

αὐταί γε καὶ ταδουλάρια, &c.

αὐταί γε καὶ ταδουλάρια, &c.

αὐταί γε καὶ ταδουλάρια, &c.

αὐταί γε καὶ ταδουλάρια, &c.

564.———οὐδ’ ὡς σὺ, τῆςδοὺληςτεκούσης ἄῤῥρεν’.

Ecclesiazusæ, line 651.——οἱδοῦλοι.

Line 721—

καὶ τάς γεδούλαςοὐχὶ δεῖ κοσμουμέναςτὴν τῶν ἐλευθέρων ὑφαρπάζειν Κύπριν,ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοῖςδοὺλοισικοιμᾶσθαι μόνον,κατωνάκῃ τὸν χοῖρον ἀποτετιλμένας.

καὶ τάς γεδούλαςοὐχὶ δεῖ κοσμουμέναςτὴν τῶν ἐλευθέρων ὑφαρπάζειν Κύπριν,ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοῖςδοὺλοισικοιμᾶσθαι μόνον,κατωνάκῃ τὸν χοῖρον ἀποτετιλμένας.

καὶ τάς γεδούλαςοὐχὶ δεῖ κοσμουμέναςτὴν τῶν ἐλευθέρων ὑφαρπάζειν Κύπριν,ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοῖςδοὺλοισικοιμᾶσθαι μόνον,κατωνάκῃ τὸν χοῖρον ἀποτετιλμένας.

καὶ τάς γεδούλαςοὐχὶ δεῖ κοσμουμένας

τὴν τῶν ἐλευθέρων ὑφαρπάζειν Κύπριν,

ἀλλὰ παρὰ τοῖςδοὺλοισικοιμᾶσθαι μόνον,

κατωνάκῃ τὸν χοῖρον ἀποτετιλμένας.

Homer, Iliad iii. 407—

Μηδ’ ἔτι σοῖσι πόδεσσιν ὑποστρέψειας Ὄλυμπον,Αλλ’ αἰεὶ περὶ κεῖνον ὀΐζυε, καὶ ἑ φύλασσε,Εἰσόκε σ’ ἢ ἄλοχον ποιήσεται, ἢ ὅγεδοὺλην.

Μηδ’ ἔτι σοῖσι πόδεσσιν ὑποστρέψειας Ὄλυμπον,Αλλ’ αἰεὶ περὶ κεῖνον ὀΐζυε, καὶ ἑ φύλασσε,Εἰσόκε σ’ ἢ ἄλοχον ποιήσεται, ἢ ὅγεδοὺλην.

Μηδ’ ἔτι σοῖσι πόδεσσιν ὑποστρέψειας Ὄλυμπον,Αλλ’ αἰεὶ περὶ κεῖνον ὀΐζυε, καὶ ἑ φύλασσε,Εἰσόκε σ’ ἢ ἄλοχον ποιήσεται, ἢ ὅγεδοὺλην.

Μηδ’ ἔτι σοῖσι πόδεσσιν ὑποστρέψειας Ὄλυμπον,

Αλλ’ αἰεὶ περὶ κεῖνον ὀΐζυε, καὶ ἑ φύλασσε,

Εἰσόκε σ’ ἢ ἄλοχον ποιήσεται, ἢ ὅγεδοὺλην.

Which Pope has paraphrased thus—

“A handmaid goddess at his side to wait,Renounce the glories of thy heavenly state,Be fix’d for ever to the Trojan shore,His spouse, or slave, and mount the skies no more.”

“A handmaid goddess at his side to wait,Renounce the glories of thy heavenly state,Be fix’d for ever to the Trojan shore,His spouse, or slave, and mount the skies no more.”

“A handmaid goddess at his side to wait,Renounce the glories of thy heavenly state,Be fix’d for ever to the Trojan shore,His spouse, or slave, and mount the skies no more.”

“A handmaid goddess at his side to wait,

Renounce the glories of thy heavenly state,

Be fix’d for ever to the Trojan shore,

His spouse, or slave, and mount the skies no more.”

Iliad vi. 460—

Ἕξτορος ἥδε γυνή, ὅς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαιΤρώων ἱπποδάμων, ὅτε Ἴλιον ἀμφεμάχοντο.Ὥς ποτέ τις ἐρέει· σοὶ δ’ αὖ νέον ἔσσεται ἄλγοςΧήτεϊ τοιοῦδ’ ἀνδρός, ἀμύνεινδούλιονἧμαρ.

Ἕξτορος ἥδε γυνή, ὅς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαιΤρώων ἱπποδάμων, ὅτε Ἴλιον ἀμφεμάχοντο.Ὥς ποτέ τις ἐρέει· σοὶ δ’ αὖ νέον ἔσσεται ἄλγοςΧήτεϊ τοιοῦδ’ ἀνδρός, ἀμύνεινδούλιονἧμαρ.

Ἕξτορος ἥδε γυνή, ὅς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαιΤρώων ἱπποδάμων, ὅτε Ἴλιον ἀμφεμάχοντο.Ὥς ποτέ τις ἐρέει· σοὶ δ’ αὖ νέον ἔσσεται ἄλγοςΧήτεϊ τοιοῦδ’ ἀνδρός, ἀμύνεινδούλιονἧμαρ.

Ἕξτορος ἥδε γυνή, ὅς ἀριστεύεσκε μάχεσθαι

Τρώων ἱπποδάμων, ὅτε Ἴλιον ἀμφεμάχοντο.

Ὥς ποτέ τις ἐρέει· σοὶ δ’ αὖ νέον ἔσσεται ἄλγος

Χήτεϊ τοιοῦδ’ ἀνδρός, ἀμύνεινδούλιονἧμαρ.

We should be happy to see the exquisite tenderness of the original transferred into English. We offer:—“This is the wife of Hector, the bravest of the horse-taming Trojans, when our people fought about Ilion. Thus perchance some one will say: and this will be to thee a fresh sorrow, to feel the want of thy husband to ward off the day of slavery.”

Odyssey xiv. 339—

Ἀλλ’ ὅτε γαίης πολλὸν ἀπέπλω ποντοπόρος νηῦς,Αὐτικαδούλιονἧμαρ ἐμοὶ περιμηχανόωντο.

Ἀλλ’ ὅτε γαίης πολλὸν ἀπέπλω ποντοπόρος νηῦς,Αὐτικαδούλιονἧμαρ ἐμοὶ περιμηχανόωντο.

Ἀλλ’ ὅτε γαίης πολλὸν ἀπέπλω ποντοπόρος νηῦς,Αὐτικαδούλιονἧμαρ ἐμοὶ περιμηχανόωντο.

Ἀλλ’ ὅτε γαίης πολλὸν ἀπέπλω ποντοπόρος νηῦς,

Αὐτικαδούλιονἧμαρ ἐμοὶ περιμηχανόωντο.

Pope thus—

“Soon as remote from shore they plough the wave,With ready hands they rush to seize the slave.”

“Soon as remote from shore they plough the wave,With ready hands they rush to seize the slave.”

“Soon as remote from shore they plough the wave,With ready hands they rush to seize the slave.”

“Soon as remote from shore they plough the wave,

With ready hands they rush to seize the slave.”

Odyssey xxii. 421—

Πεντηκοντά τοί εἰσιν ἐνι μεγάροισι γυναῖκεςΔμωαί, τὰς μεν τ’ ἔργα διδάξαμεν ἐργάζεσθαι,Εἰρια τε ξαίνειν, καὶδουλοσύνηςἀνεχέσθαι.

