Chapter 8

Dipodomys ordii priscusHoffmeister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55:167, December 31, 1942.

Perodipus longipes, Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat, Hist., 8:246, November, 1896 (part—the part from Kinney Ranch, Wyoming).

Perodipus montanus richardsoni, Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 33:141, August 17, 1911 (part—the part from Lay, Colorado).

Periodipus[Dipodomys]ordii luteolus, Svihla, Journ. Mamm.; 12:262, August, 1931 (part—the part from Linwood, Utah).

Type.—Male, no. 89119, Mus. Vert. Zool., Univ. California; Kinney Ranch, 21 mi. S Bitter Creek, 7100 ft., Sweetwater County, Wyoming; obtained on September 16, 1939, by Donald T. Tappe, original no. 766.

Range.—Southwestern Wyoming, extreme northeastern Utah and northwestern Colorado; marginal occurrences are: in Wyoming, 7 mi. N Ft. Washakie and 10 mi. SW Granger; in Colorado, Lay and Snake River south of Sunny Peak.

Diagnosis.—Size medium (see measurements). Color light, entire dorsal surface between (c) Light Ochraceous-Buff and Ochraceous-Buff, purest on sides, flanks and cheeks; upper parts slightly suffused with black; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, grayish to blackish in different individuals. Skull medium in size; rostrum long and narrow; nasals long; auditory bullae relatively narrow and skull long, giving appearance of much narrower skull than is actually the case; zygomata weak; upper incisors moderately wide at cutting edge.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii uintensis,D. o. priscusdiffers as follows: Hind foot longer; color lighter in all pigmented areas, and skull smaller in all measurements taken.

FromDipodomys ordii sanrafaeli,D. o. priscusdiffers in: Color decidedly less red in upper parts; ventral stripe of tail not continuous to end of pencil; nasals longer; auditory bullae less inflated.

For comparisons withDipodomys ordii luteolusandDipodomys ordii terrosussee accounts of those subspecies.

Remarks.—The characters of this subspecies are stable throughout most of its geographic range. It is not known to intergrade with adjacent forms. One specimen, a male, available from the Snake River, south of Sunny Peak, Colorado, however, is not typical ofD. o. priscus, in that it has a wider and deeper rostrum than any other specimen from the entire range. BetweenD. o. priscusandD. o. luteolus, the skull, but not the color, provides diagnostic differences.

The Red Desert of Wyoming is mostly sandy but there are large exposures of rock and gravel. At the type locality ofD. o. priscusrockier soil predominates but is interspersed with stabilized sand dunes where the kangaroo rats are abundant. Traps set on the rocky soils, in a continuous line between the dunes, yielded no kangaroo rats.

Kangaroo rats in the area of the Kinney Ranch, Wyoming, apparently form a good source of food for owls, since many bones (jaws and limb elements) were found in owl pellets at the bases of cliffs approximately 5 miles northeast of the ranch buildings.

Specimens examined.—Total, 72, distributed as follows:

Wyoming:Fremont County: 7 mi. N Fort Washakie, 1 (USBS); Fort Washakie, 1 (USBS); Wind River, 1 (USBS).Sweetwater County: Eden, 1 (USBS); 5 mi. E Rock Springs, 1 (UM); 10 mi. SW Granger, 13 (UM); Bitter Creek, 9 (6 AMNH; 3 CNHM); Kinney Ranch, 21 mi. S Bitter Creek, 18 (MVZ); Shell Creek, 25 mi. S Bitter Creek, 3 (CM); 30 mi. S Bitter Creek, 3 (KU); 33 mi. S Bitter Creek, 8 (KU).Carbon County: 20 mi. W Baggs, 2 (USBS).

Utah:Daggett County: E bank Green River, 4 mi. E Linwood, 4 (CM).

Colorado:Moffat County: Snake River, south of Sunny Peak, 1 (USBS); 20 mi. NW Sunbeam, 4 (CM); Bear River, Lay, 1 (USBS).Rio Blanco County: W side White River, 1 mi. N Rangely, 1 (CM).

Dipodomys ordii celeripesDurrantandHall, Mammalia, 3:10, March, 1939.

Dipodomys ordii columbianus,Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 37:5, April 10, 1931.

Type.—Male, adult, no. 1956, Museum of Zoology, University of Utah; Trout Creek, 4600 ft., Juab County, Utah; obtained on May 5, 1937, by Stephen D.Durrant, original no. 1168.

