*Germany, Economy
Industries:western:among world's largest producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals,machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics; food and beverageseastern:metal fabrication, chemicals, brown coal, shipbuilding, machine building,food and beverages, textiles, petroleum refiningAgriculture:western:accounts for about 2% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); diversifiedcrop and livestock farming; principal crops and livestock include potatoes,wheat, barley, sugar beets, fruit, cabbage, cattle, pigs, poultry; netimporter of food; fish catch of 202,000 metric tons in 1987eastern:accounts for about 10% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); principalcrops - wheat, rye, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, fruit; livestock productsinclude pork, beef, chicken, milk, hides and skins; net importer of food;fish catch of 193,600 metric tons in 1987Illicit drugs:source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processorsEconomic aid:western:donor - ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $75.5 billioneastern:donor - $4.0 billion extended bilaterally to non-Communist less developedcountries (1956-89)Currency:1 deutsche mark (DM) = 100 pfennigeExchange rates:deutsche marks (DM) per US$1 - 1.6158 (January 1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595(1991), 1.6157 (1990), 1.8800 (1989), 1.7562 (1988)Fiscal year:calendar year
*Germany, Communications
Railroads:western:31,443 km total; 27,421 km government owned, 1.435-meter standard gauge(12,491 km double track, 11,501 km electrified); 4,022 km nongovernmentowned, including 3,598 km 1.435-meter standard gauge (214 km electrified)and 424 km 1.000-meter gauge (186 km electrified)eastern:14,025 km total; 13,750 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 275 km 1.000-meter orother narrow gauge; 3,830 (est.) km 1.435-meter standard gauge double-track;3,475 km overhead electrified (1988)Highways:western:466,305 km total; 169,568 km primary, includes 6,435 km autobahn, 32,460 kmnational highways (Bundesstrassen), 65,425 km state highways(Landesstrassen), 65,248 km county roads (Kreisstrassen); 296,737 km ofsecondary communal roads (Gemeindestrassen)eastern:124,604 km total; 47,203 km concrete, asphalt, stone block, of which 1,855km are autobahn and limited access roads, 11,326 km are trunk roads, and34,022 km are regional roads; 77,401 km municipal roads (1988)Inland waterways:western:5,222 km, of which almost 70% are usable by craft of 1,000-metric-toncapacity or larger; major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel Canal isan important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Seaeastern:2,319 km (1988)Pipelines:crude oil 3,644 km; petroleum products 3,946 km; natural gas 97,564 km(1988)Ports:coastal - Bremerhaven, Brunsbuttel, Cuxhaven, Emden, Bremen, Hamburg, Kiel,Lubeck, Wilhelmshaven, Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Sassnitz; inland - 31major on Rhine and Elbe riversMerchant marine:565 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,928,759 GRT/6,292,193 DWT; includes5 short-sea passenger, 3 passenger, 303 cargo, 10 refrigerated cargo, 134container, 28 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 5 railcar carrier, 7 barge carrier, 9oil tanker, 21 chemical tanker, 17 liquefied gas tanker, 5 combinationore/oil, 6 combination bulk, 12 bulk; note - the German register includesships of the former East and West Germany; during 1991 the fleet underwentmajor restructuring as surplus ships were sold offAirports:total:499usable:492with permanent-surface runways:271with runways over 3,659 m:5with runways 2,440-3,659 m:59 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:67
*Germany, Communications
Telecommunications:western:highly developed, modern telecommunication service to all parts of thecountry; fully adequate in all respects; 40,300,000 telephones; intensivelydeveloped, highly redundant cable and microwave radio relay networks, allcompletely automatic; broadcast stations - 80 AM, 470 FM, 225 (6,000repeaters) TV; 6 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 12Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT antennas, 2 Indian Ocean INTELSAT antennas,EUTELSAT, and domestic systems; 2 HF radiocommunication centers;tropospheric linkseastern:badly needs modernization; 3,970,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 23 AM,17 FM, 21 TV (15 Soviet TV repeaters); 6,181,860 TVs; 6,700,000 radios; 1satellite earth station operating in INTELSAT and Intersputnik systems
*Germany, Defense Forces
Branches:Army, Navy, Air ForceManpower availability:males age 15-49 20,295,655; fit for military service 17,577,570; reachmilitary age (18) annually 411,854 (1993 est.)Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - $42.4 billion, 2.2% of GDP (1992)
*Ghana, Geography
Location:Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean between Cote d'Ivoire andTogoMap references:Africa, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:238,540 km2land area:230,020 km2comparative area:slightly smaller than OregonLand boundaries:total 2,093 km, Burkina 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 kmCoastline:539 kmMaritime claims:contiguous zone: 24 nmcontinental shelf:200 nmexclusive economic zone:200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:noneClimate:tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid insouthwest; hot and dry in northTerrain:mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central areaNatural resources:gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubberLand use:arable land:5%permanent crops:7%meadows and pastures:15%forest and woodland:37%other:36%Irrigated land:80 km2 (1989)Environment:recent drought in north severely affecting marginal agricultural activities;deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; dry, northeasterly harmattan wind(January to March)Note:Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake
*Ghana, People
Population:16,699,105 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:3.12% (1993 est.)Birth rate:44.66 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:12.52 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:-1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:84.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:55.19 yearsmale: 53.27 yearsfemale:57.17 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:6.21 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Ghanaian(s)adjective:GhanaianEthnic divisions:black African 99.8% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga8%), European and other 0.2%Religions:indigenous beliefs 38%, Muslim 30%, Christian 24%, other 8%Languages:English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe,and Ga)Literacy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990)total population:60%male:70%female:51%Labor force:3.7 millionby occupation:agriculture and fishing 54.7%, industry 18.7%, sales and clerical 15.2%,services, transportation, and communications 7.7%, professional 3.7%note:48% of population of working age (1983)
*Ghana, Government
