Serbiaas the final status of the Serbian province of Kosovoapproaches resolution through the six-nation contact group, theseveral thousand peacekeepers from the UN Interim AdministrationMission in Kosovo (UNMIK) since 1999, continue to keep the peacebetween Kosovar Albanians overwhelmingly supporting Kosovoindependence and the Serb minority in Kosovo and Serbian officialsin Belgrade, who oppose independence for the province; ethnicAlbanians in Kosovo oppose demarcation of the boundary withMacedonia based on the 2000 Macedonia-Serbia and Montenegrodelimitation agreement; Serbia and Montenegro delimited about halfof the boundary with Bosnia and Herzegovina, but sections withSerbia along the Drina River remain in dispute
Seychellestogether with Mauritius, Seychelles claims the ChagosArchipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory)
Sierra Leonedomestic fighting among disparate rebel groups,warlords, and youth gangs in Cote d'Ivoire, Guinea, Liberia, andSierra Leone perpetuate insurgencies, street violence, looting, armstrafficking, ethnic conflicts, and refugees in border areas; UNMission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) has maintained over 4,000peacekeepers in Sierra Leone since 1999; Sierra Leone considersexcessive Guinea's definition of the flood plain limits to definethe left bank boundary of the Makona and Moa rivers and protestsGuinea's continued occupation of these lands, including the hamletof Yenga occupied since 1998
Singaporedisputes persist with Malaysia over deliveries of freshwater to Singapore, Singapore's extensive land reclamation works,bridge construction, maritime boundaries in the Johor and SingaporeStraits; in November 2007 the ICJ will hold public hearings as aconsequence of the Memorials and Countermemorials filed by theparties in 2003 and 2005 over sovereignty of Pedra BrancaIsland/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge; Indonesia andSingapore continue to work on finalization of their 1973 maritimeboundary agreement by defining unresolved areas north of Indonesia'sBatam Island ; piracy remains a problem in the Malacca Strait
Slovakiabilateral government, legal, technical and economic workinggroup negotiations continued in 2006 between Slovakia and Hungaryover Hungary's completion of its portion of the Gabcikovo-Nagymaroshydroelectric dam project along the Danube ; as a member state thatforms part of the EU's external border, Slovakia must implement thestrict Schengen border rules
Sloveniathe Croatia-Slovenia land and maritime boundary agreement,which would have ceded most of Piran Bay and maritime access toSlovenia and several villages to Croatia, remains unratified and indispute; Slovenia also protests Croatia's 2003 claim to an exclusiveeconomic zone in the Adriatic; as a member state that forms part ofthe EU's external border, Slovenia must implement the strictSchengen border rules to curb illegal migration and commerce throughsoutheastern Europe while encouraging close cross-border ties withCroatia
Solomon Islandssince 2003, Australian Defense Force leads theRegional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) tomaintain civil and political order and reinforce regional security
SomaliaEthiopian forces invade southern Somalia and rout Islamistcourts from Moghadishu in January 2007; "Somaliland" secessionistsprovide port facilities in Berbera to landlocked Ethiopia and haveestablished commercial ties with other regional states; "Puntland"and "Somaliland" "governments" seek international support in theirsecessionist aspirations and overlapping border claims; theundemarcated former British administrative line has little meaningas a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogadenand southern Somalia's Oromo region; Kenya works hard to prevent theclan and militia fighting in Somalia from spreading south across theborder, which has long been open to nomadic pastoralists
South AfricaSouth Africa has placed military along the border toapprehend the thousands of Zimbabweans fleeing economic dysfunctionand political persecution; as of January 2007, South Africa alsosupports large numbers of refugees and asylum seekers from theDemocratic Republic of the Congo (33,000), Somalia (20,000), Burundi(6,500) and other states in Africa (26,000); managed dispute withNamibia over the location of the boundary in the Orange River
South Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsArgentina, which claimsthe islands in its constitution and briefly occupied the islands byforce in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force