Range.—Eastern Nevada, western and west-central Utah, east to eastern Sevier County, Utah; marginal occurrences are: in Nevada, Tecoma, Cobre and 8 mi. SE Mt. Moriah; in Utah, E side Clear Lake, U. B. (Yuba) Dam, 10 mi. SW Nephi, and Trout Creek.

Diagnosis.—Size small (see measurements). Color pale, entire dorsal surface Pinkish Buff, purest on sides, flanks and cheeks, with but slight suffusion of black in upper parts; pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, brownish. Skull small; rostrum relatively short and wide; nasals relatively short; lacrimal processes small; braincase but slightly vaulted; auditory bullae but little inflated; interorbital region narrow; styloid processes project on ventral surface of auditory bullae beyond middle of external auditory meatus; zygomatic arches robust and bowed laterally; pterygoid fossae ovoid.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii marshalli,D. o. celeripesdiffers as follows: Size smaller, hind foot longer, tail shorter; color lighter; skull smaller; rostrum wider and shorter; interorbital region narrower; auditory bullae less inflated; lacrimal processes smaller; palate shorter; pterygoid fossae larger.

FromDipodomys ordii cinderensis,D. o. celeripesdiffers as follows: Size smaller, tail shorter; color lighter; rostrum wider and shorter; nasals shorter; interorbital width less; auditory bullae less inflated; foramen magnum wider and shorter; pterygoid fossae more circular.

FromDipodomys ordii columbianus,D. o. celeripesdiffers in: Size smaller; color lighter; rostrum wider and shorter; interorbital width less; interparietal region wider; auditory bullae, generally, less inflated; upper incisors longer and more robust; pterygoid fossae larger.

For comparisons withDipodomys ordii fetosus,Dipodomys ordii pallidusandDipodomys ordii panguitchensissee accounts of those subspecies.

Remarks.—It appears that wherever the range ofD. o. celeripesmeets that of an adjoining race, intergradation occurs freely. Practically all of the Nevadan specimens referable to this subspecies are intergrades withDipodomys ordii columbianusin size and color. Specimens from west of Delta, Utah, are intermediate in size betweenDipodomys ordii pallidusandD. o. celeripesbut their cranial characters are more as inD. o. celeripes. Intergrades withDipodomys ordii utahensisare discussed under the account of that subspecies.

The characters differentiatingD. o. celeripesfrom any contiguous subspecies are not present in every specimen even in the type series.

Specimens examined.-Total, 96, distributed as follows:

Nevada:Elko County: 13 mi. N Montello, 5000 ft., 2 (MVZ); 1-1/2 mi. N Tecoma, 4900 ft., 6 (MVZ); Tecoma, 4900 ft., 8 (MVZ); Cobre, 6100 ft., 3 (MVZ); Salt Springs, 4200 ft., 1 (MVZ).White Pine County: 2 mi. W Smith Creek Cave, 6300 ft., Mt. Moriah, 2 (MVZ); Hendry Creek, 8 mi. SE Mt. Moriah, 6200 ft., 1 (MVZ).

Utah:Tooele County: Clifton Flat, 7 mi. SW Gold Hill, 6149 ft., 4 (UU); Parrish Ranch, 5 mi. N Ibapah, 5175 ft., 1 (UU); Ibapah, 5000 ft., 23 (UU).Juab County: Trout Creek, 4600 ft., 21 (19 UU; 1 USAC; 1 MVZ); 20 mi. SW Nephi, 2 (UU); U. B. (Yuba) Dam, Sevier River, 5000 ft., 10 (UU).Millard County: 4 mi. S Gandy, 5000 ft., 1 (MVZ); Smith Creek, 6 mi. S Gandy, 5400 ft., 2 (MVZ); Hendry Creek, 5000 ft., 17 mi. S Gandy, 4 (MVZ); Oak City, 5000 ft., 1 (UU); White Valley, 60 mi. W Delta, 1 (UU); 35 mi. W Delta, 1 (UU); East side Clear Lake, 4600 ft., 4 (3 UU; 1 USAC); 2 mi. E Clear Lake, 4600 ft., 2 (UU).

Dipodomys ordii cineraceusGoldman, Journ. Mamm., 20:352, August 14, 1939.

Type.—Male, no. 263890, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv. Coll.; Dolphin Island, Great Salt Lake, 4250 ft., Box Elder County, Utah; obtained on June 4, 1938, by William H.Marshall, original no. 57.

Range.—Dolphin Island, Great Salt Lake, Utah.

