Imports: $22.5 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)commodities: military equipment, investment goods, rough diamonds,oil, other productive inputs, consumer goodspartners: EU, US, Japan
External debt: $25.9 billion (November 1994 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 8% (1994 est.); accounts for about 30% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 4,140,000 kW production: 23 billion kWh consumption per capita: 4,290 kWh (1993)
Industries: food processing, diamond cutting and polishing, textiles and apparel, chemicals, metal products, military equipment, transport equipment, electrical equipment, miscellaneous machinery, potash mining, high-technology electronics, tourism
Agriculture: citrus and other fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef,poultry, dairy products
Illicit drugs: increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuseand trafficking
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $18.2 billion;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-89), $2.8 billion
Currency: 1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot
Exchange rates: new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1 - 3.070 (December 1994), 3.0111 (1994), 2.8301 (1993), 2.4591 (1992), 2.2791 (1991), 2.0162 (1990), 1.9164 (1989)
Fiscal year: calendar year (since 1 January 1992)
@Israel:Transportation
Railroads:total: 520 km (diesel operated; single track)standard gauge: 520 km 1.435-m gauge
Highways:total: 13,461 kmpaved: 13,461 km
Pipelines: crude oil 708 km; petroleum products 290 km; natural gas 89km
Ports: Ashdod, Ashqelon, Elat, Hadera, Haifa, Tel Aviv-Yafo
Merchant marine:total: 32 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 624,861 GRT/720,765 DWTships by type: cargo 7, container 22, refrigerated cargo 2,roll-on/roll-off cargo 1
Airports:total: 57with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7with paved runways under 914 m: 31with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3
@Israel:Communications
Telephone system: 1,800,000 telephones; most highly developed in theMiddle East although not the largestlocal: NAintercity: good system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relayinternational: 3 submarine cables; 3 INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1Indian Ocean) earth stations
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 9, FM 45, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 20televisions: NA
@Israel:Defense Forces
Branches: Israel Defense Forces (includes ground, naval, and air components), Pioneer Fighting Youth (Nahal), Frontier Guard, Chen (women); note - historically there have been no separate Israeli military services
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,309,502; females age 15-49 1,283,923; males fit for military service 1,072,501; females fit for military service 1,047,575; males reach military age (18) annually 47,950; females reach military age (18) annually 45,839 (1995 est.) note: military service mandatory for men and women
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $6.5 billion, about 10% of GDP (1995)
________________________________________________________________________
@Italy:Geography
Location: Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the centralMediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia
Map references: Europe
Area:total area: 301,230 sq kmland area: 294,020 sq kmcomparative area: slightly larger than Arizonanote: includes Sardinia and Sicily
Land boundaries: total 1,899.2 km, Austria 430 km, France 488 km, HolySee (Vatican City) 3.2 km, San Marino 39 km, Slovenia 199 km,Switzerland 740 km
Coastline: 4,996 km
Maritime claims:continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitationterritorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south
Terrain: mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands
Natural resources: mercury, potash, marble, sulfur, dwindling natural gas and crude oil reserves, fish, coal
Land use: arable land: 32% permanent crops: 10% meadows and pastures: 17% forest and woodland: 22% other: 19%
Irrigated land: 31,000 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: air pollution from industrial emissions such as sulfurdioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial andagricultural effluents; acid rain damaging lakes; inadequateindustrial waste treatment and disposal facilitiesnatural hazards: regional risks include landslides, mudflows,avalanches, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding; land subsidencein Veniceinternational agreements: party to - Air Pollution, AirPollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty,Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, TropicalTimber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-EnvironmentalProtocol, Desertification
Note: strategic location dominating central Mediterranean as well assouthern sea and air approaches to Western Europe
@Italy:People
Population: 58,261,971 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 15% (female 4,352,325; male 4,603,083)15-64 years: 68% (female 19,969,086; male 19,874,528)65 years and over: 17% (female 5,630,747; male 3,832,202) (July 1995est.)