Πεντηκοντά τοί εἰσιν ἐνι μεγάροισι γυναῖκεςΔμωαί, τὰς μεν τ’ ἔργα διδάξαμεν ἐργάζεσθαι,Εἰρια τε ξαίνειν, καὶδουλοσύνηςἀνεχέσθαι.

Πεντηκοντά τοί εἰσιν ἐνι μεγάροισι γυναῖκεςΔμωαί, τὰς μεν τ’ ἔργα διδάξαμεν ἐργάζεσθαι,Εἰρια τε ξαίνειν, καὶδουλοσύνηςἀνεχέσθαι.

Πεντηκοντά τοί εἰσιν ἐνι μεγάροισι γυναῖκες

Δμωαί, τὰς μεν τ’ ἔργα διδάξαμεν ἐργάζεσθαι,

Εἰρια τε ξαίνειν, καὶδουλοσύνηςἀνεχέσθαι.

Pope thus—

“Then she: In these thy kingly walls remain(My son) full fifty of the handmaid train;Taught by my care to cull the fleece or weave,And servitude with pleasing tasks deceive.”

“Then she: In these thy kingly walls remain(My son) full fifty of the handmaid train;Taught by my care to cull the fleece or weave,And servitude with pleasing tasks deceive.”

“Then she: In these thy kingly walls remain(My son) full fifty of the handmaid train;Taught by my care to cull the fleece or weave,And servitude with pleasing tasks deceive.”

“Then she: In these thy kingly walls remain

(My son) full fifty of the handmaid train;

Taught by my care to cull the fleece or weave,

And servitude with pleasing tasks deceive.”

Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris, line 130—

πόδα παρθένιονὅσιον ὁσίαςκλῃδούχουδούλα(a slave)πέμπω.

πόδα παρθένιονὅσιον ὁσίαςκλῃδούχουδούλα(a slave)πέμπω.

πόδα παρθένιονὅσιον ὁσίαςκλῃδούχουδούλα(a slave)πέμπω.

πόδα παρθένιον

ὅσιον ὁσίας

κλῃδούχουδούλα(a slave)πέμπω.

Line 451.——δουλείαςἐμέθεν δειλαίας παυσίπονος.

Potter thus—“And bid the toils of slavery cease.”

Troades (Trojan Dames), line 140—

δούλαδ’ ἄγομαι γραῦς ἐξ οἴκων.

δούλαδ’ ἄγομαι γραῦς ἐξ οἴκων.

δούλαδ’ ἄγομαι γραῦς ἐξ οἴκων.

δούλαδ’ ἄγομαι γραῦς ἐξ οἴκων.

“I, an old woman, am led from my home a slave.”

Idem, 159.δουλείαναἰάζουσιν.

“Bemoan their slavery.”

186.——τῷ πρόσκειμαιδούλατλάμων.

“Assigned a slave,” &c.

197.——δουλεύσωγραῦς.

“An old woman enslaved.”

214.——ἔνθ’ ἀντάσω Μενέλαδούλα.

“Exposed me a slave to Menelaus.”

Idem, 235—

δοῦλαίγαρ δὴΔωρίδος ἐσμέν χθονὸς ἤδη.

δοῦλαίγαρ δὴΔωρίδος ἐσμέν χθονὸς ἤδη.

δοῦλαίγαρ δὴΔωρίδος ἐσμέν χθονὸς ἤδη.

δοῦλαίγαρ δὴ

Δωρίδος ἐσμέν χθονὸς ἤδη.

“We are slaves of the Dorian land, even now.”

284.——φωτὶδουλεύειν.

“I am enslaved,” &c.

599.——ζυγά δ’ ἤνυσεδούλιαΤροία.

“Troy yields to the yoke of slavery.”

615.——εἰςδοῦλονἥκει.

“Is sunk in slavery.”

661.——δουλεύσωδ’, &c.

Idem, 678—

ναυσθλοῦμαι δ’ ἐγὼπρός Ἑλλάδ’ αἰχμάλωτος εἰςδοῦλονζυγόν.

ναυσθλοῦμαι δ’ ἐγὼπρός Ἑλλάδ’ αἰχμάλωτος εἰςδοῦλονζυγόν.

ναυσθλοῦμαι δ’ ἐγὼπρός Ἑλλάδ’ αἰχμάλωτος εἰςδοῦλονζυγόν.

ναυσθλοῦμαι δ’ ἐγὼ

πρός Ἑλλάδ’ αἰχμάλωτος εἰςδοῦλονζυγόν.

“I go by sea to Greece, a prisoner of war, to a yoke ofslavery.”

957.——κείνης δέδοῦλόςἐστι.

“But is her slave.”

971.——πικρῶςἐδούλευς’.

“Harshlyenslaved.”

1341.——ἴτ’ ἐπὶ τάλαινανδούλειονἁμέραν βίου.

1341.——ἴτ’ ἐπὶ τάλαινανδούλειονἁμέραν βίου.

1341.——ἴτ’ ἐπὶ τάλαινανδούλειονἁμέραν βίου.

1341.——ἴτ’ ἐπὶ τάλαιναν

δούλειονἁμέραν βίου.

Bacchæ, 366.——γὰρ τῷ Διὸςδουλευτέον.

803.——τί δρῶντα;δουλεύοντα δουλείαιςἐμαῖς;

Potter thus—“What should I do? be to my slaves a slave?”

1028.——ὥς σε στενάζω,δοῦλοςὤν μὲν, ἀλλ’ ὅμως χρηστοῖσιδούλοιςσυμφορὰ τὰ δεσποτῶν.

Potter thus—

“How I lament thee, though a slave; yet slaves,If faithful, mourn the ruin of their lords.”

“How I lament thee, though a slave; yet slaves,If faithful, mourn the ruin of their lords.”

“How I lament thee, though a slave; yet slaves,If faithful, mourn the ruin of their lords.”

“How I lament thee, though a slave; yet slaves,

If faithful, mourn the ruin of their lords.”

Cyclops, 76—

ἐγὼ δ’, ὁ σος πρόσπολος,θητεύω Κύκλωπιτῷ μονοδέρκτᾳ,δοῦλοςἀλαινων σὺν τᾷδετράγου χλαίνᾳ μελέᾳσᾶς χωρὶς φιλίας.

ἐγὼ δ’, ὁ σος πρόσπολος,θητεύω Κύκλωπιτῷ μονοδέρκτᾳ,δοῦλοςἀλαινων σὺν τᾷδετράγου χλαίνᾳ μελέᾳσᾶς χωρὶς φιλίας.

ἐγὼ δ’, ὁ σος πρόσπολος,θητεύω Κύκλωπιτῷ μονοδέρκτᾳ,δοῦλοςἀλαινων σὺν τᾷδετράγου χλαίνᾳ μελέᾳσᾶς χωρὶς φιλίας.

ἐγὼ δ’, ὁ σος πρόσπολος,

θητεύω Κύκλωπι

τῷ μονοδέρκτᾳ,

δοῦλοςἀλαινων σὺν τᾷδε

τράγου χλαίνᾳ μελέᾳ

σᾶς χωρὶς φιλίας.

Helena, 283—

καὶ φίλων τητωμένη,δούληκαθέστηκ’, οὖς’ ἐλευθέρων ἄπο.τὰ βαρβάρων γὰρδοῦλαπάντα, πλὴν ἑνός.

καὶ φίλων τητωμένη,δούληκαθέστηκ’, οὖς’ ἐλευθέρων ἄπο.τὰ βαρβάρων γὰρδοῦλαπάντα, πλὴν ἑνός.