Diagnosis.—Size medium (see measurements). Color pale, upper parts near Pale Pinkish Buff, but lightly washed with black, purest on sides and flanks; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, brownish. Skull medium in size; rostrum short; nasals relatively short; interparietal region relatively wide; auditory bullae but slightly inflated.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii utahensis,D. o. cineraceusdiffers in: Size smaller; color lighter; nasals longer; auditory bullae larger; total length of skull greater.

FromDipodomys ordii marshalli,D. o. cineraceusdiffers in: Size smaller; color darker; skull larger in all measurements taken.

Remarks.—The raceD. o. cineraceusalong withDipodomys microps russeolusis found on Dolphin Island, Great Salt Lake, Utah. Dolphin Island is connected with the mainland by a bar that could allow animals from the island to disperse onto the mainland. There are no animals from the mainland, however, that are referable toD. o. cineraceusor toD. m. russeolus. The animals available from the mainland, at Kelton, although geographically near Dolphin Island, are referable toD. o. marshalliand toD. m. bonnevillei. The paucity of material from the mainland, adjacent to Dolphin Island, may be significant. Future trapping in this area is needed before we can be certain thatD. o. cineraceusis isolated.

Specimens examined.—Total, 2, both from Utah, as follows:Box Elder County: Dolphin Island, Great Salt Lake, 4250 ft., 2 (USNM).

Dipodomys ordii marshalliGoldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 50:223, December 28, 1937.

Type.—Female, adult, no. 262655, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv. Coll.; Bird Island, Great Salt Lake, 4,300 ft., Tooele County, Utah; obtained on June 22, 1937, by W. H.Marshall, X-catalog no. 27969.

Range.—Bird, Carrington, Badger and Stansbury islands, Great Salt Lake; around western edge of Great Salt Lake north to Kelton, Box Elder County, Utah; around southern and southeastern edge of the lake to mouth of the Jordan River; marginal occurrences are: all in Utah, Kelton, 2 mi. W Grantsville, 14 mi. W Salt Lake City and Bird Island, Great Salt Lake.

Diagnosis.—Size medium (see measurements). Color pale, entire dorsal surface near Pinkish Buff, purest on sides, flanks and cheeks with but slight suffusion of black on upper parts; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, and dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, brownish. Skull medium in size; rostrum narrow and long; pterygoid fossae ovoid; cutting edge of upper incisors narrow; external auditory meatus round and small; jugal straight or nearly so.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii pallidus,D. o. marshallidiffers in: Hind foot smaller; color darker, arietiform markings more distinct; dorsal and ventral stripes of tail more pronounced; skull smaller; palate shorter and wider; jugals lighter; external auditory meatus smaller; cutting edge of upper incisors narrower; nasals shorter and less flared distally.

FromDipodomys ordii utahensis,D. o. marshallidiffers in: Size smaller; color lighter; skull smaller, except least interorbital width and depth of auditory bullae which are greater; cutting edge of upper incisors narrower; nasals less flared distally.

For comparison withDipodomys ordii celeripessee account of that subspecies.

Remarks.—This subspecies was described from Bird Island, Great Salt Lake, and was thought byMarshall(1940:153), who collected the specimens, to be restricted to that island. However, specimens taken over a period of years on the nearby mainland, by students from the University of Utah, are referable to this subspecies. Although these animals from the mainland are referable toD. o. marshalli, they have some characteristics ofD. o. utahensisfrom the eastern and southern mainland. Four specimens from Kelton, also on the mainland, are not typical ofD. o. marshalli; nevertheless, more than half of their characters of taxonomic worth are as inD. o. marshallito which the animals are referred.

Great Salt Lake has not been so effective in isolating the animals living on the islands as heretofore has been thought. After these supposedly isolated kinds of animals from Great Salt Lake were named, some other workers have shown several of the kinds to haveextensive ranges on the mainland. Some of the kinds ranging also on the mainland are:Dipodomys ordii marshalli,Dipodomys microps subtenuisandPeromyscus crinitus pergracilis. Of the animals named from the islands, I suppose that those which require the semiarid habitat found in this area will all be found to have large ranges on the adjacent mainland and that each of the kinds of animals which do not require the above habitat, and which lived in this region during the Pleistocene, will be found to be restricted to the island from which it was named.

