Gibraltar8.93 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Greece9.86 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Greenland7.66 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Grenada7.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guadeloupe6.04 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guam4.29 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guatemala6.78 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guernsey9.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guinea15.7 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guinea-Bissau16.62 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Guyana9.27 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Haiti13.36 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Honduras6.44 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Hong Kong6.19 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Hungary13 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Iceland6.95 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
India8.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Indonesia6.26 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Iran5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Iraq5.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Ireland7.94 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Israel6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Italy10.12 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Jamaica5.42 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Japan8.55 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Jersey9.17 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Jordan2.62 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Kazakhstan10.78 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Kenya16.01 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Kiribati8.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Korea, North6.93 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Korea, South6.03 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Kuwait2.45 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Kyrgyzstan9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Laos12.39 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Latvia14.7 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Lebanon6.32 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Lesotho24.58 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Liberia17.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Libya3.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Liechtenstein6.85 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Lithuania12.89 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Luxembourg8.78 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Macau3.85 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of 7.78 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Madagascar11.88 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Malawi22.64 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Malaysia5.12 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Maldives7.65 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mali19.21 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Malta7.8 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Man, Isle of11.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Marshall Islands5.03 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Martinique6.41 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mauritania13.04 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mauritius6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mayotte8.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mexico4.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 5.1 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Moldova12.7 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Monaco12.82 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mongolia7.18 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Montserrat7.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Morocco5.78 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Mozambique30.04 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Namibia19.17 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Nauru7.08 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Nepal9.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Netherlands8.66 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Netherlands Antilles6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
New Caledonia5.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
New Zealand7.54 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Nicaragua4.69 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Niger21.71 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Nigeria13.76 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
NiueNA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Norfolk IslandNA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands2.44 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Norway9.72 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Oman3.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pakistan8.79 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Palau7 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Panama6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Papua New Guinea7.63 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Paraguay4.64 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Peru5.69 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Philippines5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pitcairn IslandsNA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Poland9.96 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Portugal10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Puerto Rico7.68 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Qatar4.43 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Reunion5.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Romania12.25 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Russia13.99 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Rwanda21.72 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Saint Helena6.24 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis8.85 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Saint Lucia5.24 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon6.74 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 6.08 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Samoa6.41 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
San Marino7.86 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe7.11 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Saudi Arabia5.79 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Senegal10.88 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Serbia and Montenegro10.62 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Seychelles6.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sierra Leone20.66 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Singapore4.31 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Slovakia9.22 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Slovenia10.15 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Solomon Islands4.12 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Somalia17.64 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
South Africa18.42 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Spain9.48 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sri Lanka6.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sudan9.59 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Suriname6.83 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
SvalbardNA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Swaziland21.08 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sweden10.58 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Switzerland8.82 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Syria5.04 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Taiwan6.2 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Tajikistan8.46 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Tanzania17.38 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Thailand6.86 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Togo11.51 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
TokelauNA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Tonga5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago8.71 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Tunisia5.02 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Turkey5.95 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Turkmenistan8.87 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands4.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Tuvalu7.34 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Uganda16.95 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Ukraine16.39 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
United Arab Emirates4.02 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
United Kingdom10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
United States8.44 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Uruguay8.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Uzbekistan7.97 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Vanuatu8.13 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Venezuela4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Vietnam6.19 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Virgin Islands5.68 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Wallis and FutunaNA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
West Bank4.16 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Western SaharaNA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
World8.83 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Yemen9.04 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Zambia24.3 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Zimbabwe22.02 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
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@2067 Military expenditures - dollar figure
Afghanistan$525.2 million (FY02)
Albania$56.5 million (FY02)
Algeria$1.87 billion (FY99)
Angola$222.7 million (FY02)
Antigua and Barbuda$NA
Argentina$4.3 billion (FY99)
Armenia$135 million (FY01)
Australia$11.39 billion (FY02)
Austria$1.497 billion (FY01/02)
Azerbaijan$121 million (FY99)
Bahamas, The$20 million (FY95/96)
Bahrain$526.2 million (FY01)
Bangladesh$559 million (FY96)
Barbados$NA
Belarus$176.1 million (FY02)
Belgium$3.077 billion (FY01/02)
Belize$7.7 million (FY00/01)
Benin$80.8 million (FY02)
Bermuda$4.028 million (January 2002)
Bhutan$9.3 million (FY02)
Bolivia$147 million (FY99)
Bosnia and Herzegovina$234.3 million (FY02)
Botswana$207.3 million (FY02)
Brazil$13.408 billion (FY99)
Brunei$329.7 million (FY02)
Bulgaria$356 million (FY02)
Burkina Faso$45.83 million (FY02)
Burma$39 million (FY97)
Burundi$42.13 million (FY02)
Cambodia$112 million (FY01 est.)
