KenyaForum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People[Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU[Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Mwai KIBAKI] -the governing party
KiribatiBoutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON];Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Patior MKP [leader NA]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. HarryTONG]note: there is no tradition of formally organized political partiesin Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groupsbecause they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or partystructures
Korea, NorthChondoist Chongu Party [YU Mi-yong, chairwoman]; SocialDemocratic Party [KIM Yong-tae, chairman]; major party - KoreanWorkers' Party or KWP [KIM Chong-il, general secretary]
Korea, SouthDemocratic People's Party or DPP [leader NA]; GrandNational Party or GNP [CH'OE Pyong-ryol, chairman]; MillenniumDemocratic Party or MDP [CHO Sun-hyong, chairman]; United LiberalDemocrats or ULD [KIM Chong-p'il, president]; Uri Party [KIMKun-t'ae, chairman]
Kuwaitnone; formation of political parties is illegal
KyrgyzstanAgrarian Labor Party of Kyrgyzstan [Uson S. SYDYKOV];Agrarian Party of Kyrgyzstan [Arkin ALIYEV]; Ata-Meken or Fatherland[Omurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Banner National Revival Party or ASABA[Chaprashty BAZARBAY]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or DDK[Jypar JEKSHEYEV]; Democratic Women's Party of Kyrgyzstan [T. A.SHAILIYEVA]; Dignity Party [Feliks KULOV]; Erkin KyrgyzstanProgressive and Democratic Party [Tursunbay Bakir UULU]; JusticeParty [Chingiz AYTMATOV]; Movement for the People's Salvation[Jumgalbek AMAMBAYEV]; Mutual Help Movement or Ashar [JumagazyUSUPOV]; My Country Party of Action [Almazbek ISMANKULOV]; NationalUnity Democratic Movement or DDNE [Yury RAZGULYAYEV]; Party ofCommunists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [Absamat M. MASALIYEV]; Party of theVeterans of the War in Afghanistan [leader NA]; Peasant Party[leader NA]; People's Party [Melis ESHIMKANOV]; Republican PopularParty of Kyrgyzstan [J. SHARSHENALIYEV]; Social Democratic Party orPSD [J. IBRAMOV]; Union of Democratic Forces (composed of SocialDemocratic Party of Kyrgyzstan or PSD [J. IBRAMOV], Economic RevivalParty, and Birimdik Party)
LaosLao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [KHAMTAI Siphandon,party president]; other parties proscribed
LatviaAlliance of the Greens and Farmers Union or ZZS [AugustsBRIGMANIS (Farmer's Union); Indulis EMSIS (Green Party)]; CENTERPolitical Alliance [Juris CELMINS]; First Party of Latvia [EriksJEKABSONS]; For Fatherland and Freedom or LNNK [Maris GRINBLATS];For Human Rights in a United Latvia or PCTVL [Janis JURKANS], acoalition of the People's Harmony Party or TSP, the LatvianSocialist Party or LSP, and the Equal Rights Movement; Freedom Party[Ziedonis CEVERS]; Land of Mara [Irena SAPROVSKA]; Latvian RebirthParty [Andris RUBINS]; Latvian Social-Democratic Workers Party(Social Democrats) or LSDSP [Juris BOJARS]; Latvia's Way Union or LC[Janis NAGLIS]; Light of Latgale or LG [Rihards EIGIMS]; New EraParty [Einars REPSE]; Our Land Party [Ilmars ANCANS]; Party ofLatvians [Aivars GARDA]; People's Party [Andris SKELE]; ProgressiveCenter Party [Inta STAMGUTE]; Russian Party [Mihails GAVRILOVS];Social Democratic Union or SDS [Egils BALDZENS]; Social DemocraticWelfare Party or SLP [Juris ZURAVLOVS]; United Republican Party ofLatvia or LARP [Eriks Andrejs SAULUNS, Janis PUKIS, Sarmite JEGERE]
Lebanonpolitical party activity is organized along largelysectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting ofindividual political figures and followers motivated by religious,clan, and economic considerations
LesothoBasotho Congress Party or BCP [Tseliso MAKHAKHE]; BasothoNational Party or BNP [Maj. Gen. Justine Metsing LEKHANYA]; LesothoCongress for Democracy or LCD [Phebe MOTEBANO, chairwoman; PakalithaMOSISILI, leader] - the governing party; Lesotho People's Congressor LPC [Kelebone MAOPE]; United Democratic Party or UDP [CharlesMOFELI]; Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP and Setlamo Alliance[Vincent MALEBO]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Chief PeeteNkoebe PEETE]; Sefate Democratic Party or SDP [Bofihla NKUEBE]
LiberiaAlliance of Political Parties (a coalition of LAP and LUP)[leader NA]; All Liberia Coalition Party or ALCOP [Peter KERBAY];Liberian Action Party or LAP [C. Gyude BRYANT]; Liberian People'sParty or LPP [Koffa NAGBE]; Liberia Unification Party or LUP [leaderNA]; National Patriotic Party or NPP [Cyril ALLEN] - governingparty; United People's Party or UPP [Wesley JOHNSON]; Unity Party orUP [Charles CLARKE]
Libyanone
LiechtensteinFatherland Union or VU [Oswald KRANZ]; ProgressiveCitizens' Party or FBP [Ernst WALCH]; The Free List or FL [Dr. PepoFRICK, Karin JENNY, Rene HASLER]
LithuaniaElectoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [ValdemarTOMASZEVSKI, chairman]; Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS[Andrius KUBILIUS, chairman]; Lithuanian Center Union or LCS[Kestutis GLAVECKAS, chairman]; Lithuanian Christian Democrats orLKD [Kazys BOBELIS]; Lithuanian Farmer's Party or LUP [RamunasKARBAUSKIS, chairman]; Lithuanian Green Party [Rimantas BRAZIULIS];Lithuanian Liberal Youth [Neringa MOROZAITE]; Lithuanian NationalDemocratic Party [Vygintas GONTIS]; Lithuanian Social DemocraticCoalition [Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS, chairman] consists of the LithuanianDemocratic Labor Party or LDDP, the Lithuanian Social DemocraticParty or LSDP, and New Democracy; Moderate Conservative Union[Gediminas VAGNORIUS]; Modern Christian Democratic Union [VytautasBOGUSIS, chairman]; New Democracy and Farmer's Union [KazimieraPRUNSKIENE, chairman]; New Union-Social Liberals [ArturasPAULAUSKAS, chairman]; Young Lithuania [Arnoldas PLATELIS]
LuxembourgAction Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [RobertMEHLEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (known also asChristian Social Party or PCS) [Erna HENNICOT-SCHOEPGES]; DemocraticParty or DP [Lydie POLFER]; Green Party [Abbes JACOBY and FelixBRAS]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Jean ASSELBORN];Marxist and Reformed Communist Party DEI LENK (the Left) [no formalleadership]; other minor parties
Macauthere are no formal political parties, however, there arecivic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, jointogether to form political blocs
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic ofDemocratic Alternative orDA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI, president]; Democratic Union for Integrationor DUI (also BDI) [Ali AHMETI]; Democratic Party of Albanians orPDSH [Arben XHAFERI, president]; Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity orVMRO-DPMNE [Ljubco GEORGIEVSKI, president]; Internal MacedonianRevolutionary Organization-True Macedonian Reform Option orVMRO-VMRO [Boris ZMEJKOVSKI]; Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization-Macedonian [Boris STOJMENOV]; Liberal Democratic Partyor LDP [Risto PENOV]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV]; NationalDemocratic Party or PDK [Kastriot HAXHIREXHA]; Party for DemocraticProsperity or PPD [Abdurrahman HALITI]; Social-Democratic Allianceof Macedonia or SDSM [Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president]; SocialistParty of Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV, president]; Together forMacedonia coalition (including the SDSM and LDP) [BrankoCRVENKOVSKI]; Union of Romanies of Macedonia or SRM [leader NA]
MadagascarAssociation for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA[leader vacant]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action forNational Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; I LoveMadagascar or TIM [leader NA]; National Union or FP [leader NA];Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD [Evariste MARSON]
MalawiAlliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA]; MalawiCongress Party or MCP [John TEMBO, president; Gwanda CHAKUAMBA, vicepresident]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; UnitedDemocratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI] - governing party
Malaysiaruling coalition parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party orPGRM [LIM Kheng Yaik]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti LiberalDemokratik - Sabah) or LDP [CHONG Kah Kiat]; Malaysian ChineseAssociation (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [LING Ong Ka Ting];Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongresi India Malaysia) or MIC [S. SamyVELLU]; Parti Bangsa Dayak Sarawak or PBDS [Leo MOGGIE]; PartiBersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti PesakaBumiputra Bersatu or PBB [Patinggi Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; SabahProgressive Party (Parti Progresif Sabah) or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee];Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP[WONG Soon Kah]; United Malays National Organization or UMNO[ABDULLAH Ahmad Badawi]; United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun MurutOrganization (Pertubuhan Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) orUPKO [leader NA]; opposition parties: Democratic Action Party (PartiTindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KERK Kim Hock]; Islamic Party ofMalaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang];National Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Nasional) or Keadilan [WANAZIZAH Wan Ismael]; National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN (theruling coalition dominated by the UMNO and includes MCA, MIC, PGRM,PBDS, SUPP, PBB, PBS, LDP, SAPP, UPKO) [ABDULLAH Ahmad Badawi]
Maldivesalthough political parties are not banned, none exist
MaliAlliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda Traore KEITA, partychairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA[Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [MamadouBakary SANGARE, chairman]; Hope 2002 [leader NA]; Movement for theIndependence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA[Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress forDemocratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party forDemocracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party forNational Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME,secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [AliGNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA,chairman]; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Bonbasor KEITA, chairman];Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou BamouTOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progressor UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy andDevelopment or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]
MaltaAlternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD[Harry VASSALLO]; Malta Labor Party or MLP [Alfred SANT];Nationalist Party or PN [Edward FENECH ADAMI]
Man, Isle ofMan Labor Party [leader NA]; Alliance for ProgressiveGovernment [leader NA]; Man Nationalist Party [leader NA]note: most members sit as independents
Marshall Islandstraditionally there have been no formally organizedpolitical parties; what has existed more closely resembles factionsor interest groups because they do not have party headquarters,formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings"have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Kabua Party[Imata KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]
MartiniqueMartinique Communist Party or PCM [Pierre SUEDILLE];Martinique Independence Movement or MIM [Alfred MARIE-JEANNE];Martinique Progressive Party or PPM [Camille DARSIERES]; MartiniqueSocialist Party or PMS [Ernest WAN-AJOUHU]; Movement of Democratsand Ecologists for a Sovereign Martinique or Modemas [Garcin MALSA];Rally for the Republic or RPR [Michel CHARLONE]; SocialistRevolution Group or GRS [Philippe PIERRE-CHARLES]; Union for FrenchDemocracy or UDF [Jean MAREN]
MauritaniaAction for Change or AC [Messoud Ould BOULKHEIR];Alliance for Justice and Democracy or AJD [Kebe ABDOULAYE];Democratic and Social Republican Party or PRDS (ruling party)[President Maaouya Ould Sid Ahmed TAYA]; Mauritanian Party forRenewal and Concorde or PMRC [Molaye El Hassen Ould JIYID]; NationalUnion for Democracy and Development or UNDD [Tidjane KOITA]; Partyfor Liberty, Equality and Justice or PLEJ [Daouda M'BAGNIGA];Popular Front or FP [Ch'bih Ould CHEIKH MALAININE]; Popular ProgressAlliance or APP [Mohamed El Hafed Ould ISMAEL]; Popular Social andDemocratic Union or UPSD [Mohamed Mahmoud Ould MAH]; Progress ForceUnion or UFP [Mohamed Ould MAOULOUD]; Rally of Democratic Forces orRFD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH]; Rally for Democracy and Unity or RDU [AhmedOuld SIDI BABA]; Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha MintMOUKNASS]note: the Action for Change party was banned in January 2002;parties legalized by constitution ratified 12 July 1991, however,politics continue to be tribally based
MauritiusHizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Partyor MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM[Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Social DemocratParty or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant SocialistMovement or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH] - governing party; RodriguesMovement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues PeoplesOrganization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
MayotteDemocratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran PopularMovement or MPM [Ahmed MADI]; Federation of Mahorans or RPR [MansourKAMARDINE]; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM [MouhoutarSALIM]; Socialist Party or PS (local branch of French PartiSocialiste) [Ibrahim ABUBACAR]; Union for French Democracy or UDF[Henri JEAN-BAPTISTE]
MexicoConvergence for Democracy or CD [Dante DELGADO Ranauro];Institutional Revolutionary Party or PRI [Dulce Maria SAURIRiancho]; Mexican Green Ecological Party or PVEM [Jorge EmilioGONZALEZ Martinez]; National Action Party or PAN [Luis Felipe BRAVOMena]; Party of the Democratic Revolution or PRD [Amalia GARCIAMedina]; Party of the Nationalist Society or PSN [Gustavo RIOJASSantana]; Social Alliance Party or PAS [Guillermo CALDERONDominguez]; Workers Party or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]
Micronesia, Federated States ofno formal parties
MoldovaBraghis Alliance [Dumitru BRAGHIS]; Communist Party or PCM[Vladimir VORONIN, first chairman]; Popular Christian DemocraticParty or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Social Democratic Union (composed ofBraghis Alliance and the Democratic Party of Moldova) [leader NA]
MonacoNational and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA];Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future ofMonaco or UNAM [leader NA]
MongoliaCitizens' Will Party or CWP (also called Civil Will Partyor Civil Courage Party) [Sanjaasurengyn OYUN]; Democratic Party orDP [D. DORLIGJAN]; Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP[Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR]; Mongolian New Socialist Democratic Party orMNSDP [B. ERDENEBAT]; Mongolian Republican Party or MRP [B.JARGALSAIHAN]note: the MPRP is the ruling party
MontserratNational Progressive Party or NPP [Reuben T. MEADE]; NewPeople's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]
