Radio:broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 1televisions: NA
@Rwanda:Defense Forces
Branches: Army, Gendarmerie
Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,792,326; males fit formilitary service 913,711 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $112.5 million, 7% ofGDP (1992)
________________________________________________________________________
(dependent territory of the UK)
@Saint Helena:Geography
Location: Southern Africa, island in the South Atlantic Ocean, west ofAngola, about two-thirds of the way from South America to Africa
Map references: Africa
Area:total area: 410 sq kmland area: 410 sq kmcomparative area: slightly more than 2.3 times the size of Washington,DCnote: includes Ascension, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island,Nightingale Island, and Tristan da Cunha
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 60 km
Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds
Terrain: rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains
Natural resources: fish; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns, no minerals
Land use: arable land: 7% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 7% forest and woodland: 3% other: 83%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:current issues: NAnatural hazards: active volcanism on Tristan da Cunhainternational agreements: NA
Note: Napoleon Bonaparte's place of exile and burial (the remains were taken to Paris in 1840); harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world
@Saint Helena:People
Population: 6,762 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Population growth rate: 0.31% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 9.5 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 6.43 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 36.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.07 years male: 73.01 years female: 76.89 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.13 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Saint Helenian(s) adjective: Saint Helenian
Ethnic divisions: NA
Religions: Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, RomanCatholic
Languages: English
Literacy: age 20 and over can read and write (1987)total population: 97%male: 97%female: 98%
Labor force: 2,516by occupation: professional, technical, and related workers 8.7%,managerial, administrative, and clerical 12.8%, sales people 8.1%,farmer, fishermen, etc. 5.4%, craftspersons, production processworkers 14.7%, others 50.3% (1987)
@Saint Helena:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Saint Helena
Digraph: SH
Type: dependent territory of the UK
Capital: Jamestown
Administrative divisions: 1 administrative area and 2 dependencies*;Ascension*, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*
Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK)
National holiday: Celebration of the Birthday of the Queen, 10 June 1989 (second Saturday in June)
Constitution: 1 January 1989
Legal system: NA
Suffrage: NA
Executive branch:chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)head of government: Governor A. N. HOOLE (since NA 1991)cabinet: Executive Council
Legislative branch: unicameralLegislative Council: elections last held July 1993 (next to be heldNA); results - percent of vote NA; seats - (15 total, 12 elected)independents 15
Judicial branch: Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: none
Member of: ICFTU
Diplomatic representation in US: none (dependent territory of the UK)
US diplomatic representation: none (dependent territory of the UK)
Flag: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship
@Saint Helena:Economy
Overview: The economy depends primarily on financial assistance from the UK. The local population earns some income from fishing, the raising of livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, a large proportion of the work force has left to seek employment overseas.
National product: GDP $NA
National product real growth rate: NA%
National product per capita: $NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices): -1.1% (1986)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Budget:revenues: $11.2 millionexpenditures: $11 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(FY92/93)
Exports: $27,400 (f.o.b., FY92/93) commodities: fish (frozen and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), handicrafts partners: South Africa, UK
Imports: $9.8 million (c.i.f., FY92/93) commodities: food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts partners: UK, South Africa
External debt: $NA
Industrial production: growth rate NA%
Electricity: capacity: 9,800 kW production: 10 million kWh consumption per capita: NA kWh (1993)
Industries: crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing
Agriculture: maize, potatoes, vegetables; timber production beingdeveloped; crawfishing on Tristan da Cunha
Economic aid:recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateralcommitments (1992-93), $13.5 million
Currency: 1 Saint Helenian pound (#S) = 100 pence
Exchange rates: Saint Helenian pounds (#S) per US$1 - 0.6350 (January 1995), 0.6529 (1994), 0.6033 (1993), 0.5664 (1992), 0.5652 (1991), 0.5603 (1990); note - the Saint Helenian pound is at par with the British pound
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
@Saint Helena:Transportation
Railroads: 0 km
Highways:total: NA (mainland 107 km, Ascension NA, Tristan da Cunha NA)paved: 169.7 km (mainland 87 km, Ascension 80 km, Tristan da Cunha2.70 km)unpaved: NA (mainland 20 km earth roads, Ascension NA, Tristan daCunha NA)
Ports: Georgetown, Jamestown
Merchant marine: none
Airports: total: 1 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1
@Saint Helena:Communications
Telephone system: 550 telephones; automatic networklocal: NAintercity: HF radio links to Ascension, then into worldwide submarinecable and satellite networksinternational: major coaxial submarine cable relay point between SouthAfrica, Portugal, and UK at Ascension; 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean)earth stations