Cameroon$118.6 million (FY00)
Canada$7.861 billion (FY01/02)
Cape Verde$9.3 million (FY02)
Central African Republic$13.43 million (FY02)
Chad$40.74 million (FY02)
Chile$2.5 billion (FY99)
China$55.91 billion (FY02)
Colombia$3.3 billion (FY01)
Comoros$6 million (FY02)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the$250 million (FY97)
Congo, Republic of the$84 million (FY01)
Costa Rica$69 million (FY99)
Cote d'Ivoire$143.5 million (FY02)
Croatia$520 million (2002 est.)
Cuba$NA
Cyprus$384 million (FY02)
Czech Republic$1,190.2 million (FY01)
Denmark$2.47 billion (FY99/00)
Djibouti$26.53 million (FY02)
Dominica$NA
Dominican Republic$180 million (FY98)
East Timor$4.4 million (FY03)
Ecuador$720 million (FY98)
Egypt$4.04 billion (FY99)
El Salvador$112 million (FY99)
Equatorial Guinea$30 million (FY02)
Eritrea$95.75 million (FY02)
Estonia$155 million (2002 est.)
Ethiopia$800 million (FY00)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)$NA
Faroe Islands$NA
Fiji$39.21 million (FY02)
Finland$1.8 billion (FY98/99)
France$46.5 billion (2000)
French Guiana$NA
Gabon$81.9 million (FY02)
Gambia, The$1.2 million (FY02)
Gaza Strip$NA
Georgia$23 million (FY00)
Germany$38.8 billion (2002)
Ghana$36.01 million (FY02)
Greece$6.12 billion (FY99/00 est.)
Grenada$NA
Guatemala$120 million (FY99)
Guinea$154 million (FY02)
Guinea-Bissau$5.6 million (FY02)
Guyana$NA
Haiti$50 million (FY00)
Honduras$35 million (FY99)
Hungary$1.08 billion (2002 est.)
Iceland$0
India$11.52 billion (FY02)
Indonesia$1 billion (FY98)
Iran$9.7 billion (FY00)
Iraq$1.3 billion (FY00)
Ireland$700 million (FY00/01)
Israel$8.97 billion (FY02)
Italy$20.2 billion (2002)
Jamaica$30 million (FY95/96 est.)
Japan$39.52 billion (FY02)
Jordan$757.5 million (FY01)
Kazakhstan$221.8 million (Ministry of Defense expenditures) (FY02)
Kenya$185.2 million (FY02)
Kiribati$NA
Korea, North$5,217.4 million (FY02)
Korea, South$13,094.3 million (FY02)
Kuwait$1,967.3 million (FY01)note: Kuwait is changing its fiscal year; the above figure is forJuly-March 2001; future budget years will be April-March annually
Kyrgyzstan$19.2 million (FY01)
Laos$55 million (FY98)
Latvia$87 million (FY01)
Lebanon$541 million (2002)
Lesotho$34 million (1999)
Liberia$7.8 million (FY02)
Libya$1.3 billion (FY99)
Lithuania$230.8 million (FY01)
Luxembourg$147.8 million (FY01/02)
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of $200 million (FY01/02 est.)
Madagascar$52.3 million (FY02)
Malawi$13.01 million (FY02)
Malaysia$1.69 billion (FY00 est.)
Maldives$34.46 million (FY02)
Mali$419.7 million (FY02)
Malta$60 million (2000 est.)
Marshall Islands$NA
Mauritania$37.11 million (FY02)
Mauritius$9.712 million (FY02)
Mexico$4 billion (FY99)
Moldova$6.4 million (FY02)
Mongolia$23.1 million (FY02)
Morocco$1.4 billion (FY99/00)
Mozambique$35.1 million (2000 est.)
Namibia$73.1 million (FY02)
Nauru$NA
Nepal$57.22 million (FY02)
Netherlands$6.5 billion (FY00/01 est.)