MoroccoAction Party or PA [Muhammad EL IDRISSI]; Alliance ofLiberties or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; Annahj Addimocrati or Annahj[Abdellah EL HARIF]; Avant Garde Social Democratic Party or PADS[Ahmed BENJELLOUN]; Citizen Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI];Citizen's Initiatives for Development [Mohamed BENHAMOU];Constitutional Union or UC [Mohamed ABIED (interim)]; Democratic andIndependence Party or PDI [Abdelwahed MAACH]; Democratic and SocialMovement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD[Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN];Environment and Development Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Front ofDemocratic Forces or FFD [Thami EL KHYARI]; Istiqlal Party(Independence Party) or PI [Abbas El FASSI]; Justice and DevelopmentParty (formerly the Constitutional and Democratic Popular Movement)or PJD [Abdelkrim EL KHATIB]; Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [MohamedZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND [Abdallah KADIRI]; NationalIttihadi Congress Party or CNI [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; NationalPopular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi AHERDANE]; National Rally ofIndependents or RNI [Ahmed OSMAN]; National Union of Popular Forcesor UNFP [Abdellah IBRAHIM]; Parti Al Ahd or Al Ahd [Najib ELOUAZZANI, chairman]; Party of Progress and Socialism or PPS [IsmailALAOUI]; Party of Renewal and Equity or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR]; Partyof the Unified Socialist Left or GSU [Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER];Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Reform and DevelopmentParty or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Social Center Party or PSC[Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP[Abderrahman EL-YOUSSOUFI]
MozambiqueFront for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente deLiberatacao de Mocambique) or Frelimo [Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO,president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union(Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or Renamo-UE[Afonso DHLAKAMA, president]
NamibiaCongress of Democrats or COD [Ben ULENGA]; DemocraticTurnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA, president];Monitor Action Group or MAG [Kosie PRETORIUS]; South West AfricaPeople's Organization or SWAPO [Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA]; UnitedDemocratic Front or UDF [Justus GAROEB]
Nauruloose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG];Nauru Party (informal) [leader NA]; Naoero Amo (Nauru First) Party[leader NA]
NepalCommunist Party of Nepal/United Marxist-Leninist or CPN/UML[Madhav Kumar NEPAL, general secretary]; National Democratic Partyor NDP (also called Rastriya Prajantra Party or RPP) [Surya BahadurTHAPA, chairman]; National People's Front (Rastriya Jana Morcha)[Chitra Bahadur, chairman]; Nepal Sadbhavana (Goodwill) Party or NSP[Bhadri Prasad MANDAL, acting party president]; Nepal Workers andPeasants Party or NWPP [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE, party chairman];Nepali Congress or NC [Girija Prasad KOIRALA, party president;Sushil KOIRALA, general secretary]; Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal [LilaMani POKHAREL, general secretary]
NetherlandsChristian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Maxime JacquesMarcel VERHAGEN]; Christian Union Party [Andre ROUVOET]; Democrats66 or D66 [Boris DITTRICH]; Green Party [Femke HALSEMA]; Labor Partyor PvdA [Wouter BOS]; List Pim Fortuyn [Mat HERBEN]; People's Partyfor Freedom and Democracy (Liberal) or VVD [Gerrit ZALM]; SocialistParty [Jan MARIJNISSEN]; a host of minor parties
Netherlands AntillesAntillean Restructuring Party or PAR [MiguelPOURIER]; C 93 [Stanley BROWN]; Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB[Jopi ABRAHAM]; Democratic Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ];Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E [Julian WOODLEY];Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [SarahWESCOTT-WILLIAMS]; Foundation Energetic Management Anti-Narcotics orFAME [Eric LODEWIJKS]; Labor Party People's Crusade or PLKP [ErrolCOVA]; National People's Party or PNP [Susanne F. C. CAMELIA-ROMER];New Antilles Movement or MAN [Kenneth GIJSBERTHA]; Patriotic Unionof Bonaire or UPB [Ramon BOOI]; Patriotic Movement of Sint Maartenor SPA [Vance JAMES, Jr.]; People's Party or PAPU [Richard Hodi];Pro Curacao Party or PPK [Winston LOURENS]; Saba Democratic LaborMovement [Steve HASSELL]; Saba Unity Party [Carmen SIMMONDS]; St.Eustatius Alliance or SEA [Kenneth VAN PUTTEN]; Serious AlternativePeople's Party or Sapp [Julian ROLLOCKS]; Social Action Cause or KAS[Benny DEMEI]; Windward Islands People's Movement or WIPM [WillJOHNSTON]; Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT, RignaldLAK, Editha WRIGHT]note: political parties are indigenous to each island
New CaledoniaAlliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX];Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI[Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni deLiberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front forNational Liberation or FLNKS [leader NA] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC,and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE andElie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic (antiindependent) or RPCR [Jacques LAFLEUR]; Union Nationale pourl'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist,but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti deLiberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM[Victor TUTUGORO]
New ZealandACT New Zealand [Richard PREBBLE]; Alliance (a coalitionof the New Labor Party, Democratic Party, New Zealand Liberal Party,and Mana Motuhake) [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; Green Party [JeanetteFITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; National Party or NP [Don BRASH]; NewZealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand LaborParty or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE]
NicaraguaConservative Party of Nicaragua or PCN [Dr. FernandoAGUERO Rocha]; Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Virgilio GODOY];Liberal Alliance (ruling alliance including Liberal ConstitutionalParty or PLC, New Liberal Party or PALI, Independent Liberal Partyfor National Unity or PLIUN, and Central American Unionist Party orPUCA) [leader NA]; National Conservative Party or PC [PedroSOLARZANO, Noel VIDAURRE]; National Project or PRONAL [BenjaminLANZAS]; Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path or PCCN [GuillermoOSORNO, Roberto RODRIGUEZ]; Nicaraguan Resistance Party or PRN[Salvador TALAVERA]; Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN[Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS[Sergio RAMIREZ]; Unity Alliance or AU [Alejandro SERRANO]; UnionNacional Opositora 96 or UNO-96 [Alfredo CESAR Aguirre]
NigerDemocratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [HamidALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama[Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a DevelopingSociety-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; NigerienAlliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya orANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party forDemocracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [MahamadouISSOUFOU]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua orUPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman]
NigeriaAlliance for Democracy or AD [Alhaji Adamu ABDULKADIR]; AllNigeria Peoples' Party or ANPP [Don ETIEBET]; All Progressives GrandAlliance or APGA [Chekwas OKORIE]; National Democratic Party or NDP[Aliyu Habu FARI]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Audu OGBEH];Peoples Redemption Party or PRP [Abdulkadir Balarabe MUSA]; PeoplesSalvation Party or PSP [Lawal MAITURARE]; United Nigeria PeoplesParty or UNPP [Saleh JAMBO]
NiueNiue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance ofIndependents or AI [leader NA]
Norfolk Islandnone
Northern Mariana IslandsDemocratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO];Republican Party [Benigno R. FITIAL]