Population growth rate: 0.21% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 10.89 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 9.78 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 1.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 77.85 years male: 74.67 years female: 81.23 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.41 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:noun: Italian(s)adjective: Italian
Ethnic divisions: Italian (includes small clusters of German-,French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and Albanian-Italians andGreek-Italians in the south), Sicilians, Sardinians
Religions: Roman Catholic 98%, other 2%
Languages: Italian, German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige region arepredominantly German speaking), French (small French-speaking minorityin Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene (Slovene-speaking minority in theTrieste-Gorizia area)
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)total population: 97%male: 98%female: 96%
Labor force: 23.988 millionby occupation: services 58%, industry 32.2%, agriculture 9.8% (1988)
@Italy:Government
Names:conventional long form: Italian Republicconventional short form: Italylocal long form: Repubblica Italianalocal short form: Italiaformer: Kingdom of Italy
Digraph: IT
Type: republic
Capital: Rome
Administrative divisions: 20 regions (regioni, singular - regione);Abruzzi, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Emilia-Romagna,Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lazio, Liguria, Lombardia, Marche, Molise,Piemonte, Puglia, Sardegna, Sicilia, Toscana, Trentino-Alto Adige,Umbria, Valle d'Aosta, Veneto
Independence: 17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed)
National holiday: Anniversary of the Republic, 2 June (1946)
Constitution: 1 January 1948
Legal system: based on civil law system, with ecclesiastical law influence; appeals treated as trials de novo; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal (except in senatorial elections,where minimum age is 25)
Executive branch:chief of state: President Oscar Luigi SCALFARO (since 28 May 1992)head of government: Prime Minister (referred to in Italy as thePresident of the Council of Ministers) Lamberto DINI (since 1 February1995)cabinet: Council of Ministers; nominated by the President of theCouncil (i.e., Prime Minister) and approved by the President of theRepublic
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Parlamento)Senate (Senato della Repubblica): elections last held 27-28 March 1994(next must be held by spring 1999, but may be held by end of 1995);results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (326 total, 315elected, 11 appointed senators-for-life) PDS 61, Northern League 60,National Alliance 48, Forza Italia 36, Italian Popular Party 31,Communist Refoundation 18, Greens and The Network 13, ItalianSocialists 13, Christian Democratic Center 12, Democratic Alliance 8,Christian Socialists 5, Pact for Italy 4, Radical Party (PannellaList) 1, others 5Chamber of Deputies (Camera dei Deputati): elections last held 27-28March 1994 (next must be held by spring 1999, but may be held by endof 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (630 total)Northern League 117, PDS 114, Forza Italia 113, National Alliance 109,Communist Refoundation 39, Christian Democratic Center 33, ItalianPopular Party 33, Greens and The Network 20, Democratic Alliance 18,Italian Socialists 16, Pact for Italy 13, Christian Socialists 5
Judicial branch: Constitutional Court (Corte Costituzionale)
Political parties and leaders: Forza Italia (FI), Silvio BERLUSCONI;National Alliance, Gianfranco FINI, party secretary; Northern League -Federal Italy (NL), Umberto BOSSI, president; Italian Social Movement,Pino RAUTI; Democratic Party of the Left (PDS, Massimo D'ALEMA,secretary; Communist Refoundation (RC), Fausto BERTINOTTI; Greens,Gianni MATTIOLI; Italian Socialists, Ottaviano DELTURCO; Rete (TheNetwork), Leoluca ORLANDO; Christian Socialists, Ermanno GORRIERI;Pact for Italy, Mario SEGNI; Italian Popular Party (PPI), RoccoBUTTIGLIONE, Gerardo BIANCO; Christian Democratic Center (CCD), PierFerdinando CASINI; Union of the Democratic Center (UDC), RaffaeleCOSTA; Pannella List, Marco PANNELLA
Other political or pressure groups: the Roman Catholic Church; three major trade union confederations (Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro or CGIL which is PDS-dominated, Confederazione Italiana dei Sindacati Lavoratori or CISL which is centerist, and Unione Italiana del Lavoro or UIL which is center-left); Italian manufacturers and merchants associations (Confindustria, Confcommercio); organized farm groups (Confcoltivatori, Confagricoltura)
Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC, CDB(non-regional), CE, CEI, CERN, EBRD, EC, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, ESA, FAO, G-7, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA,IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC,IOM, ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG,OAS (observer), OECD, ONUSAL, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR,UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMOGIP, UNOMOZ, UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WEU,WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Boris BIANCHERI-CHIAPPORI chancery: 1601 Fuller Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 328-5500 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Miami, New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, San Francisco consulate(s): Detroit and New Orleans
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Reginald BARTHOLOMEW embassy: Via Veneto 119/A, 00187-Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box 100, Rome; APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (6) 46741 FAX: [39] (6) 4882672 consulate(s) general: Florence, Milan, Naples