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0radios: 1,500
Television:broadcast stations: 0televisions: NA
@Saint Helena:Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of the UK
________________________________________________________________________
@Saint Kitts And Nevis:Geography
Location: Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, about one-third of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:total area: 269 sq kmland area: 269 sq kmcomparative area: slightly more than 1.5 times the size of Washington,DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 135 km
Maritime claims:contiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to the edge of the continentalmarginterritorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: subtropical tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)
Terrain: volcanic with mountainous interiors
Natural resources: negligible
Land use: arable land: 22% permanent crops: 17% meadows and pastures: 3% forest and woodland: 17% other: 41%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:current issues: NAnatural hazards: hurricanes (July to October)international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone LayerProtection, Whaling
@Saint Kitts And Nevis:People
Population: 40,992 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 35% (female 7,072; male 7,430)15-64 years: 57% (female 11,784; male 11,756)65 years and over: 8% (female 1,729; male 1,221) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.85% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 23.49 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 9.56 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: -5.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 19.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 66.51 years male: 63.51 years female: 69.69 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.56 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Kittsian(s), Nevisian(s) adjective: Kittsian, Nevisian
Ethnic divisions: black African
Religions: Anglican, other Protestant sects, Roman Catholic
Languages: English
Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1980)total population: 97%male: 97%female: 98%
Labor force: 20,000 (1981)
@Saint Kitts And Nevis:Government
Names:conventional long form: Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevisconventional short form: Saint Kitts and Nevisformer: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
Digraph: SC
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Basseterre
Administrative divisions: 14 parishs; Christ Church Nichola Town,Saint Anne Sandy Point, Saint George Basseterre, Saint GeorgeGingerland, Saint James Windward, Saint John Capisterre, Saint JohnFigtree, Saint Mary Cayon, Saint Paul Capisterre, Saint PaulCharlestown, Saint Peter Basseterre, Saint Thomas Lowland, SaintThomas Middle Island, Trinity Palmetto Point
Independence: 19 September 1983 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 19 September (1983)
Constitution: 19 September 1983
Legal system: based on English common law
Suffrage: NA years of age; universal adult
Executive branch:chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),represented by Governor General Sir Clement Athelston ARRINDELL (since19 September 1983, previously Governor General of theWest IndiesAssociated States since NA November 1981)head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Kennedy Alphonse SIMMONDS(since 19 September 1983, previously Premier of the West IndiesAssociated States since NA February 1980); Deputy Prime Minister HughHEYLIGER (since November 1994)cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general in consultationwith the prime minister
Legislative branch: unicameralHouse of Assembly: elections last held 29 November 1993 (next to beheld by 15 November 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA;seats - (14 total, 11 elected) PAM 4, SKNLP 4, NRP 1, CCM 2
Judicial branch: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on SaintLucia)
Political parties and leaders: People's Action Movement (PAM), Dr.Kennedy SIMMONDS; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party (SKNLP), Dr.Denzil DOUGLAS; Nevis Reformation Party (NRP), Simeon DANIEL;Concerned Citizens Movement (CCM), Vance AMORY
Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICFTU,ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS (associate), IMF, INTERPOL, IOC, OAS, OECS, UN,UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Erstein Mallet EDWARDS chancery: Suite 608, 2100 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20037 telephone: [1] (202) 833-3550 FAX: [1] (202) 833-3553
US diplomatic representation: no official presence; covered by embassy in Bridgetown, Barbados
Flag: divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a broad black band bearing two white five-pointed stars; the black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the lower triangle is red
@Saint Kitts And Nevis:Economy
Overview: The economy has traditionally depended on the growing and processing of sugarcane; decreasing world prices have hurt the industry in recent years. Tourism and export-oriented manufacturing have begun to assume larger roles, although they still only account for 7% and 4% of GDP respectively. Growth in the construction and tourism sectors spurred the economic expansion in 1994. Most food is imported.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $210 million (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 4.5% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $5,300 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.6% (1993)
Unemployment rate: 12.2% (1990)
Budget:revenues: $103.2 millionexpenditures: $102.6 million, including capital expenditures of $50.1million (1995 est.)
