signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Malawi:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Malaysia:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine LifeConservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Maldives:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone LayerProtection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Mali:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone LayerProtection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, NuclearTest Ban
Malta:party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Marshall Islands:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Mauritania:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Mauritius:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, OzoneLayer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Mexico:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine LifeConservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Micronesia, Federated States of:party to: Biodiversity, ClimateChange, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, HazardousWastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Moldova:party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent OrganicPollutants
Monaco:party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Mongolia:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, OzoneLayer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Morocco:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear TestBan, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea
Mozambique:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Namibia:party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity,Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, HazardousWastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Nauru:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Lawof the Sea, Marine Dumping
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Nepal:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear TestBan, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation
Netherlands:party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-NitrogenOxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, AirPollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, AirPollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-EnvironmentalProtocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty,Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol
New Zealand:party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, TropicalTimber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Marine Life Conservation
Nicaragua:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Niger:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of theSea
Nigeria:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone LayerProtection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Niue:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Norway:party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, AirPollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85,Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban,Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, TropicalTimber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Oman:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Pakistan:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban
Palau:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Panama:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban,Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, TropicalTimber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Papua New Guinea:party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, ClimateChange, Desertification, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, TropicalTimber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol
Paraguay:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban
Peru:party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-MarineLiving Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear TestBan, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83,Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Philippines:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Poland:party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, AntarcticTreaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, AirPollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94,Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Portugal:party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent OrganicPollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Environmental Modification, Nuclear Test Ban
Qatar:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Romania:party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban,Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent OrganicPollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol
Russia:party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, AirPollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, AntarcticTreaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol
Rwanda:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Saint Kitts and Nevis:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Saint Lucia:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:party to: Biodiversity, ClimateChange, Desertification, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Samoa:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, OzoneLayer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
San Marino:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Nuclear Test Ban
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Sao Tome and Principe:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, ShipPollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Saudi Arabia:party to: Climate Change, Desertification, EndangeredSpecies, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Senegal:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine LifeConservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping
Seychelles:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of theSea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Sierra Leone:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Lawof the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Singapore:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear TestBan, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Slovakia:party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides,Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, AirPollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty,Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban,Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent OrganicPollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol
Slovenia:party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94,Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent OrganicPollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Solomon Islands:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Somalia: party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea
signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban
