Legislative branch: bicameralNational Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): election last held 3 October1993; results - percentage vote by party NA; seats - (125 total) UPADS64, URD/PCT 58, others 3Senate: election last held 26 July 1992 (next to be held July 1998);results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) UPADS 23,MCDDI 14, RDD 8, RDPS 5, PCT 2, others 8
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
Political parties and leaders: Congolese Labor Party (PCT), DenisSASSOU-NGUESSO, president; Pan-African Union for Social Development(UPADS), Pascal LISSOUBA, leader; Association for Democracy andDevelopment (RDD), Joachim Yhombi OPANGO, president; CongoleseMovement for Democracy and Integral Development (MCDDI), BernardKOLELAS, leader; Association for Democracy and Social Progress (RDPS),Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president; Union of Democratic Forces(UFD), David Charles GANAO, leader; Union for Development and SocialProgress (UDPS), Jean-Michael BOKAMBA-YANGOUMA, leadernote: Congo has many political parties of which these are among themost important
Other political or pressure groups: Union of Congolese Socialist Youth(UJSC); Congolese Trade Union Congress (CSC); Revolutionary Union ofCongolese Women (URFC); General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students(UGEEC)
Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77,GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UDEAC, UN, UNAMIR, UNAVEM II,UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Pierre Damien BOUSSOUKOU-BOUMBA chancery: 4891 Colorado Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-0825 FAX: [1] (202) 726-1860
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador William C. RAMSEY embassy: Avenue Amilcar Cabral, Brazzaville mailing address: B. P. 1015, Brazzaville telephone: [242] 83 20 70 FAX: [242] 83 63 38
Flag: red, divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
@Congo:Economy
Overview: Congo's economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on oil, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. A reform program, supported by the IMF and World Bank, ran into difficulties in 1990-91 because of problems in changing to a democratic political regime and a heavy debt-servicing burden. Oil has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, providing about two-thirds of government revenues and exports. In the early 1980s rapidly rising oil revenues enabled Congo to finance large-scale development projects with growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. Subsequently, growth has slowed to an average of roughly 1.5% annually, only two-thirds of the population growth rate. Political turmoil and misguided government investment have derailed economic reform programs sponsored by the IMF and World Bank. Even with these difficulties Congo enjoys one of the highest incomes per capita in sub-Saharan Africa
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.7 billion (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate: -2.1% (1993 est.)
National product per capita: $2,820 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2.2% (1992 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:revenues: $765 millionexpenditures: $952 million, including capital expenditures of $65million (1990)
Exports: $1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1993)commodities: crude oil 83%, lumber, plywood, sugar, cocoa, coffee,diamondspartners: US, Italy, France, Spain, other EC countries
Imports: $472 million (c.i.f., 1991)commodities: intermediate manufactures, capital equipment,construction materials, foodstuffspartners: France, US, Italy, Japan, other EC countries
External debt: $4 billion (1993)
Industrial production: growth rate 8% (1993 est.); accounts for 35% ofGDP; includes petroleum
Electricity: capacity: 120,000 kW production: 400 million kWh consumption per capita: 201 kWh (1993)
Industries: petroleum, cement, lumbering, brewing, sugar milling, palm oil, soap, cigarette
Agriculture: accounts for 12% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); cassava accounts for 90% of food output; other crops - rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables; cash crops include coffee and cocoa; forest products important export earner; imports over 90% of food needs
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $63 million;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-90), $2.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $15 million;Communist countries (1970-89), $338 million
Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1- 529.43 (January 1994), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992),282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since1948
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Congo:Transportation
Railroads:total: 797 km (includes 285 km that are privately owned)narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge
Highways:total: 11,960 kmpaved: 560 kmunpaved: gravel or crushed stone 850 km; improved earth 5,350 km;unimproved earth 5,200 km
Inland waterways: the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) Rivers provide 1,120 km of commercially navigable water transport; the rest are used for local traffic only
Pipelines: crude oil 25 km
Ports: Brazzaville, Impfondo, Ouesso, Oyo, Pointe-Noire
Merchant marine: none
Airports:total: 41with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3with paved runways under 914 m: 11with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 8with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 18