New Caledonia$192.3 million (FY96)
New Zealand$605.7 million (FY02)
Nicaragua$26 million (FY98)
Niger$20.54 million (FY02)
Nigeria$417.9 million (FY02)
Norway$3.113 billion (FY98/99)
Oman$2.424 billion (FY01)
Pakistan$2.964 billion (FY02)
Palau$NA
Panama$128 million (FY99)
Papua New Guinea$40.21 million (FY02)
Paraguay$125 million (FY98)
Peru$1 billion (FY01)
Philippines$995 million (FY98)
Poland$3.5 billion (2002)
Portugal$1.286 billion (FY99/00)
Qatar$723 million (FY00)
Romania$985 million (2002)
Russia$NA
Rwanda$59.57 million (FY02)
Saint Kitts and Nevis$NA
Saint Lucia$NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines$NA
Samoa$NA
San Marino$700,000 (FY00/01)
Sao Tome and Principe$400,000 (FY01)
Saudi Arabia$18.3 billion (FY00)
Senegal$68.6 million (FY02)
Serbia and Montenegro$654 million (2002)
Seychelles$12.8 million (FY02)
Sierra Leone$10.26 million (FY02)
Singapore$4.47 billion (FY01 est.)
Slovakia$406 million (2002)
Slovenia$370 million (FY00)
Solomon Islands$NA
Somalia$17.1 million (FY02)
South Africa$1.746 billion (FY02)
Spain$8.6 billion (2002)
Sri Lanka$719 million (FY98)
Sudan$581 million (2001 est.)
Suriname$NA
Swaziland$20 million (FY01)
Sweden$4.395 billion (FY01)
Switzerland$2.548 billion (FY01)
Syria$858 million (FY00 est.); note - based on official budget datathat may understate actual spending
Taiwan$7.574 billion (FY02)
Tajikistan$35.4 million (FY01)
Tanzania$19.68 million (FY02)
Thailand$1.775 billion (FY00)
Togo$23.72 million (FY02)
Tonga$NA
Trinidad and Tobago$90 million (1999)
Tunisia$356 million (FY99)
Turkey$8.1 billion (2002 est.)
Turkmenistan$90 million (FY99)
Tuvalu$NA
Uganda$124.7 million (FY02)
Ukraine$617.9 million (FY02)
United Arab Emirates$1.6 billion (FY00)
United Kingdom$31.7 billion (2002)
United States$276.7 billion (FY99 est.)
Uruguay$250 million (1999)
Uzbekistan$200 million (FY97)
Vanuatu$NA
Venezuela$934 million (FY99)
Vietnam$650 million (FY98)
West Bank$NA
Western Sahara$NA
Worldaggregate real expenditure on arms worldwide in 1999 remainedat approximately the 1998 level, about three-quarters of a trilliondollars (1999 est.)
Yemen$482.5 million (FY01)
Zambia$33.46 million (FY02)
Zimbabwe$625.1 million (FY02)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
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@2068 Dependent areas
AustraliaAshmore and Cartier Islands, Christmas Island, Cocos(Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Heard Island and McDonaldIslands, Norfolk Island
FranceBassas da India, Clipperton Island, Europa Island, FrenchPolynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Glorioso Islands,Juan de Nova Island, New Caledonia, Tromelin Island, Wallis andFutunanote: the US does not recognize claims to Antarctica
NetherlandsAruba, Netherlands Antilles
New ZealandCook Islands, Niue, Tokelau
NorwayBouvet Island, Jan Mayen, Svalbard
United KingdomAnguilla, Bermuda, British Indian Ocean Territory,British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar,Guernsey, Jersey, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, SaintHelena, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks andCaicos Islands
United StatesAmerican Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island,Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands, NavassaIsland, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll, Puerto Rico, VirginIslands, Wake Islandnote: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the US administeredthe Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, but recently enteredinto a new political relationship with all four political units: theNorthern Mariana Islands is a commonwealth in political union withthe US (effective 3 November 1986); Palau concluded a Compact ofFree Association with the US (effective 1 October 1994); theFederated States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free Associationwith the US (effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of theMarshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association with the US(effective 21 October 1986)
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
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@2070 Disputes - international
Afghanistanthousands of Afghan refugees still reside in Iran andPakistan; isolating terrain and close ties among Pashtuns inPakistan make cross-border activities difficult to control;prolonged regional drought strains water-sharing arrangements forAmu Darya and Helmand River states
Albaniathe Albanian Government calls for the protection of therights of ethnic Albanians outside its borders in the Kosovo regionof Serbia and Montenegro, and in the northern Former YugoslavRepublic of Macedonia, while continuing to seek regionalcooperation; some outside ethnic Albanian groups voice union withAlbania
AlgeriaLibya claims about 32,000 sq km in a dormant dispute stillreflected on its maps in southeastern Algeria; armed bandits basedin Mali attack southern Algerian towns; border with Morocco remainsclosed over mutual claims of harboring militants, arms smuggling;Algeria supports the exiled Sahrawi Polisario Front and rejectsMoroccan administration of Western Sahara