Flag: three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and is green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of the Cote d'Ivoire, which has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green
@Italy:Economy
Overview: Since World War II the Italian economy has changed from one based on agriculture into a ranking industrial economy, with approximately the same total and per capita output as France and the UK. The country is still divided into a developed industrial north, dominated by private companies, and an undeveloped agricultural south, dominated by large public enterprises. Services account for 48% of GDP, industry 35%, agriculture 4%, and public administration 13%. Most raw materials needed by industry and over 75% of energy requirements must be imported. After growing at an average annual rate of 3% in 1983-90, growth slowed to about 1% in 1991 and 1992, fell by 0.7% in 1993, and recovered to 2% in 1994. In the second half of 1992, Rome became unsettled by the prospect of not qualifying to participate in EU plans for economic and monetary union later in the decade; thus it finally began to address its huge fiscal imbalances. Subsequently, the government has adopted fairly stringent budgets, abandoned its highly inflationary wage indexation system, and started to scale back its extremely generous social welfare programs, including pension and health care benefits. Monetary officials were forced to withdraw the lira from the European monetary system in September 1992 when it came under extreme pressure in currency markets. For the 1990s, Italy faces the problems of pushing ahead with fiscal reform, refurbishing a tottering communications system, curbing pollution in major industrial centers, and adjusting to the new competitive forces accompanying the ongoing expansion and economic integration of the European Union.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $998.9 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 2.2% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $17,180 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.9% (1994)
Unemployment rate: 12.2% (January 1995)
Budget:revenues: $339 billionexpenditures: $431 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA(1994 est.)
Exports: $190.8 billion (f.o.b., 1994)commodities: metals, textiles and clothing, production machinery,motor vehicles, transportation equipment, chemicals, otherpartners: EU 53.4%, US 7.8%, OPEC 3.8% (1994)
Imports: $168.7 billion (c.i.f., 1994)commodities: industrial machinery, chemicals, transport equipment,petroleum, metals, food, agricultural productspartners: EU 56.3%, OPEC 5.3%, US 4.6% (1994)
External debt: $67 billion (1993 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 4.3% (1994 est.); accounts for 35% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 61,630,000 kW production: 209 billion kWh consumption per capita: 4,033 kWh (1993)
Industries: machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics
Agriculture: accounts for about 4% of GDP; self-sufficient in foods other than meat, dairy products, and cereals; principal crops - fruits, vegetables, grapes, potatoes, sugar beets, soybeans, grain, olives; fish catch of 525,000 metric tons in 1990
Illicit drugs: important gateway country for Latin American cocaineand Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market
Economic aid:donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $25.9 billion
Currency: 1 Italian lira (Lit) = 100 centesimi
Exchange rates: Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,609.5 (January 1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Italy:Transportation
Railroads:total: 19,503 kmstandard gauge: 18,230 km 1.435-m gauge (10,499 km electrified; 2,112km privately owned)narrow gauge: 1,273 km 0.950-m to 1.000-m gauge (224 km electrified;1,273 km privately owned)
Highways:total: 305,388 kmpaved: 277,388 km (6,940 km of expressways)unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 23,000 km; earth 5,000 km (1992)
Inland waterways: 2,400 km for various types of commercial traffic,although of limited overall value
Pipelines: crude oil 1,703 km; petroleum products 2,148 km; naturalgas 19,400 km
Ports: Ancona, Augusta, Bari, Cagliari (Sardinia), Catania, Gaeta,Genoa, La Spezia, Livorno, Naples, Oristano (Sardinia), Palermo(Sicily), Piombino, Porto Torres (Sardinia), Ravenna, Savona, Trieste,Venice
Merchant marine:total: 441 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,767,969 GRT/8,547,221DWTships by type: bulk 40, cargo 62, chemical tanker 34, combinationore/oil 3, container 18, liquefied gas tanker 37, multifunctionlarge-load carrier 1, oil tanker 136, passenger 7, roll-on/roll-offcargo 54, short-sea passenger 30, specialized tanker 11, vehiclecarrier 8
Airports:total: 138with paved runways over 3,047 m: 5with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 34with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 15with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 26with paved runways under 914 m: 34with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 22
@Italy:Communications
Telephone system: 25,600,000 telephones; modern, well-developed, fast;fully automated telephone, telex, and data serviceslocal: NAintercity: high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunksinternational: international service by 21 submarine cables, 3satellite earth stations operating in INTELSAT with 3 Atlantic Oceanantennas and 2 Indian Ocean antennas; also participates in INMARSATand EUTELSAT systems
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 135, FM 28 (repeaters 1,840), shortwave 0radios: 16 million
Television:broadcast stations: 83 (repeaters 1,000)televisions: 18 million