@Congo:Communications
Telephone system: 18,100 telephones; 7 telephones/1,000 persons;services adequate for government use; key centers are Brazzaville,Pointe-Noire, and Loubomolocal: NAintercity: primary network consists of microwave radio relay andcoaxial cableinternational: 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 4televisions: NA
@Congo:Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Navy (includes Marines), Air Force, National Police
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 568,663; males fit for military service 289,335; males reach military age (20) annually 24,749 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $110 million, 3.8% ofGDP (1993)
________________________________________________________________________
(free association with New Zealand)
@Cook Islands:Geography
Location: Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references: Oceania
Area:total area: 240 sq kmland area: 240 sq kmcomparative area: slightly less than 1.3 times the size of Washington,DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 120 km
Maritime claims:continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental marginexclusive economic zone: 200 nmterritorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds
Terrain: low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south
Natural resources: negligible
Land use: arable land: 4% permanent crops: 22% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 74%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:current issues: NAnatural hazards: typhoons (November to March)international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change;signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea
@Cook Islands:People
Population: 19,343 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Population growth rate: 1.13% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 23.05 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 5.2 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: -6.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 24.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.14 years male: 69.2 years female: 73.1 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.27 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Cook Islander(s) adjective: Cook Islander
Ethnic divisions: Polynesian (full blood) 81.3%, Polynesian andEuropean 7.7%, Polynesian and other 7.7%, European 2.4%, other 0.9%
Religions: Christian (majority of populace members of Cook IslandsChristian Church)
Languages: English (official), Maori
Literacy: NA%
Labor force: 5,810by occupation: agriculture 29%, government 27%, services 25%, industry15%, other 4% (1981)
@Cook Islands:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Cook Islands
Digraph: CW
Type: self-governing parliamentary government in free association withNew Zealand; Cook Islands is fully responsible for internal affairs;New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, inconsultation with the Cook Islands
Capital: Avarua
Administrative divisions: none
Independence: none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action)
National holiday: Constitution Day, 4 August
Constitution: 4 August 1965
Legal system: NA
Suffrage: universal adult at age NA
Executive branch:chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952);Representative of the Queen Apenera SHORT (since NA); Representativeof New Zealand Adrian SINCOCK (since NA)head of government: Prime Minister Geoffrey HENRY (since 1 February1989); Deputy Prime Minister Inatio AKARURU (since 1 February 1989)cabinet: Cabinet; collectively responsible to the Parliament
Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament: elections last held 24 March 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (25 total) Cook Islands Party 20, Democratic Party 3, Alliance Party 2 note: the House of Arikis (chiefs) advises on traditional matters, but has no legislative powers
Judicial branch: High Court
Political parties and leaders: Cook Islands Party, Geoffrey HENRY;Democratic Party, Sir Thomas DAVIS; Cook Islands Labor Party, RenaJONASSEN; Cook Islands People's Party, Sadaraka SADARAKA; AllianceParty, Norman GEORGE
Member of: AsDB, ESCAP (associate), ICAO, ICFTU, IFAD, INTELSAT(nonsignatory user), IOC, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO
Diplomatic representation in US: none (self-governing in freeassociation with New Zealand)
US diplomatic representation: none (self-governing in free associationwith New Zealand)
Flag: blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the outer half of the flag
@Cook Islands:Economy
Overview: Agriculture provides the economic base. The major export earners are fruit, copra, and clothing. Manufacturing activities are limited to a fruit-processing plant and several clothing factories. Economic development is hindered by the isolation of the islands from foreign markets and a lack of natural resources and good transportation links. A large trade deficit is annually made up for by remittances from emigrants and from foreign aid, largely from New Zealand. Current economic development plans call for exploiting the tourism potential and expanding the fishing industry.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $57 million (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate: NA%
National product per capita: $3,000 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.2% (1990)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:revenues: $38 millionexpenditures: $34.4 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1993 est.)