NorwayCenter Party [Aslaug Marie HAGA]; Christian People's Party[Valgerd Svarstad HAUGLAND]; Coastal Party [Steinar BASTESEN];Conservative Party [Jan PETERSEN]; Labor Party [Jens STOLTENBERG];Liberal Party [Lars SPONHEIM]; Progress Party [Carl I. HAGEN];Socialist Left Party [Kristin HALVORSEN]
Omannone
PakistanAwami National Party or ANP [Wali KHAN]; BalochistanNational Movement/Hayee Group or BNM/H [Dr. Hayee BALUCH]; BaluchNational Party or BNP [Sardar Akhtar MENGAL]; Baluch NationalParty/Awami or BNP/Awami [Moheem Kahn BALOCH]; Jamhoori Watan Partyor JWP [Akbar Khan BUGTI]; Jamiat-al-Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR];Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Fazlur Rehman faction or JUI/F [FazlurREHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-HAQ faction or JUI/S [Samiul-HAQ]; Jamiat-i-Islami or JI [Qazi Hussain AHMED]; JamiatUlema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction or JUP/NO [Shah Ahmad NOORANI];Millat Party or MP [Farooq LEGHARI]; Mutahida Qaumi Movement, Altaffaction or MQM/A [Altaf HUSSAIN]; Muhajir Quami Movement, Haqiqifaction or MQM/H [Afaq AHMAD]; Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal Pakistan orMMA [leader NA]; National Alliance or NA [Farooq Ahmad KhanLEGHARI]; National People's Party or NPP [Ghulam Mustapha JATOI];Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PkMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI];Pakhtun Quami Party or PQP [Mohammed Afzal KHAN]; Pakistan AwamiTehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan Democratic Party or PDP[Nawabadzada KHAN]; Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group orPML/F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo faction or PML/J[Hamid Nasir CHATTHA]; Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif factionor PML/N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan Muslim League, Quaid-l-Azamfaction or PML/Q [Chaudhry Shujjat HUSSEIN]; Pakistan Muslim League,Zia-ul-HAQ or PML/Z [Ejaz ul-Haq]; Pakistan National Party or PNP[Hasil BIZENJO]; Pakistan People's Party or PPP [Benazir BHUTTO];Pakistan People's Party/Sherpao or PPP/S [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO];Pakistan People's Party/Shaheed Bhutto or PPP/SB [Ghinva BHUTTO];Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Amin FAHIM];Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]; Tehrik-i-Islami[Allama Sajid NAQVI]; Tehrik-i-Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Palaunone
PanamaArnulfista Party or PA [Mireya Elisa MOSCOSO Rodriguez];Civic Renewal Party or PRC [Serguei DE LA ROSA]; Democratic Change[Ricardo MARTINELLI]; Democratic Revolutionary Party or PRD [MartinTORRIJOS]; National Liberal Party or PLN [Raul ARANGO Gasteazopo];National Renovation Movement or MORENA [Pedro VALLARINO Cox];Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Ramon MORALES];Popular Party or PP (formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC)[Ruben AROSEMENA]; Solidarity Party or PS [Samuel LEWIS Galindo]
Papua New GuineaMelanesian Alliance Party or MAP [BernardNAROKOBI]; National Alliance or NA [Michael SOMARE, party leader;George MANOA, party president]; National Front Party [leader NA];National Party or NP [leader NA]; Papua New Guinea Revival Party[John PUNDARI]; Papua New Guinea United Party or Pangu Pati [PateWAMP, party leader; Chris HAIVETA, parliamentary leader]; People'sAction Party or PAP [Ted DIRO]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM[Sir Mekere MORAUTA]; People's Labor Party or PLP [Peter YAMA];People's National Congress or PNC [Bill SKATE]; People's ProgressParty or PPP [Michael NALI]; People's Unity Party or PUP [leaderNA]; United Party or UP [Rimbiuk PATO]note: 43 political parties registered to participate in the June2002 elections
ParaguayAsociacion Nacional Republicana - Colorado Party or ANR[Nicanor DUARTE FRUTOS]; Movimiento Patria Querida or MPQ [PedroNicolas Maraa FADUL Niella]; Movimiento Union Nacional de ColoradosEticos or UNACE [Lino Cesar OVIEDO Silva]; Partido EncuentroNacional or PEN [Diego ABENTE Brun]; Partido Liberal RadicalAutentico or PLRA [Julio Cesar FRANCO]; Partido Pais Solidario orPPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares]
PeruPeruvian Aprista Party or PAP [Alan GARCIA]; IndependentMoralizing Front or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; National Unity(Unidad Nacional) or UN [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru Posible or PP[Luis SOLARI]; Popular Action or AP [Javier DIAZ Orihuela]; SolucionPopular [Carlos BOLANA]; Somos Peru or SP [Alberto ANDRADE]; Unionfor Peru or UPP [Roger GUERRA Garcia]
PhilippinesLaban Ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of FilipinoDemocrats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA, president, Agapito AQUINO,secretary general]; Lakas Ng Edsa (National Union of ChristianDemocrats) or Lakas [Jose DE VENECIA, president]; Liberal Party orLP [Florencio ABAD, president; Franklin DRILON, chairman]; NationalPeople's Coalition or NPC [Eduardo COJUANGCO, chairman emeritus;Frisco SAN JUAN, president; Faustino DY, chairman]; PDP-Laban[Aquilino PIMENTEL, chairman; Jejomar BINAY, president]; PMP[Horacio MORALES, president]; Aksyon Demokratiko Party [Raul ROCO,president]; Reporma [Renato DE VILLA, chairman]; PROMDI [EmilioOSMENA, president]
Pitcairn Islandsnone
PolandCatholic-National Movement or RKN [Antoni MACIEREWICZ];Citizens Platform or PO [Donald TUSK]; Conservative Peasants Partyor SKL-RNP [Artur BALAZS]; Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [LeszekMILLER]; Freedom Union or UW [Wladyslaw FRASYNIUK]; German Minorityof Lower Silesia or MNSO [Henryk KROLL]; Law and Justice or PiS[Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI]; League of Polish Families or LPR [MarekKOTLINOWSKI]; Movement for the Reconstruction of Poland or ROP [JanOLSZEWSKI]; Peasant-Democratic Party or PLD [Roman JAGIELINSKI];Polish Accord or PP [Jan LOPUSZANSKI]; Polish Peasant Bloc or PBL[Wojciech MOJZESOWICZ]; Polish Peasant Party or PSL [JaroslawKALINOWSKI]; Samoobrona [Andrzej LEPPER]; Social Movement or RS[Krzysztof PIESIEWICZ]; Union of Labor or UP [Marek POL]
PortugalThe Greens or PEV [no leader]; Popular Party or PP [PauloPORTAS]; Portuguese Communist Party/The Greens or PCP/PEV [CarlosCARVALHAS]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Eduardo FerroRODRIGUES]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Jose Manuel DURAOBARROSO]; United Democratic Coalition or CDU [Carlos CARVALHAS]; TheLeft Bloc [no leader]
Puerto RicoNational Democratic Party [Celeste BENITEZ]; NationalRepublican Party of Puerto Rico [Luis FERRE]; New Progressive Partyor PNP (pro-US statehood) [Carlos PESQUERA]; Popular DemocraticParty or PPD (pro-commonwealth) [Sila M. CALDERON]; Puerto RicanIndependence Party or PIP (pro-independence) [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez]
Qatarnone
ReunionCommunist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally forthe Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS[Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [GilbertGERARD]
RomaniaDemocratic Party or PD [Traian BASESCU]; Democratic Union ofHungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO]; National Liberal Partyor PNL [Theodor STOLOJAN]; Romania Mare Party (Greater RomanianParty) or PRM [Corneliu Vadim TUDOR]; Social Democratic Party or PSD[Adrian NASTASE], formerly known as the Party of Social Democracy inRomania or PDSR
RussiaCommunist Party of the Russian Federation or KPRF [GennadiyAndreyevich ZYUGANOV]; Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR[Vladimir Volfovich ZHIRINOVSKIY]; Motherland Bloc (Rodina) [SergeyGLAZYEV and Dmitriy ROGOZIN]; People's Party [Gennadiy RAYKOV];Union of Rightist Forces or SPS [Anatoliy Borisovich CHUBAYS, YegorTimurovich GAYDAR, Irina Mutsuovna KHAKAMADA, Boris YefimovichNEMTSOV]; United Russia [Boris Vyacheslavovich GRYZLOV]; YablokoParty [Grigoriy Alekseyevich YAVLINSKIY]