Southern OceanAntarctic Treaty defers claims (see Antarcticaentry), but Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and UKassert claims (some overlapping), including the continental shelf inthe Southern Ocean; several states have expressed an interest inextending those continental shelf claims under the United NationsConvention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to include undersearidges; the US and most other states do not recognize the land ormaritime claims of other states and have made no claims themselves(the US and Russia have reserved the right to do so); no formalclaims exist in the waters in the sector between 90 degrees west and150 degrees west
Spainin 2003, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly byreferendum to remain a British colony and against a "total sharedsovereignty" arrangement while demanding participation in talksbetween the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grantGibraltar greater autonomy; Morocco protests Spain's control overthe coastal enclaves of Ceuta, Melilla, and the islands of Penon deVelez de la Gomera, Penon de Alhucemas and Islas Chafarinas, andsurrounding waters; Morocco serves as the primary launching site ofillegal migration into Spain from North Africa; Portugal does notrecognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza basedon a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna andthe 1801 Treaty of Badajoz
Spratly Islandsall of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China,Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and thePhilippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zonethat encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but hasnot publicly claimed the reef; claimants in November 2002 signed the"Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea,"which has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "codeof conduct"; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China, thePhilippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marineseismic activities in the Spratly Islands
Sri Lankanone
Sudanthe effects of Sudan's almost constant ethnic and rebelmilitia fighting since the mid-twentieth century have penetrated allof the neighboring states; as of 2006, Chad, Ethiopia, Kenya,Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo andUganda provided shelter for over half a million Sudanese refugees,which includes 240,000 Darfur residents driven from their homes byJanjawid armed militia and the Sudanese military forces; Sudan, inturn, hosted 20,000 Chadians, 122,000 Eritreans, 14,810 Ethiopians,7,900 Ugandans and 5,000 Congolese as refugees; in February 2006,Sudan and DROC signed an agreement to repatriate 13,300 Sudanese and6,800 Congolese; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting Sudanese rebelgroups; efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopiaproceed slowly due to civil and ethnic fighting in eastern Sudan;the boundary that separates Kenya and Sudan's sovereignty is unclearin the "Ilemi Triangle," which Kenya has administered since colonialtimes; while Sudan claims to administer the Hala'ib Triangle northof the 1899 Treaty boundary along the 22nd Parallel, both stateswithdrew their military presence in the 1990s and Egypt has investedin and effectively administers the area; periodic violent skirmisheswith Sudanese residents over water and grazing rights persist amongrelated pastoral populations from the Central African Republic alongthe border
Surinamearea claimed by French Guiana between Riviere Litani andRiviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa); Suriname claims atriangle of land between the New and Kutari/Koetari rivers in ahistoric dispute over the headwaters of the Courantyne; Guyana seeksUnited Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) arbitrationto resolve the long-standing dispute with Suriname over the axis ofthe territorial sea boundary in potentially oil-rich waters
Svalbarddespite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute theirmaritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rightsbeyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Swazilandnone
Swedennone
Switzerlandnone
SyriaGolan Heights is Israeli-occupied with the almost 1,000-strongUN Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF) patrolling a buffer zonesince 1964; lacking a treaty or other documentation describing theboundary, portions of the Lebanon-Syria boundary are unclear withseveral sections in dispute; since 2000, Lebanon has claimed Shaba'afarms in the Golan Heights; 2004 Agreement and pending demarcationsettles border dispute with Jordan; approximately two million Iraqishave fled the conflict in Iraq, with the majority taking refuge inSyria and Jordan
Taiwaninvolved in complex dispute with China, Malaysia,Philippines, Vietnam, and possibly Brunei over the Spratly Islands;the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South ChinaSea" has eased tensions but falls short of a legally binding "codeof conduct" desired by several of the disputants; Paracel Islandsare occupied by China, but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam; in 2003,China and Taiwan became more vocal in rejecting both Japan's claimsto the uninhabited islands of the Senkaku-shoto (Diaoyu Tai) andJapan's unilaterally declared exclusive economic zone in the EastChina Sea where all parties engage in hydrocarbon prospecting