Exports: $3.4 million (f.o.b., 1990)commodities: copra, fresh and canned fruit, clothingpartners: NZ 80%, Japan
Imports: $50 million (c.i.f., 1990) commodities: foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber partners: NZ 49%, Japan, Australia, US
External debt: $124 million (1994)
Industrial production: growth rate NA%; accounts for 5% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 14,000 kW production: 21 million kWh consumption per capita: 741 kWh (1993)
Industries: fruit processing, tourism
Agriculture: accounts for 12% of GDP, export crops - copra, citrusfruits, pineapples, tomatoes, bananas; subsistence crops - yams, taro
Economic aid:recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateralcommitments (1970-89), $128 million; in 1994, Cook Islands received$4.3 million in budget support and $2.7 million in project aid fromNew Zealand, the country's largest source of aid
Currency: 1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5601 (January 1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
@Cook Islands:Transportation
Railroads: 0 km
Highways:total: 187 kmpaved: 35 kmunpaved: gravel 35 km; improved earth 84 km; unimproved earth 33 km(1980)
Ports: Avarua, Avatiu
Merchant marine:total: 1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,464 GRT/2,181 DWT
Airports:total: 7with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 3with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3
@Cook Islands:Communications
Telephone system: 2,052 telephones local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth station
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0radios: 11,000
Television:broadcast stations: 1televisions: 17,000 (1989)
@Cook Islands:Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
________________________________________________________________________
(territory of Australia)
@Coral Sea Islands:Geography
Location: Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of Australia
Map references: Oceania
Area:total area: less than 3 sq kmland area: less than 3 sq kmcomparative area: NAnote: includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a seaarea of about 1 million sq km, with Willis Islets the most important
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 3,095 km
Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical
Terrain: sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays)
Natural resources: negligible
Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% (mostly grass or scrub cover)
Irrigated land: 0 sq km
Environment:current issues: no permanent fresh water resourcesnatural hazards: occasional, tropical cyclonesinternational agreements: NA
Note: important nesting area for birds and turtles
@Coral Sea Islands:People
Population: no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are 3 meteorologists
@Coral Sea Islands:Government
Names:conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territoryconventional short form: Coral Sea Islands
Digraph: CR
Type: territory of Australia administered by the Ministry forEnvironment, Sport, and Territories
Capital: none; administered from Canberra, Australia
Independence: none (territory of Australia)
Flag: the flag of Australia is used
@Coral Sea Islands:Economy
Overview: no economic activity
@Coral Sea Islands:Transportation
Ports: none; offshore anchorage only
@Coral Sea Islands:Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors
________________________________________________________________________
@Costa Rica:Geography
Location: Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and theNorth Pacific Ocean, between Nicaragua and Panama
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:total area: 51,100 sq kmland area: 50,660 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginianote: includes Isla del Coco
Land boundaries: total 639 km, Nicaragua 309 km, Panama 330 km
Coastline: 1,290 km
Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November)
Terrain: coastal plains separated by rugged mountains
Natural resources: hydropower potential
Land use: arable land: 6% permanent crops: 7% meadows and pastures: 45% forest and woodland: 34% other: 8%
Irrigated land: 1,180 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: deforestation, largely a result of the clearing ofland for cattle ranching; soil erosionnatural hazards: occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Atlanticcoast; frequent flooding of lowlands at onset of rainy season; activevolcanoesinternational agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban,Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified -Desertification, Marine Life Conservation
@Costa Rica:People
Population: 3,419,114 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 35% (female 585,976; male 617,456)15-64 years: 60% (female 1,013,491; male 1,036,195)65 years and over: 5% (female 88,050; male 77,946) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 2.24% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 24.88 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 3.47 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 1.02 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 10.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 78.11 years male: 76.21 years female: 80.1 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 3.01 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Costa Rican(s) adjective: Costa Rican
Ethnic divisions: white (including mestizo) 96%, black 2%, Indian 1%,Chinese 1%
Religions: Roman Catholic 95%
Languages: Spanish (official), English; spoken around Puerto Limon
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1984)total population: 93%male: 93%female: 93%
Labor force: 868,300by occupation: industry and commerce 35.1%, government and services33%, agriculture 27%, other 4.9% (1985 est.)