Specimens examined.—Total, 47, all from Utah, distributed as follows:Box Elder County: Kelton, 4300 ft., 7 (5 MVZ; 2 UU).Tooele County: 2 mi. W Grantsville, 1 (CAS); Bird Island, Great Salt Lake, 4300 ft., 1 (USNM); Carrington Island, Great Salt Lake, 4300 ft., 1 (USNM); Stansbury Island, Great Salt Lake, 4300 ft., 10 (6 UU; 4 USNM).Salt Lake County: 18 mi. W Salt Lake City, 4260 ft., 16 (UU); 17 mi. W Salt Lake City, 4320 ft., 7 (UU); 16 mi. W Salt Lake City, 4300 ft., 3 (UU); 14 mi. W Salt Lake City, 4300 ft., 1 (UU).

Dipodomys ordii inaquosusHall, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 54:58, May 20, 1941.

Type.—Male, adult, no. 73580, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California; 11 mi. E and 1 mi. N Jungo, 4,200 ft., Humboldt County, Nevada; obtained on July 26, 1936, by Ward C. Russell, original no. 5026.

Range.—Southeastern Humboldt and northern Lander counties, Nevada; marginal occurrences, all in Nevada, are: 7 mi. N Winnemucca, 8 mi. E and 1 mi. N Jungo, 15 mi. SW Winnemucca, 23 mi. NW Battle Mountain, Izenhood, and 18 mi. NE Iron Point.

Diagnosis.—Size medium (see measurements). Color pale, entire dorsal surface Pinkish Buff, purest on sides and flanks with but slight suffusion of black on the upper parts; cheeks white; arietiform marks indistinct, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, brownish. Skull medium in size; rostrum short and wide; nasals relatively long and expanded distally; braincase but slightly vaulted; interorbital width narrow; extension of premaxillae posterior to nasals relatively great; interparietal relatively large; pterygoid fossae subcircular; foramen magnum ovoid; auditory bullae relatively greatly expanded ventrally.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii columbianus,D. o. inaquosusdiffers as follows: Size larger; color lighter; skull larger; nasals longer; rostrum longer and wider; interorbital region narrower; braincase more vaulted; interparietal larger; auditory bullae more inflated ventrally; pterygoid fossae subcircular as opposed to nearly circular; zygomatic arches more robust.

FromDipodomys ordii monoensis,D. o. inaquosusdiffers in: Size larger; color lighter; skull larger; nasals longer; rostrum wider; interorbital width greater; braincase more vaulted; auditory bullae more inflated laterally, ventrally and posteriorly; interparietal region narrower; pterygoid fossae subcircular as opposed to circular; lacrimal processes larger; foramen magnum ovoid as opposed to circular.

Remarks.—In pallorD. o. inaquosusclosely approachesDipodomys ordii celeripesfrom eastern Nevada and western Utah. The two populations are separated, however, by a large area inhabited by the darkerDipodomys ordii columbianus. Specimens from 18 mi. NE Iron Point, Nevada, whichHall(1946:413) refers toD. o. columbianus, are intergrades in color, size and cranial characters and here are referred toD. o. inaquosusinstead of toD. o. columbianus. Animals from Toulon are intergrades betweenD. o. inaquosusandDipodomys ordii monoensisbut are referable to the latter.

Specimens examined.—Total, 47, all from Nevada, distributed as follows:Humboldt County: 18 mi. NE Iron Point, 4600 ft., 1 (MVZ); 7 mi. N Winnemucca, 4400 ft., 4 (MVZ); 1 mi. N Winnemucca, 4600 ft., 8 (MVZ); 5 mi. NE Golconda, 7 (MVZ); 3 mi. SW Winnemucca, 4500 ft., 1 (MVZ); 4 mi. SW Winnemucca, 4500 ft., 1 (MVZ); 5 mi. SW Winnemucca, 4600 ft., 2 (MVZ); 8 mi. E and 1 mi. N Jungo, 4200 ft., 6 (MVZ); 11 mi. E and 1 mi. N Jungo, 4200 ft., 7 (MVZ); 10 mi. SW Winnemucca, 4500 ft., 1 (MVZ); 23 mi. NW Battle Mountain, 4 (MVZ).Pershing County: 15 mi. SW Winnemucca, 1 (MVZ).Lander County: Izenhood, 2 (MVZ); 3 mi. S Izenhood, 2 (MVZ).

Dipodomys ordii attenuatusBryant, Occas. Papers, Museum of Zool., Louisiana State Univ., no. 5:65, November 10, 1939.

Type.—Male, no. 80429, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California; Mouth of Santa Helena Canyon, 2146 ft., Big Bend of the Rio Grande, Brewster County, Texas; obtained on November 19, 1938, by Adrey E. Borell, original no. 5581.

Range.—Big Bend region of Brewster County, Texas.