καὶ φίλων τητωμένη,δούληκαθέστηκ’, οὖς’ ἐλευθέρων ἄπο.τὰ βαρβάρων γὰρδοῦλαπάντα, πλὴν ἑνός.

καὶ φίλων τητωμένη,

δούληκαθέστηκ’, οὖς’ ἐλευθέρων ἄπο.

τὰ βαρβάρων γὰρδοῦλαπάντα, πλὴν ἑνός.

Potter thus—

“Of friends deprived,I, from the free who draw my generous blood,Am made aslave; for ’mong barbarians allAre slaves, save one.”

“Of friends deprived,I, from the free who draw my generous blood,Am made aslave; for ’mong barbarians allAre slaves, save one.”

“Of friends deprived,I, from the free who draw my generous blood,Am made aslave; for ’mong barbarians allAre slaves, save one.”

“Of friends deprived,

I, from the free who draw my generous blood,

Am made aslave; for ’mong barbarians all

Are slaves, save one.”

299.——ἀσχήμονες μὲν ἀγχόναι μετάρσιοι,κᾀν τοῖσιδούλοιςδυσπρεπὲς νομίζεται.

299.——ἀσχήμονες μὲν ἀγχόναι μετάρσιοι,κᾀν τοῖσιδούλοιςδυσπρεπὲς νομίζεται.

299.——ἀσχήμονες μὲν ἀγχόναι μετάρσιοι,κᾀν τοῖσιδούλοιςδυσπρεπὲς νομίζεται.

299.——ἀσχήμονες μὲν ἀγχόναι μετάρσιοι,

κᾀν τοῖσιδούλοιςδυσπρεπὲς νομίζεται.

Potter thus—

“The pendent cordDisgraces; even inslavesit is deemed base.”

“The pendent cordDisgraces; even inslavesit is deemed base.”

“The pendent cordDisgraces; even inslavesit is deemed base.”

“The pendent cord

Disgraces; even inslavesit is deemed base.”

Line 728—

ἐγω μὲν εἴην, κεἰ πέφυχ’ ὅμως λάτρις,ἐν τοῖσι γενναίοισιν ἠριθμημένοςδούλοισι, τοὔνομ’ οὐκ ἔχων ἐλεύθερον,τόν νοῦν δε· κρεῖσσον γὰρ τόδ’ ἤ δυοῖν κακοῖνἕν ὄντα χρῆσθαι, τὰς φρένας τ’ ἔχειν κακὰς,ἄλλων τ’ ἀκούεινδοῦλονὄντα τῶν πέλας.

ἐγω μὲν εἴην, κεἰ πέφυχ’ ὅμως λάτρις,ἐν τοῖσι γενναίοισιν ἠριθμημένοςδούλοισι, τοὔνομ’ οὐκ ἔχων ἐλεύθερον,τόν νοῦν δε· κρεῖσσον γὰρ τόδ’ ἤ δυοῖν κακοῖνἕν ὄντα χρῆσθαι, τὰς φρένας τ’ ἔχειν κακὰς,ἄλλων τ’ ἀκούεινδοῦλονὄντα τῶν πέλας.

ἐγω μὲν εἴην, κεἰ πέφυχ’ ὅμως λάτρις,ἐν τοῖσι γενναίοισιν ἠριθμημένοςδούλοισι, τοὔνομ’ οὐκ ἔχων ἐλεύθερον,τόν νοῦν δε· κρεῖσσον γὰρ τόδ’ ἤ δυοῖν κακοῖνἕν ὄντα χρῆσθαι, τὰς φρένας τ’ ἔχειν κακὰς,ἄλλων τ’ ἀκούεινδοῦλονὄντα τῶν πέλας.

ἐγω μὲν εἴην, κεἰ πέφυχ’ ὅμως λάτρις,

ἐν τοῖσι γενναίοισιν ἠριθμημένος

δούλοισι, τοὔνομ’ οὐκ ἔχων ἐλεύθερον,

τόν νοῦν δε· κρεῖσσον γὰρ τόδ’ ἤ δυοῖν κακοῖν

ἕν ὄντα χρῆσθαι, τὰς φρένας τ’ ἔχειν κακὰς,

ἄλλων τ’ ἀκούεινδοῦλονὄντα τῶν πέλας.

Potter thus—

“It is my wish,Though born a slave, among the generous slavesTo be accounted, bearing a free mind,If not the name; for better this I deem,Than two bad things, to harbour a base mind,And hear from those around the name of slave.”

“It is my wish,Though born a slave, among the generous slavesTo be accounted, bearing a free mind,If not the name; for better this I deem,Than two bad things, to harbour a base mind,And hear from those around the name of slave.”

“It is my wish,Though born a slave, among the generous slavesTo be accounted, bearing a free mind,If not the name; for better this I deem,Than two bad things, to harbour a base mind,And hear from those around the name of slave.”

“It is my wish,

Though born a slave, among the generous slaves

To be accounted, bearing a free mind,

If not the name; for better this I deem,

Than two bad things, to harbour a base mind,

And hear from those around the name of slave.”

We deem this translation defective, because it makes no distinction between the ideas conveyed by the wordsλάτριςandδουλος. True, at this late day, the passage is somewhat obscure. But the speaker was not a slave: he says he was born aλάτρις—a character far less elevated than theδοῦλος, yet a freeman, but possessing a greater servility of mind than even thedoulos, and his condition often far more abject. The slave possessed the protection of his master; but thelatris, with all the destitution and degradation incident to the lowest conditions of the freeman, often coveted the happier condition of thedoulos. The idea conveyed by this messenger is literally this: “Although born alatris, I had rather be considered among the home-born slaves, not having the name of freedom, than to have merely the name; for I consider this a good choice between the two evils—the being supposed to have the base mind of thelatris, and the being truly called a slave by those near us.” The substance is, he had rather be adoulosthan alatris.

That he was not a slave is evident from what follows in the 797th line, where Menelaus calls him emphatically hisprospolon, merely an attendant.

1630.——ἀλλὰ δεσποτῶν κρατήσεις,δοῦλοςὤν;

Potter—“Slave as thou art, wilt thou control thy lord?”

Idem, 1640.

πρὸ δεσποτῶντοῖσι γενναίοισιδούλοιςεὐκλεέστατον θανεῖν.

πρὸ δεσποτῶντοῖσι γενναίοισιδούλοιςεὐκλεέστατον θανεῖν.

πρὸ δεσποτῶντοῖσι γενναίοισιδούλοιςεὐκλεέστατον θανεῖν.

πρὸ δεσποτῶν

τοῖσι γενναίοισιδούλοιςεὐκλεέστατον θανεῖν.

“To home-born slaves, it is glory to die for their masters.”

Ion, line 132.——θεοῖσιδούλανχέρ’ ἔχειν.

“To be a slave to the gods.”

182.——Φοίβῷδουλεύσω, &c.

327.——τοῖς τοῦ θεοῦ κοσμούμεθ’, ᾧδουλεύομεν.

556.——ἐκπεφεύγαμεν τὸδοῦλον.

761.——δούλευμαπιστόν, &c.

837.——εκδούληςτινός, &c.

854.——ἕν γάρ τι τοῖςδούλοισιν, &c.

855.——τοὒνομα· τὰ δ’ ἀλλα πάντα τῶν ἐλευθέρων οὐδεὶς κακίωνδοῦλος, ὅστις ἐσθλὸς ᾖ.

Potter—

“It is the name; in all else than the freeThe slave is nothing worse, if he be virtuous.”

“It is the name; in all else than the freeThe slave is nothing worse, if he be virtuous.”