@Costa Rica:Government
Names:conventional long form: Republic of Costa Ricaconventional short form: Costa Ricalocal long form: Republica de Costa Ricalocal short form: Costa Rica
Digraph: CS
Type: democratic republic
Capital: San Jose
Administrative divisions: 7 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose
Independence: 15 September 1821 (from Spain)
National holiday: Independence Day, 15 September (1821)
Constitution: 9 November 1949
Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch:chief of state and head of government: President Jose Maria FIGUERESOlsen (since 8 May 1994); First Vice President Rodrigo OREAMUNO Blanco(since 8 May 1994); Second Vice President Rebeca GRYNSPAN Mayufis(since 8 May 1994); election last held 6 February 1994 (next to beheld February 1998); results - President FIGUERES (PLN party) 49.7%,Miquel Angel RODRIGUEZ (PUSC party) 47.5%cabinet: Cabinet; selected by the president
Legislative branch: unicameral Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa): elections last held 6 February 1994 (next to be held February 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (61 total) PLN 28, PUSC 29, minority parties 4
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Corte Suprema)
Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Party (PLN), ManuelAGUILAR Bonilla; Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC), Rafael AngelCALDERON Fournier; Marxist Popular Vanguard Party (PVP), HumbertoVARGAS Carbonell; New Republic Movement (MNR), Sergio Erick ARDONRamirez; Progressive Party (PP), Isaac Felipe AZOFEIFA Bolanos;People's Party of Costa Rica (PPC), Lenin CHACON Vargas; RadicalDemocratic Party (PRD), Juan Jose ECHEVERRIA Brealey
Other political or pressure groups: Costa Rican Confederation ofDemocratic Workers (CCTD, Liberation Party affiliate); ConfederatedUnion of Workers (CUT, Communist Party affiliate); AuthenticConfederation of Democratic Workers (CATD, Communist Party affiliate);Chamber of Coffee Growers; National Association for EconomicDevelopment (ANFE); Free Costa Rica Movement (MCRL, rightwingmilitants); National Association of Educators (ANDE)
Member of: AG (observer), BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB,IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM(observer), OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL,WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Sonia PICADO chancery: 2114 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-2945 FAX: [1] (202) 265-4795 consulate(s) general: Albuquerque, Atlanta, Chicago, Durham, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Orlando, Philadelphia, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico) consulate(s): Austin
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: US Ambassador to Costa Rica Peter DE VOS embassy: Pavas Road, San Jose mailing address: APO AA 34020 telephone: [506] 220-3939 FAX: [506] 220-2305
Flag: five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and blue, with the coat of arms in a white disk on the hoist side of the red band
@Costa Rica:Economy
Overview: Costa Rica's basically stable and progressive economy depends especially on tourism and export of bananas, coffee, and other agricultural products. In 1994 the economy grew at an estimated 4.3%, compared with 6.5% in 1993, 7.7% in 1992, and 2.1% in 1991. Inflation in 1993 dropped to 9% from 17% in 1992 and 25% in 1991, an indication of basic financial stability. Unemployment is officially reported at only 4.0%, but there is much underemployment. Costa Rica signed a free trade agreement with Mexico in 1994.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $16.9 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 4.3% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $5,050 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 9% (1993 est.)
Unemployment rate: 4% (1993); much underemployment
Budget:revenues: $1.1 billionexpenditures: $1.34 billion, including capital expenditures of $110million (1991 est.)
Exports: $2.1 billion (f.o.b., 1993)commodities: coffee, bananas, textiles, sugarpartners: US, Germany, Italy, Guatemala, El Salvador, Netherlands, UK,France
Imports: $2.9 billion (c.i.f., 1993)commodities: raw materials, consumer goods, capital equipment,petroleumpartners: US, Japan, Mexico, Guatemala, Venezuela, Germany
External debt: $3.2 billion (1991)
Industrial production: growth rate 10.5% (1992); accounts for 22% ofGDP
Electricity: capacity: 1,040,000 kW production: 4.1 billion kWh consumption per capita: 1,164 kWh (1993)
Industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products
Agriculture: accounts for 19% of GDP and 70% of exports; cash commodities - coffee, beef, bananas, sugar; other food crops include corn, rice, beans, potatoes; normally self-sufficient in food except for grain; depletion of forest resources resulting in lower timber output
Illicit drugs: transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from SouthAmerica; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.4 billion;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-89), $935 million; Communist countries (1971-89), $27 million
Currency: 1 Costa Rican colon (C) = 100 centimos
Exchange rates: Costa Rican colones (C) per US$1 - 164.39 (December 1994), 157.07 (1994), 142.17 (1993), 134.51 (1992), 122.43 (1991), 91.58 (1990)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Costa Rica:Transportation
Railroads:total: 950 km (260 km electrified)narrow gauge: 950 km 1.067-m gauge
Highways: total: 35,560 km paved: 5,600 km unpaved: gravel and earth 29,960 km (1992)
Inland waterways: about 730 km, seasonally navigable
Pipelines: petroleum products 176 km
Ports: Caldera, Golfito, Moin, Puerto Limon, Puerto Quepos, Puntarenas
Merchant marine: none