Exports: $32.4 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: machinery, food, electronics, beverages and tobacco partners: US 50%, UK 30%, CARICOM nations 11% (1992)
Imports: $100 million (f.o.b., 1992) commodities: machinery, manufactures, food, fuels partners: US 43%, CARICOM nations 18%, UK 12%, Canada 4%, Japan 4%, OECS 4% (1992)
External debt: $43.3 million (1992)
Industrial production: growth rate 5.9% (1992 est.)
Electricity: capacity: 15,800 kW production: 45 million kWh consumption per capita: 990 kWh (1993)
Industries: sugar processing, tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages
Agriculture: accounts for 17% of GDP; cash crop - sugarcane; subsistence crops - rice, yams, vegetables, bananas; fishing potential not fully exploited
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for South American drugs destinedfor the US
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY85-88), $10.7 million;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-89), $67 million
Currency: 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Saint Kitts And Nevis:Transportation
Railroads:total: 58 km on Saint Kitts for sugarcanenarrow gauge: 58 km 0.760-m gauge
Highways: total: 300 km paved: 125 km unpaved: otherwise improved 125 km; unimproved earth 50 km
Ports: Basseterre, Charlestown
Merchant marine: none
Airports:total: 2with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1with paved runways under 914 m: 1
@Saint Kitts And Nevis:Communications
Telephone system: 2,400 telephones; good interisland VHF/UHF/SHF radioconnections and international link via Antigua and Barbuda and SaintMartinlocal: NAintercity: interisland links are handled by VHF/UHF/SHF radio; withinthe islands all calls are localinternational: international calls are carried by radio to Antigua andBarbuda and there switched to submarine cable or to INTELSAT, orcarried to Saint Martin by radio and switched to INTELSAT
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 4televisions: NA
@Saint Kitts And Nevis:Defense Forces
Branches: Royal Saint Kitts and Nevis Police Force, Coast Guard
Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
________________________________________________________________________
@Saint Lucia:Geography
Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:total area: 620 sq kmland area: 610 sq kmcomparative area: slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Washington,DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 158 km
Maritime claims:contiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to the edge of the continentalmarginterritorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season fromJanuary to April, rainy season from May to August
Terrain: volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys
Natural resources: forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential
Land use: arable land: 8% permanent crops: 20% meadows and pastures: 5% forest and woodland: 13% other: 54%
Irrigated land: 10 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: deforestation; soil erosion, particularly in thenorthern regionnatural hazards: hurricanes and volcanic activityinternational agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Lawof the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling
@Saint Lucia:People
Population: 156,050 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 35% (female 26,710; male 27,255)15-64 years: 60% (female 47,584; male 46,326)65 years and over: 5% (female 5,040; male 3,135) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.17% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 22.48 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 6.1 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: -4.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 20.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.88 years male: 66.33 years female: 73.67 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.37 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality: noun: Saint Lucian(s) adjective: Saint Lucian
Ethnic divisions: African descent 90.3%, mixed 5.5%, East Indian 3.2%,Caucasian 0.8%
Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, Protestant 7%, Anglican 3%
Languages: English (official), French patois
Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1980)total population: 67%male: 65%female: 69%
Labor force: 43,800by occupation: agriculture 43.4%, services 38.9%, industry andcommerce 17.7% (1983 est.)