Tajikistanin 2006, China and Tajikistan pledged to commencedemarcation of the revised boundary agreed to in the delimitation of2002; talks continue with Uzbekistan to delimit border and removeminefields; disputes in Isfara Valley delay delimitation withKyrgyzstan
TanzaniaTanzania still hosts more than a half-million refugees,more than any other African country, mainly from Burundi and theDemocratic Republic of the Congo, despite the internationalcommunity's efforts at repatriation; disputes with Malawi over theboundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe Riverremain dormant
Thailandseparatist violence in Thailand's predominantly Muslimsouthern provinces prompt border closures and controls with Malaysiato stem terrorist activities; southeast Asian states have enhancedborder surveillance to check the spread of avian flu; talks continueon completion of demarcation with Laos but disputes remain overseveral islands in the Mekong River; despite continuing bordercommittee talks, Thailand must deal with Karen and other ethnicrebels, refugees, and illegal cross-border activities, and as of2006, 130,000 Karen, Hmong and other refugees and 15,000 asylumseekers from Burma; Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections ofhistoric boundary with missing boundary markers; Cambodia claimsThai encroachments into Cambodian territory and obstructing accessto Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in1962; Thailand is studying the feasibility of jointly constructingthe Hatgyi Dam on the Salween river near the border with Burma; in2004, international environmentalist pressure prompted China to haltconstruction of 13 dams on the Salween River which flows throughChina, Burma and Thailand
Togoin 2001 Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - jointcommission continues to resurvey the boundary; in 2006 14,000Togolese refugees remain in Benin and Ghana out of the 40,000 whofled there in 2005
TokelauTokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island (Olohega) inits 2006 draft constitution
Tonganone
Trinidad and TobagoIn April 2006, the Permanent Court ofArbitration issues a decision that delimits a maritime boundary withTrinidad and Tobago and compels Barbados to enter a fishingagreement that limits Barbadian fishermen's catches of flying fishin Trinidad and Tobago's exclusive economic zone; in 2005, Barbadosand Trinidad and Tobago agreed to compulsory internationalarbitration under UNCLOS challenging whether the northern limit ofTrinidad and Tobago's and Venezuela's maritime boundary extends intoBarbadian waters; Guyana has also expressed its intention to includeitself in the arbitration as the Trinidad and Tobago-Venezuelamaritime boundary may extend into its waters as well
Tromelin Islandclaimed by Mauritius
Tunisianone
Turkeycomplex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greecein the Aegean Sea; status of north Cyprus question remains; Syriaand Iraq protest Turkish hydrological projects to control upperEuphrates waters; Turkey has expressed concern over the status ofKurds in Iraq; border with Armenia remains closed overNagorno-Karabakh
Turkmenistancotton monoculture in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistancreates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Darya river states; fielddemarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstan commenced in 2005 butCaspian seabed delimitation remains stalled with Azerbaijan, Iranand Kazakhstan due to Turkmenistan's indecision over how to allocatethe sea's waters and seabed
Turks and Caicos Islands have received Haitians fleeing economic and civil disorder
Tuvalunone
UgandaUganda is subject to armed fighting among hostile ethnicgroups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and various government forcesthat extend across its borders; Uganda hosts 209,860 Sudanese,27,560 Congolese, and 19,710 Rwandan refugees, while Ugandanrefugees as well as members of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) seekshelter in southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo'sGaramba National Park; LRA forces have also attacked Kenyan villagesacross the border
Ukraine1997 boundary delimitation treaty with Belarus remainsun-ratified due to unresolved financial claims, stalling demarcationand reducing border security; delimitation of land boundary withRussia is complete with preparations for demarcation underway; thedispute over the boundary between Russia and Ukraine through theKerch Strait and Sea of Azov remains unresolved despite a December2003 framework agreement and ongoing expert-level discussions;Moldova and Ukraine operate joint customs posts to monitor transitof people and commodities through Moldova's break-away TransnistriaRegion, which remains under OSCE supervision; the ICJ gave Ukraineuntil December 2006 to reply and Romania until June 2007 to rejoinin their dispute submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administeredZmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary;Romania opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation canal from theDanube border through Ukraine to the Black Sea