Airports:total: 174with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 17with paved runways under 914 m: 117with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 36
@Costa Rica:Communications
Telephone system: 292,000 telephones; very good domestic telephoneservicelocal: NAintercity: NAinternational: connection into Central American Microwave System; 1INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 71, FM 0, shortwave 13radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 18televisions: NA
@Costa Rica:Defense Forces
Branches: Civil Guard, Coast Guard, Air Section, Rural AssistanceGuard; note - the Constitution prohibits armed forces
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 896,516; males fit for militaryservice 602,785; males reach military age (18) annually 32,815 (1995est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $22 million, 0.5% ofGDP (1989)
________________________________________________________________________
(also known as Ivory Coast)
@Cote D'ivoire:Geography
Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, betweenGhana and Liberia
Map references: Africa
Area:total area: 322,460 sq kmland area: 318,000 sq kmcomparative area: slightly larger than New Mexico
Land boundaries: total 3,110 km, Burkina 584 km, Ghana 668 km, Guinea610 km, Liberia 716 km, Mali 532 km
Coastline: 515 km
Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)
Terrain: mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest
Natural resources: petroleum, diamonds, manganese, iron ore, cobalt, bauxite, copper
Land use: arable land: 9% permanent crops: 4% meadows and pastures: 9% forest and woodland: 26% other: 52%
Irrigated land: 620 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: deforestation (most of the country's forests - oncethe largest in West Africa - have been cleared by the timberindustry); water pollution from sewage and industrial and agriculturaleffluentsnatural hazards: coast has heavy surf and no natural harbors; duringthe rainy season torrential flooding is possibleinternational agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, TropicalTimber 83; signed, but not ratified - Desertification
@Cote D'ivoire:People
Population: 14,791,257 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 48% (female 3,506,147; male 3,534,751)15-64 years: 50% (female 3,619,759; male 3,820,999)65 years and over: 2% (female 142,366; male 167,235) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 3.38% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 46.17 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 14.95 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: since 1989, over 350,000 refugees have fled to Cote d'Ivoire to escape the civil war in Liberia; if a lasting peace is achieved in Liberia in 1995, large numbers of refugees can be expected to return to their homes
Infant mortality rate: 93.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 48.87 years male: 46.52 years female: 51.29 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 6.61 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Ivorian(s) adjective: Ivorian
Ethnic divisions: Baoule 23%, Bete 18%, Senoufou 15%, Malinke 11%, Agni, foreign Africans (mostly Burkinabe and Malians, about 3 million), non-Africans 130,000 to 330,000 (French 30,000 and Lebanese 100,000 to 300,000)
Religions: indigenous 25%, Muslim 60%, Christian 12%
Languages: French (official), 60 native dialects; Dioula is the mostwidely spoken
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1988)total population: 34%male: 44%female: 23%
Labor force: 5.718 millionby occupation: over 85% of population engaged in agriculture,forestry, livestock raising; about 11% of labor force are wageearners, nearly half in agriculture and the remainder in government,industry, commerce, and professions
@Cote D'ivoire:Government
Names:conventional long form: Republic of Cote d'Ivoireconventional short form: Cote d'Ivoirelocal long form: Republique de Cote d'Ivoirelocal short form: Cote d'Ivoireformer: Ivory Coast
Digraph: IV
Type: republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960
Capital: Yamoussoukronote: although Yamoussoukro has been the capital since 1983, Abidjanremains the administrative center; foreign governments, including theUnited States, maintain presence in Abidjan
Administrative divisions: 50 departments (departements, singular -departement); Abengourou, Abidjan, Aboisso, Adzope, Agboville,Agnibilekrou, Bangolo, Beoumi, Biankouma, Bondoukou, Bongouanou,Bouafle, Bouake, Bouna, Boundiali, Dabakala, Daloa, Danane, Daoukro,Dimbokro, Divo, Duekoue, Ferkessedougou, Gagnoa, Grand-Lahou, Guiglo,Issia, Katiola, Korhogo, Lakota, Man, Mankono, Mbahiakro, Odienne,Oume, Sakassou, San-Pedro, Sassandra, Seguela, Sinfra, Soubre, Tabou,Tanda, Tingrela, Tiassale, Touba, Toumodi, Vavoua, Yamoussoukro,Zuenoula
Independence: 7 August 1960 (from France)
National holiday: National Day, 7 December
Constitution: 3 November 1960; has been amended numerous times, last time November 1990
Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: President Henri Konan BEDIE (since 7 December 1993)constitutional successor who will serve during the remainder of theterm of former President Felix HOUPHOUET-BOIGNY who died in officeafter continuous service from November 1960 (next election October1995)head of government: Prime Minister Daniel Kablan DUNCAN (since 10December 1993)cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister
Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale): elections last held 25 November 1990 (next to be held November 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (175 total) PDCI 163, FPI 9, PIT 1, independents 2
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)
Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party of the Cote d'Ivoire(PDCI), Henri Konan BEDIE; Rally of the Republicans (RDR), DjenyKOBINA; Ivorian Popular Front (FPI), Laurent GBAGBO; Ivorian Worker'sParty (PIT), Francis WODIE; Ivorian Socialist Party (PSI), MorifereBAMBA; over 20 smaller parties
Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ,G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD,UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WADB, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:chief of mission: Ambassador Moise KOUMOUE-KOFFIchancery: 2424 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 797-0300
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Hume A. HORAN embassy: 5 Rue Jesse Owens, Abidjan mailing address: 01 B. P. 1712, Abidjan telephone: [225] 21 09 79, 21 46 72 FAX: [225] 22 32 59
Flag: three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France
@Cote D'ivoire:Economy
Overview: Cote d'Ivoire is among the world's largest producers and exporters of coffee, cocoa beans, and palm-kernel oil. Consequently, the economy is highly sensitive to fluctuations in international prices for coffee and cocoa and to weather conditions. Despite attempts by the government to diversify, the economy is still largely dependent on agriculture and related industries. After several years of lagging performance, the Ivorian economy began a comeback in 1994, due to improved prices for cocoa and coffee, growth in non-traditional primary exports such as pineapples and rubber, trade and banking liberalization, offshore oil and gas discoveries, and generous external financing and debt rescheduling by multilateral lenders and France. The 50% devaluation in January 1994 caused a one time jump in the inflation rate. Government adherence to a renewed structural adjustment program has led to a budget surplus for the first time in several years, a smaller personnel budget, and an increase in public investment. While real growth in 1994 was only 1.5%, the IMF and World Bank expect it will surpass 6% in 1995.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $20.5 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 1.5% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $1,430 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
Unemployment rate: 14% (1985)
Budget:revenues: $1.9 billionexpenditures: $3.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $408million (1993)
Exports: $2.7 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: cocoa 30%, coffee 20%, tropical woods 11%, petroleum, cotton, bananas, pineapples, palm oil, cotton partners: France, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Burkina, US, Belgium, UK (1992)
Imports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: food, capital goods, consumer goods, fuel partners: France, Nigeria, Japan, Netherlands, US (1992)
External debt: $17.3 billion (1993 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 0% (1993 est.); accounts for 20% ofGDP, including petroleum
Electricity: capacity: 1,170,000 kW production: 1.8 billion kWh consumption per capita: 123 kWh (1993)
Industries: foodstuffs, wood processing, oil refining, automobile assembly, textiles, fertilizer, beverages
Agriculture: most important sector, contributing one-third to GDP and80% to exports; cash crops include coffee, cocoa beans, timber,bananas, palm kernels, rubber; food crops - corn, rice, manioc, sweetpotatoes; not self-sufficient in bread grain and dairy products
Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis; mostly for localconsumption; some international drug trade; transshipment point forSouthwest and Southeast Asian heroin to Europe and occasionally to theUS
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $356 million;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-88), $5.2 billion
Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1- 529.43 (January 1995), 555.20 (1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992),282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990)note: beginning 12 January 1994, the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since1948
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Cote D'ivoire:Transportation
Railroads:total: 660 km (25 km double track)narrow gauge: 660 km 1.000-meter gauge
Highways:total: 46,600 kmpaved: 3,600 kmunpaved: gravel, crushed stone, improved earth 32,000 km; unimprovedearth 11,000 km
Inland waterways: 980 km navigable rivers, canals, and numerouscoastal lagoons
Ports: Abidjan, Aboisso, Dabou, San-Pedro
Merchant marine:total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 49,671 GRT/69,216 DWTships by type: chemical tanker 1, container 2, oil tanker 1,roll-on/roll-off cargo 1
Airports:total: 40with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4with paved runways under 914 m: 11with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 6with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 16
@Cote D'ivoire:Communications
Telephone system: 87,700 telephones; well-developed by Africanstandards but operating well below capacity; consists of open-wirelines and radio relay microwave linkslocal: NAintercity: NA microwave radio relayinternational: 2 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earthstations; 2 coaxial submarine cables
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 71, FM 0, shortwave 13radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 18televisions: NA
@Cote D'ivoire:Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary Gendarmerie,Presidential Guard, Military Fire Group
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 3,318,314; males fit formilitary service 1,724,020; males reach military age (18) annually154,120 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $140 million, 1.4% ofGDP (1993)