@Saint Lucia:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Saint Lucia
Digraph: ST
Type: parliamentary democracy
Capital: Castries
Administrative divisions: 11 quarters; Anse La Raye, Castries,Choiseul, Dauphin, Dennery, Gros Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Praslin,Soufriere, Vieux Fort
Independence: 22 February 1979 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 22 February (1979)
Constitution: 22 February 1979
Legal system: based on English common law
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),represented by Governor General Sir Stanislaus Anthony JAMES (since 10October 1988)head of government: Prime Minister John George Melvin COMPTON (since 3May 1982)cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on advice of theprime minister
Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate: consists of an 11-member body, 6 appointed on the advice of the prime minister, 3 on the advice of the leader of the opposition, and 2 after consultation with religious, economic, and social groups House of Assembly: elections last held 27 April 1992 (next to be held by April 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (17 total) UWP 11, SLP 6
Judicial branch: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders: United Workers' Party (UWP), JohnCOMPTON; Saint Lucia Labor Party (SLP), Julian HUNTE; ProgressiveLabor Party (PLP), Jon ODLUM
Member of: ACCT (associate), ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77,GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ISO (subscriber), NAM,OAS, OECS, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Joseph Edsel EDMUNDS chancery: 3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 364-6792 through 6795 FAX: [1] (202) 364-6728 consulate(s) general: New York
US diplomatic representation: no official presence since theAmbassador resides in Bridgetown (Barbados)
Flag: blue with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; theupper edges of the arrowhead have a white border
@Saint Lucia:Economy
Overview: Though foreign investment in manufacturing and information processing in recent years has increased Saint Lucia's industrial base, the economy remains vulnerable due to its heavy dependence on banana production, which is subject to periodic droughts and tropical storms. Indeed, the destructive effect of Tropical Storm Debbie in mid-1994 caused the loss of 60% of the year's banana crop. Increased competition from Latin American bananas will probably further reduce market prices, exacerbating Saint Lucia's need to diversify its economy in coming years, e.g., by expanding tourism, manufacturing, and construction
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $610 million (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 2% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $4,200 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.8% (1993)
Unemployment rate: 25% (1993 est.)
Budget:revenues: $121 millionexpenditures: $127 million, including capital expenditures of $104million (1992 est.)
Exports: $122.8 million (f.o.b., 1992)commodities: bananas 60%, clothing, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, coconutoilpartners: UK 56%, US 22%, CARICOM 19% (1991)
Imports: $276 million (f.o.b., 1992)commodities: manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportationequipment 21%, food and live animals, chemicals, fuelspartners: US 34%, CARICOM 17%, UK 14%, Japan 7%, Canada 4% (1991)
External debt: $96.4 million (1992 est.)
Industrial production: growth rate 3.5% (1990 est.); accounts for 12% of GDP
Electricity: capacity: 20,000 kW production: 112 million kWh consumption per capita: 693 kWh (1993)
Industries: clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism, lime processing, coconut processing
Agriculture: accounts for 14% of GDP and 43% of labor force; crops - bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus fruit, root crops, cocoa; imports food for the tourist industry
Illicit drugs: transit country for South American drugs destined forthe US and Europe
Economic aid:recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateralcommitments (1970-89), $120 million
Currency: 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)
Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March
@Saint Lucia:Transportation
Railroads: 0 km
Highways: total: 760 km paved: 500 km unpaved: otherwise improved 260 km
Ports: Castries, Vieux Fort
Merchant marine: none
Airports:total: 3with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1with paved runways under 914 m: 1
@Saint Lucia:Communications
Telephone system: 9,500 telephones local: low density (6 telephones/100 persons) but the system is automatically switched intercity: no intercity traffic international: direct microwave link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; interisland troposcatter link to Barbados