RwandaCentrist Democratic Party or PDC [Jean-NipomusceneNAYINZIRA]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [J. DamasceneNTAWUKURIRYAYO]; Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [leaderNA]; Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA];Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; Liberal Party or PL[Pie MUGABO]; Party for Democratic Renewal (officially banned)[Pasteur BIZIMUNGU and Charles NTAKARUTINKA]; Rwanda Patriotic Frontor FPR [Maj. Gen. Paul KAGAME]; Rwandan Socialist Party or PSR[leader NA]
Saint Helenanone
Saint Kitts and NevisConcerned Citizens Movement or CCM [VanceAMORY]; Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]; People'sAction Movement or PAM [Lindsey GRANT]; Saint Kitts and Nevis LaborParty or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]
Saint LuciaNational Alliance or NA [George ODLUM]; Saint LuciaFreedom Party or SFP [Martinus FRANCOIS]; Saint Lucia Labor Party orSLP [Kenneth ANTHONY]; Sou Tout Apwe Fete Fini or STAFF [ChristopherHUNTE]; United Workers Party or UWP [Dr. Morella JOSEPH]
Saint Pierre and MiquelonPRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour laRepublique or RPR (now UMP) [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS[leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesNational Reform Party or NRP [JoelMIGUEL]; New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim EUSTACE]; People'sProgressive Movement or PPM [Ken BOYEA]; Progressive Labor Party orPLP [leader NA]; United People's Movement or UPM [Adrian SAUNDERS];Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the coalitionof Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for NationalUnity or MNU)
SamoaChristian Democratic Party [leader NA]; Human RightsProtection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA, chairman];Samoa All People's Party or SAPP [Matatumua MAIMOANA]; SamoanNational Development Party or SNDP [LE MAMEA Ropati, chairman](opposition); Samoa National Party [FETU Tiatia, party secretary];Samoan Progressive Conservative Party [LEOTA Ituau Ale]; SamoanUnited Independents Party or SUIP [Dr. Saleimoa VAAI]
San MarinoCommunist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas inMovement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leaderNA]; Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino ChristianDemocratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino PopularAlliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San MarinoSocialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform orSR [Renzo GIARDI]
Sao Tome and PrincipeDemocratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA];Force for Change Democratic Movement [leader NA]; IndependentDemocratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberationof Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD[Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD[Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition [leader NA]; other smallparties
Saudi Arabianone allowed
SenegalAfrican Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (alsoknown as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Partyof Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress orAFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP(also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; DemocraticLeague-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Frontfor Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; GaindeCentrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Partyor PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [MadierDIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE];Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition (acoalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for DemocraticRenewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties
Serbia and MontenegroDemocratic Opposition of Serbia or DOS (acoalition of many small parties including DSS) [leader NA]; Allianceof Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Jozsef KASZA]; Democratic League ofKosovo or LDK [Dr. Ibrahim RUGOVA, president]; Democratic List forEuropean Montenegro or DLECG [Milo DJUKANOVIC, Ranko KRIVOKAPIC];Democratic Party or DS [collective interim leadership led by CedomirJOVANOVIC]; Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA];Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro or DPS [MiloDJUKANOVIC]; Party of Serb Unity or SSJ [Borislav PELEVIC]; SerbianRadical Party or SRS [Tomislav NIKOLIC]; Serbian Socialist Party orSPS (former Communist Party and party of Slobodan MILOSEVIC) [ZoranANDJELKOVIC, general secretary]; Social Democratic Party or SDP[Rasim LJAJIC]; Together for Changes or ZP [leader NA]
SeychellesDemocratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Daniel BELLE];Mouvement Seychellois pour la Democratie [Jacques HODOUL];Seychelles National Party or SNP (formerly the United Opposition orUO) [Wavel RAMKALAWAN]; Seychelles People's Progressive Front orSPPF [France Albert RENE, James MICHEL] - the governing party
Sierra LeoneAll People's Congress or APC [Alhaji Sat KOROMA,interim chairman]; Citizens United for Peace and Progress or CUPP[Alfred Musa CONTEH, interim chairman]; Coalition for Progress Partyor CPP [Jeridine WILLIAM-SARHO, interim leader]; Democratic CenterParty or DCP [Adu Aiah KOROMA]; Democratic Labor Party or DLP[George E. L. PALMER]; Democratic Party or DP [Henry BALO, actingchairman]; National Alliance Democratic Party or NADP [Mohamed YahyaSILLAH, chairman]; National Democratic Alliance or NDA [Amadu M. B.JALLOH]; National People's Party or NPP [Andrew TURAY]; NationalRepublican Party or NRP [Stephen Sahr MAMBU]; National UnityMovement or NUM [Sam LEIGH, interim chairman]; National Unity Partyor NUP [John BENJAMINE, interim leader]; Peace and Liberation Partyor PLP [Darlington MORRISON, interim chairman]; People's DemocraticAlliance or PDA [Cpl. (Ret.) Abdul Rahman KAMARA, interim chairman];People's Democratic Party or PDP [Osman KAMARA]; People's NationalConvention or PNC [Edward John KARGBO]; People's Progressive Partyor PPP [Abass Chernok BUNDU, chairman]; Revolutionary United FrontParty or RUFP [Foday Saybana SANKOH, chairman]; Social DemocraticParty or SDP [Andrew Victor LUNGAY]; Sierra Leone People's Party orSLPP [Ahmad Tejan KABBAH, chairman]; United National People's Partyor UNPP [John KAREFA-SMART in exile, Raymond KAMARA, acting leader];Young People's Party or YPP [Cornelius DEVEAUS, interim chairman]
Singaporegoverning party: People's Action Party or PAP [GOH ChokTong]; opposition parties: Democratic Progressive Party or DPP[leader NA]; National Solidarity Party or NSP [Steve CHIA];Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAM See Tong] (includes SPP,PKMS, NSP, SJP); Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan];Singapore Justice Party or SJP [leader NA]; Singapore National MalayOrganization or PKMS [Muhammad ALI Aman]; Singapore People's Partyor SPP [CHIAM See Tong]; Workers' Party or WP [LOW Thia Kiang]
SlovakiaChristian Democratic Movement or KDH [Pavol HRUSOVSKY];Democratic Party or DS [Ludovit KANIK]; Direction (Smer) [RobertFICO]; Movement for a Democratic Slovakia-People's Party or HZDS-LS[Vladimir MECIAR]; New Citizens Alliance or ANO [Pavol RUSKO]; Partyof the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [Bela BUGAR]; Slovak CommunistParty or KSS [Jozef SEVC]; Slovak Democratic and Christian Union orSDKU [Mikulas DZURINDA]; Slovak National Party or SNS [Jan SLOTA]
SloveniaDemocratic Party of Retired (Persons) of Slovenia or DeSUS[Anton ROUS]; Liberal Democratic or LDS [Anton ROP]; New Slovenia orNSi [Andrej BAJUK]; Slovene National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC];Slovene People's Party or SLS [Franc BUT]; Slovene Youth Party orSMS [Dominic CERNJAK]; Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDS[Janez JANSA]; United List of Social Democrats or ZLSD [Borut PAHOR]