________________________________________________________________________
@Croatia:Geography
Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, betweenBosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
Map references: Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe
Area:total area: 56,538 sq kmland area: 56,410 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than West Virginia
Land boundaries: total 2,028 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 932 km,Hungary 329 km, Serbia and Montenegro 266 km (241 km with Serbia; 25km with Montenego), Slovenia 501 km
Coastline: 5,790 km (mainland 1,778 km, islands 4,012 km)
Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
International disputes: Ethnic Serbs have occupied UN protected areas in eastern Croatia and along the western Bosnia and Herzegovinian border
Climate: Mediterranean and continental; continental climatepredominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, drysummers along coast
Terrain: geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coast, coastline, and islands
Natural resources: oil, some coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt
Land use: arable land: 32% permanent crops: 20% meadows and pastures: 18% forest and woodland: 15% other: 15%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:current issues: air pollution (from metallurgical plants) andresulting acid rain is damaging the forests; coastal pollution fromindustrial and domestic waste; widespread casualties and destructionof infrastructure in border areas affected by civil strifenatural hazards: frequent and destructive earthquakesinternational agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Hazardous Wastes,Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification
Note: controls most land routes from Western Europe to Aegean Sea andTurkish Straits
@Croatia:People
Population: 4,665,821 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 19% (female 418,272; male 442,064)15-64 years: 68% (female 1,592,187; male 1,588,455)65 years and over: 13% (female 394,650; male 230,193) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.13% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 11.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 10.55 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 8.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.02 years male: 70.59 years female: 77.65 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.62 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Croat(s) adjective: Croatian
Ethnic divisions: Croat 78%, Serb 12%, Muslim 0.9%, Hungarian 0.5%,Slovenian 0.5%, others 8.1% (1991)
Religions: Catholic 76.5%, Orthodox 11.1%, Slavic Muslim 1.2%,Protestant 0.4%, others and unknown 10.8%
Languages: Serbo-Croatian 96%, other 4%
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1991)total population: 97%male: 99%female: 95%
Labor force: 1,509,489 by occupation: industry and mining 37%, agriculture 16% (1981 est.), government NA%, other
@Croatia:Government
Names:conventional long form: Republic of Croatiaconventional short form: Croatialocal long form: Republika Hrvatskalocal short form: Hrvatska
Digraph: HR
Type: parliamentary democracy
Capital: Zagreb
Administrative divisions: 21 counties (zupanijas, zupanija -singular): Bjelovar-Bilogora, City of Zagreb, Dubrovnik-Neretva,Istra, Karlovac, Koprivnica-Krizevci, Krapina-Zagorje, Lika-Senj,Medimurje, Osijek-Baranja, Pozega-Slavonija, Primorje-Gorski Kotar,Sibenik, Sisak-Moslavina, Slavonski Brod-Posavina, Split-Dalmatia,Varazdin, Virovitica-Podravina, Vukovar-Srijem, Zadar-Knin, Zagreb
Independence: 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
National holiday: Statehood Day, 30 May (1990)
Constitution: adopted on 22 December 1990
Legal system: based on civil law system
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)
Executive branch:chief of state: President Franjo TUDJMAN (since 30 May 1990); electionlast held 4 August 1992 (next to be held NA 1997); results - FranjoTUDJMAN reelected with about 56% of the vote; his opponent DobroslavPARAGA got 5% of the votehead of government: Prime Minister Nikica VALENTIC (since 3 April1993); Deputy Prime Ministers Mato GRANIC (since 8 September 1992);Ivica KOSTOVIC (since 14 October 1993); Jure RADIC (since NA);Borislav SKEGRO (since 3 April 1993)cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president
Legislative branch: bicameral parliament Assembly (Sabor)House of Districts (Zupanije Dom): elections last held 7 and 21February 1993 (next to be held NA February 1997); results - percent ofvote by party NA; seats - (68 total; 63 elected, 5 presidentiallyappointed) HDZ 37, HSLS 16, HSS 5, Istrian Democratic Assembly 3,SPH-SDP 1, HNS 1House of Representatives (Predstavnicke Dom): elections last held 2August 1992 (next to be held NA August 1996); results - percent ofvote by party NA; seats - (138 total) HDZ 85, HSLS 14, SPH-SDP 11, HNS6, Dalmatian Action/Istrian Democratic Assembly/ Rijeka DemocraticAlliance coalition 6, HSP 5, HSS 3, SNS 3, independents 5
Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Constitutional Court
Political parties and leaders: Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), ZlatkoCANJUGA, secretary general; Croatian Democratic Independents (HND),Stjepan MESIC, president; Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS), DrazenBUDISA, president; Croatian Democratic Peasant Party (HDSS), AnteBABIC; Croatian Party of Rights (HSP), Ante DAPIC; Croatian Peasants'Party (HSS), Josip PANKRETIC; Croatian People's Party (HNS), RadimirCACIC, president; Dalmatian Action (DA), Mira LJUBIC-LORGER; SerbNational Party (SNS), Milan DJUKIC; Social Democratic Action (SDP),Miko TRIPALO; other small parties include the Istrian DemocraticAssembly and the Rijeka Democratic Alliance