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 1 cabletelevisions: NA
@Saint Lucia:Defense Forces
Branches: Royal Saint Lucia Police Force, Coast Guard
Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
________________________________________________________________________
(territorial collectivity of France)
@Saint Pierre And Miquelon:Geography
Location: Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Map references: North America
Area:total area: 242 sq kmland area: 242 sq kmcomparative area: slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Washington,DCnote: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and theMiquelon groups
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 120 km
Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: focus of maritime boundary dispute betweenCanada and France
Climate: cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn arewindy
Terrain: mostly barren rock
Natural resources: fish, deepwater ports
Land use: arable land: 13% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 4% other: 83%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:current issues: NAnatural hazards: persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritimehazardinternational agreements: NA
Note: vegetation scanty
@Saint Pierre And Miquelon:People
Population: 6,757 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Population growth rate: 0.78% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 13.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 5.83 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 0.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 10.77 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76 years male: 74.4 years female: 77.92 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.67 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women)adjective: French
Ethnic divisions: Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Religions: Roman Catholic 98%
Languages: French
Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1982)total population: 99%male: 99%female: 99%
Labor force: 2,850 (1988)by occupation: NA
@Saint Pierre And Miquelon:Government
Names:conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre andMiquelonconventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelonlocal long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelonlocal short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Digraph: SB
Type: territorial collectivity of France
Capital: Saint-Pierre
Administrative divisions: none (territorial collectivity of France)
Independence: none (territorial collectivity of France; has been underFrench control since 1763)
National holiday: National Day, Taking of the Bastille, 14 July
Constitution: 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Legal system: French law
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: President Francois MITTERRAND (since 21 May 1981)head of government: Commissioner of the Republic Yves HENRY (since NADecember 1993); President of the General Council Gerard GRIGNON (sinceNA April 1994)cabinet: Council of Ministers
Legislative branch: unicameralGeneral Council: elections last held NA April 1994 (next to be held NAApril 2000); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (19 total)seats by party NAFrench Senate: elections last held NA September 1986 (next to be heldNA September 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (1total) PS 1French National Assembly: elections last held 21 and 28 March 1993(next to be held NA June 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA;seats - (1 total) UDF 1
Judicial branch: Superior Tribunal of Appeals (Tribunal Superieurd'Appel)
Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party (PS), Albert PEN; Unionfor French Democracy (UDF/CDS), Gerard GRIGNON
Member of: FZ, WFTU
Diplomatic representation in US: none (territorial collectivity ofFrance)
US diplomatic representation: none (territorial collectivity ofFrance)
Flag: the flag of France is used
@Saint Pierre And Miquelon:Economy
Overview: The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre has dropped steadily over the years. In March 1989, an agreement between France and Canada set fish quotas for Saint Pierre's trawlers fishing in Canadian and Canadian-claimed waters for three years. The agreement settles a longstanding dispute that had virtually brought fish exports to a halt. The islands are heavily subsidized by France. Imports come primarily from Canada and France.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $66 million (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate: NA%
National product per capita: $10,000 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA%
Unemployment rate: 9.6% (1990)
Budget:revenues: $18.3 millionexpenditures: $18.3 million, including capital expenditures of $5.5million (1989 est.)