United Arab Emiratesboundary agreement was signed and ratified withOman in 2003 for entire border, including Oman's Musandam Peninsulaand Al Madhah enclaves, but contents of the agreement and detailedmaps showing the alignment have not been published; Iran and UAEdispute Tunb Islands and Abu Musa Island, which Iran occupies
United Kingdomin 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly byreferendum to reject any "shared sovereignty" arrangement betweenthe UK and Spain; the Government of Gibraltar insists on equalparticipation in talks between the two countries; Spain disapprovesof UK plans to grant Gibraltar greater autonomy; Mauritius andSeychelles claim the Chagos Archipelago (British Indian OceanTerritory), and its former inhabitants since their eviction in 1965;most Chagossians reside in Mauritius, and in 2001 were granted UKcitizenship, where some have since resettled; in May 2006, the HighCourt of London reversed the UK Government's 2004 orders of councilthat banned habitation on the islands; UK rejects sovereignty talksrequested by Argentina, which still claims the Falkland Islands(Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands;territorial claim in Antarctica (British Antarctic Territory)overlaps Argentine claim and partially overlaps Chilean claim;Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the FaroeIslands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm
United Statesthe U.S. has intensified domestic security measuresand is collaborating closely with its neighbors, Canada and Mexico,to monitor and control legal and illegal personnel, transport, andcommodities across the international borders; abundant rainfall inrecent years along much of the Mexico-US border region hasameliorated periodically strained water-sharing arrangements; 1990Maritime Boundary Agreement in the Bering Sea still awaits RussianDuma ratification; managed maritime boundary disputes with Canada atDixon Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and around thedisputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock; The Bahamas and US havenot been able to agree on a maritime boundary; US Naval Base atGuantanamo Bay is leased from Cuba and only mutual agreement or USabandonment of the area can terminate the lease; Haiti claimsUS-administered Navassa Island; US has made no territorial claim inAntarctica (but has reserved the right to do so) and does notrecognize the claims of any other states; Marshall Islands claimsWake Island; Tokelau included American Samoa's Swains Island amongthe islands listed in its 2006 draft constitution
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refugesnone
Uruguayin Jan 2007, ICJ provisionally ruled Uruguay may beginconstruction of two paper mills on the Uruguay River, which formsthe border with Argentina, while the court examines further whetherArgentina has the legal right to stop such construction withpotential environmental implications to both countries; uncontesteddispute with Brazil over certain islands in the Quarai/Cuareim andInvernada streams and the resulting tripoint with Argentina
Uzbekistanprolonged drought and cotton monoculture in Uzbekistanand Turkmenistan creates water-sharing difficulties for Amu Daryariver states; field demarcation of the boundaries with Kazakhstancommenced in 2004; border delimitation of 130 km of border withKyrgyzstan is hampered by serious disputes around enclaves and otherareas
VanuatuMatthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed byVanuatu and France
Venezuelaclaims all of the area west of the Essequibo River inGuyana, preventing any discussion of a maritime boundary; Guyana hasexpressed its intention to join Barbados in asserting claims beforethe United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) thatTrinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends intotheir waters; dispute with Colombia over maritime boundary andVenezuelan-administered Los Monjes islands near the Gulf ofVenezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics and paramilitaryactivities penetrate Venezuela's shared border region; in 2006, anestimated 139,000 Colombians seek protection in 150 communitiesalong the border in Venezuela; US, France, and the Netherlandsrecognize Venezuela's granting full effect to Aves Island, therebyclaiming a Venezuelan EEZ/continental shelf extending over a largeportion of the eastern Caribbean Sea; Dominica, Saint Kitts andNevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines protestVenezuela's full effect claim