“It is the name; in all else than the freeThe slave is nothing worse, if he be virtuous.”

“It is the name; in all else than the free

The slave is nothing worse, if he be virtuous.”

983.——ἐπίσημον ὁ φόνος, καὶ τὸδοῦλονἀσθενές.

Potter—“An open murder, and with cowardslaves.”

1109.——τί δ' ἔστιν, ὦξύνδουλε;

“What is the matter, my fellow-slave?”

Hercules, 190.——ἀνὴρ ὁπλίτηςδοῦλοςἐστι τῶν ὅπλων.

Potter—

“——the man array’d in armsIs to his arms aslave.”

“——the man array’d in armsIs to his arms aslave.”

“——the man array’d in armsIs to his arms aslave.”

“——the man array’d in arms

Is to his arms aslave.”

Electra, 110.——δούληςγυναικός,female slave.

633.——δούλωνγὰρ ἴδιον τοῦτο, σοὶ δὲ σύμφορον.

Potter—“Such the slave’s nature, but this favours thee.”

Line 898—

σὸς γάρ ἐστι νῦνδοῦλος.

σὸς γάρ ἐστι νῦνδοῦλος.

σὸς γάρ ἐστι νῦνδοῦλος.

σὸς γάρ ἐστι νῦν

δοῦλος.

“He is thyslavenow.”

Medea, line 54—

χρηστοῖσιδούλοιςξυμφορὰ τὰ δεσποτῶνκακῶς πίτνοντα καὶ φρενῶν ἀνθάπτεται.

χρηστοῖσιδούλοιςξυμφορὰ τὰ δεσποτῶνκακῶς πίτνοντα καὶ φρενῶν ἀνθάπτεται.

χρηστοῖσιδούλοιςξυμφορὰ τὰ δεσποτῶνκακῶς πίτνοντα καὶ φρενῶν ἀνθάπτεται.

χρηστοῖσιδούλοιςξυμφορὰ τὰ δεσποτῶν

κακῶς πίτνοντα καὶ φρενῶν ἀνθάπτεται.

“Slaves who are faithful, suffer in the afflictions of their masters.”

Line 65.——μή, πρὸς γενείου, κρύπτεσύνδουλονσέθεν.

“Now by this beard, deceive not by secrecy thy fellow-slave.”

Hecuba, line 234—

εἰ δ’ ἔστι τοῖςδούλοισιτοὺς ἐλευθέρουςμὴ λυπρὰ μηδὲ καρδίας δηκτήριαἐξιστορῆσαι, σοὶ μὲν εἰρῆσθαι χρεών,ἡμᾶς δ’ ἀκοῦσαι τοὺς ἐρωτῶντας τάδε.

εἰ δ’ ἔστι τοῖςδούλοισιτοὺς ἐλευθέρουςμὴ λυπρὰ μηδὲ καρδίας δηκτήριαἐξιστορῆσαι, σοὶ μὲν εἰρῆσθαι χρεών,ἡμᾶς δ’ ἀκοῦσαι τοὺς ἐρωτῶντας τάδε.

εἰ δ’ ἔστι τοῖςδούλοισιτοὺς ἐλευθέρουςμὴ λυπρὰ μηδὲ καρδίας δηκτήριαἐξιστορῆσαι, σοὶ μὲν εἰρῆσθαι χρεών,ἡμᾶς δ’ ἀκοῦσαι τοὺς ἐρωτῶντας τάδε.

εἰ δ’ ἔστι τοῖςδούλοισιτοὺς ἐλευθέρους

μὴ λυπρὰ μηδὲ καρδίας δηκτήρια

ἐξιστορῆσαι, σοὶ μὲν εἰρῆσθαι χρεών,

ἡμᾶς δ’ ἀκοῦσαι τοὺς ἐρωτῶντας τάδε.

Potter thus—

“But mayslavesbe permitted of the freeTo ask—I mean no rudeness, no reproach—But may we ask? And wilt thou answer us?”

“But mayslavesbe permitted of the freeTo ask—I mean no rudeness, no reproach—But may we ask? And wilt thou answer us?”

“But mayslavesbe permitted of the freeTo ask—I mean no rudeness, no reproach—But may we ask? And wilt thou answer us?”

“But mayslavesbe permitted of the free

To ask—I mean no rudeness, no reproach—

But may we ask? And wilt thou answer us?”

247.——τί δῆτ’ ἔλεξας, δούλος ὤν ἐμὸς τότε;

Potter—“What didst thou say, when thou wast then myslave?”

Idem, 291—

νόμος δ’ εν ὑμῖν τοῖς τ’ ἐλευθέροις ἴσοςκαὶ τοῖσιδούλοιςαἵματος κεῖται πέρι.

νόμος δ’ εν ὑμῖν τοῖς τ’ ἐλευθέροις ἴσοςκαὶ τοῖσιδούλοιςαἵματος κεῖται πέρι.

νόμος δ’ εν ὑμῖν τοῖς τ’ ἐλευθέροις ἴσοςκαὶ τοῖσιδούλοιςαἵματος κεῖται πέρι.

νόμος δ’ εν ὑμῖν τοῖς τ’ ἐλευθέροις ἴσος

καὶ τοῖσιδούλοιςαἵματος κεῖται πέρι.

Potter thus—

“The laws of bloodAre equal to usslaves, and you our lords.”

“The laws of bloodAre equal to usslaves, and you our lords.”

“The laws of bloodAre equal to usslaves, and you our lords.”

“The laws of blood

Are equal to usslaves, and you our lords.”

331.——αἰαῖ· τὸδοῦλονὡς κακὸν πεφυκέναι.

“Ah well, how great the evil to have become aslave!”

356.——νῦν δ’ εἰμὶδούλη.

“But I am now a slave.”

Idem, 365—

λέχη δε τἀμαδοῦλοςὠνητός πόθενχρανεῖ.

λέχη δε τἀμαδοῦλοςὠνητός πόθενχρανεῖ.

λέχη δε τἀμαδοῦλοςὠνητός πόθενχρανεῖ.

λέχη δε τἀμαδοῦλοςὠνητός πόθεν

χρανεῖ.

“And then, a female stewardess, a slave purchased somewhere, shall defile my bed.”

Idem, 444—

αὔρα, ποντιὰς αὔρα,ἅτε ποντοπόρους κομίζειςθοὰς ἀκάτους ἐπ’ οἶδμα λίμνας,ποῖ με τὰν μελέαν πορεύσεις;τῷδουλόσυνοςπρὸς οἶκονκτηθεῖσ’ ἀφίξομαι;ἤ Δωρίδος ὅρμον αἴας,ἤ Φθιάδος.

αὔρα, ποντιὰς αὔρα,ἅτε ποντοπόρους κομίζειςθοὰς ἀκάτους ἐπ’ οἶδμα λίμνας,ποῖ με τὰν μελέαν πορεύσεις;τῷδουλόσυνοςπρὸς οἶκονκτηθεῖσ’ ἀφίξομαι;ἤ Δωρίδος ὅρμον αἴας,ἤ Φθιάδος.

αὔρα, ποντιὰς αὔρα,ἅτε ποντοπόρους κομίζειςθοὰς ἀκάτους ἐπ’ οἶδμα λίμνας,ποῖ με τὰν μελέαν πορεύσεις;τῷδουλόσυνοςπρὸς οἶκονκτηθεῖσ’ ἀφίξομαι;ἤ Δωρίδος ὅρμον αἴας,ἤ Φθιάδος.