South Africa:party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, AntarcticTreaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, EndangeredSpecies, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, MarineLife Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Southern Ocean:the Southern Ocean is subject to all internationalagreements regarding the world's oceans; in addition, it is subjectto these agreements specific to the Antarctic region: InternationalWhaling Commission (prohibits commercial whaling south of 40 degreessouth [south of 60 degrees south between 50 degrees and 130 degreeswest]); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (limitssealing); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine LivingResources (regulates fishing)
note: many nations (including the US) prohibit mineral resource exploration and exploitation south of the fluctuating Polar Front (Antarctic Convergence) which is in the middle of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and serves as the dividing line between the very cold polar surface waters to the south and the warmer waters to the north
Spain:party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, AirPollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent OrganicPollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification
Sri Lanka:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Sudan:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone LayerProtection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Suriname:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear TestBan, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94,Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Swaziland:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, EndangeredSpecies, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Desertification, Law of the Sea
Sweden:party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, AirPollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85,Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Switzerland:party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-NitrogenOxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, AirPollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, AirPollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty,Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, MarineLife Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Syria:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, ShipPollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Tajikistan:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Tanzania:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone LayerProtection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban
Thailand:party to: Climate Change, Endangered Species, HazardousWastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone LayerProtection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol, Law of the Sea
Togo:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Tonga:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Lawof the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Trinidad and Tobago:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, NuclearTest Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Tunisia:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Turkey:party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear TestBan, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,Environmental Modification
Turkmenistan:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, OzoneLayer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Tuvalu:party to: Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,Desertification, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity, Law of the Sea
Uganda:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine LifeConservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Ukraine:party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides,Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, MarineDumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent OrganicPollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile OrganicCompounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-KyotoProtocol
United Arab Emirates:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, MarineDumping, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
United Kingdom:party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-NitrogenOxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile OrganicCompounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine LivingResources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, ClimateChange, Desertification, Endangered Species, EnvironmentalModification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping,Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands,Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent OrganicPollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
United States:party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-NitrogenOxides, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine LivingResources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change,Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, OzoneLayer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, TropicalTimber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent OrganicPollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity,Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes
Uruguay:party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection,Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban
Uzbekistan:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, ClimateChange-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Vanuatu:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone LayerProtection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Venezuela:party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, ClimateChange, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping
Vietnam:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, NuclearTest Ban
Western Sahara:party to: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Yemen:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban
Yugoslavia:party to: Air Pollution, Climate Change, HazardousWastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation,Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity
Zambia:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear TestBan, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Zimbabwe:party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification,Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Taiwan: party to: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
======================================================================
@Ethnic groups
Afghanistan:Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups(Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) 12%, Uzbek 6%
Albania:Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2% (Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs,and Bulgarians) (1989 est.)
note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization)
Algeria:Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%