American Samoanone
Andorranone; border is undemarcated in sections but is not indispute (a few French farmers still remain upset about the transferof 35 hectares of land to Andorra)
Angolagives shelter to thousands of refugees from the DemocraticRepublic of the Congo while thousands of Angolan refugees stillremain in neighboring states as a consequence of the protractedcivil wars in both states
Anguillanone
AntarcticaAntarctic Treaty freezes claims (see Antarctic TreatySummary in Government type entry); sections (some overlapping)claimed by Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and UK;the US and most other states do not recognize the territorial claimsof other states and have made no claims themselves (the US andRussia reserve the right to do so); no claims have been made in thesector between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west; several stateswith land claims in Antarctica have expressed their intention tosubmit data to the UN Commission on the Limits of the ContinentalShelf to extend their continental shelf claims to adjoining undersearidges
Antigua and Barbudanone
Arctic Oceansome maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Argentinaclaims UK-administered Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in itsconstitution, but in 1995 ceded the right to settle the dispute byforce; Beagle Channel islands dispute resolved through Papalmediation in 1984, but armed incidents persist since 1992 oildiscovery; territorial claim in Antarctica partially overlaps UK andChilean claims (see Antarctic disputes); unruly region atconvergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of moneylaundering, smuggling, arms and drug trafficking, and harborsIslamist militants; uncontested dispute between Brazil and Uruguayover Braziliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim leaves the tripointwith Argentina in question
ArmeniaArmenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists inNagorno-Karabakh and militarily occupies 16% of Azerbaijan -Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) continuesto mediate dispute; border with Turkey remains closed overNagorno-Karabakh dispute; traditional demands regarding formerArmenian lands in Turkey have subsided; ethnic Armenian groups inJavakheti region of Georgia seek greater autonomy, closer ties withArmenia
Arubanone
Ashmore and Cartier Islands nationalist group in Indonesia reportedly seeks to populate reefs to assert claims; Australia has moved to close reefs to Indonesian traditional fishing and to create a national park while prospecting for hydrocarbons in the vicinity
Atlantic Oceansome maritime disputes (see littoral states)
Australiamaritime delimitation and resource sharing agreementssigned with East Timor resolve dispute over "Timor Gap" hydrocarbonreserves; no agreement reached on dividing Timor Sea with Indonesia(see Ashmore and Cartier Islands disputes); Australia asserts aterritorial claim to Antarctica and to its continental shelf (seeAntarctica)
Austriaminor disputes with Czech Republic and Slovenia continueover nuclear power plants and post-World War II treatment ofGerman-speaking minorities
AzerbaijanArmenia supports ethnic Armenian secessionists inNagorno-Karabakh and militarily occupies about one-sixth ofAzerbaijan - Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe(OSCE) continues to mediate dispute; Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, andRussia ratify Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based onequidistance, while Iran continues to insist on an even one-fifthallocation and challenges Azerbaijan's hydrocarbon exploration indisputed waters; ICJ decision expected to resolve dispute withTurkmenistan over sovereignty of certain Caspian oilfields
Bahamas, Thehave not been able to agree on a maritime boundary withthe US
Bahrainnone
Baker Islandnone
Bangladeshdiscussions with India remain stalled to delimit a smallsection of river boundary, demarcate and fence the porous landboundary, exchange 162 miniscule enclaves, allocate dividedvillages, and stop illegal cross-border trade and violence;Bangladesh protests India's attempts to fence off high-trafficsections of the porous boundary; dispute with India over NewMoore/South Talpatty Island in the Bay of Bengal prevents maritimeboundary delimitation; Burmese Muslim refugees strain Bangladesh'smeager resources
Barbadosnone
Bassas da Indiaclaimed by Madagascar
Belarus1997 boundary treaty with Ukraine remains unratified overunresolved financial claims, preventing demarcation and encouragingillegal border crossing; boundaries with Latvia and Lithuania remainundemarcated despite European Union financial support
Belgiumnone
BelizeGuatemala has claimed half of southern Belize; Guatemalansquatters continue to settle along the border despite a 2000agreement; OAS brokered a Differendum in 2002 that created a smalladjustment to land boundary, a large Guatemalan maritime corridor inthe Caribbean, a joint ecological park for disputed Sapodilla Cays,and a substantial US-UK financial package, but agreement was notbrought to a popular referendum