Diagnosis.—Size small (see measurements). Color light, entire dorsal surface between Pinkish Buff and Pinkish Cinnamon, purest on sides and flanks, upper parts but lightly mixed with black; cheeks and narrow outer margin of ear, pure white; arietiform markings absent; pinnae of ears, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, brownish; plantar surfaces of hind feet, blackish. Skull small; rostrum long and narrow; nasals short; interparietal longer than wide; auditory bullae longer than deep.

Comparisons.—Compared withDipodomys ordii ordii,D. o. attenuatusdiffers in: Size smaller; color lighter; skull smaller; nasals thinner; rostrum narrower; auditory bullae less inflated.

FromDipodomys ordii richardsoni,D. o. attenuatusdiffers in smaller size and lighter color. Skull smaller in all respects.

For comparison withDipodomys ordii sennettisee account of that subspecies.

Fig. 27.

Fig. 27.Known occurrences and probable geographic range of the subspecies ofDipodomys ordiiin the northwestern fourth of the range of the species.9.D. o. panguitchensis20.D. o. fetosus28.D. o. inaquosus10.D. o. uintensis21.D. o. utahensis31.D. o. longipes11.D. o. sanrafaeli22.D. o. columbianus32.D. o. pallidus12.D. o. fremonti24.D. o. priscus33.D. o. nexilis13.D. o. monoensis25.D. o. celeripes34.D. o. cupidineus17.D. o. chapmani26.D. o. cineraceus19.D. o. cinderensis27.D. o. marshalli

Remarks.—This small race ofDipodomys ordiiwas known formerly only from the type locality. This study has shown it to range northward and slightly westward. At four places, 6, 20, and 47 miles south of Marathon and 10 miles west of San Vicente, Texas, this race can be said to be typical, in that specimens from these places agree with those from the type locality. At two other localities, 5 miles east of Toyahvale and Kent, Texas, animals show an intergrading tendency towardDipodomys ordii ordii. The animals from these latter places are darker colored and are intermediate in size and cranial characters. Since these animals show more resemblance toD. o. ordiiin the majority of characters they are referred to that race, rather than toD. o. attenuatus.

Specimens examined.—Total, 14, all from Texas, distributed as follows:Brewster County: 6 mi. S Marathon, 1 (USBS); 20 mi. S Marathon, 1 (USBS); Cooper's Well, 47 mi. S Marathon, 4 (MVZ); 10 mi. W San Vicente, 1 (UM); Johnson's Ranch, Big Bend Rio Grande, 4 (2 TCWC; 2 UM); mouth Santa Helena Canyon, 3 (1 TCWC; 2 MVZ).

Type.—Male, adult, no. 93886, U. S. Nat. Mus., Biol. Surv. Coll.; Juamave, Tamaulipas, Mexico; obtained on June 3, 1898, by E. W. Nelson and E. A.Goldman, original no. 12437.

Range.—Nuevo León, extreme northern Zacatecas, Tamaulipas and northern San Luis Potosí, Mexico; marginal occurrences are: Coahuila, La Ventura; Tamaulipas, Tula, Juamave and Nuevo Laredo.

Diagnosis.—Size medium (see measurements). Color dark, entire dorsal surface (a) between Cinnamon-Buff and Clay Color, purest on sides, flanks and cheeks, upper parts strongly suffused with black; posterior surfaces and fold of pinnae of ears, white; arietiform markings, plantar surfaces of hind feet, inside of pinnae of ears, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, blackish. Skull of medium size; nasals relatively short; interorbital width narrow; auditory bullae relatively as well as actually greatly inflated posteriorly, laterally and ventrally; braincase vaulted; zygomatic arches light and straight; pterygoid fossae ovoid; rostrum short and wide.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii palmeri,D. o. fuscusdiffers in: Size larger; color lighter; skull larger; rostrum shorter and wider; interorbital width less; nasals shorter; auditory bullae more expanded laterally, posteriorly and ventrally; interparietal region narrower; pterygoid fossae more circular; upper incisors wider at cutting edge; zygomatic arches straight rather than bowed laterally.

FromDipodomys ordii obscurus,D. o. fuscusdiffers as follows: Size larger; color lighter; skull larger; rostrum wider and shorter; interorbital region wider; width across maxillary arches greater; auditory bullae more expanded laterally, posteriorly and ventrally; zygomatic arches light and straight instead of heavy and bowed laterally; pterygoid fossae more nearly circular; braincase more vaulted; foramen magnum smaller.