Other political or pressure groups: NA
Member of: CCC, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD,ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (observer), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD,UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Petar A. SARCEVIC chancery: 2343 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 588-5899 FAX: [1] (202) 588-8936 consulate(s) general: New York
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Peter W. GALBRAITH embassy: Andrije Hebranga 2, Zagreb mailing address: US Embassy, Zagreb, Unit 1345, APO AE 09213-1345 telephone: [385] (41) 456-000 FAX: [385] (41) 440-235
Flag: red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)
@Croatia:Economy
Overview: Before the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the republic of Croatia, after Slovenia, was the most prosperous and industrialized area, with a per capita output perhaps one-third above the Yugoslav average. At present, Croatian Serb Separatists control approximately one-third of the Croatian territory, and one of the overriding determinants of Croatia's long-term political and economic prospects will be the resolution of this territorial dispute. Croatia faces serious economic problems stemming from: the legacy of longtime Communist mismanagement of the economy; large foreign debt; damage during the fighting to bridges, factories, power lines, buildings, and houses; the large refugee population, both Croatian and Bosnian; and the disruption of economic ties to Serbia and the other former Yugoslav republics, as well as within its own territory. At the minimum, extensive Western aid and investment, especially in the tourist and oil industries, would seem necessary to revive the moribund economy. However, peace and political stability must come first; only then will recent government moves toward a "market-friendly" economy restore old levels of output. As of February 1995, fighting continues among Croats, Serbs, and Muslims, and national boundaries and final political arrangements are still in doubt.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $12.4 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 3.4% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $2,640 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3% (1994 est.)
Unemployment rate: 17% (December 1994)
Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports: $3.9 billion (f.o.b., 1993) commodities: machinery and transport equipment 30%, other manufacturers 37%, chemicals 11%, food and live animals 9%, raw materials 6.5%, fuels and lubricants 5% (1990) partners: EC countries, Slovenia
Imports: $4.7 billion (c.i.f., 1993) commodities: machinery and transport equipment 21%, fuels and lubricants 19%, food and live animals 16%, chemicals 14%, manufactured goods 13%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 9%, raw materials 6.5%, beverages and tobacco 1% (1990) partners: EC countries, Slovenia, FSU countries
External debt: $2.9 billion (September 1994)
Industrial production: growth rate -4% (1994 est.)
Electricity: capacity: 3,570,000 kW production: NA kWh consumption per capita: NA kWh (1993)
Industries: chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum reduction, paper, wood products (including furniture), building materials (including cement), textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food processing and beverages
Agriculture: Croatia normally produces a food surplus; most agricultural land in private hands and concentrated in Croat-majority districts in Slavonia and Istria; much of Slavonia's land has been put out of production by fighting; wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, alfalfa, and clover are main crops in Slavonia; central Croatian highlands are less fertile but support cereal production, orchards, vineyards, livestock breeding, and dairy farming; coastal areas and offshore islands grow olives, citrus fruits, and vegetables
Economic aid: recipient: IMF, $192 million
Currency: 1 Croatian kuna (HRK) = 100 paras
Exchange rates: Croatian kuna per US $1 - 5.6144 (November 1994)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Croatia:Transportation
Railroads:total: 2,699 kmstandard gauge: 2,699 km 1.435-m gauge (963 km electrified)note: disrupted by territorial dispute (1994)
Highways:total: 27,368 kmpaved: 22,176 km (302 km of expressways)unpaved: 5,192 km (1991)
Inland waterways: 785 km perennially navigable
Pipelines: crude oil 670 km; petroleum products 20 km; natural gas 310 km (1992); note - now disrupted because of territorial dispute
Ports: Dubrovnik, Omis, Ploce, Pula, Rijeka, Sibenik, Split, Zadar
Merchant marine:total: 35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 181,565 GRT/225,533 DWTships by type: bulk 1, cargo 20, chemical tanker 1, container 2, oiltanker 2, passenger 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2,short-sea passenger 4note: also controlled by Croatian shipowners are 134 ships (1,000 GRTor over) totaling 3,286,231 DWT that operate under Maltese and SaintVincent and the Grenadines registry
Airports:total: 76with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1with paved runways under 914 m: 55with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 8
@Croatia:Communications
Telephone system: 350,000 telephoneslocal: NAintercity: NAinternational: no satellite links
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 14, FM 8, shortwave 0radios: 1.1 million
Television:broadcast stations: 12 (repeaters 2)televisions: 1.027 million
@Croatia:Defense Forces
Branches: Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces,Frontier Guard, Home Guard
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,183,184; males fit formilitary service 943,749; males reach military age (19) annually32,831 (1995 est.)