Benintwo villages are in dispute along the border with BurkinaFaso; much of Benin-Niger boundary, including tripoint with Nigeria,remains undemarcated, but states accept 2001 arbitration overdisputed Niger River islands; several villages along the OkparaRiver are in dispute with Nigeria; in 2001, Benin claimed Togo movedthe boundary stones - joint commission presently resurveying theboundary
Bermudanone
Bhutanapproximately 100,000 Bhutanese refugees living in Nepal, 90%of whom reside in seven UN Office of the High Commissioner forRefugees camps, place decades-long strains on Nepal
Boliviacontinues to press Chile and Peru to restore the Atacamacorridor ceded to Chile in 1884; Chile demands water rights toBolivia's Rio Lauca and Silala Spring
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia andMontenegro have delimited about half of their boundary, but sectionsalong the Drina River remain in dispute; discussions continue withCroatia on problem sections of the Una River and villages at thebase of Mount Pljesevica
Botswanaestablished a commission with Namibia to resolve smallresidual disputes along the Caprivi Strip, including the Situngumarshlands along the Linyanti River; downstream Botswana residentsprotest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavango hydroelectricdam on Popa Falls; dormant dispute remains where Botswana, Namibia,Zambia, and Zimbabwe boundaries converge
Bouvet Islandnone
Brazilunruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguayborders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and drugtrafficking, and harbors Islamist militants; uncontested disputewith Uruguay over certain islands in the Quarai/Cuareim andInvernada boundary streams and the resulting tripoint with Argentina
British Indian Ocean Territory Mauritius and Seychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but in 2001 were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation since eviction in 1965; repatriation is complicated by the US military lease of Diego Garcia, the largest island in the chain
British Virgin Islandsnone
BruneiInvolved in dispute over the Spratly Islands with China,Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; Brunei established anexclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southernSpratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to theoffshore reefs; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declarationon the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", a mechanism toease tension but which fell short of a legally binding "code ofconduct"
Bulgariajoint boundary commission is rectifying boundary withRomania based on shifts in Danube since last delimitation in 1920
Burkina Fasotwo villages are in dispute along the border withBenin; Burkina Faso border regions have become a staging area forLiberia and Cote d'Ivoire rebels and an asylum for refugees caughtin regional fighting; the Ivorian Government accuses Burkina Faso ofsupporting Ivorian rebels
Burmadespite continuing border committee talks, significantdifferences remain with Thailand over boundary alignment and thehandling of ethnic rebels, refugees, and illegal cross-borderactivities
BurundiTutsi, Hutu, and other conflicting ethnic groups, associatedpolitical rebels, armed gangs, and various government forcescontinue fighting in the Great Lakes region, transcending theboundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, andUganda to gain control over populated and natural resource areas;government heads pledge to end conflict, but localized violencecontinues despite UN peacekeeping efforts
Cambodiacompleted boundary demarcation with Thailand; accusesVietnam of moving and destroying boundary markers and encroachments,initiating border incidents; accuses Thailand of preventing accessto Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in1962; maritime boundary with Vietnam hampered by dispute overoffshore islands
CameroonICJ ruled in 2002 on the Cameroon-Nigeria land and maritimeboundary by awarding the potentially petroleum-rich BakassiPeninsula and offshore region to Cameroon; Nigeria rejected cessionof the peninsula, but the parties have formed a Joint BorderCommission to resolve differences bilaterally and have commencedwith demarcation in less-contested sections of the boundary; LakeChad Commission continues to urge signatories Cameroon, Chad, Niger,and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treaty over the lake region,which remains the site of armed clashes among local populations andmilitias; Nigeria agreed to ratify the treaty and relinquishsovereignty of disputed lands to Cameroon by December 2003
Canadamanaged maritime boundary disputes with the US at DixonEntrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and around thedisputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; uncontested disputewith Denmark over Hans Island sovereignty in the Kennedy Channelbetween Ellesmere Island and Greenland
Cape Verdenone
Cayman Islandsnone
Central African Republicinternal political instabilities withfighting and violence overlap into Chad and CAR, leaving refugeesand rebel groups in both countries; violent ethnic skirmishespersist along the border with Sudan