American Samoa:Samoan (Polynesian) 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%,other 5%
Andorra:Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other6% (1998)
Angola:Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixedEuropean and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
Anguilla:black
Antigua and Barbuda:black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian
Argentina:white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo,Amerindian, or other nonwhite groups 3%
Armenia:Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly YezidiKurds) 2% (1989)
note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigratedfrom Armenia
Aruba:mixed white/Caribbean Amerindian 80%
Australia:Caucasian 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal and other 1%
Austria:German 98%, Croatian, Slovene, other (includes Hungarians,Czechs, Slovaks, Roma)
Azerbaijan:Azeri 90%, Dagestani 3.2%, Russian 2.5%, Armenian 2%,other 2.3% (1998 est.)
note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakhregion
Bahamas, The:black 85%, white 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3%
Bahrain:Bahraini 63%, Asian 19%, other Arab 10%, Iranian 8%
Bangladesh:Bengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims (1998)
Barbados:black 80%, white 4%, other 16%
Belarus:Byelorussian 81.2%, Russian 11.4%, Polish, Ukrainian, andother 7.4%
Belgium:Fleming 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%
Belize:mestizo 43.7%, Creole 29.8%, Maya 10%, Garifuna 6.2%, other10.3%
Benin:African 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon,Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), Europeans 5,500
Bermuda:black 58%, white 36%, other 6%
Bhutan:Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35%, indigenous or migrant tribes15%
Bolivia:Quechua 30%, Aymara 25%, mestizo (mixed white andAmerindian ancestry) 30%, white 15%
Bosnia and Herzegovina:Serb 31%, Bosniak 44%, Croat 17%, Yugoslav5.5%, other 2.5% (1991)
note: Bosniak has replaced muslim as an ethnic term in part toavoid confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam
Botswana:Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other,including Kgalagadi and white 7%
Brazil:white (includes Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish,Polish) 55%, mixed white and black 38%, black 6%, other (includesJapanese, Arab, Amerindian) 1%
British Virgin Islands:black 90%, white, Asian
Brunei:Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
Bulgaria:Bulgarian 83%, Turk 8.5%, Roma 2.6%, Macedonian, Armenian,Tatar, Gagauz, Circassian, others (1998)
Burkina Faso:Mossi over 40%, Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande,Fulani
Burma:Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Mon2%, Indian 2%, other 5%
Burundi:Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%,Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
Cambodia:Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Cameroon:Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%,Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, otherAfrican 13%, non-African less than 1%
Canada:British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixedbackground 26%
Cape Verde:Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Cayman Islands:mixed 40%, white 20%, black 20%, expatriates ofvarious ethnic groups 20%
Central African Republic:Baya 34%, Banda 27%, Sara 10%, Mandjia21%, Mboum 4%, M'Baka 4%, Europeans 6,500 (including 1,500 French)
Chad:Muslims, commonly referred to as "northerners" or "gorane"(Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi,Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba); non-Muslims, commonly referred to as"southerners" (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei,Massa) including nonindigenous 150,000 (of whom 1,000 are French)
note: ethnicity and regional background more commonly used toidentify Chadians than religious affiliation
Chile:white and white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other 2%
China:Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao,Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%
Christmas Island:Chinese 61%, Malay 25%, European 11%, other 3%, noindigenous population
Cocos (Keeling) Islands:Europeans, Cocos Malays
Colombia:mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixedblack-Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1%
Comoros:Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava
Congo, Democratic Republic of the:over 200 African ethnic groups ofwhich the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba,Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about45% of the population
Congo, Republic of the:Kongo 48%, Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%, Teke17%, Europeans NA%; note - Europeans estimated at 8,500, mostlyFrench, before the 1997 civil war; may be half that of 1998,following the widespread destruction of foreign businesses in 1997
Cook Islands:Polynesian (full blood) 81.3%, Polynesian and European7.7%, Polynesian and non-European 7.7%, European 2.4%, other 0.9%
Costa Rica:white (including mestizo) 94%, black 3%, Amerindian 1%,Chinese 1%, other 1%
Cote d'Ivoire:Akan 42.1%, Voltaiques or Gur 17.6%, Northern Mandes16.5%, Krous 11%, Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (1998)
Croatia:Croat 78.1%, Serb 12.2%, Bosniak 0.9%, Hungarian 0.5%,Slovenian 0.5%, Czech 0.4%, Albanian 0.3%, Montenegrin 0.3%, Roma0.2%, others 6.6% (1991)
Cuba:mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%
Cyprus:Greek 78% (99.5% of the Greeks live in the Greek Cypriotarea; 0.5% of the Greeks live in the Turkish Cypriot area), Turkish18% (1.3% of the Turks live in the Greek Cypriot area; 98.7% of theTurks live in the Turkish Cypriot area), other 4% (99.2% of theother ethnic groups live in the Greek Cypriot area; 0.8% of theother ethnic groups live in the Turkish Cypriot area)
Czech Republic:Czech 81.2%, Moravian 13.2%, Slovak 3.1%, Polish0.6%, German 0.5%, Silesian 0.4%, Roma 0.3%, Hungarian 0.2%, other0.5% (1991)
Denmark:Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian,Somali
Djibouti:Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian5%
Dominica:black, Carib Amerindian
Dominican Republic:white 16%, black 11%, mixed 73%
Ecuador:mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%,Spanish and others 7%, black 3%
Egypt:Eastern Hamitic stock (Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers) 99%,Greek, Nubian, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian andFrench) 1%
El Salvador:mestizo 90%, Amerindian 1%, white 9%
Equatorial Guinea:Bioko (primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos), RioMuni (primarily Fang), Europeans less than 1,000, mostly Spanish
Eritrea:ethnic Tigrinya 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar 4%, Saho(Red Sea coast dwellers) 3%
Estonia:Estonian 65.1%, Russian 28.1%, Ukrainian 2.5%, Byelorussian1.5%, Finn 1%, other 1.8% (1998)
Ethiopia:Oromo 40%, Amhara and Tigre 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%,Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):British
Faroe Islands:Scandinavian
Fiji:Fijian 51% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesianadmixture), Indian 44%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseasChinese, and other 5% (1998 est.)