@Italy:Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Carabinieri
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 14,934,657; males fit for military service 12,962,594; males reach military age (18) annually 382,142 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $21.5 billion, 2% ofGDP (1994)
________________________________________________________________________
@Jamaica:Geography
Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:total area: 10,990 sq kmland area: 10,830 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than Connecticut
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 1,022 km
Maritime claims:continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitationexclusive economic zone: 200 nmterritorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior
Terrain: mostly mountains with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
Natural resources: bauxite, gypsum, limestone
Land use: arable land: 19% permanent crops: 6% meadows and pastures: 18% forest and woodland: 28% other: 29%
Irrigated land: 350 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrialwaste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution inKingston results from vehicle emissionsnatural hazards: hurricanes (especially July to November)international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Lawof the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear TestBan, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
Note: strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel,the main sea lanes for Panama Canal
@Jamaica:People
Population: 2,574,291 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 33% (female 412,565; male 431,043)15-64 years: 60% (female 786,700; male 770,681)65 years and over: 7% (female 96,348; male 76,954) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.78% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 22.03 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 5.62 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: -8.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 16.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.65 years male: 72.39 years female: 77.01 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.42 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Jamaican(s) adjective: Jamaican
Ethnic divisions: African 76.3%, Afro-European 15.1%, East Indian andAfro-East Indian 3%, white 3.2%, Chinese and Afro-Chinese 1.2%, other1.2%
Religions: Protestant 55.9% (Church of God 18.4%, Baptist 10%, Anglican 7.1%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6.9%, Pentecostal 5.2%, Methodist 3.1%, United Church 2.7%, other 2.5%), Roman Catholic 5%, other, including some spiritual cults 39.1% (1982)
Languages: English, Creole
Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1987)total population: 82%male: 77%female: 86%
Labor force: 1,062,100 by occupation: services 41%, agriculture 22.5%, industry 19%, unemployed 17.5% (1989)
@Jamaica:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Jamaica
Digraph: JM
Type: parliamentary democracy
Capital: Kingston
Administrative divisions: 14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston,Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, SaintElizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny,Westmoreland
Independence: 6 August 1962 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day (first Monday in August) (1962)
Constitution: 6 August 1962
Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsoryICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),represented by Governor General Sir Howard COOKE (since 1 August 1991)
head of government: Prime Minister P. J. PATTERSON (since 30 March 1992); Deputy Prime Minister Seymour MULLINGS (since NA 1993) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister
Legislative branch: bicameral ParliamentSenate: consists of a 21-member body appointed by the governor general
House of Representatives: elections last held 30 March 1993 (next to be held by March 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) PNP 52, JLP 8
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: People's National Party (PNP) P. J.PATTERSON; Jamaica Labor Party (JLP), Edward SEAGA
Other political or pressure groups: Rastafarians (blackreligious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists); New Beginnings Movement(NBM)
Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77,GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF,IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN,UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Richard Leighton BERNAL chancery: 1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 452-0660 FAX: [1] (202) 452-0081 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York
US diplomatic representation:chief of mission: Ambassador J. Gary COOPER (since October 1994)embassy: Jamaica Mutual Life Center, 2 Oxford Road, 3rd floor,Kingstonmailing address: use embassy street addresstelephone: [1] (809) 929-4850 through 4859FAX: [1] (809) 926-6743
Flag: diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles -green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and fly side)
@Jamaica:Economy
Overview: Key sectors in this island economy are bauxite (alumina and bauxite account for more than half of exports) and tourism. The government's tight fiscal and monetary policies, which have been partially successful in curbing inflation, have held growth to 1.2% in 1993 and 2.0% in 1994.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.8 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 2% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $3,050 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 26.7% (1994)
Unemployment rate: 15.7% (1992)
Budget:revenues: $600 millionexpenditures: $736 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(FY90/91 est.)
Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, rum partners: US 47%, UK 11%, Canada 9%, Norway 7%; France 4% (1993)
Imports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, fuel, food, chemicals partners: US 54%, Japan 4.0%, Mexico 6%, UK 4%, Venezuela 3% (1993)
External debt: $3.6 billion (1994 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 0.4% (1992); accounts for almost 30% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 730,000 kW production: 2.6 billion kWh consumption per capita: 988 kWh (1993)
Industries: bauxite mining, tourism, textiles, food processing, light manufactures
Agriculture: accounts for about 7% of GDP, 22% of work force, and 17% of exports; commercial crops - sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, potatoes, vegetables; livestock and livestock products include poultry, goats, milk; not self-sufficient in grain, meat, and dairy products
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for cocaine from Central and SouthAmerica to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis;government has an active cannabis eradication program
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.2 billion;other countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.6billion
Currency: 1 Jamaican dollar (J$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: Jamaican dollars (J$) per US$1 - 33.195 (December 1994), 33.986 (1994), 24.949 (1993), 22.960 (1992), 12.116 (1991), 7.184 (1990)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
@Jamaica:Transportation
Railroads: total: 370 km standard gauge: 370 km 1.435-m gauge
Highways: total: 18,200 km paved: 12,600 km unpaved: gravel 3,200 km; improved earth 2,400 km
Pipelines: petroleum products 10 km
Ports: Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, OchoRios, Port Antonio, Longs Wharf, Rocky Point
Merchant marine:total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,931 GRT/10,545 DWTships by type: bulk 1, oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1
Airports:total: 41with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3with paved runways under 914 m: 31with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 4
@Jamaica:Communications
Telephone system: 127,000 telephones; fully automatic domestictelephone networklocal: NAintercity: NAinternational: 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations; 3 coaxialsubmarine cables
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 8televisions: NA
@Jamaica:Defense Forces
Branches: Jamaica Defense Force (includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard and Air Wing), Jamaica Constabulary Force
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 670,958; males fit for military service 475,235; males reach military age (18) annually 26,244 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $19.3 million, 1% ofGDP (FY91/92)
________________________________________________________________________
(territory of Norway)
@Jan Mayen:Geography
Location: Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and theNorwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland
Map references: Arctic Region
Area:total area: 373 sq kmland area: 373 sq kmcomparative area: slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 124.1 km
Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 10 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 4 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog
Terrain: volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers; Beerenberg is the highest peak, with an elevation of 2,277 meters
Natural resources: none
Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100%
Irrigated land: 0 sq km
Environment:current issues: NAnatural hazards: dominated by the volcano Beerenberg; volcanicactivity resumed in 1970international agreements: NA
Note: barren volcanic island with some moss and grass
@Jan Mayen:People
Population: no permanent inhabitants; note - there are personnel who man the LORAN C base and the weather and coastal services radio station
@Jan Mayen:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Jan Mayen
Digraph: JN
Type: territory of Norway
Capital: none; administered from Oslo, Norway, through a governor (sysselmann) resident in Longyearbyen (Svalbard)
Independence: none (territory of Norway)
@Jan Mayen:Economy
Overview: Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations located on the island.
Electricity: capacity: 15,000 kW production: 40 million kWh consumption per capita: NA kWh (1992)
@Jan Mayen:Transportation
Highways: total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA
Ports: none; offshore anchorage only
Airports: total: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1
@Jan Mayen:Communications
Telephone system: NA telephoneslocal: NAintercity: NAinternational: NA
Radio:broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NAradios: NAnote: radio and meteorological station
Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA
@Jan Mayen:Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of Norway
________________________________________________________________________
@Japan:Geography
Location: Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean peninsula
Map references: Asia
Area:total area: 377,835 sq kmland area: 374,744 sq kmcomparative area: slightly smaller than Californianote: includes Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto,Minami-jima, Okinotori-shima, Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), andVolcano Islands (Kazan-retto)
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 29,751 km
Maritime claims:exclusive fishing zone: 200 nmterritorial sea: 12 nm; 3 nm in the international straits - La Perouseor Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and Eastern and Western Channels of the Koreaor Tsushima Strait
International disputes: islands of Etorofu, Kunashiri, Shikotan, andthe Habomai group occupied by the Soviet Union in 1945, nowadministered by Russia, claimed by Japan; Liancourt Rocks disputedwith South Korea; Senkaku-shoto (Senkaku Islands) claimed by China andTaiwan
Climate: varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north
Terrain: mostly rugged and mountainous
Natural resources: negligible mineral resources, fish
Land use: arable land: 13% permanent crops: 1% meadows and pastures: 1% forest and woodland: 67% other: 18%
Irrigated land: 28,680 sq km (1989)
Environment:current issues: air pollution from power plant emissions results inacid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading waterquality and threatening aquatic life; Japan's appetite for fish andtropical timber is contributing to the depletion of these resources inAsia and elsewherenatural hazards: many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; tsunamisinternational agreements: party to - Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-EnvironmentalProtocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea
Note: strategic location in northeast Asia
@Japan:People
Population: 125,506,492 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 16% (female 9,955,603; male 10,542,973)15-64 years: 69% (female 43,377,425; male 43,843,645)65 years and over: 15% (female 10,514,017; male 7,272,829) (July 1995est.)