Chadinternal political instabilities with fighting and violenceoverlap into Chad and Central African Republic, leaving refugees andrebel groups in both countries; Chadian Aozou rebels reside insouthern Libya; Lake Chad Commission continues to urge signatoriesCameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria to ratify delimitation treatyover lake region, which remains the site of armed clashes amonglocal populations and militias; Chad rejects Nigerian request toredemarcate boundary, the site of continuing cross-border incidents
ChileBolivia continues to press Chile and Peru to restore theAtacama corridor ceded to Chile in 1884; dispute with Peru over theeconomic zone delimited by the maritime boundary; Chile demandswater rights to Bolivia's Rio Lauca and Silala Spring; BeagleChannel islands dispute resolved through Papal mediation in 1984,but armed incidents persist since 1992 oil discovery; territorialclaim in Antarctica (Chilean Antarctic Territory) partially overlapsArgentine and British claims
Chinainvolved in complex dispute over the Spratly Islands withMalaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei;claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct ofParties in the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension butwhich fell short of a legally binding "code of conduct"; much of therugged, militarized boundary with India is in dispute, but the twosides have participated in more than 13 rounds of joint workinggroup sessions on this issue; India objects to Pakistan ceding landsto China in 1965 boundary agreement that India believes are part ofdisputed Kashmir; China, as well as Taiwan, claimsJapanese-administered Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) islands;negotiations with Tajikistan resolved the longstanding boundarydispute; China and Kazakhstan have resolved their border dispute andare working to delimit their large open borders to controlpopulation migration, illegal activities, and trade; Kyrgyzstan'sconstitutional court rules that 1,270 sq km ceded to China in 2000delimitation agreement were legally transferred; certain islands inYalu and Tumen rivers are in uncontested dispute with North Koreaand a section of boundary around Mount Paektu is indefinite - Chinaobjects to illegal migration of North Koreans into northern China;China continues to seek a mutually acceptable solution to thedisputed alluvial islands with Russia at the confluence of the Amurand Ussuri rivers and a small island on the Argun river as part ofthe 2001 Treaty of Good Neighborliness, Friendship, and Cooperation;boundary agreements signed in 2002 with Tajikistan cedes 1,000 sq kmof Pamir Mountain range to China in return for China's relinquishingclaims to 28,000 sq km; demarcation of land boundary with Vietnamcontinues but maritime boundary and joint fishing zone agreementremains unratified; China occupies Paracel Islands also claimed byVietnam and Taiwan
Christmas Islandnone
Clipperton Islandnone
Cocos (Keeling) Islandsnone
ColombiaNicaragua filed a claim against Honduras in 1999 andagainst Colombia in 2001 at the ICJ over disputed maritime boundaryinvolving 50,000 sq km in the Caribbean Sea, including theArchipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank;maritime boundary dispute with Venezuela in the Gulf of Venezuela;Colombian drug activities penetrate Peruvian border area
Comorosclaims French-administered Mayotte
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is in the grip of a civil war that has drawn in military forces from neighboring states, with Uganda and Rwanda supporting the rebel movements that occupy much of the eastern portion of the state - Tutsi, Hutu, Lendu, Hema and other conflicting ethnic groups, political rebels, and various government forces continue fighting in Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda - heads of the Great Lakes states pledge to end conflict, but localized violence continues despite UN peacekeeping efforts; most of the Congo River boundary with the Republic of the Congo is indefinite (no agreement has been reached on the division of the river or its islands, except in the Pool Malebo/Stanley Pool area)
Congo, Republic of themost of the Congo River boundary with theDemocratic Republic of the Congo is indefinite (no agreement hasbeen reached on the division of the river or its islands, except inthe Stanley Pool/Pool Malebo area)
Cook Islandsnone
Coral Sea Islandsnone
Costa Ricalegal dispute over navigational rights of Rio San Juan onborder with Nicaragua
Cote d'Ivoirerebel fighting extended to neighboring states and hasdriven out nationals and foreign workers to nearby countries; theIvorian Government accuses Burkina Faso and Liberia of supportingIvorian rebels
Croatiadiscussions continue with Bosnia and Herzegovina on sectionsof the Una River and villages at the base of Mount Pljesevica;parliamentarians are far from ratifying the Croatia-Slovenia landand maritime boundary agreement, which would have ceded most ofPirin Bay and maritime access to Slovenia and several villages toCroatia; in late 2002, Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro adopted aninterim agreement to settle the disputed Prevlaka Peninsula,allowing the withdrawal of the UN monitoring mission (UNMOP), butdiscussions could be complicated by the inability of Serbia andMontenegro to come to an agreement on the economic aspects of thenew federal union; Croatia and Italy continue to debate bilateralproperty and ethnic minority rights issues stemming from borderchanges after the Second World War