Solomon IslandsAssociation of Independents [Snyder RINI]; People'sAlliance Party or PAP [Allan KEMAKEZA]; People's Progressive Partyor PPP [Mannaseh Damukana SOGAVARE]; Solomon Islands Alliance forChange Coalition or SIACC [Bartholomew ULUFA'ALU]; Solomon IslandsLabor Party or SILP [Joses TUHANUKU]note: in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluidcoalitions
Somalianone
South AfricaAfrican Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [KennethMESHOE, president]; African National Congress or ANC [Thabo MBEKI,president]; Democratic Alliance (formed from the merger of theDemocratic Party or DP and the New National Party or NNP; note - NNPsplit from DP in 2001) [Anthony LEON]; Freedom Front or FF [Dr.Pieter MULDER, president]; Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [MangosuthuBUTHELEZI, president]; New National Party or NNP [Marthinus VANSCHALKWYK]; Pan-Africanist Congress or PAC [Stanley MOGOBA,president]; United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]
SpainBasque Nationalist Party or PNV [Xabier ARZALLUS Antia];Canarian Coalition or CC (a coalition of five parties) [PaulinoRIVERO]; Convergence and Union or CiU [Jordi PUJOL i Soley,secretary general] (a coalition of the Democratic Convergence ofCatalonia or CDC [Jordi PUJOL i Soley] and the Democratic Union ofCatalonia or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN y LLEIDA]); GalicianNationalist Bloc or BNG [Xose Manuel BEIRAS]; Party of Independentsfrom Lanzarote or PIL [Dimas MARTIN Martin]; Popular Party or PP[Mariano RAJOY]; Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Jose LuisRODRIGUEZ ZAPATERO]; United Left or IU (a coalition of partiesincluding the PCE and other small parties) [Gaspar LLAMAZARES]
Sri LankaAll Ceylon Tamil Congress or ACTC [KUMARGURUPARAM]; CeylonWorkers Congress or CWC [Arumugam THONDAMAN]; Communist Party or CP[D. GUNASEKERA]; Democratic United National (Lalith) Front or DUNLF[Shrimani ATULATHMUDALI]; Eelam People's Democratic Party or EPDP[Douglas DEVANANDA]; Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Frontor EPRLF [Suresh PREMACHANDRAN]; Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or JVP[Tilvan SILVA]; National Unity Alliance or NUA [Ferial ASHRAFF];People's Alliance or PA [Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA];People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam or PLOTE [leaderNA]; Sihala Urumaya or SU [Tilak KARUNARATNE]; Sri Lanka FreedomParty or SLFP [Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA]; Sri Lanka MuslimCongress or SLMC [Rauff HAKEEM]; Sri Lanka Progressive Front or SLPF[P. Nelson PERERA]; Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization or TELO[SABARATNAM]; Tamil National Alliance or TNA [Nadarajah RAVIRAJ];Tamil United Liberation Front or TULF [R. SAMPATHAN]; UnitedNational Party or UNP [Ranil WICKREMASINGHE]; Upcountry People'sFront or UPF [P. CHANDRASEKARAN]; several ethnic Tamil and Muslimparties, represented in either Parliament or provincial councils
Sudanthe government allows political "associations" under a 1998law revised in 2000; to obtain government approval parties mustaccept the constitution and refrain from advocating or usingviolence against the regime; approved parties include the NationalCongress Party or NCP [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR], Popular NationalCongress or PNC [Hassan al-TURABI], and over 20 minor,pro-government parties
SurinameDemocratic Alternative '91 or DA '91 (a coalition of theAlternative Forum or AF and Party for Brotherhood and Unity inPolitics or BEP, formed in January 1991) [Winston JESSURUN];Democratic National Platform 2000 or DNP 2000 (coalition of twoparties, Democratic Party and Democrats of the 21st Century) [JulesWIJDENBOSCH]; Independent Progressive Democratic Alternative or OPDA[Joginder RAMKHILAWAN]; Millennium Combination or MC (a coalition ofthree parties, Democratic Alternative, Party for National Unity andSolidarity, and National Democratic Party) [leader NA]; NationalDemocratic Party or NDP [Desire BOUTERSE]; Naya Kadam or NK [leaderNA]; Party for Renewal and Democracy or BVD [Tjan GOBARDHAN]; Partyof National Unity and Solidarity or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA]; PertjajaLuhur [Paul SOMOHARDJO]; Progressive Workers' and Farm Laborers'Union or PALU [Ir Iwan KROLIS]; The New Front or NF (a coalition offour parties Suriname National Party or NPS, Progressive ReformParty or VHP, Suriname Labor Party or SPA, and Pertjaja Luhur)[Runaldo Ronald VENETIAAN]; The Progressive Development Alliance (acombination of three parties, Renewed Progressive Party or HPP,Party of the Federation of Land Workers or PVF, and SurinameProgressive People's Party or PSV) [Harry KISOENSINGH]
Swazilandpolitical parties are banned by the constitution - thefollowing are considered political associations; Imbokodvo NationalMovement or INM [leader NA]; Ngwane National Liberatory Congress orNNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movementor PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]; Swaziland National Front orSWANAFRO [Elmond SHONGWE, president]
SwedenCenter Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party [AlfSVENSSON]; Green Party [no formal leader but party spokespersons areMaria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left Party or VP (formerlyCommunist) [Ulla HOFFMAN (acting)]; Liberal People's Party [LarsLEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Fredrik REINFELDT];Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]
SwitzerlandChristian Democratic People's Party(Christichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, PartiDemocrate-Chretien Suisse or PDC, Partito Democratico-CristianoPopolare Svizzero or PDC, Partida Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizraor PCD) [Philipp STAEHELIN, president]; Green Party (Grune Parteider Schweiz or Grune, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, PartitoEcologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or LaVerda) [Ruth GENNER and Patrice MUGNY, co-presidents]; Radical FreeDemocratic Party (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz orFDP, Parti Radical-Democratique Suisse or PRD, PartitioLiberal-Radicale Svizzero or PLR) [Christiane LANGENBERGER,president]; Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei derSchweiz or SPS, Parti Socialist Suisse or PSS, Partito SocialistaSvizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS)[Christiane BRUNNER, president]; Swiss People's Party(Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre orUDC, Unione Democratica de Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dalCenter or UDC) [Ueli MAURER, president]; and other minor parties
SyriaNational Progressive Front or NPF (includes Arab SocialistRenaissance (Ba'th) Party (governing party) [President Basharal-ASAD, secretary general], Socialist Unionist Democratic Party[Ahmad al ASAD], Syrian Communist Party [leader NA], UnionistSocialist Party [leader NA], Arab Socialist Party [Abd al-GhaniQANNUT], and Arab Socialist Unionist Movement [Sami SUFAN])[President Bashar al-ASAD, chairman]; Syrian Arab Socialist Party orASP [Safwan QUDSI]; Syrian Communist Party or SCP [Yusuf FAYSAL];Syrian Social National Party [Jubran URAYJI]
TaiwanDemocratic Progressive Party or DPP [CHEN Shui-bian,chairman]; Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [LIEN Chan,chairman]; People First Party or PFP [James SOONG (SOONG Chu-yu),chairman]; Taiwan Solidarity Union or TSU [HUANG Chu-wen, chairman];other minor parties including the Chinese New Party or CNP
TajikistanDemocratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV,chairman]; Islamic Revival Party [Said Abdullo NURI, chairman];People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV];Social Democratic Party or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; Socialist Partyor SPT [Sherali KENJAYEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [ShodiSHABDOLOV]