Population growth rate: 0.32% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 10.66 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 7.46 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 79.44 years male: 76.6 years female: 82.42 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.56 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Japanese (singular and plural) adjective: Japanese
Ethnic divisions: Japanese 99.4%, other 0.6% (mostly Korean)
Religions: observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including 0.7% Christian)
Languages: Japanese
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1970 est.) total population: 99%
Labor force: 65.87 million (December 1994) by occupation: trade and services 54%, manufacturing, mining, and construction 33%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 7%, government 3% (1988)
@Japan:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Japan
Digraph: JA
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Tokyo
Administrative divisions: 47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba,Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gumma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido,Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi,Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara,Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane,Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama,Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi
Independence: 660 BC (traditional founding by Emperor Jimmu)
National holiday: Birthday of the Emperor, 23 December (1933)
Constitution: 3 May 1947
Legal system: modeled after European civil law system withEnglish-American influence; judicial review of legislative acts in theSupreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage: 20 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989)head of government: Prime Minister Tomiichi MURAYAMA (since 30 June1994); Deputy Prime Minister Yohei KONO (since 30 June 1994)cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the prime minister
Legislative branch: bicameral Diet (Kokkai) consists of an upper house or House of Councillors and a lower house or House of Representatives House of Councillors (Sangi-in): half of the members elected every three years to six-year terms; elections last held on 26 July 1992 (next set to be held 23 July 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (252 total) LDP 106, SDPJ 73, Komeito 24, DSP 12, JCP 11, JNP 4, others 16, independents 6; note - the distribution of seats as of 1 April 1995 is as follows - LDP 94, SDPJ 68, Heisei-kai 47, Shin Ryokufu-kai 16, JCP 11, others 15, vacant 1 House of Representatives (Shugi-in): all members elected every four years to four-year terms; elections last held on 18 July 1993 (next to be held by 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (511 total) LDP 223, SDPJ 70, Shinseito 55, Komeito 51, JNP 35, JCP 15, DSP 15, Sakigake 13, others 4, independents 30; note - the distribution of seats as of 1 April 1995 is as follows - LDP 207, Shinshinto 173, SDPJ 70, Sakigake 21, JCP 15, others 19, vacant 6
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), Yohei KONO, president and Yoshiro MORI, secretary general; Social Democratic Party of Japan (SDPJ), Tomiichi MURAYAMA; Japan Communist Party (JCP), Tetsuzo FUWA, Presidium chairman; Sakigake (Harbinger), Masayoshi TAKEMURA, chairman; Shinshinto (New Frontier Party, NFP), Toshiki KAIFU, chairman and Ichiro OZAWA, secretary general note: Shinshinto was formed in December 1994 by the merger of Shinseito (Japan Renewal Party, JRP), Komeito (Clean Government Party, CGP), Japan New Party (JNP), Democratic Socialist Party (DSP), and several minor groups; Shin Ryokufu-kai is a parliamentary alliance which exists only in the upper house, it includes remnants of Shinseito, JNP, DSP, and a minor labor group; Heisei-kai is a joint bloc of Shinshinto and Komei members; Komei is a group formed from what remains of Komeito in the upper house
Member of: AfDB, AG (observer), APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CCC,CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, G- 2, G- 5, G- 7, G- 8, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA,IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF,IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MTCR, NEA, NSG,OAS (observer), OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR,UNOMOZ, UNRWA, UNU, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Takakazu KURIYAMA chancery: 2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-6700 FAX: [1] (202) 328-2187 consulate(s) general: Agana (Guam), Anchorage, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Honolulu, Houston, Kansas City (Missouri), Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Portland (Oregon), San Francisco, and Seattle consulate(s): Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands)
US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Walter F. MONDALE embassy: 10-5, Akasaka 1-chome, Minato-ku (107), Tokyo mailing address: Unit 45004, Box 258, Tokyo; APO AP 96337-0001 telephone: [81] (3) 3224-5000 FAX: [81] (3) 3505-1862 consulate(s) general: Naha (Okinawa), Osaka-Kobe, Sapporo consulate(s): Fukuoka, Nagoya
Flag: white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center
@Japan:Economy
Overview: Government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, and a comparatively small defense allocation (roughly 1% of GDP) have helped Japan advance with extraordinary rapidity to the rank of second most powerful economy in the world. Industry, the most important sector of the economy, is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. Usually self-sufficient in rice, Japan must import about 50% of its requirements of other grain and fodder crops. Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch. Overall economic growth has been spectacular: a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s and 1980s. Economic growth came to a halt in 1992-93 largely because of contractionary domestic policies intended to wring speculative excesses from the stock and real estate markets. Growth resumed at a 0.6% pace in 1994 largely because of consumer demand. As for foreign trade, the stronger yen and slower global growth are containing export growth. Unemployment and inflation remain remarkably low in comparison with the other industrialized nations. Japan continues to run a huge trade surplus - $121 billion in 1994, roughly the same size as in 1993 - which supports extensive investment in foreign assets. Prime Minister MURAYAMA has yet to formalize his government's plans for administrative and economic reform, including reduction in the trade surplus. As leader of a coalition government, he has softened his own socialist positions. The crowding of the habitable land area and the aging of the population are two major long-run problems.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.5274 trillion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 0.6% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $20,200 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.7% (1994)
Unemployment rate: 2.9% (1994)
Budget:revenues: $569 billionexpenditures: $671 billion, including capital expenditures (publicworks only) of about $126 billion (1994 est.)