Exports: $30 million (f.o.b., 1991 est.)commodities: fish and fish products, fox and mink peltspartners: US 58%, France 17%, UK 11%, Canada, Portugal (1990)
Imports: $82 million (c.i.f., 1991 est.)commodities: meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery,building materialspartners: Canada, France, US, Netherlands, UK
External debt: $NA
Industrial production: growth rate NA%
Electricity: capacity: 10,000 kW production: 50 million kWh consumption per capita: 6,013 kWh (1993)
Industries: fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets;tourism
Agriculture: vegetables, cattle, sheep, pigs for local consumption;fish catch of 20,500 metric tons (1989)
Economic aid:recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateralcommitments (1970-89), $500 million
Currency: 1 French franc (F) = 100 centimes
Exchange rates: French francs (F) per US$1 - 5.2943 (January 1995), 5.520 (1994), 5.6632 (1993), 5.2938 (1992), 5.6421 (1991), 5.4453 (1990)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Saint Pierre And Miquelon:Transportation
Railroads: 0 km
Highways: total: 120 km paved: 60 km unpaved: earth 60 km (1985)
Ports: Saint Pierre
Merchant marine: none
Airports: total: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2
@Saint Pierre And Miquelon:Communications
Telephone system: 3,601 telephoneslocal: NAintercity: NAinternational: radio communication with most countries in the world; 1satellite link in French domestic satellite system
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 0televisions: NA
@Saint Pierre And Miquelon:Defense Forces
Note: defense is the responsibility of France
________________________________________________________________________
@Saint Vincent And The Grenadines:Geography
Location: Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:total area: 340 sq kmland area: 340 sq kmcomparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: 0 km
Coastline: 84 km
Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm
International disputes: none
Climate: tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season(May to November)
Terrain: volcanic, mountainous; Soufriere volcano on the island ofSaint Vincent
Natural resources: negligible
Land use: arable land: 38% permanent crops: 12% meadows and pastures: 6% forest and woodland: 41% other: 3%
Irrigated land: 10 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:current issues: pollution of coastal waters and shorelines fromdischarges by pleasure yachts and other effluents; in some areaspollution is severe enough to make swimming prohibitivenatural hazards: hurricanes; Soufriere volcano is a constant threatinternational agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Law of theSea, Ship Pollution, Whaling; signed, but not ratified -Desertification
Note: the administration of the islands of the Grenadines group isdivided between Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Grenada
@Saint Vincent And The Grenadines:People
Population: 117,344 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 34% (female 19,551; male 20,185)15-64 years: 61% (female 35,565; male 35,573)65 years and over: 5% (female 3,793; male 2,677) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.65% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 19.62 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 5.46 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: -7.63 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 17.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.66 years male: 71.15 years female: 74.21 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.08 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:noun: Saint Vincentian(s) or Vincentian(s)adjective: Saint Vincentian or Vincentian
Ethnic divisions: African descent, Caucasian, East Indian, CaribIndian
Religions: Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Seventh-Day Adventist
Languages: English, French patois
Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1970)total population: 96%male: 96%female: 96%
Labor force: 67,000 (1984 est.)by occupation: NA
@Saint Vincent And The Grenadines:Government
Names:conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Digraph: VC
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Kingstown
Administrative divisions: 6 parishes; Charlotte, Grenadines, SaintAndrew, Saint David, Saint George, Saint Patrick
Independence: 27 October 1979 (from UK)
National holiday: Independence Day, 27 October (1979)
Constitution: 27 October 1979
Legal system: based on English common law
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952),represented by Governor General David JACK (since 29 September 1989)head of government: Prime Minister James F. MITCHELL (since 30 July1984); Deputy Prime Minister Parnel CAMPBELL (since NA February 1994);note - governor general appoints leader of the majority party toposition of prime ministercabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on the advice ofthe prime minister
Legislative branch: unicameralHouse of Assembly: elections last held 21 February 1994 (next to beheld NA July 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (21total, 15 elected representatives and 6 appointed senators) NDP 12,ULP 3
Judicial branch: Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based on SaintLucia)
Political parties and leaders: New Democratic Party (NDP), JamesMITCHELL (son of Prime Minister James F. MITCHELL); United People'sMovement (UPM), Adrian SAUNDERS; National Reform Party (NRP), JoelMIGUEL; Unity Labor Party (ULP),Vincent BEACHE - formed by thecoalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party (SVLP) and the Movement forNational Unity (MNU)
Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO,ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user),INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU,WCL, WFTU, WHO
Diplomatic representation in US:chief of mission: Ambassador Kingsley C.A. LAYNEchancery: 1717 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Suite 102, Washington, DC20036telephone: [1] (202) 462-7806, 7846FAX: [1] (202) 462-7807
US diplomatic representation: no official presence since theAmbassador resides in Bridgetown (Barbados)
Flag: three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a V pattern
@Saint Vincent And The Grenadines:Economy
Overview: Agriculture, dominated by banana production, is the most important sector of the economy. The services sector, based mostly on a growing tourist industry, is also important. In 1993, economic growth slowed to 1.4%, reflecting a sharp decline in agricultural production caused by drought. The government has been relatively unsuccessful at introducing new industries, and high unemployment rates of 35%-40% continue.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $235 million (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate: 2% (1994 est.)