FromDipodomys ordii ordii,D. o. fuscusdiffers in: Size larger; color darker; skull larger; rostrum shorter and wider; nasals short and more flared distally; interorbital width greater; auditory bullae more inflated posteriorly, laterally and ventrally; interparietal region narrower; width across maxillary arches greater; pterygoid fossae larger and more nearly circular; braincase more vaulted.

FromDipodomys ordii sennetti,D. o. fuscuscan be distinguished by largersize, longer tail, darker color, and cranially by larger auditory bullae, longer nasals, wider interorbital region and greater width across maxillary arches.

Remarks.—This dark subspecies ofDipodomys ordiiis most closely allied toDipodomys ordii palmerifrom, which it can be distinguished by the characters set forth under comparisons.

It seems that the Rio Grande serves as a barrier to the dispersal southward of kangaroo rats from the north side and vice versa.D. o. fuscusranges from the type locality to Nuevo Laredo and has not been found on the north side of the river, being replaced there, up-river, byDipodomys ordii mediusand down-river byDipodomys ordii sennetti.

Specimens examined.—Total, 53, distributed as follows:

Coahuila: San Juan Neponuceno, 5 mi. N La Ventura, 4 (MVZ); La Ventura, 7 (USBS).

Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, 2 (USBS); Miquihuana, 14 (4 USBS; 9 MVZ; 1 AMNH); Juamave, 8 (USBS); Tula, 5 (UM); 3 mi. N Lulú, 5 (MVZ): Lulú, 8 (MVZ).

Dipodops longipesMerriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 3:72, September 11, 1890.

Perodipus ordii, Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:71, April 28, 1893 (part—the part from Bluff, Utah).

Cricetodipus longipes, Trouessart, Catalogus Mammalium, 1:581, 1897.

Perodipus longipes, Elliot, Field Columbian Museum, Zool. Ser., 2:239, 1901.

Perodipus ordii longipes,Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 30:113, May 23, 1917.

Dipodomys ordii longipes,Grinnell, Journ. Mamm., 2:96, May 2, 1921.

Dipodomys ordii cleomophilaGoldman, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci., 23:469, October 15, 1933, type from 5 miles northeast of Winona, Coconino County, Arizona.

Type.—Male, no. 17703/24639, U. S. Nat. Mus. Dept. Agric. Coll.; foot of Echo Cliffs, Painted Desert, Arizona; obtained on September 22, 1889, by C. Hart Merriam, original no. 512.

Range.—Southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona to immediately south of the Little Colorado River, northwestern New Mexico and extreme southwestern Colorado; marginal occurrences are: in Arizona, 20 mi. NE Lees Ferry, Foot Echo Cliffs in Painted Desert, 5 mi. NE Winona, Winslow and Holbrook; in New Mexico, 10 mi. SW Quemado, Riley, Laguna, Chama Canyon and Shiprock.

Diagnosis.—Size large (see measurements). Color dark, entire dorsal surface between (16") Pinkish Cinnamon and Cinnamon-Buff, purest on sides and flanks with but slight suffusion of black on upper parts; cheeks white; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, brownish. Skull large; rostrum long and narrow; nasals long and thin; auditory bullae greatly inflated; styloid processes project on ventral surface of auditory bullae beyond middle of external auditory meatus.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii chapmani,D. o. longipesdiffers as follows: Size larger; color lighter; skull larger in all measurements taken; auditory bullae much more inflated.

FromDipodomys ordii cupidineus,D. o. longipesdiffers in: Size larger; color lighter; rostrum longer and narrower; nasals longer; interorbital width greater; breadth across zygomatic processes of maxillae greater; auditory bullae more inflated; zygomatic arches heavier and more bowed laterally.

For comparisons withDipodomys ordii mediusandDipodomys ordii nexilissee accounts of those subspecies.

Remarks.—The large reddishDipodomys ordii longipesis notably distinct from those subspecies which have adjoining ranges. The subspecies closest, geographically and morphologically, isDipodomys ordii nexiliswith whichD. o. longipesintergrades, in size of body and color of pelage, north of the San Juan River, Utah. This intergradation is probably the result of a migration ofD. o. longipesaround the head waters of, or above the place in, the river where there is constantly flowing water. It is probably impossible for these animals to cross a constantly flowing stream as wide as the San Juan is in its lower reaches. The San Juan River, however, in 1896, and again in 1934, was so low that it ceased to flow below Aneth (Gregory, 1938:6, 19). Consequently, at these times,Dipodomyscould have crossed the river from one side to the other, at least above the Goosenecks. Intergradation is noted also withDipodomys ordii mediusat Chama Canyon, New Mexico, where the color is like that ofD. o. medius, although the cranial characters are as inD. o. longipes; specimens from Chama Canyon are referred to the latter. Ten miles southwest of Quemado and at Riley, New Mexico, intergradation withDipodomys ordii ordiioccurs in the shape of the nasals and the intermediate size of the skull. In color and external measurements these animals more closely resembleD. o. longipes.