Exports: $395.5 billion (f.o.b., 1994)commodities: manufactures 97% (including machinery 46%, motor vehicles20%, consumer electronics 10%)partners: Southeast Asia 33%, US 29%, Western Europe 18%, China 5%
Imports: $274.3 billion (c.i.f., 1994)commodities: manufactures 52%, fossil fuels 20%, foodstuffs and rawmaterials 28%partners: Southeast Asia 25%, US 23%, Western Europe 15%, China 9%
External debt: $NA
Industrial production: growth rate 1% (1994); accounts for 30% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 205,140,000 kW production: 840 billion kWh consumption per capita: 6,262 kWh (1993)
Industries: steel and non-ferrous metallurgy, heavy electrical equipment, construction and mining equipment, motor vehicles and parts, electronic and telecommunication equipment and components, machine tools and automated production systems, locomotives and railroad rolling stock, shipbuilding, chemicals, textiles, food processing
Agriculture: accounts for only 2% of GDP; highly subsidized and protected sector, with crop yields among highest in world; principal crops - rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; animal products include pork, poultry, dairy and eggs; about 50% self-sufficient in food production; shortages of wheat, corn, soybeans; world's largest fish catch of 10 million metric tons in 1991
Economic aid:donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-94), $132 billionnote: ODA outlay of $9.9 billion in 1994 (est.)
Currency: yen (Y)
Exchange rates: yen (Y) per US$1 - 99.75 (January 1995), 102.21 (1994), 111.20 (1993), 126.65 (1992), 134.71 (1991), 144.79 (1990)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
@Japan:Transportation
Railroads:total: 27,327 km (5,724 km double track and multitrack sections)standard gauge: 2,012 km 1.435-m gauge (2,012 km electrified)narrow gauge: 25,315 km predominantly 1.067-m gauge (9,038 kmelectrified) (1987)
Highways:total: 1,111,974 kmpaved: 754,102 km (including 4,869 km of national expressways)unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, or earth 357,872 km (1991)
Inland waterways: about 1,770 km; seagoing craft ply all coastalinland seas
Pipelines: crude oil 84 km; petroleum products 322 km; natural gas1,800 km
Ports: Akita, Amagasaki, Chiba, Hachinohe, Hakodate, Higashi-Harima,Himeji, Hiroshima, Kawasaki, Kinuura, Kobe, Kushiro, Mizushima, Moji,Nagoya, Osaka, Sakai, Sakaide, Shimizu, Tokyo, Tomakomai
Merchant marine:total: 851 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 18,195,386GRT/27,292,044 DWTships by type: bulk 210, cargo 63, chemical tanker 7, combinationore/oil 7, container 41, liquefied gas tanker 41, multifunctionlarge-load carrier 1, oil tanker 264, passenger 10, passenger-cargo 5,refrigerated cargo 48, roll-on/roll-off cargo 43, short-sea passenger30, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 79note: Japan owns an additional 1,537 ships (1,000 GRT or over)totaling 45,490,202 DWT that operate under Panamanian, Liberian,Vanuatu, Bahamian, Singaporian, Cypriot, Philippines, Hong Kong, andMaltese registry
Airports:total: 175with paved runways over 3,047 m: 6with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 31with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 36with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 30with paved runways under 914 m: 70with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2
@Japan:Communications
Telephone system: 64,000,000 telephones; excellent domestic andinternational servicelocal: NAintercity: NAinternational: 5 INTELSAT (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) earthstations; submarine cables to US (via Guam), Philippines, China, andRussia
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 318, FM 58, shortwave 0radios: 95 million
Television:broadcast stations: 12,350 (1 kW or greater 196)televisions: 100 million
@Japan:Defense Forces
Branches: Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (Army), Japan MaritimeSelf-Defense Force (Navy), Japan Air Self-Defense Force (Air Force)
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 31,947,532; males fit formilitary service 27,494,758; males reach military age (18) annually910,970 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $47.2 billion, 1% ofGDP (FY95/96)
________________________________________________________________________
(territory of the US)
@Jarvis Island:Geography
Location: Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to the Cook Islands
Map references: Oceania
Area:total area: 4.5 sq kmland area: 4.5 sq kmcomparative area: about 7.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington,DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 8 km
Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Terrain: sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
Natural resources: guano (deposits worked until late 1800s)
Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100%
Irrigated land: 0 sq km
Environment:current issues: no natural fresh water resourcesnatural hazards: the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island canbe a maritime hazardinternational agreements: NA