Names:conventional long form:Republic of Ghanaconventional short form:Ghanaformer:Gold CoastDigraph:GHType:constitutional democracyCapital:AccraAdministrative divisions:10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern,Upper East, Upper West, Volta, WesternIndependence:6 March 1957 (from UK)Constitution:new constitution approved 28 April 1992Legal system:based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsoryICJ jurisdictionNational holiday:Independence Day, 6 March (1957)Political parties and leaders:National Democratic Congress, Jerry John Rawlings; New Patriotic Party,Albert Adu BOAHEN; People's Heritage Party, Alex Erskine; various othersmaller partiesSuffrage:universal at 18Elections:President:last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held NA)National Assembly:last held 29 December 1992 (next to be held NA)Executive branch:president, cabinetLegislative branch:unicameral National AssemblyJudicial branch:Supreme CourtLeaders:Chief of State and Head of Government:President Jerry John RAWLINGS (since 3 November 1992)Member of:ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO,ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM,UNPROFOR, UNTAC, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador Dr. Joseph ABBEYchancery:3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone:(202) 686-4520consulate general:New York
*Ghana, Government
US diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Ambassador Kenneth L. BROWNembassy:Ring Road East, East of Danquah Circle, Accramailing address:P. O. Box 194, Accratelephone:[233] (21) 775348, 775349, 775295 or 775298FAX: [233] (21) 776008Flag:three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a largeblack five-pointed star centered in the gold band; uses the popularpan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has acoat of arms centered in the yellow band
*Ghana, Economy
Overview:Supported by substantial international assistance, Ghana has beenimplementing a steady economic rebuilding program since 1983, includingmoves toward privatization and relaxation of government controls. Heavilydependent on cocoa, gold, and timber exports, economic growth so far has notspread substantially to other areas of the economy. The costs of sendingpeacekeeping forces to Liberia and preparing for the transition to ademocratic government have boosted government expenditures and undercutstructural adjustment reforms. Ghana opened a stock exchange in 1990.Meanwhile, declining world commodity prices for Ghana's exports has placedthe government under severe financial pressure.National product:GDP - exchange rate conversion - $6.6 billion (1992 est.)National product real growth rate:3.9% (1992 est.)National product per capita:$410 (1992 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):10% (1992 est.)Unemployment rate:10% (1991)Budget:revenues $1.0 billion; expenditures $905 million, including capitalexpenditures of $200 million (1991 est.)Exports:$1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1992)commodities:cocoa 45%, gold, timber, tuna, bauxite, and aluminumpartners:Germany 29%, UK 12%, US 12%, Japan 5%Imports:$1.4 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.)commodities:petroleum 16%, consumer goods, foods, intermediate goods, capital equipmentpartners:UK 23%, US 11%, Germany 10%, Japan 6%External debt:$4.6 billion (1992 est.)Industrial production:growth rate 4.6% in manufacturing (1991); accounts for almost 15% of GDPElectricity:1,180,000 kW capacity; 4,490 million kWh produced, 290 kWh per capita (1991)Industries:mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum, food processingAgriculture: accounts for about 50% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); the majorcash crop is cocoa; other principal crops - rice, coffee, cassava, peanuts,corn, shea nuts, timber; normally self-sufficient in foodIllicit drugs:illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug tradeEconomic aid:US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $455 million; Western (non-US)countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.6 billion; OPECbilateral aid (1979-89), $78 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $106millionCurrency:1 cedi (C) = 100 pesewasExchange rates:ceolis per US$1 - 437 (July 1992)
*Ghana, Economy
Fiscal year: calendar year
*Ghana, Communications
Railroads:953 km, all 1.067-meter gauge; 32 km double track; railroads undergoingmajor renovationHighways:32,250 km total; 6,084 km concrete or bituminous surface, 26,166 km gravel,laterite, and improved earth surfacesInland waterways:Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation forlaunches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feederwaterwaysPipelines:nonePorts:Tema, TakoradiMerchant marine:6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 59,293 GRT/78,246 DWT; includes 5cargo, 1 refrigerated cargoAirports:total:10usable:9with permanent-surface runways:5with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:2with runways 1,220-2,439 m:6Telecommunications:poor to fair system handled primarily by microwave radio relay links; 42,300telephones; broadcast stations - 4 AM, 1 FM, 4 (8 translators) TV; 1Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
*Ghana, Defense Forces
Branches:Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force, Civil DefenseManpower availability:males age 15-49 3,766,073; fit for military service 2,105,865; reachmilitary age (18) annually 171,145 (1993 est.)Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - $30 million, less than 1% of GDP (1989 est.)
*Gibraltar, Header
Affiliation: (dependent territory of the UK)
*Gibraltar, Geography
Location:Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links theNorth Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, on the southern coast ofSpainMap references:Africa, EuropeArea:total area:6.5 km2land area:6.5 km2comparative area:about 11 times the size of the Mall in Washington, DCLand boundaries:total 1.2 km, Spain 1.2 kmCoastline:12 kmMaritime claims:exclusive fishing zone:3 nmterritorial sea:3 nmInternational disputes:source of occasional friction between Spain and the UKClimate:Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summersTerrain:a narrow coastal lowland borders The RockNatural resources:negligibleLand use:arable land:0%permanent crops:0%meadows and pastures:0%forest and woodland:0%other:100%Irrigated land:NA km2Environment:natural freshwater sources are meager, so large water catchments (concreteor natural rock) collect rain waterNote:strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North AtlanticOcean and Mediterranean Sea
*Gibraltar, People
Population:31,508 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:0.53% (1993 est.)Birth rate:15.68 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:8.89 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:-1.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:76.06 yearsmale:73.18 yearsfemale:78.91 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:2.37 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Gibraltarian(s)adjective:GibraltarEthnic divisions:Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, SpanishReligions:Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant 11% (Church of England 8%, other 3%), Moslem8%, Jewish 2%, none or other 5% (1981)Languages:English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian,Portuguese, RussianLiteracy:total population:NA%male:NA%female:NA%Labor force:14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)note:UK military establishments and civil government employ nearly 50% of thelabor force