Goldman(1933:469) describedDipodomys ordii cleomophilafrom 5 miles northeast of Winona, Coconino County, Arizona, and gave as distinctive characters "upper parts distinctly darker, ... black facial markings more distinct; skull slightly different." These comparative statements were made in reference toDipodomys ordii longipes. While it is true that the animals whichGoldmanexamined are darker and show some slight cranial differences, these animals, in my opinion, are not sufficiently distinct to warrant their separation fromD. o. longipes. In the degree of expansion of the auditory bullae, the width of the rostrum, the length of the nasals and interorbital width, animals from 5 miles northeast of Winona (2 specimens) are within the range of individual variation shown byD. o. longipes. The color is darker, being more as inDipodomys ordii chapmani. Specimens examinedfrom 10 miles north of Angell, Springerville, Tanner Tank and Cedar Ranch Wash, Arizona (listed byGoldmanas referable toD. o. cleomophila), and those from Wupatki Ruins, Arizona, agree withD. o. longipesexcept that the width across the maxillary arches is greater. This greater width across the maxillary arches and the darker color of animals from Winona and Wupatki Ruins, in my opinion, afford insufficient basis for the recognition of the subspeciesDipodomys ordii cleomophilaGoldmanwhich, therefore, is placed as a synonym ofDipodomys ordii longipes(Merriam).

Specimens examined.—Total, 244, distributed as follows:

Utah:San Juan County: 1 mi. N Bluff, 3500 ft., 1 (UU); 1/2 mi. N Bluff, 3300 ft., 7 (UU); Bluff, 2 (UU); Johns Canyon, San Juan River, 5150 ft., 2 (UU).

Arizona:Coconino County: 20 mi. NE Lees Ferry, 1 (USNM); 2 mi. S Endische, 2 (MVZ); 2 mi. SE Endische Spring, Navajo Mountain, 1 (MVZ); 1/2 mi. W Navajo Spring, Echo Cliffs, 4 (MVZ); 5 mi. S Navajo Mountain, 2 (MVZ); 7 mi. SE Navajo Mountain, 1 (MVZ); Moa Vae, 10 (MVZ); 2 mi. S Grand Canyon Bridge, 1 (USBS); Tuba, 4 (1 USBS; 3 AMNH); 12 mi. above mouth of Moencopi Wash, 2 (USBS); 14 mi. NW Cedar Ridge, 1 (USBS); 5 mi. N Cameron, 1 (MVZ); Painted Desert, 6 mi. NE Cameron, 1 (MVZ); 5 mi. E Little Colorado River on Tuba road, 2 (MVZ); Cameron, 4200 ft., 17 (8 LACM; 9 MVZ); Wupatki Ruins, 4 (MVZ); Deadmans Flat, 6400 ft., NE San Francisco Mt., 3 (MVZ); 3 mi. NW Winona, 4 (USBS); 5 mi. NE Winona, 2 (USBS); 10 mi. N Angell, Walnut Tank, 8 (USBS); Cedar Ranch Wash, 3 mi. above mouth, 5 (USBS); Tanner Tank, 2 (USBS); Tanners Crossing, Painted Desert, 1 (USBS).Navajo County: Right fork, Segi-ot-Sosie Canyon, 11 mi. NW Kayenta, 2 (MVZ); Bat Woman Canyon, 13 mi. W Kayenta, 1 (MVZ); Kayenta, 4 (USBS); Segi Canyon, 12 mi. WSW Kayenta, 1 (MVZ); Segi Canyon, 13 mi. WSW Kayenta, 1 (MVZ); Oraibi, 6000 ft., 9 (4 USBS; 5 MVZ); Walpi, 2 (USBS); Keam Canyon, 12 (6 USBS; 3 USNM; 3 MVZ); Winslow, 6 (USBS); Zuni Well, 7-1/2 mi. N Adamana, 9 (MVZ); Holbrook, 10 (USBS); Long Canyon, 3 (AMNH); Bubbling Springs, 2 (AMNH).Apache County: Dinnehotso, 5000 ft., 3 (MVZ); Lukachukai, 1 (USBS); Chin Lee, 6 (USBS); 9 mi. SW Chin Lee, 1 (USBS); 7 mi. from mouth, Canyon de Chelly, 1 (USBS); Fort Defiance, 2 (USNM); Ganado, 1 (USBS); Springerville, 2 (USBS); 3 mi. SE Springerville, 5 (USBS); unspecified, 4 (2 USBS; 2 USNM); Trash Tank, Grand Canyon, 2 (USBS).