Vietnamsoutheast Asian states have enhanced border surveillance tocheck the spread of avian flu; Cambodia and Laos protest Vietnamesesquatters and armed encroachments along border; after years ofCambodia claiming Vietnam had moved or destroyed boundary markers,in 2005, after much domestic debate, Cambodia ratified an agreementwith Vietnam that settled all but a small portion of the landboundary; establishment of a maritime boundary with Cambodia ishampered by unresolved dispute over offshore islands; in 2004,Laotian-Vietnamese boundary commission agrees to erect missingmarkers in two adjoining provinces; demarcation of the China-Vietnamboundary proceeds slowly and although the maritime boundarydelimitation and fisheries agreements were ratified in June 2004,implementation has been delayed; China occupies Paracel Islands alsoclaimed by Vietnam and Taiwan; involved in complex dispute withChina, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and possibly Brunei over theSpratly Islands; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties inthe South China Sea" has eased tensions but falls short of a legallybinding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants;Vietnam continues to expand construction of facilities in theSpratly Islands; in March 2005, the national oil companies of China,the Philippines, and Vietnam signed a joint accord to conduct marineseismic activities in the Spratly Islands
Virgin Islandsnone
Wake Islandclaimed by Marshall Islands
Wallis and Futunanone
West BankWest Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with currentstatus subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement -permanent status to be determined through further negotiation;Israel continues construction of a "seam line" separation barrieralong parts of the Green Line and within the West Bank; Israelwithdrew from four settlements in the northern West Bank in August2005; since 1948, about 350 peacekeepers from the UN TruceSupervision Organization (UNTSO), headquartered in Jerusalem,monitor ceasefires, supervise armistice agreements, prevent isolatedincidents from escalating, and assist other UN personnel in theregion
Western SaharaMorocco claims and administers Western Sahara, whosesovereignty remains unresolved; UN-administered cease-fire hasremained in effect since September 1991, administered by the UNMission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), but attemptsto hold a referendum have failed and parties thus far have rejectedall brokered proposals
Worldstretching over 250,000 km, the world's 329 international landboundaries separate the 193 independent states and 73 dependencies,areas of special sovereignty, and other miscellaneous entities;ethnicity, culture, race, religion, and language have divided statesinto separate political entities as much as history, physicalterrain, political fiat, or conquest, resulting in sometimesarbitrary and imposed boundaries; maritime states have claimedlimits and have so far established over 130 maritime boundaries andjoint development zones to allocate ocean resources and to providefor national security at sea; boundary, borderland/resource, andterritorial disputes vary in intensity from managed or dormant toviolent or militarized; most disputes over the alignment ofpolitical boundaries are confined to short segments and are todayless common and less hostile than borderland, resource, andterritorial disputes; undemarcated, indefinite, porous, andunmanaged boundaries, however, encourage illegal cross-borderactivities, uncontrolled migration, and confrontation; territorialdisputes may evolve from historical and/or cultural claims, or theymay be brought on by resource competition; ethnic and culturalclashes continue to be responsible for much of the territorialfragmentation around the world; disputes over islands at sea or inrivers frequently form the source of territorial and boundaryconflict; other sources of contention include access to water andmineral (especially petroleum) resources, fisheries, and arableland; nonetheless, most nations cooperate to clarify theirinternational boundaries and to resolve territorial and resourcedisputes peacefully; regional discord today prevails not so muchbetween the armed forces of independent states as between statelessarmed entities that detract from the sustenance and welfare of localpopulations, leaving the community of nations to cope with resultantrefugees, hunger, disease, impoverishment, and environmentaldegradation
YemenYemen protests Eritrea fishing around the Hanish Islandsawarded to Yemen by the ICJ in 1999; Saudi Arabia still maintainsthe concrete-filled pipe as a security barrier along sections of theborder with Yemen in 2004 to stem illegal cross-border activities;Yemen protests Saudi erection of a concrete-filled pipe as asecurity barrier in 2004 to stem illegal cross-border activities insections of the boundary