TanzaniaChama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy andDevelopment) or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM(Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA]; Civic United Frontor CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party (unregistered)[Christopher MTIKLA]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [AugustineLyatonga MREMA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO]
ThailandDemocratic Party or DP (Prachathipat Party) [BANTADTANBanyat]; National Development Party or NDP (Chat Phattana) [KORNDabbaransi]; Thai Nation Party or TNP (Chat Thai Party) [BANHANSinlapa-acha]; Thai Rak Thai Party or TRT [THAKSIN Chinnawat]
TogoJuvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peaceand Equality or MOCEP [leader NA]; Rally for the Support forDevelopment and Democracy or RSDD [Hanay OLYMPIO]; Rally of theTogolese People or RPT [President Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union forDemocracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA,was the only party until the formation of multiple parties waslegalized 12 April 1991
Tokelaunone
Tongathere are no political parties
Trinidad and TobagoNational Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR[Hochoy CHARLES]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP [leader NA];People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; Team Unity orTUN [Ramesh MAHARAJ]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]
TunisiaAl-Tajdid Movement [Adel CHAOUCH]; Constitutional DemocraticRally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD[President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party)]; LiberalSocial Party or PSL [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of Democratic Socialistsor MDS [Khamis CHAMMARI]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed BelhajAMOR]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Abderrahmane TLILI]
TurkeyDemocratic Left Party or DSP [Bulent ECEVIT]; Justice andDevelopment Party or AKP [Recep Tayip ERDOGAN]; Motherland Party orANAP [Ahmet Mesut YILMAZ]; Nationalist Action Party or MHP [DevletBAHCELI]; Republican People's Party or CHP [Deniz BAYKAL]; True PathParty (sometimes translated as Correct Way Party) or DYP [TansuCILLER]; Young Party or GP [Cem UZAN]
TurkmenistanDemocratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [SaparmuratNIYAZOV]note: formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, smallopposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries; thetwo most prominent opposition groups-in-exile have been Gundogar andErkin; Gundogar was led by former Foreign Minister BorisSHIKHUMRADOV until his arrest and imprisonment in the wake of the 25November 2002 assassination attempt on President NIYAZOV; Erkin isled by former Foreign Minister Abdy KULIEV and is based out of Moscow
Turks and Caicos IslandsPeople's Democratic Movement or PDM [DerekH. TAYLOR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Washington MISICK];United Democratic Party or UDP [Wendal SWANN]
Tuvaluthere are no political parties but members of Parliamentusually align themselves in informal groupings
Ugandaonly one political organization, the Movement (formerly theNRM)[President MUSEVENI, chairman] is allowed to operate unfettered;note - the president maintains that the Movement is not a politicalparty, but a mass organization, which claims the loyalty of allUgandansnote: the constitution requires the suspension of political partieswhile the Movement organization is in governance; of the politicalparties that exist but are prohibited from sponsoring candidates,the most important are the Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [MiltonOBOTE]; Democratic Party or DP [Paul SSEMOGERERE]; ConservativeParty or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]; Justice Forum [Muhammad KibirigeMAYANJA]; and National Democrats Forum [Chapaa KARUHANGA]
UkraineAgrarian Party [Kateryna VASHCHUK]; Communist Party ofUkraine or CPU [Petro SYMONENKO]; Democratic Initiatives [StepanHAVRYSH]; European Choice [Volodymyr STASYUK]; Our Ukraine [ViktorYUSHCHENKO]; People's Choice [Mykola HAPOCHKA]; People's DemocraticParty or PDP [Valeriy PUSTOVOYTENKO, chairman]; People's Power[Bohdan HUBSKYY]; Regions of Ukraine [Viktor YANUKOVYCH]; SocialistParty of Ukraine or SPU [Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman]; United SocialDemocratic Party [Leonid KRAVCHUK]; Working Ukraine-Industrialistsand Entrepreneurs [Ihor SHAROV]; Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc [YuliyaTYMOSHENKO]note: and numerous smaller parties
United Arab Emiratesnone
United KingdomConservative and Unionist Party [Michael HOWARD];Democratic Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Rev. Ian PAISLEY];Labor Party [Anthony (Tony) BLAIR]; Liberal Democrats [CharlesKENNEDY]; Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Ieuan Wyn Jones]; ScottishNational Party or SNP [John SWINNEY]; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland)[Gerry ADAMS]; Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (NorthernIreland) [Mark DURKAN]; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland)[David TRIMBLE]
United StatesDemocratic Party [Terence McAULIFFE]; Green Party[leader NA]; Libertarian Party [Steve DASBACH]; Republican Party[Governor Marc RACICOT]
UruguayColorado Party [Jorge BATLLE Ibanez]; National Party orBlanco [Luis Alberto LACALLE Herrera]; New Sector/Space Coalition orNuevo Espacio [Rafael MICHELINI]; Progressive Encounter/Broad FrontCoalition or Encuentro Progresista/Frente Amplio [Tabare VAZQUEZ]
UzbekistanAdolat (Justice) Social Democratic Party [AnwarJURABAYEV, first secretary]; Democratic National Rebirth Party(Milly Tiklanish) or MTP [Aziz KAYUMOV, chairman]; People'sDemocratic Party or NDP (formerly Communist Party) [AbdulkhafizJALALOV, first secretary]; Self-Sacrificers Party or FidokorlarNational Democratic Party [Ahtam TURSUNOV, first secretary]; note -Fatherland Progress Party merged with Self-Sacrificers Party
VanuatuJon Frum Movement [Song KEASPAI]; Melanesian ProgressiveParty or MPP [Barak SOPE]; National United Party or NUP [Dinh VanTHAN]; Union of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR]; VanuaakuParty (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI]; Vanuatu RepublicanParty or VRP [Maxime Carlot KORMAN]
VenezuelaDemocratic Action or AD [Claudio FERMIN]; Fifth RepublicMovement or MVR [Garcia PONCE]; Homeland for All or PPT [JoseALBORNIZ]; Justice First [Julio BORGES]; Movement Toward Socialismor MAS [Hector MUJICA]; National Convergence or Convergencia [JuanJose CALDERA]; Radical Cause or La Causa R [Antonio HERRERA]; SocialChristian Party or COPEI [Oswaldo ALVAREZ Paz]; Venezuela Project orPV [Henrique SALAS Romer]
Vietnamonly party - Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV [Nong DucMANH, general secretary]
Virgin IslandsDemocratic Party [Arturo WATLINGTON]; IndependentCitizens' Movement or ICM [Usie RICHARDS]; Republican Party [GarySPRAUVE]
Wallis and FutunaLua Kae Tahi (Giscardians) [leader NA]; Mouvementdes Radicaux de Gauche or MRG [leader NA]; Rally for the Republic orRPR [Clovis LOGOLOGOFOLAU]; Taumu'a Lelei [Soane Muni UHILA]; UnionPopulaire Locale or UPL [Falakiko GATA]; Union Pour la DemocratieFrancaise or UDF [leader NA]
Yementhere are over 12 political parties active in Yemen, some ofthe more prominent are: General People's Congress or GPC [PresidentAli Abdallah SALIH]; Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah [ShaykhAbdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR]; National Arab Socialist Baath Party[Dr. Qassim SALAAM]; Nasserite Unionist Party [Abdel Malikal-MAKHLAFI]; Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Ali Salih MUQBIL]note: President SALIH's General People's Congress or GPC won alandslide victory in the April 1997 legislative election and nolonger governs in coalition with Shaykh Abdallah bin Husaynal-AHMAR's Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah - the two parties hadbeen in coalition since the end of the civil war in 1994; the YSP, aloyal opposition party, boycotted the April 1997 legislativeelection, but announced that it would participate in Yemen's firstlocal elections, held in February 2001; these local elections aim todecentralize political power and are a key element of thegovernment's political reform program