*Gibraltar, Government
Names:conventional long form:noneconventional short form:GibraltarDigraph:GIType:dependent territory of the UKCapital:GilbraltarAdministrative divisions:none (dependent territory of the UK)Independence:none (dependent territory of the UK)Constitution:30 May 1969Legal system:English lawNational holiday:Commonwealth Day (second Monday of March)Political parties and leaders:Socialist Labor Party (SL), Joe BOSSANO; Gibraltar Labor Party/Associationfor the Advancement of Civil Rights (GCL/AACR), leader NA; Gibraltar SocialDemocrats, Peter CARUANA; Gibraltar National Party, Joe GARCIAOther political or pressure groups:Housewives Association; Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar RepresentativesOrganizationSuffrage:18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects resident six months ormoreElections:House of Assembly:last held on 16 January 1992 (next to be held January 1996); results - SL73.3%; seats - (18 total, 15 elected) number of seats by party NAExecutive branch:British monarch, governor, chief minister, Gibraltar Council, Council ofMinisters (cabinet)Legislative branch:unicameral House of AssemblyJudicial branch:Supreme Court, Court of AppealLeaders:Chief of State:Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor andCommander in Chief Adm. Sir Derek REFFELL (since NA 1989)Head of Government:Chief Minister Joe BOSSANO (since 25 March 1988)Member of:INTERPOL (subbureau)Diplomatic representation in US:none (dependent territory of the UK)US diplomatic representation:none (dependent territory of the UK)Flag:two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with athree-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from thecastle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
*Gibraltar, Economy
Overview:The economy depends heavily on British defense expenditures, revenue fromtourists, fees for services to shipping, and revenues from banking andfinance activities. Because more than 70% of the economy is in the publicsector, changes in government spending have a major impact on the level ofemployment. Construction workers are particularly affected when governmentexpenditures are cut.National product:GNP - exchange rate conversion - $182 million (FY87)National product real growth rate:5% (FY87)National product per capita:$4,600 (FY87)Inflation rate (consumer prices):3.6% (1988)Unemployment rate:NA%Budget:revenues $136 million; expenditures $139 million, including capitalexpenditures of $NA (FY88)Exports:$82 million (f.o.b., 1988)commodities:(principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%partners:UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, FRGImports:$258 million (c.i.f., 1988)commodities:fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffspartners:UK, Spain, Japan, NetherlandsExternal debt:$318 million (1987)Industrial production:growth rate NA%Electricity:47,000 kW capacity; 200 million kWh produced, 6,740 kWh per capita (1992)Industries:tourism, banking and finance, construction, commerce; support to large UKnaval and air bases; transit trade and supply depot in the port; lightmanufacturing of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, beer,and canned fishAgriculture:noneEconomic aid:US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $0.8 million; Western (non-US)countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $188 millionCurrency:1 Gibraltar pound (#G) = 100 penceExchange rates:Gibraltar pounds (#G) per US$1 - 0.6527 (January 1993), 0.5664 (1992),0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990), 0.6099 (1989), 0.5614 (1988); note - theGibraltar pound is at par with the British poundFiscal year:1 July - 30 June
*Gibraltar, Communications
Railroads:1.000-meter-gauge system in dockyard area onlyHighways:50 km, mostly good bitumen and concretePipelines:nonePorts:GibraltarMerchant marine:32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 642,446 GRT/1,141,592 DWT; includes 4cargo, 2 refrigerated cargo, 1 container, 18 oil tanker, 2 chemical tanker,5 bulk; note - a flag of convenience registryAirports:total:1useable:1with permanent surface runways:1with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:0 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:1Telecommunications:adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate internationalradiocommunication and microwave facilities; 9,400 telephones; broadcaststations - 1 AM, 6 FM, 4 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
*Gibraltar, Defense Forces
Branches:British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air ForceNote:defense is the responsibility of the UK
*Glorioso Islands, Header
Affiliation: (possession of France)
*Glorioso Islands, Geography
Location:Southern Africa, in the Indian Ocean just north of MadagascarMap references:AfricaArea:total area:5 km2land area:5 km2comparative area:about 8.5 times the size of the Mall in Washington, DCnote:includes Ile Glorieuse, Ile du Lys, Verte Rocks, Wreck Rock, and South RockLand boundaries:0 kmCoastline:35.2 kmMaritime claims:contiguous zone:12 nmexclusive economic zone:200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:claimed by MadagascarClimate:tropicalTerrain: NANatural resources:guano, coconutsLand use:arable land:0%permanent crops:0%meadows and pastures:0%forest and woodland:0%other:100% (all lush vegetation and coconut palms)Irrigated land:0 km2Environment:subject to periodic cyclones
*Glorioso Islands, People
Population: unihabited
*Glorioso Islands, Government
Names:conventional long form:noneconventional short form:Glorioso Islandslocal long form:nonelocal short form:Iles GlorieusesDigraph:GOType:French possession administered by Commissioner of the Republic, resident inReunionCapital:none; administered by France from ReunionIndependence:none (possession of France)
*Glorioso Islands, Economy
Overview: no economic activity
*Glorioso Islands, Communications
Ports:none; offshore anchorage onlyAirports:total:1usable:1with permanent-surface runways:0with runsways over 3,6359 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:0with runways 1,220-2,439 m:1
*Glorioso Islands, Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of France
*Greece, Geography
Location:Southern Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea between Turkey and BulgariaMap references:Africa, Europe, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:131,940 km2land area:130,800 km2comparative area:slightly smaller than AlabamaLand boundaries:total 1,210 km, Albania 282 km, Bulgaria 494 km, Turkey 206 km, Macedonia228 kmCoastline:13,676 kmMaritime claims:continental shelf:200 m depth or to depth of exploitationterritorial sea:6 nm, but Greece has threatened to claim 12 nmInternational disputes:air, continental shelf, and territorial water disputes with Turkey in AegeanSea; Cyprus question; northern Epirus question with Albania; Macedoniaquestion with Bulgaria and MacedoniaClimate:temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summersTerrain:mostly mountains with ranges extending into sea as peninsulas or chains ofislandsNatural resources:bauxite, lignite, magnesite, petroleum, marbleLand use:arable land:23%permanent crops:8%meadows and pastures:40%forest and woodland:20%other:9%Irrigated land:11,900 km2 (1989 est.)Environment:subject to severe earthquakes; air pollutionNote:strategic location dominating the Aegean Sea and southern approach toTurkish Straits; a peninsular country, possessing an archipelago of about2,000 islands