αὔρα, ποντιὰς αὔρα,

ἅτε ποντοπόρους κομίζεις

θοὰς ἀκάτους ἐπ’ οἶδμα λίμνας,

ποῖ με τὰν μελέαν πορεύσεις;

τῷδουλόσυνοςπρὸς οἶκον

κτηθεῖσ’ ἀφίξομαι;

ἤ Δωρίδος ὅρμον αἴας,

ἤ Φθιάδος.

Potter—

“Tell me, ye gales, ye rising gales,That lightly sweep along the azure plain,Whose soft breath fills the swelling sails,And wafts the vessel dancing o'er the main;Whither, ah! whither will ye bearThis sickening daughter of despair?What proud lord’s rigour shall theslavedeplore,On Doric or on Phthian shore?”

“Tell me, ye gales, ye rising gales,That lightly sweep along the azure plain,Whose soft breath fills the swelling sails,And wafts the vessel dancing o'er the main;Whither, ah! whither will ye bearThis sickening daughter of despair?What proud lord’s rigour shall theslavedeplore,On Doric or on Phthian shore?”

“Tell me, ye gales, ye rising gales,That lightly sweep along the azure plain,Whose soft breath fills the swelling sails,And wafts the vessel dancing o'er the main;Whither, ah! whither will ye bearThis sickening daughter of despair?What proud lord’s rigour shall theslavedeplore,On Doric or on Phthian shore?”

“Tell me, ye gales, ye rising gales,

That lightly sweep along the azure plain,

Whose soft breath fills the swelling sails,

And wafts the vessel dancing o'er the main;

Whither, ah! whither will ye bear

This sickening daughter of despair?

What proud lord’s rigour shall theslavedeplore,

On Doric or on Phthian shore?”

495.——αὕτη δὲδούλη, γραῦς, ἄπαις, ἐπὶ χθονι κεῖται, κόνει φύρουσα δύστηνον κάρα.

Potter—

“Herself aslave, old, childless, on the ground She lies, and soils her hoar head in the dust.”

741.——

ἀλλ’ ἔι μεδούληνπολεμίαν θ’ ἡγούμενοςγονάτων ἀπώσαιτ’, ἄλγος αὖ προσθείμεθ’ ἄν

ἀλλ’ ἔι μεδούληνπολεμίαν θ’ ἡγούμενοςγονάτων ἀπώσαιτ’, ἄλγος αὖ προσθείμεθ’ ἄν

ἀλλ’ ἔι μεδούληνπολεμίαν θ’ ἡγούμενοςγονάτων ἀπώσαιτ’, ἄλγος αὖ προσθείμεθ’ ἄν

ἀλλ’ ἔι μεδούληνπολεμίαν θ’ ἡγούμενος

γονάτων ἀπώσαιτ’, ἄλγος αὖ προσθείμεθ’ ἄν

Potter—

“But should he treat me as aslave, a foe,And spurn me, I should add to my afflictions.”

“But should he treat me as aslave, a foe,And spurn me, I should add to my afflictions.”

“But should he treat me as aslave, a foe,And spurn me, I should add to my afflictions.”

“But should he treat me as aslave, a foe,

And spurn me, I should add to my afflictions.”

757.——

οὐ δῆτα· τοὺς κακοὺς δὲ τιμωρουμένη,αἰῶνα τὸν ξύμπανταδουλεῦσαιθέλω.

οὐ δῆτα· τοὺς κακοὺς δὲ τιμωρουμένη,αἰῶνα τὸν ξύμπανταδουλεῦσαιθέλω.

οὐ δῆτα· τοὺς κακοὺς δὲ τιμωρουμένη,αἰῶνα τὸν ξύμπανταδουλεῦσαιθέλω.

οὐ δῆτα· τοὺς κακοὺς δὲ τιμωρουμένη,

αἰῶνα τὸν ξύμπανταδουλεῦσαιθέλω.

Potter—

“Not freedom, but revenge; revenge on baseness:Grant me revenge, and let me die aslave.”

“Not freedom, but revenge; revenge on baseness:Grant me revenge, and let me die aslave.”

“Not freedom, but revenge; revenge on baseness:Grant me revenge, and let me die aslave.”

“Not freedom, but revenge; revenge on baseness:

Grant me revenge, and let me die aslave.”

798.——ἡμεῖς μὲν οὖνδοῦλοίτε κἀσθενεῖς ἴσως.

Potter—“But we areslaves, but we perchance are weak

809.——τύραννος ἦν ποτ’, ἀλλὰ νῦνδούλησέθεν.

Potter—“Erewhile I was a queen, but now a slave.”

Idem, 864—

οὐκ ἕστι θνητῶν ὅστις ἔστ’ ἐλεύθερος·ἢ χρημάτων γὰρδοῦλοςἐστιν ἢ τύχης,ἢ πλῆθος αὐτὸν πόλεος ἢ νόμων γραφαὶεἴργουσι χρῆσθαι μὴ κατὰ γνώμην τρόποις

οὐκ ἕστι θνητῶν ὅστις ἔστ’ ἐλεύθερος·ἢ χρημάτων γὰρδοῦλοςἐστιν ἢ τύχης,ἢ πλῆθος αὐτὸν πόλεος ἢ νόμων γραφαὶεἴργουσι χρῆσθαι μὴ κατὰ γνώμην τρόποις

οὐκ ἕστι θνητῶν ὅστις ἔστ’ ἐλεύθερος·ἢ χρημάτων γὰρδοῦλοςἐστιν ἢ τύχης,ἢ πλῆθος αὐτὸν πόλεος ἢ νόμων γραφαὶεἴργουσι χρῆσθαι μὴ κατὰ γνώμην τρόποις

οὐκ ἕστι θνητῶν ὅστις ἔστ’ ἐλεύθερος·

ἢ χρημάτων γὰρδοῦλοςἐστιν ἢ τύχης,

ἢ πλῆθος αὐτὸν πόλεος ἢ νόμων γραφαὶ

εἴργουσι χρῆσθαι μὴ κατὰ γνώμην τρόποις

Potter—

“Vain is the boast of liberty in man:A slave to fortune or a slave to wealth,Or by the people or the laws restrained,He dares not act the dictates of his will.”

“Vain is the boast of liberty in man:A slave to fortune or a slave to wealth,Or by the people or the laws restrained,He dares not act the dictates of his will.”

“Vain is the boast of liberty in man:A slave to fortune or a slave to wealth,Or by the people or the laws restrained,He dares not act the dictates of his will.”

“Vain is the boast of liberty in man:

A slave to fortune or a slave to wealth,

Or by the people or the laws restrained,

He dares not act the dictates of his will.”

1252.——

oimoi, gynaikos, hôs eoich', hêssômenosdoulês, hyphexô tois kakiosin dikên.

oimoi, gynaikos, hôs eoich', hêssômenosdoulês, hyphexô tois kakiosin dikên.

oimoi, gynaikos, hôs eoich', hêssômenosdoulês, hyphexô tois kakiosin dikên.

oimoi, gynaikos, hôs eoich', hêssômenos

doulês, hyphexô tois kakiosin dikên.

Potter—

“What! from these wretches shall I suffer thus,Defeated by a woman and aslave?”

“What! from these wretches shall I suffer thus,Defeated by a woman and aslave?”

“What! from these wretches shall I suffer thus,Defeated by a woman and aslave?”

“What! from these wretches shall I suffer thus,

Defeated by a woman and aslave?”

Phœnissæ, line 94.——ὡςδούλω,as a slave.

189.——δουλείανπεριβαλών.

“To lead inslavery.”

192.——δουλοσύναντλαίην.

“To suffer slavery.”