ZambiaAgenda for Zambia or AZ [Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA]; Forumfor Democracy and Development or FDD [Christon TEMBO]; HeritageParty or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF[Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD[Levy MWANAWASA, acting president]; National Leadership forDevelopment or NLD [Yobert SHAMAPANDE]; National Party or NP [Dr.Sam CHIPUNGU]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; ZambianRepublican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA]; Social Democratic Party orSDP [Gwendoline KONIE]; United National Independence Party or UNIP[Francis NKHOMA, president]; United Party for National Developmentor UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]
ZimbabweMovement for Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI];National Alliance for Good Governance or NAGG [Shakespeare MAYA];United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; Zimbabwe African NationalUnion-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe AfricanNational Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE];Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Agrippa MADLELA]
This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003
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@2119 Population
Afghanistan28,717,213 (July 2003 est.)
Albania3,582,205 (July 2003 est.)
Algeria32,818,500 (July 2003 est.)
American Samoa70,260 (July 2003 est.)
Andorra69,150 (July 2003 est.)
Angola10,766,471 (July 2003 est.)
Anguilla12,738 (July 2003 est.)
Antarcticano indigenous inhabitants, but there are seasonallystaffed research stationsnote: approximately 27 nations, all signatory to the AntarcticTreaty, send personnel to perform seasonal (summer) and year-roundresearch on the continent and in its surrounding oceans; thepopulation of persons doing and supporting science on the continentand its nearby islands south of 60 degrees south latitude (theregion covered by the Antarctic Treaty) varies from approximately4,000 in summer to 1,000 in winter; in addition, approximately 1,000personnel including ship's crew and scientists doing onboardresearch are present in the waters of the treaty region; summer(January) population - 3,687 total; Argentina 302, Australia 201,Belgium 13, Brazil 80, Bulgaria 16, Chile 352, China 70, Finland 11,France 100, Germany 51, India 60, Italy 106, Japan 136, South Korea14, Netherlands 10, NZ 60, Norway 40, Peru 28, Poland 70, Russia254, South Africa 80, Spain 43, Sweden 20, UK 192, US 1,378(1998-99); winter (July) population - 964 total; Argentina 165,Australia 75, Brazil 12, Chile 129, China 33, France 33, Germany 9,India 25, Japan 40, South Korea 14, NZ 10, Poland 20, Russia 102,South Africa 10, UK 39, US 248 (1998-99); year-round stations - 42total; Argentina 6, Australia 4, Brazil 1, Chile 4, China 2, Finland1, France 1, Germany 1, India 1, Italy 1, Japan 1, South Korea 1, NZ1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Russia 6, South Africa 1, Spain 1, Ukraine 1,UK 2, US 3, Uruguay 1 (1998-99); summer-only stations - 32 total;Argentina 3, Australia 4, Bulgaria 1, Chile 7, Germany 1, India 1,Japan 3, NZ 1, Peru 1, Russia 3, Sweden 2, UK 5 (1998-99); inaddition, during the austral summer some nations have numerousoccupied locations such as tent camps, summer-long temporaryfacilities, and mobile traverses in support of research (July 2003est.)
Antigua and Barbuda67,897 (July 2003 est.)
Argentina38,740,807 (July 2003 est.)
Armenia3,326,448note: Armenia's first census since independence was conducted inOctober 2001; official results are not expected until late 2003(July 2003 est.)
Aruba70,844 (July 2003 est.)
Ashmore and Cartier Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2003 est.)
Australia19,731,984 (July 2003 est.)
Austria8,188,207 (July 2003 est.)
Azerbaijan7,830,764 (July 2003 est.)
Bahamas, The297,477note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account theeffects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lowerlife expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lowerpopulation and growth rates, and changes in the distribution ofpopulation by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July2003 est.)
Bahrain667,238note: includes 235,108 non-nationals (July 2003 est.)
Baker Islanduninhabitednote: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air andnaval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military duringWorld War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is byspecial-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only andgenerally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery andremnants of structures from early settlement are located near themiddle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and WildlifeService (July 2003 est.)
Bangladesh138,448,210 (July 2003 est.)
Barbados277,264 (July 2003 est.)
Bassas da Indiauninhabited (July 2003 est.)
Belarus10,322,151 (July 2003 est.)
Belgium10,289,088 (July 2003 est.)
Belize266,440 (July 2003 est.)
Benin7,041,490note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account theeffects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lowerlife expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lowerpopulation and growth rates, and changes in the distribution ofpopulation by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July2003 est.)
Bermuda64,482 (July 2003 est.)
Bhutan 2,139,549 note: other estimates range as low as 810,000 (July 2003 est.)
Bolivia8,586,443 (July 2003 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina3,989,018 (July 2003 est.)
Botswana1,573,267note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account theeffects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lowerlife expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lowerpopulation and growth rates, and changes in the distribution ofpopulation by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July2003 est.)
Bouvet Islanduninhabited (July 2003 est.)
Brazil182,032,604note: Brazil took a count in August 2000, which reported apopulation of 169,799,170; that figure was about 3.3% lower thanprojections by the US Census Bureau, and is close to the impliedunderenumeration of 4.6% for the 1991 census; estimates for thiscountry explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortalitydue to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infantmortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, andchanges in the distribution of population by age and sex than wouldotherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)
British Indian Ocean Territoryno indigenous inhabitantsnote: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident inthe Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois,were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles in the 1960's and1970's, in November 2000 they were granted the right of return by aBritish High Court ruling, though no timetable has been set; in2001, there were approximately 1,500 UK and US military personneland 2,000 civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia(July 2003 est.)
British Virgin Islands21,730 (July 2003 est.)
Brunei358,098 (July 2003 est.)
Bulgaria7,537,929 (July 2003 est.)
Burkina Faso13,228,460note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account theeffects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lowerlife expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lowerpopulation and growth rates, and changes in the distribution ofpopulation by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July2003 est.)