Finland:Finn 93%, Swede 6%, Sami 0.11%, Roma 0.12%, Tatar 0.02%
France:Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African,Indochinese, Basque minorities
French Guiana:black or mulatto 66%, white 12%, East Indian,Chinese, Amerindian 12%, other 10%
French Polynesia:Polynesian 78%, Chinese 12%, local French 6%,metropolitan French 4%
Gabon:Bantu tribes including four major tribal groupings (Fang,Eshira, Bapounou, Bateke), other Africans and Europeans 154,000,including 10,700 French and 11,000 persons of dual nationality
Gambia, The:African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1%
Gaza Strip:Palestinian Arab and other 99.4%, Jewish 0.6%
Georgia:Georgian 70.1%, Armenian 8.1%, Russian 6.3%, Azeri 5.7%,Ossetian 3%, Abkhaz 1.8%, other 5%
Germany:German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other 6.1% (made up largely ofSerbo-Croatian, Italian, Russian, Greek, Polish, Spanish)
Ghana:black African 99.8% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%), European and other 0.2%
Gibraltar:Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese
Greece:Greek 98%, other 2%
note: the Greek Government states there are no ethnic divisions inGreece
Greenland:Greenlander 88% (Inuit and Greenland-born whites), Danishand others 12% (January 2000)
Grenada:black 82% some South Asians (East Indians) and Europeans,trace Arawak/Carib Amerindian
Guadeloupe:black or mulatto 90%, white 5%, East Indian, Lebanese,Chinese less than 5%
Guam:Chamorro 47%, Filipino 25%, white 10%, Chinese, Japanese,Korean, and other 18%
Guatemala:Mestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish or assimilatedAmerindian - in local Spanish called Ladino), approximately 55%,Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian, approximately 43%, whitesand others 2%
Guernsey:UK and Norman-French descent
Guinea:Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller ethnic groups10%
Guinea-Bissau:African 99% (Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%,Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%
Guyana:East Indian 49%, black 32%, mixed 12%, Amerindian 6%, whiteand Chinese 1%
Haiti:black 95%, mulatto and white 5%
Holy See (Vatican City):Italians, Swiss, other
Honduras:mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian7%, black 2%, white 1%
Hong Kong:Chinese 95%, other 5%
Hungary:Hungarian 89.9%, Roma 4%, German 2.6%, Serb 2%, Slovak0.8%, Romanian 0.7%
Iceland:homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts
India:Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)
Indonesia:Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastalMalays 7.5%, other 26%
Iran:Persian 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%,Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%
Iraq:Arab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5%
Ireland:Celtic, English
Israel:Jewish 80.1% (Europe/America-born 32.1%, Israel-born 20.8%,Africa-born 14.6%, Asia-born 12.6%), non-Jewish 19.9% (mostly Arab)(1996 est.)
Italy:Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, andSlovene-Italians in the north and Albanian-Italians andGreek-Italians in the south)
Jamaica:black 90.9%, East Indian 1.3%, white 0.2%, Chinese 0.2%,mixed 7.3%, other 0.1%
Japan:Japanese 99.4%, Korean 0.6% (1999)
Jersey:UK and Norman-French descent
Jordan:Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%
Kazakhstan:Kazakh (Qazaq) 53.4%, Russian 30%, Ukrainian 3.7%, Uzbek2.5%, German 2.4%, Uighur 1.4%, other 6.6% (1999 census)
Kenya:Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%,Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European,and Arab) 1%
Kiribati:predominantly Micronesian with some Polynesian
Korea, North:racially homogeneous; there is a small Chinesecommunity and a few ethnic Japanese
Korea, South:homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)
Kuwait:Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%,other 7%
Kyrgyzstan:Kirghiz 52.4%, Russian 18%, Uzbek 12.9%, Ukrainian 2.5%,German 2.4%, other 11.8%
Laos:Lao Loum (lowland) 68%, Lao Theung (upland) 22%, Lao Soung(highland) including the Hmong ("Meo") and the Yao (Mien) 9%, ethnicVietnamese/Chinese 1%
Latvia:Latvian 56.5%, Russian 30.4%, Byelorussian 4.3%, Ukrainian2.8%, Polish 2.6%, other 3.4%
Lebanon:Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1%
Lesotho:Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%,
Liberia:indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa,Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, andBella), Americo-Liberians 2.5% (descendants of immigrants from theUS who had been slaves), Congo People 2.5% (descendants ofimmigrants from the Caribbean who had been slaves)