*Greece, People
Population:10,470,460 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:0.95% (1993 est.)Birth rate:10.42 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:9.36 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:8.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:8.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:77.5 yearsmale:75.02 yearsfemale:80.12 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:1.44 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Greek(s)adjective: GreekEthnic divisions:Greek 98%, other 2%note:the Greek Government states there are no ethnic divisions in GreeceReligions:Greek Orthodox 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%Languages:Greek (official), English, FrenchLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1990)total population:93%male:98%female:89%Labor force:3,966,900by occupation:services 45%, agriculture 27%, industry 28% (1990)
*Greece, Government
Names:conventional long form:Hellenic Republicconventional short form:Greecelocal long form:Elliniki Dhimokratialocal short form:Ellasformer:Kingdom of GreeceDigraph:GRType:presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum 8December 1974Capital:AthensAdministrative divisions:52 prefectures (nomoi, singular - nomos); Aitolia kai Akarnania, Akhaia,Argolis, Arkadhia, Arta, Attiki, Dhodhekanisos, Dhrama, Evritania, Evros,Evvoia, Florina, Fokis, Fthiotis, Grevena, Ilia, Imathia, Ioannina,Iraklion, Kardhitsa, Kastoria, Kavala, Kefallinia, Kerkira, Khalkidhiki,Khania, Khios, Kikladhes, Kilkis, Korinthia, Kozani, Lakonia, Larisa,Lasithi, Lesvos, Levkas, Magnisia, Messinia, Pella, Pieria, Piraievs,Preveza, Rethimni, Rodhopi, Samos, Serrai, Thesprotia, Thessaloniki,Trikala, Voiotia, Xanthi, Zakinthos, autonomous region: Agion Oros (Mt.Athos)Independence:1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)Constitution:11 June 1975Legal system:based on codified Roman law; judiciary divided into civil, criminal, andadministrative courtsNational holiday:Independence Day, 25 March (1821) (proclamation of the war of independence)Political parties and leaders:New Democracy (ND; conservative), Konstantinos MITSOTAKIS; PanhellenicSocialist Movement (PASOK), Andreas PAPANDREOU; Left Alliance, MariaDAMANAKI; Democratic Renewal (DIANA), Konstantinos STEFANOPOULOS; CommunistParty (KKE), Aleka PAPARIGA; Ecologist-Alternative List, leader rotatesSuffrage:18 years of age; universal and compulsoryElections:President:last held 4 May 1990 (next to be held May 1995); results - KonstantinosKARAMANLIS was elected by ParliamentChamber of Deputies:last held 8 April 1990 (next must be held by May 1994); results - ND 46.89%,PASOK 38.62%, Left Alliance 10.27%, PASOK/Left Alliance 1.02%,Ecologist-Alternative List 0.77%, DIANA 0.67%, Muslim independents 0.5%;seats - (300 total) ND 150, PASOK 123, Left Alliance 19, PASOK-Left Alliance4, Muslim independents 2, DEANA 1, Ecologist-Alternative List 1note:deputies shifting from one party to another and the dissolution of partycoalitions have resulted in the following seating arrangement: ND 152, PASOK124, Left Alliance 14, KKE 7, Muslim deputies 2, Ecologist-Alternative List1
*Greece, Government
Executive branch:president, prime minister, CabinetLegislative branch:unicameral Greek Chamber of Deputies (Vouli ton Ellinon)Judicial branch:Supreme Judicial Court, Special Supreme TribunalLeaders:Chief of State:President Konstantinos KARAMANLIS (since 5 May 1990)Head of Government:Prime Minister Konstantinos MITSOTAKIS (since 11 April 1990)Member of:Australian Group, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE, EIB,FAO, G-6, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF,IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, MINURSO, MTCR,NACC, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD,UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UPU, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZCDiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador Christos ZACHARAKISchancery:2221 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone:(202) 939-5800FAX:(202) 939-5824consulates general:Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and San Franciscoconsulate:New OrleansUS diplomatic representation:chief of mission:(vacant); Charge d'Affaires James A. WILLIAMSembassy:91 Vasilissis Sophias Boulevard, 10160 Athensmailing address:PSC 108, Box 56, APO AE 09842telephone:[30] (1) 721-2951 or 721-8401FAX:[30] (1) 645-6282consulate general:ThessalonikiFlag:nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is ablue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white cross; the crosssymbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the country
*Greece, Economy
Overview:Greece has a mixed capitalist economy with the basic entrepreneurial systemoverlaid in 1981-89 by a socialist system that enlarged the public sectorfrom 55% of GDP in 1981 to about 70% when Prime Minister MITSOTAKIS tookoffice. Tourism continues as a major source of foreign exchange, andagriculture is self-sufficient except for meat, dairy products, and animalfeedstuffs. Since 1986, real GDP growth has averaged only 1.6% a year,compared with the Europen Community average of 3%. The MITSOTAKIS governmenthas made little progress during its two and one-half years in power incoming to grips with Greece's main economic problems: an inflation ratestill four times the EC average, a large public sector deficit, and afragile current account position. In early 1991, the government secured athree-year, $2.5 billion assistance package from the EC under the strictestterms yet imposed on a member country, as the EC finally ran out of patiencewith Greece's failure to put its financial affairs in order. On the adviceof the EC Commission, Greece delayed applying for the second installmentuntil 1993 because of the failure of the government to meet the 1992targets. Although MITSOTAKIS faced down the unions in mid-1992 in a disputeover privatization plans, social security reform, and tax and priceincreases, and his new economics czar, Stephanos MANOS, is a respectedeconomist committed to renovating the ailing economy. However, a nationalelections due by May 1994 will probably prompt MITSOTAKIS to backtrack oneconomic reform. In 1993, the GDP growth rate likely will remain low; theinflation rate probably will continue to fall, while remaining the highestin the EC.National product: GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $82.9 billion (1992)National product real growth rate:1.2% (1992)National product per capita:$8,200 (1992)Inflation rate (consumer prices):15.6% (1992)Unemployment rate:9.1% (1992)Budget:revenues $37.6 billion; expenditures $45.1 billion, including capitalexpenditures of $5.4 billion (1993)Exports:$6.8 billion (f.o.b., 1991)commodities:manufactured goods 53%, foodstuffs 31%, fuels 9%partners:Germany 24%, France 18%, Italy 17%, UK 7%, US 6%Imports:$21.5 billion (c.i.f., 1991)commodities:manufactured goods 71%, foodstuffs 14%, fuels 10%partners:Germany 20%, Italy 14%, France 8%, UK 5%, US 4%External debt:$23.7 billion (1991)Industrial production:growth rate -1.0% (1991); accounts for 20% of GDPElectricity:10,500,000 kW capacity; 36,400 million kWh produced, 3,610 kWh per capita(1992)