New Mexico:San Juan County: Ship Rock, 4 (USBS); Fruitland, 9 (USBS); Blanco, 1 (USBS); Chaco Canyon National Monument, 4 (MVZ).Rio Arriba County: Chama Canyon, 1 (USBS).McKinley County: 2 mi. W Mariano Lake, 3 (MVZ); Gallup, 6 (USBS); Wingate, 6 (USBS); Thoreau, 2 (USBS); Zuni River, 1 (USBS).Sandoval County: Juan Tafoya, 1 (USBS).Valencia County: 8 mi. SE Grants, 7 (UM); 9 mi. SSE Grants, 5 (UM); 2-1/2 mi. E El Morro P. O., Zuni Mts., 1 (LACM); Laguna, 1 (USBS); Laguna Indian Reservation, 7 (LACM).Catron County: Cougar Ranch, NE Adams Diggings, 1 (CAS); 10 mi. SW Quemado, 1 (USBS).Socorro County: 1 mi. S Bernardo, 1 (MVZ); Riley, 1 (USBS).

Dipodomys ordii pallidusDurrant and Setzer, Bull. Univ. Utah, 35 (no. 26):24, June 30, 1945.

Type.—Male, adult, no. 3526, Museum of Zoology, University of Utah; Old Lincoln Highway, 18 mi. SW Orr's Ranch in Skull Valley, 4,400 ft., Tooele County, Utah; obtained on June 6, 1940, by S. D.Durrant, original no. 1905.

Range.—Low valleys of west-central Utah in Tooele, Juab and Millard counties; marginal occurrences are: all in Utah, 18 mi. SW Orr's Ranch, 7 mi. S Fish Springs, Hinckley and Lynndyl.

Diagnosis.—Size medium (see measurements). Color light, entire dorsal surface Light Pinkish Cinnamon, purest on sides and flanks, with but slight suffusion of black on upper parts; cheeks white; arietiform markings, pinnae of ears, plantar surfaces of hind feet, dorsal and ventral stripes of tail, brownish. Skull large; auditory bullae long, wide and well inflated; external auditory meatus elongate with a notch on the dorsal border; nasals long and flaring distally.

Comparisons.—FromDipodomys ordii celeripes,D. o. pallidusdiffers in: Size larger; color generally darker, although some specimens are lighter; skull larger; nasals longer and more flared distally; interorbital width greater; auditory bullae larger; external auditory meatus larger.

FromDipodomys ordii fetosus,D. o. pallidusdiffers in: Size larger; color lighter; ventral stripe of tail indistinct as opposed to pronounced; skull larger; nasals longer and more flared distally; auditory bullae larger; external auditory meatus larger; palate shorter and broader.

For comparisons withDipodomys ordii marshalliandDipodomys ordii utahensissee accounts of those subspecies.

Remarks.—Among named subspecies ofDipodomys ordii,D. o. pallidusmost closely resembles, morphologically,D. a. marshalli, its nearest geographic neighbor to the north and east. Intergradation withDipodomys ordii utahensisis noted in color and intermediacy of body size of specimens from Clover Creek. The majority of cranial characters, however, show these animals to be referable toD. o. utahensisrather than toD. o. pallidus. Specimens taken at Lynndyl and Hinckley show intergradation in size of body, length and configuration of the nasals and the degree of inflation of the auditory bullae betweenDipodomys ordii celeripesandD. o. pallidus. The majority of characters studied show these latter animals to be referable toD. o. pallidus. Specimens from 35 and 60 miles west of Delta, in size of body and shape and inflation of the auditory bullae, are intermediate betweenD. o. pallidusandD. o. celeripes. These specimens are here referred toD. o. celeripes.

Specimens examined.—Total, 34, all from Utah, distributed as follows:Tooele County: Old Lincoln Highway, 18 mi. SW Orr's Ranch in Skull Valley, 4400 ft., 9 (UU).Juab County: Fish Springs, 4400 ft., 4 (UU); 7 mi. S Fish Springs, 4400 ft., 4 (UU).Millard County: 1 mi. N Lynndyl, 4768 ft., 5 (UU); Lynndyl, 4768 ft., 1 (UU); Hinckley, 4600 ft., 11 (UU).

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