205.——Φοίβωδούλα. “Slave to Phœbus.”

1606.——ἀλλὰδουλεῦσαιτέ με—Πολύβον, &c.

“Slave to Polybus,” &c.

Orestes, line 221.——ἰδοὺ τὸδούλευμ’ἡδύ, κοὐκ ἀναίνομαι.

Idem, 715—

——νῦν δ’ ἀναγκαίως ἔχειδούλοισινεἶναι τοῖς σοφοῖσι τῆς τύχης.

——νῦν δ’ ἀναγκαίως ἔχειδούλοισινεἶναι τοῖς σοφοῖσι τῆς τύχης.

——νῦν δ’ ἀναγκαίως ἔχειδούλοισινεἶναι τοῖς σοφοῖσι τῆς τύχης.

——νῦν δ’ ἀναγκαίως ἔχει

δούλοισινεἶναι τοῖς σοφοῖσι τῆς τύχης.

937.——ἤ γυναιξὶδουλεύεινχρεών.

Potter—“Vileslavesto your wives.”

1115.——οὐδὲν τὸδοῦλονπρὸς τὸ μὴδοῦλονγένος.

Such was the reply of Pylades to his friend Orestes, in reference to the Phrygian slave; and we shall close our quotations from this remarkable tragic poet, with an interview between Orestes and one of these Phrygian slaves.

Line 1522—

Orestes.Δοῦλοςὤν φοβεῖ τὸν Ἁΐδην, ὅς σ’ ἀπαλλάξει κακῶν;ΐSlave.Πᾶς ἀνὴρ, κἂνδοῦλοςᾖ τις, ἥδεται τὸ φῶς ὁρῶν.

Potter—

Orestes.“Fears aslavedeath, the end of all his ills?

Slave.“To slave or free, sweet is the light of heaven.”

Alcestes, line 638—

δουλίουδ’ ἀφ’ αἵματοςμαστῷ γυναικὸς σῆς ὑπεβλήθην λάθρα.

δουλίουδ’ ἀφ’ αἵματοςμαστῷ γυναικὸς σῆς ὑπεβλήθην λάθρα.

δουλίουδ’ ἀφ’ αἵματοςμαστῷ γυναικὸς σῆς ὑπεβλήθην λάθρα.

δουλίουδ’ ἀφ’ αἵματος

μαστῷ γυναικὸς σῆς ὑπεβλήθην λάθρα.

Potter—“But, the base offspring of someslave, thy wife stole me, and put me to her breast.”

We find the following in a short notice of the life of Isocrates, by Dionysius of Halicarnassus.

Page 23.——διδάσκει δ’ ὡς οὐ Μεσσηνίοις τοῖς οὐκετ’ οὖσιν, ἀλλὰδούλοιςκαὶεἵλωσινὁρμητηριον καὶ καταφυγὴν παρέξουσι τὴν πόλιν.

Also, page 26.——δουλευειγὰρ ἡ διάνοια πόλλακις τῷ ῥυθμῷ τε λέξεως, καὶ τῶν κομψοῦ λείπεται τὸ ἀληθινὸν.

Idem, 35.——ἡμεῖς δεκαταδούλευμενοι, καὶ τᾀναντια τοῖς τότε πράττοντες.

Idem, 36.——καὶ τότε μὲν εἰ τριήρεις πληροῖεν, τοὺς μὲν ξένους καὶ τούςδούλουςναύτας εἰσεβίβαζον, τούς δε πολίτας μεθ’ ὅπλων ἐξέπεμπον.

Isocrates, (Cantabrigigiæ, 1686,) Orat. ad Demonicum, page 52—ἐν δὲ τοῖς τερπνοῖς, ἄν αἰσχρὸν ὑπολάβῃς, τῶν μὲν οἰκετῶν ἄρχειν, ταῖς δι’ ἡδοναῖςδουλεύειν.

Ad Nicoclem, p. 74.——καὶ τοῦτο ἡγοῦ βασιλικώτατον ἐάν μηδεμίᾳδουλεύηςτῶν ἡδονων, ἀλλὰ κρατῇς τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν μᾶλλον ἤ τῶν πολιτῶν.

Panegyricus, p. 121.——τῶν δὲ βαρβάρων οἵ βουλομένοικαταδουλώσασθαιτοὺς Ἑλλήνας, ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς πρώτους ἰόντες.

Idem, 133.——ἧροῦντο δὲ τῶνεἱλώτωνἐνίοιςδουλεύειν, ὥστε εἰς τὰς ἑαυτῶν πατρίδας ὑβρίζειν.

Idem, 137.——νῦν δὲ εἰς τοσαύτηνδουλείανκαθεστώτων.

Idem.——μέγιστον δε τῶν κακῶν, ὅταν ὑπὲρ αὐτης τεδουλείαςἀναγκάζωνται συστρατεύεσθαι.

Idem.——κατορθώσαντες δὲ μᾶλλον εἰς τὸν ἐπίλοιπον χρόνονδουλεύσουσιν.

Idem, 144.——πρός μὲν τὸν πόλεμον ἐκλελύμενος, πρὸς δὲ τὴνδουλείανἄμεινον τῶν παρ’ ἡμῖν οἰκετῶν πεπαιδευμένος.

Idem.——ἅπαντα δὲ τὸν χρόνον διάγουσιν, ὡς μέν τοὺς ὑβρίζοντες, τοῖς δὲδουλεύοντες.

Idem, 150.——Σικελία δὲκαταδεδούλωται.

Idem, 151.——ὡς ὑπὲρ τούτωνδουλεύεινἠναγκασμέναι.

Idem, 153.——δημοσία δε τοσούτους τῶν συμμάχων περιορᾷν αὐτοιςδουλεύοντας.

Orat. ad Philippum, p. 161.——ζητεῖν δὲ ἐκείνους τοὺς τόπους τοὺς πόῤῥω μὲν κειμένους τῶν ἄρχειν δυναμένων, ἐγγὺς δὲ τῶνδουλεύεινεἰθισμένων.

Archidamus, p. 235.——νῦν καὶ τὴν τῶνδούλωνπαῤῥησίαν ὑπομένοντας φαίνεσθαι.

De Pace, sive Socialis, page 281.——καὶ τοτε μὲν εἔ τριήρεις πληροῖεν, τοὺς μὲν ξένους καὶ τοὺςδούλουςναύτας εἰσεβίβαζον.

Idem, p. 280.——ὑμεῖς δέκαταδουλούμενοι.

Idem, p. 306.——μὴδουλείαςἀλλά σωτηρίας αὐτοῖς αἰτίαν γενέσθαι.

Evagoras, p. 310.——οὐ μὲνδουλεύτεον.

Idem, p. 320.——τοὺς μὲν φίλους ταῖς εὐεργεσίαις ὑπ’ αὐτῷ ποιούμενος τοὺς δέ ἄλλους τῇ μεγαλοψυχίακαταδουλούμενος.

Idem, p. 326.——οἱ δέ Ἕλληνες ἀντίδουλείαςαὐτονομίαν ἔσχον Ἀθηναῖοι δὲ τοσαῦτον ἐπέδοσαν.

Panathenaicus, p. 396.——οὕς μὲν ἐλευθερώσειν ὡμολόγησανκατεδουλώσαντομᾶλλον ἥ τοὺς εἵλωτας.

Idem, p. 400.——καὶ τὸ μη δικαίως τῶν ἄλλων ἄρχειν μᾶλλον ἤ φεύγοντας τὴν αἰτίαν ταύτην, ἀδίκως Λακεδαιμονίοιςδουλεύειν.