*Greece, Economy
Industries:food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, metal products, tourism,mining, petroleumAgriculture:including fishing and forestry, accounts for 15% of GDP and 27% of the laborforce; principal products - wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, olives,tomatoes, wine, tobacco, potatoes; self-sufficient in food except meat,dairy products, and animal feedstuffs; fish catch of 116,600 metric tons in1988Illicit drugs:illicit producer of cannabis and limited opium; mostly for domesticproduction; serves as a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabisand heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursorchemicals to the East; transshipment point for Southwest Asian herointransiting the Balkan routeEconomic aid:US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-81), $525 million; Western (non-US)countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1,390 millionCurrency:1 drachma (Dr) = 100 leptaExchange rates:drachma (Dr) per US$1 - 215.82 (January 1993), 190.62 (1992), 182.27 (1991),158.51 (1990), 162.42 (1989), 141.86 (1988)Fiscal year:calendar year
*Greece, Communications
Railroads:2,479 km total; 1,565 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, of which 36 kmelectrified and 100 km double track; 892 km 1.000-meter gauge; 22 km0.750-meter narrow gauge; all government ownedHighways:38,938 km total; 16,090 km paved, 13,676 km crushed stone and gravel, 5,632km improved earth, 3,540 km unimproved earthInland waterways:80 km; system consists of three coastal canals; including the Corinth Canal(6 km) which crosses the Isthmus of Corinth connecting the Gulf of Corinthwith the Saronic Gulf and shortens the sea voyage from the Adriatic toPiraievs (Piraeus) by 325 km; and three unconnected riversPipelines:crude oil 26 km; petroleum products 547 kmPorts:Piraievs (Piraeus), ThessalonikiMerchant marine:998 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 25,483,768 GRT/47,047,285 DWT;includes 14 passenger, 66 short-sea passenger, 2 passenger-cargo, 128 cargo,26 container, 15 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 14 refrigerated cargo, 1 vehiclecarrier, 214 oil tanker, 19 chemical tanker, 7 liquefied gas, 42 combinationore/oil, 3 specialized tanker, 424 bulk, 22 combination bulk, 1 livestockcarrier; note - ethnic Greeks also own large numbers of ships under theregistry of Liberia, Panama, Cyprus, Malta, and The BahamasAirports:total:78usable:77with permanent-surface runways:63with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:20with runways 1,220-2,439 m:24Telecommunications:adequate, modern networks reach all areas; 4,080,000 telephones; microwaveradio relay carries most traffic; extensive open-wire network; submarinecables to off-shore islands; broadcast stations - 29 AM, 17 (20 repeaters)FM, 361 TV; tropospheric links, 8 submarine cables; 1 satellite earthstation operating in INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean antenna),and EUTELSAT systems
*Greece, Defense Forces
Branches:Hellenic Army, Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Air Force, National Guard, PoliceManpower availability:males age 15-49 2,606,267; fit for military service 1,996,835; reachmilitary age (21) annually 73,541 (1993 est.)Defense expenditures:exchange rate conversion - $4.2 billion, 5.1% of GDP (1992)
*Greenland, Header
Affiliation: (part of the Danish realm)
*Greenland, Geography
Location:in the North Atlantic Ocean, between Canada and NorwayMap references:Arctic Region, North America, Standard Time Zones of the WorldArea:total area:2,175,600 km2land area:341,700 km2 (ice free)comparative area:slightly more than three times the size of TexasLand boundaries:0 kmCoastline:44,087 kmMaritime claims:exclusive fishing zone:200 nmterritorial sea:3 nmInternational disputes:Denmark has challenged Norway's maritime claims between Greenland and JanMayenClimate:arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold wintersTerrain:flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous,barren, rocky coastNatural resources:zinc, lead, iron ore, coal, molybdenum, cryolite, uranium, fishLand use:arable land:0%permanent crops: 0%meadows and pastures:1%forest and woodland:0%other:99%Irrigated land:NA km2Environment:sparse population confined to small settlements along coast; continuouspermafrost over northern two-thirds of the islandNote:dominates North Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe
*Greenland, People
Population:56,533 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:0.84% (1993 est.)Birth rate:19.62 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:7.66 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:-3.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:28.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:66.19 yearsmale:61.79 yearsfemale:70.6 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:2.33 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Greenlander(s)adjective:GreenlandicEthnic divisions:Greenlander 86% (Eskimos and Greenland-born Caucasians), Danish 14%Religions:Evangelical LutheranLanguages:Eskimo dialects, DanishLiteracy:total population:NA%male:NA% female:NA%Labor force:22,800by occupation:largely engaged in fishing, hunting, sheep breeding
*Greenland, Government
Names:conventional long form:noneconventional short form:Greenlandlocal long form:nonelocal short form:Kalaallit NunaatDigraph:GLType:part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrative divisionCapital:Nuuk (Godthab)Administrative divisions:3 municipalities (kommuner, singular - kommun); Nordgronland, Ostgronland,VestgronlandIndependence:none (part of the Danish realm; self-governing overseas administrativedivision)Constitution:DanishLegal system:DanishNational holiday:Birthday of the Queen, 16 April (1940)Political parties and leaders:two-party ruling coalition; Siumut (a moderate socialist party thatadvocates more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy fromDenmark), Lars Emil JOHANSEN, chairman; Inuit Ataqatigiit (IA; aMarxist-Leninist party that favors complete independence from Denmark ratherthan home rule), Arqaluk LYNGE; Atassut Party (a more conservative partythat favors continuing close relations with Denmark), leader NA; Polar Party(conservative-Greenland nationalist), Lars CHEMNITZ; Center Party (a newnonsocialist protest party), leader NASuffrage:18 years of age; universalElections:Danish Folketing:last held on 12 December 1990 (next to be held by December 1994); Greenlandelects two representatives to the Folketing; results - percent of vote byparty NA; seats - (2 total) Siumut 1, Atassut 1Landsting:last held on 5 March 1991 (next to be held 5 March 1995); results - percentof vote by party NA; seats - (27 total) Siumut 11, Atassut Party 8, InuitAtaqatigiit 5, Center Party 2, Polar Party 1Executive branch:Danish monarch, high commissioner, home rule chairman, prime minister,Cabinet (Landsstyre)Legislative branch:unicameral Parliament (Landsting)Judicial branch:High Court (Landsret)Leaders:Chief of State:Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972), represented by High CommissionerTorben Hede PEDERSEN (since NA)