National product per capita: $2,000 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4% (1993 est.)
Unemployment rate: 35%-40% (1994 est.)
Budget:revenues: $66.2expenditures: $77.3 million, including capital expenditures of $23million (1993 est.)
Exports: $57.1 million (f.o.b., 1993)commodities: bananas, eddoes and dasheen (taro), arrowroot starch,tennis racquetspartners: UK 54%, CARICOM 34%, US 10%
Imports: $134.6 million (f.o.b., 1993)commodities: foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, chemicals andfertilizers, minerals and fuelspartners: US 36%, CARICOM 21%, UK 18%, Trinidad and Tobago 13%
External debt: $74.9 million (1993)
Industrial production: NA
Electricity: capacity: 16,600 kW production: 50 million kWh consumption per capita: 436 kWh (1993)
Industries: food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch
Agriculture: accounts for 14% of GDP and 60% of labor force; provides bulk of exports; products - bananas, coconuts, sweet potatoes, spices; small numbers of cattle, sheep, hogs, goats; small fish catch used locally
Illicit drugs: transshipment point for South American drugs destinedfor the US and Europe
Economic aid:recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $11 million;Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments(1970-89), $81 million
Currency: 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@Saint Vincent And The Grenadines:Transportation
Railroads: 0 km
Highways: total: 1,000 km paved: 300 km unpaved: improved earth 400 km; unimproved earth 300 km
Ports: Kingstown
Merchant marine:total: 580 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,212,812 GRT/8,530,725DWTships by type: bulk 106, cargo 289, chemical tanker 15, combinationbulk 10, combination ore/oil 3, container 36, liquefied gas tanker 5,livestock carrier 2, oil tanker 53, passenger 2, passenger-cargo 1,refrigerated cargo 30, roll-on/roll-off cargo 25, short-sea passenger1, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1note: a flag of convenience registry; includes 16 countries amongwhich are Croatia 49 ships, Russia 23, Slovenia 11, China 8, Germany3, Serbia 2, Latvia 1, Montenegro 1, Georgia 1, UAR 1
Airports:total: 6with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2with paved runways under 914 m: 4
@Saint Vincent And The Grenadines:Communications
Telephone system: 6,500 telephones; islandwide fully automatictelephone systemlocal: NAintercity: VHF/UHF interisland links from Saint Vincent to the otherislands of the Grenadinesinternational: VHF/UHF interisland links from Saint Vincent toBarbados; new SHF links to Grenada and to Saint Lucia
Radio:broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0radios: NA
Television:broadcast stations: 1 cabletelevisions: NA
@Saint Vincent And The Grenadines:Defense Forces
Branches: Royal Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Police Force, CoastGuard
Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP
________________________________________________________________________
@San Marino:Geography
Location: Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references: Europe
Area:total area: 60 sq kmland area: 60 sq kmcomparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries: total 39 km, Italy 39 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims: none; landlocked
International disputes: none
Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Terrain: rugged mountains
Natural resources: building stone
Land use: arable land: 17% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 83%
Irrigated land: NA sq km
Environment:international agreements: NAcurrent issues: NAnatural hazards: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear TestBan; signed, but not ratified - Air Pollution
Note: landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after the HolySee and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines
@San Marino:People
Population: 24,313 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:0-14 years: 16% (female 1,944; male 1,962)15-64 years: 68% (female 8,243; male 8,354)65 years and over: 16% (female 2,198; male 1,612) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate: 0.88% (1995 est.)