Idem, p. 412.——τοὺς δὲ ἄλλους Ἑλλήναςκαταδουλώσασθαιπρὸς μὲν τοιοῦτον κρατίσασαι ῥαδίως ἄν αὐτου.

Idem, p. 418.——καταδουλωσαμένους.

Plataicus, p. 459.——οἵ μὲν οὐδὲν ἧττον τῶν ἀργυρωνήτωνδουλεύουσιν.

Idem.——τε δὲ τῶν ἄλλωνδουλείαςαὐτους κυρίους καθιστᾶσι.

Idem, p. 463.——δουλεὐειν.

Idem, p. 465.——δουλευουσῶν.

Idem, p. 466.——ἀλλὰ πολλοὺς μὲν μικρῶν ἕνεκα συμβουλαίωνδουλεύοντας, ἄλλους δὲ ἐπὶ θητείαν ἴοντας.

Orat. de Permutatione, p. 493.——τὴν δε τῷ γένει τῆς σωτηρίας αἰτίαν οὖσαν,δουλεύειναὐτοις ἀξιοῦν.

Idem, p. 494.——τῶν δέ βαρβάρων οἱ βουλόμενοικαταδουλοῦσθαιτοὺς Ἑλλήνας.

Idem, p. 502.——τοῖς δ’ ἄλλοις τὴνδουλείαναἱρουμένοις.

Idem.——οὕτω καὶ τῶν πόλεων ταις ὑπερεχούσαις λυσιτελεῖν λεῖν ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἀφανισθῆναι μᾶλλον ἤδούλαςὀφθῆναι γενομένας.

Idem.——ὥστε μὴ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν αἴτιον γενήσθαι τίδουλείας.

Idem, p. 510.——ἡμεῖς δέκαταδουλούμενοι.

Idem, p. 511.——τοὺς μὲν ξένους καὶ τοὺςδούλους.

De Bigis, p. 530.——τοὺς πολίτας ἰδεῖνδουλεύοντας.

Epistolæ: to Philip, p. 611.——ἅ Ξέρξη τε τῷκαταδουλώσασθαιτοὺς Ἕλληνας βουληθέντι.

To Jason, a freedman, p. 629.——καὶ τὰς τιμὰς ἡδίους νομίζω τὰς παρὰ τῶν μέγα φρονούντων, ἤ τὰς παρὰ τῶνδουλευόντων.

But if it shall be objected, that by these writers the wordδουλος,doulos, and its derivatives are used in a figurative sense, since these writers all exhibit minds deeply excited, or used all language with poetic license; we think such objection unfounded, so far as it alleges that they have used this word in an unusual manner, or have attributed to it any other sense than was attributed to it by all the Greeks.

Nevertheless, we propose now to present this word as it was used by Thucydides, Herodotus, and Xenophon, against whose use no cavil can be made; and we now fear not to assert that their use of this word will be in the most strict accordance with the authors already examined.

Plutarch, who was somewhat disposed to criticize other authors, speaking of Thucydides, expresses the idea that he wrote in such a manner that the reader saw the picture of what he represented. (See hisDe Gloria Atheniensium.) Plutarch was then clearly of opinion that the language of Thucydides was most appropriately accurate.

We here premise, that we shall not presume to offer our own translation to the extract we propose to make from Thucydides. From the many that have been made, we have selected that of the Rev. Dr. William Smith, of the cathedral of Chester, England,and concerning whom it may be proper to say a word. He translated Longinus with great accuracy and beauty. The Weekly Miscellany of Dec. 8th, 1739, says of this translation, “It justly deserves the notice and thanks of the public.” Father Phillips says, 1756, “A late English translation of the Greek critic, by Mr. Smith, is a credit to the author, and reflects lustre on Longinus himself.” Laudits of this work will fill a volume. In 1753 he translated Thucydides, and was directly created a doctor of divinity,—and we find in his epitaph now in the cathedral of Chester, “as a scholar his reputation is perpetuated by his valuable publications, particularly his correct and eloquent translations of Longinus, Thucydides, and Xenophon.” We have been thus minute that it may be known with what spirit we prepare this work.

The Peloponnesian War,by Thucydides.

Book i. chap. 8.Οἵ τε ἥσσους ὑπέμενον τὴν τῶν κρεισσόνωνδουλείαν.

“And the great, who had all needful supplies at hand, reduced less powerful cities into their ownsubjection.”

At that age of the world, when one city was conquered by another, all were reduced to slavery, unless by the especial favour of the conqueror. In this instance it would have been more literal to our present idiom to have used the termslavery, instead ofsubjection; because now there has grown up a wide distinction between the mere subjugating and enslaving.

Chap. 16.Κῦρος καὶ ἡ Περσικὴ βασιλεια, Κροῖσον καθελοῦσα, καὶ ὅσα ἐντὸς Ἅλυος ποταμοῦ πρὸς θάλασσαν, ἐπεστράτευσε, καὶ τὰς ἐν τῇ ἠπείρω πόλεις ἐδούλωσε.

“For Cyrus, after he had completed the conquest of Crœsus, and all the country which lieth between the river Halys and the sea, invaded them, and enslaved their towns upon the continent.”

Chap. 18.Δεκάτω δὲ ἔτει μετ’ αὐτην αὖθις ὁ βάρβαρος τῷ μεγάλω στόλῳ ἐπὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδαδουλωσόμενοςἦλθε.

“And in the tenth year after that, the barbarian, with a vast armament, invaded Greece in order toenslaveit.”

Chap. 34.Οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ τῷδοῦλοι, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τῷ ὅμοιοι τοῖς λειπομένοις εἶναι, ἐκπέμπονται.

“They are not sent out to be theslaves, but to be the equals of those who remain behind.”

Chap. 55.Καὶ τῶν Κερκυραίων ὀκτακοσίους μὲν, οἵ ἦσανδοῦλοι, ἀπέδοντο.

“Eight hundred of their Corcyrean prisoners, who wereslaves, they sold at public sale.”

Chap. 68.Νῦν δὲ τί δεῖ μακρηγορεῖν, ὧν τοὺς μὲνδεδουλωμένουςὁπᾶτε.

“But now, what need can there be of multiplying words, when some you already seeenslaved.”

Chap. 69.Ἐς τόδε τε ἀεὶ ἀποστεροῦντες οὐ μόνον τοὺς ὑπ’ ἐκείνων δεδουλωμένους ἐλευθερίας, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοὺς ὑμετέρους ἤδη ξυμμάχους. οὐ γὰρ ὁδουλωσάμενοςἀλλ’ ὁ δυνάμενος μὲν παῦσαι, περιορῶν δὲ, ἀληθέστερον αὐτὸ δρᾷ.

“Ever since you have connived at liberty overthrown, not only in whatever communities they have proceeded to enslave, but now where even your own confederates are concerned. For not to the men who rivet on the chains ofslavery, but to such as, though able, yet neglect to prevent it, ought the sad event with truth to be imputed.”

Chap. 74.Τῶν ἄλλων ἤδη μέχρι ἡμῶνδουλευόντων, &c.

“And every state alreadyenslaved,” &c.

Chap. 81.Οὕτως εἰκὸς, Ἀθηναίους φρονήματι, μήτε τῇ γῇδουλεῦσαι, μήτε ὥσπερ ἀπείρους καταπλαγῆναι τῷ πολέμῳ.

“It is by no means consistent with the spirit of Athenians to beslavesto their soil, or, like unpractised soldiers, to shudder at war.”