Note: sparse bunch grass, prostrate vines, and low-growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife; feral cats
@Jarvis Island:People
Population: uninhabited; note - Millersville settlement on western side of island occasionally used as a weather station from 1935 until World War II, when it was abandoned; reoccupied in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year by scientists who left in 1958; public entry is by special-use permit only and generally restricted to scientists and educators
@Jarvis Island:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Jarvis Island
Digraph: DQ
Type: unincorporated territory of the US administered by the Fish andWildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of theNational Wildlife Refuge System
Capital: none; administered from Washington, DC
@Jarvis Island:Economy
Overview: no economic activity
@Jarvis Island:Transportation
Ports: none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one boat landing area in the middle of the west coast and another near the southwest corner of the island
Note: there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast
@Jarvis Island:Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by theUS Coast Guard
________________________________________________________________________
(British crown dependency)
@Jersey:Geography
Location: Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest ofFrance
Map references: Europe
Area:total area: 117 sq kmland area: 117 sq kmcomparative area: about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 70 km
Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: temperate; mild winters and cool summers
Terrain: gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast
Natural resources: agricultural land
Land use: arable land: 57% permanent crops: NA% meadows and pastures: NA% forest and woodland: NA% other: NA%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA
Note: largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier
@Jersey:People
Population: 86,649 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 17% (female 7,029; male 7,450)15-64 years: 69% (female 30,156; male 29,916)65 years and over: 14% (female 7,202; male 4,896) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.7% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 12.83 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 9.97 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 4.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 4.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.9 years male: 73.81 years female: 80.32 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.44 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Channel Islander(s) adjective: Channel Islander
Ethnic divisions: UK and Norman-French descent
Religions: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational NewChurch, Methodist, Presbyterian
Languages: English (official), French (official), Norman-Frenchdialect spoken in country districts
Literacy: NA%
Labor force: NA
@Jersey:Government
Names:conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jerseyconventional short form: Jersey
Digraph: JE
Type: British crown dependency
Capital: Saint Helier
Administrative divisions: none (British crown dependency)
Independence: none (British crown dependency)
National holiday: Liberation Day, 9 May (1945)
Constitution: unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Legal system: English law and local statute
Suffrage: NA years of age; universal adult
Executive branch:Chief of State: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)Head of Government: Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief AirMarshal Sir John SUTTON (since NA 1990); Bailiff Sir Peter L. CRILL(since NA)cabinet: committees; appointed by the States
Legislative branch: unicameral Assembly of the States: elections last held NA (next to be held NA); results - no percent of vote by party since all are independents; seats - (56 total, 52 elected) 52 independents
Judicial branch: Royal Court
Political parties and leaders: none; all independents
Member of: none
Diplomatic representation in US: none (British crown dependency)
US diplomatic representation: none (British crown dependency)
Flag: white with the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland) extending to the corners of the flag
@Jersey:Economy
Overview: The economy is based largely on financial services, agriculture, and tourism. Potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide and represents an important export earner. Milk products go to the UK and other EU countries. In 1986 the finance sector overtook tourism as the main contributor to GDP, accounting for 40% of the island's output. In recent years the government has encouraged light industry to locate in Jersey, with the result that an electronics industry has developed alongside the traditional manufacturing of knitwear. All raw material and energy requirements are imported, as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs.
National product: GDP $NA
National product real growth rate: 8% (1987 est.)
National product per capita: $NA