Birth rate: 10.98 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate: 7.61 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate: 5.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 5.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 81.27 years male: 77.26 years female: 85.29 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate: 1.52 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)adjective: Sammarinese
Ethnic divisions: Sammarinese, Italian
Religions: Roman Catholic
Languages: Italian
Literacy: age 10 and over can read and write (1976)total population: 96%male: 97%female: 95%
Labor force: 4,300 (est.)by occupation: industry 42%, agriculture 3%
@San Marino:Government
Names:conventional long form: Republic of San Marinoconventional short form: San Marinolocal long form: Repubblica di San Marinolocal short form: San Marino
Digraph: SM
Type: republic
Capital: San Marino
Administrative divisions: 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle
Independence: 301 AD (by tradition)
National holiday: Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic, 3September
Constitution: 8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of thefunctions of a constitution
Legal system: based on civil law system with Italian law influences;has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:co-chiefs of state: Captain Regent Marino BOLLINI and Captain RegentSettimio LONFERNINI (for the period 1 April 1995-30 September 1995)head of government: Secretary of State Gabriele GATTI (since July1986)cabinet: Congress of Statenote: the popularly elected parliament (Great and General Council)selects two of its members to serve as the Captains Regent (Co-Chiefsof State) for a six-month period; they preside over meetings of theGreat and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State) whichhas ten other members, all selected by the Great and General Council;assisting the Captains Regent are three Secretaries of State - ForeignAffairs, Internal Affairs, and Finance - and several additionalsecretaries; the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs has come toassume many of the prerogatives of a prime minister
Legislative branch: unicameral Great and General Council: (Consiglio Grande e Generale) elections last held 30 May 1993 (next to be held by NA May 1998); results - PDCS 41.4%, PSS 23.7%, PDP 18.6%, ADP 7.7%, MD 5.3%, RC 3.3%; seats - (60 total) PDCS 26, PSS 14, PDP 11, ADP 4, MD 3, RC 2
Judicial branch: Council of Twelve (Consiglio dei XII)
Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (PDCS), Cesare GASPERONI, secretary general; Democratic Progressive Party (PDP - formerly San Marino Communist Party (PSS)), Stefano MACINA, secretary general; San Marino Socialist Party (PSS), Maurizio RATTINI, secretary general; Democratic Movement (MD), Emilio Della BALDA; Popular Democratic Alliance (ADP); Communist Refoundation (RC), Guiseppe AMICHI, Renato FABBRI; Moderate Group, Alvaro SELVA; Social Democratic Party
Member of: CE, ECE, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM(observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO,WIPO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:honorary consulate(s) general: Washington and New Yorkhonorary consulate(s): Detroit
US diplomatic representation: no mission in San Marino, but the ConsulGeneral in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
Flag: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
@San Marino:Economy
Overview: The tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 1993 more than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics, and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of living are comparable to those of Italy, which supplies much of its food.
National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $380 million (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate: 2.4% (1993 est.)
National product per capita: $15,800 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5.5% (1993)
Unemployment rate: 4.9% (December 1993)
Budget:revenues: $275 millionexpenditures: $275 million, including capital expenditures of $NA(1992 est.)
Exports: trade data are included with the statistics for Italy; commodities: building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics
Imports: wide variety of consumer manufactures, food
External debt: $NA
Industrial production: growth rate NA%; accounts for 42% of labor force
Electricity: supplied by Italy
Industries: tourism, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Agriculture: employs 3% of labor force; products - wheat, grapes, maize, olives, meat, cheese, hides; small numbers of cattle, pigs, horses
Economic aid: $NA
Currency: 1 Italian lire (Lit) = 100 centesimi; note - also mints its own coins
Exchange rates: Italian lire (Lit) per US$1 - 1,609.5 (January 1995), 1,612.4 (1994), 1,573.7 (1993), 1,232.4 (1992), 1,240.6 (1991), 1,198.1 (1990)
Fiscal year: calendar year
@San Marino:Transportation
Railroads: 0 km
Highways: total: 104 km paved: NA unpaved: NA
Ports: none
Airports: none
@San Marino:Communications
Telephone system: 11,700 telephones; automatic telephone systemcompletely integrated into Italian systemlocal: NAintercity: NAinternational: microwave and cable links into Italian networks; nocommunication satellite facilities