*Greenland, Government
Head of Government:Home Rule Chairman Lars Emil JOHANSEN (since 15 March 1991)Diplomatic representation in US:none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)US diplomatic representation:none (self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)Flag:two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightlyto the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottomhalf is white
*Greenland, Economy
Overview:Greenland's economic situation at present is difficult and unemploymentincreases. Prospects for economic growth in the immediate future are notbright. The Home Rule Government's economic restraint measures introduced inthe late 1980s have assisted in shifting red figures into a balance in thepublic budget. Foreign trade produced a surplus in 1989 and 1990, but hasnow returned to a deficit. Following the closing of the Black Angel lead andzinc mine in 1989, Greenland today is fully dependent on fishing and fishprocessing, this sector accounting for 95% of exports. Prospects forfisheries are not bright, as the important shrimp catches will at beststabilize and cod catches have dropped. Resumption of mining and hydrocarbonactivities is not around the corner, thus leaving only tourism with somepotential for the near future. The public sector in Greenland, i.e. the HRGand its commercial entities and the municipalities, plays a dominant role inGreenland accounting for about two thirds of total employment. About halfthe government's revenues come from grants from the Danish Government.National product:GNP - purchasing power equivalent - $500 million (1988)National product real growth rate:-10% (1990)National product per capita:$9,000 (1988)Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.6% (1991)Unemployment rate:9% (1990 est.)Budget:revenues $381 million; expenditures $381 million, including capitalexpenditures of $36 million (1989)Exports:$340.6 million (f.o.b., 1991)commodities:fish and fish products 95%partners:Denmark 79%, Benelux 9%, Germany 5%Imports:$403 million (c.i.f., 1991)commodities:manufactured goods 28%, machinery and transport equipment 24%, food and liveanimals 12.4%, petroleum products 12%partners:Denmark 65%, Norway 8.8%, US 4.6%, Germany 3.8%, Japan 3.8%, Sweden 2.4%External debt:$480 million (1990 est.)Industrial production:growth rate NA%Electricity:84,000 kW capacity; 176 million kWh produced, 3,060 kWh per capita (1992)Industries:fish processing (mainly shrimp), lead and zinc mining, handicrafts, somesmall shipyards, potential for platinum and gold miningAgriculture:sector dominated by fishing and sheep raising; crops limited to forage andsmall garden vegetables; 1988 fish catch of 133,500 metric tonsEconomic aid:noneCurrency:1 Danish krone (DKr) = 100 re
*Greenland, Economy
Exchange rates:Danish kroner (DKr) per US$1 - 6.236 (January 1993), 6.036 (1992), 6.396(1991), 6.189 (1990), 7.310 (1989), 6.732 (1988)Fiscal year:calendar year
*Greenland, Communications
Highways:80 kmPorts:Kangerluarsoruseq (Faeringehavn), Paamiut (Frederikshaab), Nuuk (Godthaab),Sisimiut (Holsteinsborg), Julianehaab, Maarmorilik, North Star BayAirports: total:11usable:8with permanent-surface runways:5with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:2with runways 1,220-2,439 m:2Telecommunications:adequate domestic and international service provided by cables and microwaveradio relay; 17,900 telephones; broadcast stations - 5 AM, 7 (35 repeaters)FM, 4 (9 repeaters) TV; 2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic OceanINTELSAT earth station
*Greenland, Defense Forces
Note: defense is responsibility of Denmark
*Grenada, Geography
Location:in the eastern Caribbean Sea, about 150 im north of Trinidad and TobagoMap references:Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Standard Time Zones of theWorldArea:total area:340 km2land area:340 km2comparative area:slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DCLand boundaries:0 kmCoastline:121 kmMaritime claims:exclusive economic zone:200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:noneClimate:tropical; tempered by northeast trade windsTerrain:volcanic in origin with central mountainsNatural resources:timber, tropical fruit, deepwater harborsLand use:arable land:15%permanent crops:26%meadows and pastures:3%forest and woodland:9%other:47%Irrigated land:NA km2Environment:lies on edge of hurricane belt; hurricane season lasts from June to NovemberNote:islands of the Grenadines group are divided politically with Saint Vincentand the Grenadines
*Grenada, People
Population:93,830 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:0.24% (1993 est.)Birth rate:30.85 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:6.46 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:-21.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:12.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:70.15 yearsmale:67.79 yearsfemale:72.54 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:4 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Grenadian(s)adjective:GrenadianEthnic divisions:black AfricanReligions:Roman Catholic, Anglican, other Protestant sectsLanguages: English (official), French patoisLiteracy:age 15 and over having ever attended school (1970)total population:98%male:98%female:98%Labor force:36,000by occupation:services 31%, agriculture 24%, construction 8%, manufacturing 5%, other 32%(1985)
*Grenada, Government
Names:conventional long form:noneconventional short form:GrenadaDigraph:GJType:parliamentary democracyCapital:Saint George'sAdministrative divisions:6 parishes and 1 dependency*; Carriacou and Petit Martinique*, Saint Andrew,, Saint David, SaintGeorge, Saint John, Saint Mark, Saint PatrickIndependence:7 February 1974 (from UK)Constitution:19 December 1973Legal system:based on English common lawNational holiday:Independence Day, 7 February (1974)Political parties and leaders:National Democratic Congress (NDC), Nicholas BRATHWAITE; Grenada UnitedLabor Party (GULP), Sir Eric GAIRY; The National Party (TNP), Ben JONES; NewNational Party (NNP), Keith MITCHELL; Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement(MBPM), Terrence MARRYSHOW; New Jewel Movement (NJM), Bernard COARDSuffrage:18 years of age; universalElections:House of Representatives:last held on 13 March 1990 (next to be held by NA March 1996); results -percent of vote by party NA; seats - (15 total) NDC 8, GULP 3, TNP 2, NNP 2Executive branch:British monarch, governor general, prime minister, Ministers of Government(cabinet)Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or Senate and a lower houseor House of RepresentativesJudicial branch:Supreme CourtLeaders:Chief of State:Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor GeneralReginald Oswald PALMER (since 6 August 1992)Head of Government:Prime Minister Nicholas BRATHWAITE (since 13 March 1990)Member of:ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC,ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LAES, LORCS, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN,UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WTODiplomatic representation in US:chief of mission:Ambassador Denneth MODESTEchancery:1701 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009telephone:(202) 265-2561