Chap. 98.Πρώτη τε αὕτη πόλις ξυμμαχὶς παρὰ τὸ καθεστηκὸςἐδουλώθη.

“This was the first confederate state which wasenslavedto gratify their aspiring ambition.”

Chap. 101.Πλεῖστοι δὲ τῶν Εἱλώτων ἐγένοντο οἱ τῶν παλαιῶν Μεσσηνίων τότεδουλωθέντωνἀπόγονοι· ᾗ καὶ Μεσσήνιοι ἐκλήθησαν οἱ πάντες.

“Most Of the Helots were descendants of the ancient Messenians, then reduced toslavery, and on this account all of them in general were called Messenians.”

Chap. 103.Ἤν δέ τις ἁλίσκηται, τοῦ λαβόντος εἶναιδοῦλον.

“What if any one of them be ever found there, he should be made theslaveof whoever apprehended him.”

Chap. 121.Εἰ οἱ μὲν εκείνων ξύμμαχοι ἐπίδουλείατῇ αὐτῶν φέροντες οὐκ ἀπεροῦσιν.

“Which rivetslaveryon themselves,” &c.

Chap. 122.Καὶ τὴν ἧσσαν, εἰ καὶ δεινόν τῷ ἀκοῦσαι, ἴστω οὐκ ἄλλο τι φέρουσαν ἣ ἄντικρυςδουλείαν.

“Such a triumph, how grating soever the bare mention of it may be to any of your ears, yet be it known, can and is nothing else but plain and openslavery.”

Chap. 124.Καὶ τοὺς νῦνδεδουλωμένουςἝλληνας, ἐλευθερώσωμεν.

“And shall immediately recover liberty for those Grecians who are alreadyenslaved.”

Chap. 138.Καὶ τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ ἐλπίδα, ἣν ὑπετίθει αὐτῷδουλώσειν.

“As the hope be suggested to him ofenslavingGreece.”

Chap. 141.Τὴν γὰρ αὐτὴν δύναταιδούλωσιν.

“The very same tendency to make themslaves.”

Book ii. chap. 61.Δουλοῖγὰρ φρόνημα τὸ αἰφνίδιον καὶ ἀπροσδοκητον, καὶ τὸ πλείστω παραλόγῳ ξυμβαῖνον.

“Accidents sudden and unforeseen, and so opposite to that event you might reasonably have expected,enslavethe mind.”

Chap. 63.Μηδὲ νομίσαι περὶ ἑνὸς μόνου,δουλειαςἀντ’ ἐλευθερίας.

“Think not you have only one point at stake, the alternative ofslaveryinstead of freedom.”

Idem.Οὐδὲ ἐν ἀρχούσῃ πόλει ξυμφέρει, ἀλλ’ ἐν ὑπηκόῳ ἀσφαλῶςδουλεύειν.

“Slavery is never to be endured by a state that once hath governed. Such a situation can be tolerable only to that which has ever been dependent.”

Chap. 71.Στρατεῦσαί τε μηδένα ποτὲ ἀδίκως επ’ αὐτοὺς, μηδ’ ἐπὶδουλείᾳ.

“That no one should unjustly make war on them, or endeavour toenslavethem.”

Idem.Ἐπὶδουλείᾳτῇ ἡμετέρα ἥκετε.

“Are come hither toenslaveus,” &c.

Chap. 78.Καὶ ἄλλος οὐδεὶς ἦν τῷ τείχει, οὔτεδοῦλος, οὔτε ἐλεύθερος.

“Nor was there any other portion within the wall, eitherslaveor free.”

Book iii. chap. 10.Ξύμμαχοι μέντοι ἐγενόμεθα οὐκ ἐπὶκαταδουλώσειτῶν Ἑλλήνων Ἀθηναίοις.

“We made an alliance with the Athenians—not toenslavethe rest of Greece to the Athenians.”

Idem.Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἑωρῶμεν αὐτοὺς τὴν μὲν τοῦ Μήδου ἔχθραν ἀνιέντας, τὴν δὲ τῶν ξυμμάχωνδούλωσινἐπαγομένους, οὐκ ἀδεεῖς ἕτι ἦμεν. ἀδύνατοι δὲ ὄντες καθ’ ἕν γενόμενοι, διά πολυψηφίαν ἀμύνασθαι, οἱ ξύμμαχοιἐδουλώθησαν, πλὴν ἡμῶν καὶ Χίων.

“But when we perceived that they relaxed in their zeal against the Mede, and were grown earnest in rivetingslaveryupon allies, we then began to be alarmed. It was impossible, where so many parties were to be consulted, to unite together in one body of defence; and thus all the allies fell intoslaveryexcept ourselves and the Chians.”

Chap. 38.Δοῦλοιὄντες τῶν ἀεὶ ἀτόπων, ὑπερόπται δὲ τῶν εἰωθότων.

“Slaves as you are to whatever trifles happen always to be in vogue, and looking down with contempt on tried and experienced methods.”

Chap. 56.Ἐν ἐκείνω δὲ τῷ καιρῷ, ὅτε πᾶσιδουλείανἐπέφερεν ὁ βἁρβαρος, οἵδε μετ’ αὐτου ἦσαν.

“But at that season, when the barbarians struck atenslavingus all, these Thebans were then the barbarians’ coadjutors.”

Chap. 58.Πρὸς δὲ, καὶ γῆν, ἐν ᾗ ἠλευθερώθησαν οἱ Ἕλληνες, δουλώσετε;

“Will you furtherenslavethe spot on which the Grecians earned their liberty?”

Chap. 63.Τοὺς μὲν,καταδουλουμένουςτὴν Ἑλλάδα, τοὺς δὲ, ἐλευθεροῦντας.

“The Athenians truly haveenslavedyour country; and the others would regain its freedom.”

Chap. 64.Ἀπελείπετε γὰρ αὐτὴν, καὶ παραβὰντες,ξυγκατεδουλοῦσθεμᾶλλον Αἰγινήτας, καὶ ἄλλους τινὰς τῶν ξυνομοσάντων, ἤ διεκωλύετε.

“You renounced, you violated first the oaths, which rather concurred toenslavethe Æginetæ and some other people of the same association, than endeavoured to prevent it.”

Chap. 70.Ὑπάγουσιν αὐτον οὗτοι οἱ ἄνδρες εἰς δίκην, λέγοντες Ἀθηναίοις τὴν Κέρκυρανκαταδουλοῦν.

“And therefore against him the accomplices prefer an accusation, as plotting how to subject Corcyra to Athenianslavery.”

Chap. 71.Δράσαντες δὲ τοῦτο, καὶ ξυγκαλέσαντες Κερκυραίους, εἶπον ὅτι ταῦτα καὶ βέλτιστα εἴη, καὶ ἥκιστ’ ἄνδουλωθεῖενὑπ’ Ἀθηναίων.

“After this bold assassination, they summoned the Corcyreans to assemble immediately, where they justified their proceedings as most highly for the public good, and the only expedient of preventing Athenianslavery.”

Chap. 73.Τῇ δ’ ὑστεραίᾳ ἠκροβολίσαντό τε ὀλίγα, καὶ ἐς τοὺς ἀγροὺς περιέπεμπον ἀμφότεροι, τοὺςδούλουςπαρακαλοῦντες τε, καὶ ἐλευθερίαν ὑπισχνούμενοι. καὶ τῷ μὲν δήμῳ τῶν οἰκετῶν τὸ πλῆθος παρεγένετο ξύμμαχον, τοῖς δ’ ἐτέροις ἐκ τῆς ἠπείρου ἐπίκουροι ὀκτακόσιοι.

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