Libya:Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians,Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
Liechtenstein:Alemannic 87.5%, Italian, Turkish, and other 12.5%
Lithuania:Lithuanian 80.6%, Russian 8.7%, Polish 7%, Byelorussian1.6%, other 2.1%
Luxembourg:Celtic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese,Italian, Slavs (from Montenegro, Albania, and Kososvo) and European(guest and resident workers)
Macau:Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry),Portuguese, other
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of:Macedonian 66.6%,Albanian 22.7%, Turkish 4%, Roma 2.2%, Serb 2.1%, other 2.4% (1994)
Madagascar:Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers(mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry -Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian,Creole, Comoran
Malawi:Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuko, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni,Ngonde, Asian, European
Malaysia:Malay and other indigenous 58%, Chinese 27%, Indian 8%,others 7% (2000)
Maldives:South Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs
Mali:Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%,Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
Malta:Maltese (descendants of ancient Carthaginians andPhoenicians, with strong elements of Italian and other Mediterraneanstock)
Man, Isle of:Manx (Norse-Celtic descent), Briton
Marshall Islands:Micronesian
Martinique:African and African-white-Indian mixture 90%, white 5%,East Indian, Chinese less than 5%
Mauritania:mixed Maur/black 40%, Maur 30%, black 30%
Mauritius:Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%,Franco-Mauritian 2%
Mayotte:NA
Mexico:mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian orpredominantly Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%
Micronesia, Federated States of:nine ethnic Micronesian andPolynesian groups
Moldova:Moldovan/Romanian 64.5%, Ukrainian 13.8%, Russian 13%,Gagauz 3.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Bulgarian 2%, other 1.7% (1989 est.)
note: internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrianregion
Monaco:French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Mongolia:Mongol (predominantly Khalkha) 85%, Turkic (of whichKazakh is the largest group) 7%, Tungusic 4.6%, other (includingChinese and Russian) 3.4% (1998)
Montserrat:black, white
Morocco:Arab-Berber 99.1%, other 0.7%, Jewish 0.2%
Mozambique:indigenous tribal groups 99.66% (Shangaan, Chokwe,Manyika, Sena, Makua, and others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans0.2%, Indians 0.08%
Namibia:black 87.5%, white 6%, mixed 6.5%
note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9%to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups are: Herero 7%, Damara7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%
Nauru:Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European8%
Nepal:Brahman, Chetri, Newar, Gurung, Magar, Tamang, Rai, Limbu,Sherpa, Tharu, and others (1995)
Netherlands:Dutch 91%, Moroccans, Turks, and other 9% (1999 est.)
Netherlands Antilles:mixed black 85%, Carib Amerindian, white, EastAsian
New Caledonia:Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%,Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%
New Zealand:New Zealand European 74.5%, Maori 9.7%, other European4.6%, Pacific Islander 3.8%, Asian and others 7.4%
Nicaragua:mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 69%, white 17%,black 9%, Amerindian 5%
Niger:Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri(Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200French expatriates
Nigeria:Nigeria, which is Africa's most populous country, iscomposed of more than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the mostpopulous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
Niue:Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)
Norfolk Island:descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, NewZealander, Polynesians
Northern Mariana Islands:Chamorro, Carolinians and otherMicronesians, Caucasian, Japanese, Chinese, Korean
Norway:Norwegian (Nordic, Alpine, Baltic), Sami 20,000
Oman:Arab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan,Bangladeshi), African
Pakistan:Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir(immigrants from India at the time of partition and theirdescendants)
Palau:Palauan (Micronesian with Malayan and Melanesian admixtures)70%, Asian (mainly Filipinos, followed by Chinese, Taiwanese, andVietnamese) 28%, white 2% (2000 est.)