*Grenada, Government
consulate general:New YorkUS diplomatic representation:chief of mission:Charge d'Affaires Annette T. VELERembassy:Ross Point Inn, Saint George'smailing address:P. O. Box 54, Saint George'stelephone:(809) 444-1173 through 1178FAX:(809) 444-4820Flag:a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) andgreen triangles (hoist side and outer side) with a red border around theflag; there are seven yellow five-pointed stars with three centered in thetop red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a reddisk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmegpod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largestproducer of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars represent the sevenadministrative divisions
*Grenada, Economy
Overview:The economy is essentially agricultural and centers on the traditionalproduction of spices and tropical plants. Agriculture accounts for about 16%of GDP and 80% of exports and employs 24% of the labor force. Tourism is theleading foreign exchange earner, followed by agricultural exports.Manufacturing remains relatively undeveloped, but is expected to grow, givena more favorable private investment climate since 1983. The economy achievedan impressive average annual growth rate of 5.5% in 1986-91 but stalled in1992. Unemployment remains high at about 25%.National product:GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $250 million (1992 est.)National product real growth rate:-0.4% (1992 est.)National product per capita:$3,000 (1992 est.)Inflation rate (consumer prices):2.6% (1991 est.)Unemployment rate:25% (1992 est.)Budget:revenues $78 million; expenditures $51 million, including capitalexpenditures of $22 million (1991 est.)Exports:$30 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)commodities:nutmeg 36%, cocoa beans 9%, bananas 14%, mace 8%, textiles 5%partners:US 12%, UK, FRG, Netherlands, Trinidad and Tobago (1989)Imports:$110 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)commodities:food 25%, manufactured goods 22%, machinery 20%, chemicals 10%, fuel 6%(1989)partners:US 29%, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada (1989)External debt:$104 million (1990 est.)Industrial production:growth rate 5.8% (1989 est.); accounts for 9% of GDPElectricity:12,500 kW capacity; 26 million kWh produced, 310 kWh per capita (1992)Industries:food and beverage, textile, light assembly operations, tourism, constructionAgriculture:accounts for 16% of GDP and 80% of exports; bananas, cocoa, nutmeg, and maceaccount for two-thirds of total crop production; world's second-largestproducer and fourth-largest exporter of nutmeg and mace; small-size farmspredominate, growing a variety of citrus fruits, avocados, root crops,sugarcane, corn, and vegetablesEconomic aid:US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY84-89), $60 million; Western (non-US)countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $70 million;Communist countries (1970-89), $32 millionCurrency:1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 centsExchange rates:East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)Fiscal year:calendar year
*Grenada, Communications
Highways:1,000 km total; 600 km paved, 300 km otherwise improved; 100 km unimprovedPorts:Saint George'sAirports:total:3usable:3with permanent-surface runways:2with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:1with runways 1,220-2,439 m:1Telecommunications:automatic, islandwide telephone system with 5,650 telephones; new SHF radiolinks to Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links toTrinidad and Carriacou; broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, 1 TV
*Grenada, Defense Forces
Branches:Royal Grenada Police Force, Coast GuardManpower availability:NADefense expenditures:$NA, NA% of GDP
*Guadeloupe, Header
Affiliation: (overseas department of France)
*Guadeloupe, Geography
Location:in the Caribbean Sea, 500 km southeast of Puerto RicoMap references:Central America and the CaribbeanArea:total area:1,780 km2 land area:1,760 km2comparative area:10 times the size of Washington, DCLand boundaries:0 kmCoastline:306 kmMaritime claims:exclusive economic zone:200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:noneClimate:subtropical tempered by trade winds; relatively high humidityTerrain:Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grand-Terre islow limestone formationNatural resources:cultivable land, beaches and climate that foster tourismLand use:arable land:18%permanent crops:5%meadows and pastures:13%forest and woodland:40%other:24%Irrigated land:30 km2 (1989 est.)Environment:subject to hurricanes (June to October); La Soufriere is an active volcano
*Guadeloupe, People
Population:422,114 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:1.67% (1993 est.)Birth rate:18.18 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:5.94 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:4.42 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population: 76.72 yearsmale:73.67 yearsfemale:79.9 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:2.08 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Guadeloupian(s)adjective:GuadeloupeEthnic divisions:black or mulatto 90%, white 5%, East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese less than 5%Religions:Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 5%Languages:French, creole patoisLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1982)total population:90%male:90%female:91%Labor force:120,000by occupation:services, government, and commerce 53.0%, industry 25.8%, agriculture 21.2%
*Guadeloupe, Government