Zambiain 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswanaand Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby defacto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited,Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river
ZimbabweBotswana has built electric fences and South Africa hasplaced military along the border to stem the flow of thousands ofZimbabweans fleeing to find work and escape political persecution;Namibia has supported and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections toplans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the ZambeziRiver, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearlydelimited Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river
This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007
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@2075 Ethnic groups (%)
AfghanistanPashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%,Turkmen 3%, Baloch 2%, other 4%
AlbaniaAlbanian 95%, Greek 3%, other 2% (Vlach, Roma (Gypsy), Serb,Macedonian, Bulgarian) (1989 est.)note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization)
AlgeriaArab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%note: almost all Algerians are Berber in origin, not Arab; theminority who identify themselves as Berber live mostly in themountainous region of Kabylie east of Algiers; the Berbers are alsoMuslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab culturalheritage; Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, forautonomy; the government is unlikely to grant autonomy but hasoffered to begin sponsoring teaching Berber language in schools
American Samoanative Pacific islander 92.9%, Asian 2.9%, white1.2%, mixed 2.8%, other 0.2% (2000 census)
AndorraSpanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other6% (1998)
AngolaOvimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixedEuropean and native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22%
Anguillablack (predominant) 90.1%, mixed, mulatto 4.6%, white 3.7%,other 1.5% (2001 Census)
Antigua and Barbudablack, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian
Argentinawhite (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo (mixedwhite and Amerindian ancestry), Amerindian, or other non-whitegroups 3%
ArmeniaArmenian 97.9%, Yezidi (Kurd) 1.3%, Russian 0.5%, other 0.3%(2001 census)
Arubamixed white/Caribbean Amerindian 80%
AustraliaCaucasian 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal and other 1%
AustriaAustrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians,Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, German 0.9%, other orunspecified 2.4% (2001 census)
AzerbaijanAzeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%,other 3.9% (1999 census)note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakhregion
Bahamas, Theblack 85%, white 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3%
BahrainBahraini 62.4%, non-Bahraini 37.6% (2001 census)
BangladeshBengali 98%, tribal groups, non-Bengali Muslims (1998)
Barbadosblack 90%, white 4%, Asian and mixed 6%
BelarusBelarusian 81.2%, Russian 11.4%, Polish 3.9%, Ukrainian2.4%, other 1.1% (1999 census)
BelgiumFleming 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%
Belizemestizo 48.7%, Creole 24.9%, Maya 10.6%, Garifuna 6.1%, other9.7%
BeninAfrican 99% (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja,Yoruba, Bariba), Europeans 5,500
Bermudablack 54.8%, white 34.1%, mixed 6.4%, other races 4.3%,unspecified 0.4% (2000 census)
BhutanBhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one ofseveral Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15%
BoliviaQuechua 30%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry)30%, Aymara 25%, white 15%
Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosniak 48%, Serb 37.1%, Croat 14.3%, other0.6% (2000)note: Bosniak has replaced Muslim as an ethnic term in part to avoidconfusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam
BotswanaTswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other,including Kgalagadi and white 7%
Brazilwhite 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified0.7% (2000 census)
British Virgin Islandsblack 83%, white, Indian, Asian and mixed
BruneiMalay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
BulgariaBulgarian 83.9%, Turk 9.4%, Roma 4.7%, other 2% (includingMacedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian) (2001 census)
Burkina FasoMossi over 40%, Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande,Fulani
BurmaBurman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Indian2%, Mon 2%, other 5%
BurundiHutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%,Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
CambodiaKhmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
CameroonCameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%,Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, otherAfrican 13%, non-African less than 1%
CanadaBritish Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixedbackground 26%
Cape VerdeCreole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Cayman Islandsmixed 40%, white 20%, black 20%, expatriates ofvarious ethnic groups 20%
Central African RepublicBaya 33%, Banda 27%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10%,Mboum 7%, M'Baka 4%, Yakoma 4%, other 2%
Chad200 distinct groups; in the north and center: Arabs, Gorane(Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi,Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba, most of whom areMuslim; in the south: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moundang,Moussei, Massa, most of whom are Christian or animist; about 1,000French citizens live in Chad
Chilewhite and white-Amerindian 95%, Amerindian 3%, other 2%
ChinaHan Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao,Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%
Christmas IslandChinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%note: no indigenous population (2001)
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsEuropeans, Cocos Malays
Colombiamestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixedblack-Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1%
ComorosAntalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava
Congo, Democratic Republic of theover 200 African ethnic groups ofwhich the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba,Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about45% of the population
Congo, Republic of theKongo 48%, Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%, Teke 17%,Europeans and other 3%
Cook IslandsCook Island Maori (Polynesian) 87.7%, part Cook IslandMaori 5.8%, other 6.5% (2001 census)
Costa Ricawhite (including mestizo) 94%, black 3%, Amerindian 1%,Chinese 1%, other 1%
Cote d'IvoireAkan 42.1%, Voltaiques or Gur 17.6%, Northern Mandes16.5%, Krous 11%, Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (includes 130,000Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)
CroatiaCroat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak,Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma) (2001 census)
Cubamulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%
CyprusGreek 77%, Turkish 18%, other 5% (2001)
Czech RepublicCzech 90.4%, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%, other 4%(2001 census)
DenmarkScandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian,Somali
DjiboutiSomali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian5%
Dominicablack, mixed black and European, European, Syrian, CaribAmerindian
Dominican Republicmixed 73%, white 16%, black 11%
East TimorAustronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chineseminority
Ecuadormestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%,Spanish and others 7%, black 3%
EgyptEgyptian 98%, Berber, Nubian, Bedouin, and Beja 1%, Greek,Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) 1%
El Salvadormestizo 90%, white 9%, Amerindian 1%
Equatorial GuineaBioko (primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos), Rio Muni(primarily Fang), Europeans less than 1,000, mostly Spanish
EritreaTigrinya 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar 4%, Saho (Red Seacoast dwellers) 3%, other 3%
EstoniaEstonian 67.9%, Russian 25.6%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belarusian1.3%, Finn 0.9%, other 2.2% (2000 census)
EthiopiaOromo 40%, Amhara and Tigre 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%,Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1%
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)British
Faroe IslandsScandinavian
FijiFijian 51% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesianadmixture), Indian 44%, European, other Pacific Islanders, overseasChinese, and other 5% (1998 est.)
FinlandFinn 93.4%, Swede 5.7%, Russian 0.4%, Estonian 0.2%, Roma0.2%, Sami 0.1%
FranceCeltic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African,Indochinese, Basque minoritiesoverseas departments: black, white, mulatto, East Indian, Chinese,Amerindian
French PolynesiaPolynesian 78%, Chinese 12%, local French 6%,metropolitan French 4%
GabonBantu tribes, including four major tribal groupings (Fang,Bapounou, Nzebi, Obamba); other Africans and Europeans, 154,000,including 10,700 French and 11,000 persons of dual nationality
Gambia, TheAfrican 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1%
Gaza StripPalestinian Arab and other 99.4%, Jewish 0.6%
GeorgiaGeorgian 83.8%, Azeri 6.5%, Armenian 5.7%, Russian 1.5%,other 2.5% (2002 census)
GermanyGerman 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other 6.1% (made up largely ofGreek, Italian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish)