Panama:mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 70%, Amerindian andmixed (West Indian) 14%, white 10%, Amerindian 6%
Papua New Guinea:Melanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian,Polynesian
Paraguay:mestizo (mixed Spanish and Amerindian) 95%
Peru:Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%,white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
Philippines:Christian Malay 91.5%, Muslim Malay 4%, Chinese 1.5%,other 3%
Pitcairn Islands:descendants of the Bounty mutineers and theirTahitian wives
Poland:Polish 97.6%, German 1.3%, Ukrainian 0.6%, Byelorussian 0.5%(1990 est.)
Portugal:homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black Africandescent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number lessthan 100,000
Puerto Rico:white (mostly Spanish origin) 80.5%, black 8%,Amerindian 0.4%, Asian 0.2%, mixed and other 10.9%
Qatar:Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Reunion:French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian
Romania:Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 7.1%, Roma 1.8%, German 0.5%,Ukrainian 0.3%, other 0.8% (1992)
Russia:Russian 81.5%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 3%, Chuvash 1.2%,Bashkir 0.9%, Byelorussian 0.8%, Moldavian 0.7%, other 8.1%
Rwanda:Hutu 84%, Tutsi 15%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1%
Saint Helena:African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Saint Kitts and Nevis: predominantly black some British, Portuguese, and Lebanese
Saint Lucia:black 90%, mixed 6%, East Indian 3%, white 1%
Saint Pierre and Miquelon:Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines:black 66%, mixed 19%, East Indian6%, Carib Amerindian 2%
Samoa:Samoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European andPolynesian blood), Europeans 0.4%
San Marino:Sammarinese, Italian
Sao Tome and Principe:mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolanslaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contractlaborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (childrenof servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)
Saudi Arabia:Arab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%
Senegal:Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
Seychelles:Seychellois (mixture of Asians, Africans, Europeans)
Sierra Leone:20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%,other 30%), Creole 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves whowere settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century),refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers ofEuropeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians
Singapore:Chinese 76.7%, Malay 14%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4%
Slovakia:Slovak 85.7%, Hungarian 10.6%, Roma 1.6% (the 1992 censusfigures underreport the Gypsy/Romany community, which is about500,000), Czech, Moravian, Silesian 1.1%, Ruthenian and Ukrainian0.6%, German 0.1%, Polish 0.1%, other 0.2% (1996)
Slovenia:Slovene 88%, Croat 3%, Serb 2%, Bosniak 1%, Yugoslav 0.6%,Hungarian 0.4%, other 5% (1991)
Solomon Islands:Melanesian 93%, Polynesian 4%, Micronesian 1.5%,European 0.8%, Chinese 0.3%, other 0.4%
Somalia:Somali 85%, Bantu, Arabs 30,000
South Africa:black 75.2%, white 13.6%, Colored 8.6%, Indian 2.6%
Spain:composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types
Sri Lanka:Sinhalese 74%, Tamil 18%, Moor 7%, Burgher, Malay, andVedda 1%
Sudan:black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%
Suriname:Hindustani (also known locally as "East Indians"; theirancestors emigrated from northern India in the latter part of the19th century) 37%, Creole (mixed white and black) 31%, Javanese 15%,"Maroons" (their African ancestors were brought to the country inthe 17th and 18th centuries as slaves and escaped to the interior)10%, Amerindian 2%, Chinese 2%, white 1%, other 2%
Svalbard:Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3%(1998)
Swaziland:African 97%, European 3%
Sweden:indigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Samiminorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns,Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks
Switzerland:German 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other6%
Syria:Arab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%
Tajikistan:Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining becauseof emigration), other 6.6%
Tanzania:mainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantuconsisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian,European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab andnative African
Thailand:Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%
Togo:native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe,Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Tokelau:Polynesian
Tonga:Polynesian, Europeans about 300
Trinidad and Tobago:black 39.5%, East Indian (a local term -primarily immigrants from northern India) 40.3%, mixed 18.4%, white0.6%, Chinese and other 1.2%
Tunisia:Arab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Turkey:Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20%