CubaUS Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutualagreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease
Cyprushostilities in 1974 divided the island into two de factoautonomous areas, a Greek Cypriot area controlled by theinternationally recognized Cypriot Government and a Turkish-Cypriotarea, separated by a UN buffer zone; UN deadline on sides acceptinga federation plan for reunification have expired, diminishingchances of Turkish-Cypriot participation in EU membership in 2004
Czech RepublicLiechtenstein's royal family claims restitution for1,600 sq km of land in the Czech Republic confiscated in 1918;individual Sudeten German claims for restitution of propertyconfiscated in connection with their expulsion after World War II;Austria has minor dispute with Czech Republic over the Temelinnuclear power plant and post-World War II treatment ofGerman-speaking minorities
DenmarkRockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark,Iceland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundaryagreement in the Rockall area); dispute with Iceland over the FaroeIslands' fisheries median line boundary within 200 NM; disputes withIceland, the UK, and Ireland over the Faroe Islands continentalshelf boundary outside 200 NM; Faroese are considering proposals forfull independence; uncontested dispute with Canada over Hans Islandsovereignty in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island andGreenland
DjiboutiDjibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with"Somaliland" leadership while maintaining some political ties tovarious factions in Somalia including the Somali TransitionalNational Government in Mogadishu
Dominicaprotests Venezuela's claim to give full effect to AvesIsland, which creates a Venezuelan EEZ/continental shelf extendingover a large portion of the Caribbean Sea
Dominican Republicdespite efforts to control illegal migration,destitute Haitians continue to cross into the Dominican Republic
East TimorEast Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee meets regularlyto survey and delimit the land boundary; some East Timor refugeesdelay return from camps in Indonesia; maritime delimitation andresource-sharing agreements signed with Australia resolved disputeover "Timor Gap" hydrocarbon reserves, but maritime agreement withIndonesia awaits further discussions
Ecuadornone
EgyptEgypt and Sudan retain claims to administer the triangularareas that extend north and south of the 1899 Treaty boundary alongthe 22nd Parallel, but have withdrawn their military presence -Egypt is economically developing the "Hala'ib triangle" north of theTreaty line
El Salvadorin 1992, the ICJ ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones"(disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, but theyremain largely undemarcated; in 2002, El Salvador filed anapplication to the ICJ to revise the decision on a section ofbolsones; the ICJ also advised a tripartite resolution to a maritimeboundary in the Golfo de Fonseca with consideration of Honduranaccess to the Pacific; El Salvador claims tiny Conejo Island, notmentioned by the ICJ, off Honduras in the Golfo de Fonseca
Equatorial Guineain 2002, ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlementof Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulfof Guinea, but states have not yet agreed to abide by the decision;creation of a maritime boundary in hydrocarbon-rich Corisco Bay withGabon is hampered by dispute over small islets on Mbane/Mbagne bank,administered and occupied by Gabon since the 1970s
EritreaEritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by 2002 independentboundary commission delimitation decision, but demarcation,scheduled to begin in 2003, has been hampered by technical delaysand Ethiopian concerns that the decision ignored "human geography"and awarded Badme, the focus of the 1998-2000 war, to Eritrea,demarcation of the boundary has been postponed indefinately; UNPeacekeeping Mission to Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) monitors a 25km wide Temporary Security Zone in Eritrea until the demarcation;Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; Eritreaprotests Yemeni fishing around the Hanish Islands awarded to Eritreaby the ICJ in 1999
EstoniaRussia continues to reject signing and ratifying the jointDecember 1996 technical border agreement with Estonia
EthiopiaEritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by 2002 independentboundary commission delimitation decision, but demarcation,scheduled to begin in 2003, has been hampered by technical delaysand Ethiopian concerns that the decision ignored "human geography"and awarded Badme, the focus of the 1998-2000 war, to Eritrea,demarcation of the boundary has been postponed indefinately;Ethiopia maintains only an administrative line and no internationalborder with the Oromo region of southern Somalia and maintainsalliances with local clans in opposition to the TransitionalNational Government in Mogadishu; "Somaliland" secessionists provideport facilities and trade ties to land-locked Ethiopia; efforts todemarcate the porous boundary with Sudan have been delayed by civilwar there
Europa Islandclaimed by Madagascar
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)claimed by Argentina whose forcesbriefly occupied it in 1982, but now declares it will no longer seeksettlement by force
Faroe IslandsFaroese are considering proposals for fullindependence; Denmark dispute with Iceland over the Faroe Islandsfisheries median line boundary of 200 NM; Denmark disputes withIceland, the UK, and Ireland over the Faroe Islands continentalshelf boundary outside 200 NM
Fijinone
Finlandnone
FranceMadagascar claims Bassas da India, Europa Island, GloriosoIslands, and Juan de Nova Island; Comoros claims Mayotte; Mauritiusclaims Tromelin Island; territorial dispute between Suriname andFrench Guiana; territorial claim in Antarctica (Adelie Land);Matthew and Hunter Islands, east of New Caledonia, claimed by Franceand Vanuatu
French GuianaSuriname claims area between Riviere Litani andRiviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa)
French Polynesianone
French Southern and Antarctic Lands"Adelie Land" claim inAntarctica is not recognized by the US
Gaboncreation of a maritime boundary in hydrocarbon-rich CoriscoBay with Equatorial Guinea is hampered by dispute over small isletson Mbane/Mbagne bank, administered and occupied by Gabon since the1970s
Gambia, Thenone
Gaza StripWest Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied withcurrent status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement- permanent status to be determined through further negotiation
Georgiaboundary with Russia has been largely delimited, but notdemarcated with several small, strategic segments remaining indispute and OSCE observers monitoring volatile areas such as thePankisi Gorge in the Akhmeti region and the Argun Gorge in Abkhazia;Meshkheti Turks scattered throughout the former Soviet Union seek toreturn to Georgia; ethnic Armenian groups in Javakheti region ofGeorgia seek greater autonomy, closer ties with Armenia
Germanynone
GhanaGhana has received many refugees and returning nationalsescaping rebel fighting in Cote d'Ivoire
GibraltarGibraltar residents vote overwhelmingly in referendumagainst "total shared sovereignty" arrangement worked out betweenSpain and UK to change 300-year rule over colony
Glorioso Islandsclaimed by Madagascar
GreeceGreece and Turkey have resumed discussions to resolve theircomplex maritime, air, territorial, and boundary disputes in theAegean Sea; Cyprus question with Turkey; dispute with The FormerYugoslav Republic of Macedonia over its name
Greenlanduncontested dispute between Canada and Denmark over HansIsland in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland
Grenadanone
Guadeloupenone
Guamnone
GuatemalaGuatemalan squatters continue to settle in Belize borderregion; OAS brokered Differendum in 2002 creating small adjustmentto land boundary, large Guatemalan maritime corridor in Caribbean,joint ecological park for disputed Sapodilla Cays, and substantialUS-UK financial package, but agreement was not brought to popularreferendum leaving Guatemalan claim to southern half of Belize intact
Guernseynone
Guineadomestic fighting among disparate rebel groups in Guinea,Liberia, and Sierra Leone have created skirmishes, deaths, andrefugees in border areas
Guinea-Bissauseparatist war in Senegal's Casamance region resultsin refugees and cross-border raids, arms smuggling and other illegalactivities, and political instability in Guinea-Bissau
Guyanaall of the area west of the Essequibo (river) claimed byVenezuela; Suriname claims area between New (Upper Courantyne) andCourantyne/Kutari [Koetari] rivers (all headwaters of theCourantyne); territorial sea boundary with Suriname is in dispute
Haitidespite efforts to control illegal migration, destituteHaitians continue to cross into Dominican Republic; claimsUS-administered Navassa Island
Heard Island and McDonald Islandsnone
Holy See (Vatican City)none
Hondurasin 1992, ICJ ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones"(disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras border, but theystill remain largely undemarcated; in 2002, El Salvador filed anapplication to the ICJ to revise the decision on a section ofbolsones; the ICJ also advised a tripartite resolution to a maritimeboundary in the Golfo de Fonseca with consideration of Honduranaccess to the Pacific; El Salvador claims tiny Conejo Island, notmentioned by the ICJ, off Honduras in the Golfo de Fonseca; Hondurasclaims Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize but agreed to creationof a joint ecological park and Guatemalan corridor in the Caribbeanin the 2002 Belize-Guatemala Differendum; Nicaragua filed a claimagainst Honduras in 1999 and against Colombia in 2001 at the ICJover a complex maritime dispute in the Caribbean Sea