Names:conventional long form:Department of Guadeloupeconventional short form:Guadeloupelocal long form:Departement de la Guadeloupelocal short form:GuadeloupeDigraph:GPType:overseas department of FranceCapital:Basse-TerreAdministrative divisions:none (overseas department of France)Independence:none (overseas department of France)Constitution:28 September 1958 (French Constitution)Legal system:French legal systemNational holiday:National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July (1789)Political parties and leaders:Rally for the Republic (RPR), Marlene CAPTANT; Communist Party of Guadeloupe(PCG), Christian Medard CELESTE; Socialist Party (PS), Dominique LARIFLA;Popular Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe (UPLG); IndependentRepublicans; Union for French Democracy (UDF); Union for the Center Rally(URC coalition of the PS, RPR, and UDF); Guadeloupe Objective (OG), LucetteMICHAUX-CHEVRYOther political or pressure groups:Popular Union for the Liberation of Guadeloupe (UPLG); Popular Movement forIndependent Guadeloupe (MPGI); General Union of Guadeloupe Workers (UGTG);General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers (CGT-G); Christian Movement for theLiberation of Guadeloupe (KLPG)Suffrage:18 years of age; universalElections:French National Assembly:last held on 5 and 12 June 1988 (next to be held March 1993); Guadeloupeelects four representatives; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats -(4 total) PS 2 seats, RPR 1 seat, PCG 1 seatFrench Senate:last held in September 1986 (next to be held September 1995); Guadeloupeelects two representatives; results - percent of vote by party NA; seats -(2 total) PCG 1, PS 1General Council:last held 25 September and 8 October 1988 (next to be held by NA 1992);results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (42 total) PS 26, URC 16Regional Council:last held on 22 March 1992 (next to be held by 16 March 1998); results - OG33.1%, PSG 28.7%, PCG 23.8%, UDF 10.7%, other 3.7%; seats - (41 total) OG15, PSG 12, PCG 10, UDF 4Executive branch:government commissionerLegislative branch:unicameral General Council and unicameral Regional Council
*Guadeloupe, Government
Judicial branch:Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel) with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, FrenchGuiana, and MartiniqueLeaders:Chief of State:President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)Head of Government:Prefect Franck PERRIEZ (since NA 1992)Member of:FZ, WCLDiplomatic representation in US:as an overseas department of France, the interests of Guadeloupe arerepresented in the US by FranceUS diplomatic representation:none (overseas department of France)Flag:the flag of France is used
*Guadeloupe, Economy
Overview:The economy depends on agriculture, tourism, light industry, and services.It is also dependent upon France for large subsidies and imports. Tourism isa key industry, with most tourists from the US. In addition, an increasinglylarge number of cruise ships visit the islands. The traditionally importantsugarcane crop is slowly being replaced by other crops, such as bananas(which now supply about 50% of export earnings), eggplant, and flowers.Other vegetables and root crops are cultivated for local consumption,although Guadeloupe is still dependent on imported food, which comes mainlyfrom France. Light industry consists mostly of sugar and rum production.Most manufactured goods and fuel are imported. Unemployment is especiallyhigh among the young.National product:GDP - exchange rate conversion - $1.5 billion (1989)National product real growth rate:NA%National product per capita:$4,700 (1989)Inflation rate (consumer prices):3.7% (1990)Unemployment rate:31.3% (1990)Budget:revenues $333 million; expenditures $671 million, including capitalexpenditures of $NA (1989)Exports:$168 million (f.o.b., 1988)commodities:bananas, sugar, rumpartners:France 68%, Martinique 22% (1987)Imports:$1.2 billion (c.i.f., 1988)commodities:vehicles, foodstuffs, clothing and other consumer goods, constructionmaterials, petroleum productspartners:France 64%, Italy, FRG, US (1987)External debt:$NAIndustrial production:growth rate NA%Electricity:171,500 kW capacity; 441 million kWh produced, 1,080 kWh per capita (1992)Industries:construction, cement, rum, sugar, tourismAgriculture: cash crops - bananas, sugarcane; other products include tropical fruits andvegetables; livestock - cattle, pigs, goats; not self-sufficient in foodEconomic aid:US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $4 million; Western (non-US)countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $8.235 billionCurrency:1 French franc (F) = 100 centimesExchange rates:French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.4812 (January 1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421(1991), 5.4453 (1990), 6.3801 (1989), 5.9569 (1988)Fiscal year:calendar year
*Guadeloupe, Communications
Railroads:privately owned, narrow-gauge plantation linesHighways:1,940 km total; 1,600 km paved, 340 km gravel and earthPorts:Pointe-a-Pitre, Basse-TerreAirports:total:9usable:9with permanent-surface runways:8with runways over 3,659 m:0with runways 2,440-3,659 m:1with runways 1,220-2,439 m:1Telecommunications:domestic facilities inadequate; 57,300 telephones; interisland microwaveradio relay to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, and Martinique; broadcaststations - 2 AM, 8 FM (30 private stations licensed to broadcast FM), 9 TV;1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT ground station
*Guadeloupe, Defense Forces
Branches:French Forces, GendarmerieManpower availability:males age 15-49 98,069; fit for military service NA (1993 est.)Note:defense is responsibility of France
*Guam, Header
Affiliation: (territory of the US)
*Guam, Geography
Location:in the North Pacific Ocean, 5,955 km west-southwest of Honolulu, aboutthree-quarters of the way between Hawaii and the PhilippinesMap references:OceaniaArea:total area:541.3 km2land area:541.3 km2comparative area:slightly more than three times the size of Washington, DCLand boundaries:0 kmCoastline:125.5 kmMaritime claims:contiguous zone:24 nmcontinental shelf:200 m or depth of exploitationexclusive economic zone:200 nmterritorial sea:12 nmInternational disputes:noneClimate:tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast tradewinds; dry season from January to June, rainy season from July to December;little seasonal temperature variationTerrain:volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coralinelimestone plateau (source of most fresh water) with steep coastal cliffs andnarrow coastal plains in north, low-rising hills in center, mountains insouthNatural resources:fishing (largely undeveloped), tourism (especially from Japan)Land use:arable land:11%permanent crops:11%meadows and pastures:15%forest and woodland:18%other: 45%Irrigated land:NA km2Environment:frequent squalls during rainy season; subject to relatively rare, butpotentially very destructive typhoons (especially in August)Note:largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands archipelago;strategic location in western North Pacific Ocean
*Guam, People
Population:145,935 (July 1993 est.)Population growth rate:2.53% (1993 est.)Birth rate:26.16 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)Death rate:3.86 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)Net migration rate:3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)Infant mortality rate:15.17 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)Life expectancy at birth:total population:74.29 yearsmale:72.42 yearsfemale:76.13 years (1993 est.)Total fertility rate:2.44 children born/woman (1993 est.)Nationality:noun:Guamanian(s)adjective:GuamanianEthnic divisions:Chamorro 47%, Filipino 25%, Caucasian 10%, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, andother 18%Religions:Roman Catholic 98%, other 2%Languages:English, Chamorro, JapaneseLiteracy:age 15 and over can read and write (1980)total population:96%male:96%female:96%Labor force: 46,930 (1990)by occupation:federal and territorial government 40%, private 60% (trade 18%, services15.6%, construction 13.8%, other 12.6%) (1990)