GhanaAfrican 98.5% (includes Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%,Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998)
GibraltarSpanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, German,North Africans
GreeceGreek 98%, Turkish and other 2%note: the Greek Government states there are no ethnic divisions inGreece
GreenlandGreenlander 88% (Inuit and Greenland-born whites), Danishand others 12% (2000)
Grenadablack 82%, mixed black and European 13%, European and EastIndian 5%, and trace of Arawak/Carib Amerindian
GuamChamorro 37.1%, Filipino 26.3%, other Pacific islander 11.3%,white 6.9%, other Asian 6.3%, other ethnic origin or race 2.3%,mixed 9.8% (2000 census)
GuatemalaMestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish - in local Spanishcalled Ladino) and European 59.4%, K'iche 9.1%, Kaqchikel 8.4%, Mam7.9%, Q'eqchi 6.3%, other Mayan 8.6%, indigenous non-Mayan 0.2%,other 0.1% (2001 census)
GuernseyUK and Norman-French descent with small percentages fromother European countries
GuineaPeuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller ethnic groups 10%
Guinea-BissauAfrican 99% (includes Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%
GuyanaEast Indian 50%, black 36%, Amerindian 7%, white, Chinese,and mixed 7%
Haitiblack 95%, mulatto and white 5%
Holy See (Vatican City)Italians, Swiss, other
Hondurasmestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%,black 2%, white 1%
Hong KongChinese 95%, other 5%
HungaryHungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001census)
Icelandhomogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%,population of foreign origin 6%
IndiaIndo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)
IndonesiaJavanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays7.5%, other 26%
IranPersian 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%,Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%
IraqArab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5%
IrelandCeltic, English
Isle of ManManx (Norse-Celtic descent), Briton
IsraelJewish 76.4% (of which Israel-born 67.1%, Europe/America-born22.6%, Africa-born 5.9%, Asia-born 4.2%), non-Jewish 23.6% (mostlyArab) (2004)
ItalyItalian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, andSlovene-Italians in the north and Albanian-Italians andGreek-Italians in the south)
Jamaicablack 90.9%, East Indian 1.3%, white 0.2%, Chinese 0.2%,mixed 7.3%, other 0.1%
JapanJapanese 99%, others 1% (Korean 511,262, Chinese 244,241,Brazilian 182,232, Filipino 89,851, other 237,914)note: up to 230,000 Brazilians of Japanese origin migrated to Japanin the 1990s to work in industries; some have returned to Brazil(2004)
JerseyJersey 51.1%, British 34.8%, Irish, French, and other white6.6%, Portuguese/Madeiran 6.4%, other 1.1% (2001 census)
JordanArab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%
KazakhstanKazakh (Qazaq) 53.4%, Russian 30%, Ukrainian 3.7%, Uzbek2.5%, German 2.4%, Tatar 1.7%, Uygur 1.4%, other 4.9% (1999 census)
KenyaKikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, andArab) 1%
KiribatiMicronesian 98.8%, other 1.2% (2000 census)
Korea, Northracially homogeneous; there is a small Chinesecommunity and a few ethnic Japanese
Korea, Southhomogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)
KuwaitKuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%,other 7%
KyrgyzstanKyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%,Ukrainian 1%, Uygur 1%, other 5.7% (1999 census)
LaosLao Loum (lowland) 68%, Lao Theung (upland) 22%, Lao Soung(highland) including the Hmong and the Yao 9%, ethnicVietnamese/Chinese 1%
LatviaLatvian 57.7%, Russian 29.6%, Belarusian 4.1%, Ukrainian2.7%, Polish 2.5%, Lithuanian 1.4%, other 2% (2002)
LebanonArab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1%note: many Christian Lebanese do not identify themselves as Arab butrather as descendents of the ancient Canaanites and prefer to becalled Phoenicians
LesothoSotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%,
Liberiaindigenous African 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru,Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, Dei, Bella,Mandingo, and Mende), Americo-Liberians 2.5% (descendants ofimmigrants from the US who had been slaves), Congo People 2.5%(descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean who had been slaves)
LibyaBerber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians,Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
LiechtensteinAlemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14%
LithuaniaLithuanian 83.4%, Polish 6.7%, Russian 6.3%, other orunspecified 3.6% (2001 census)
LuxembourgCeltic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese,Italian, Slavs (from Montenegro, Albania, and Kosovo) and European(guest and resident workers)
MacauChinese 95.7%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry)1%, other 3.3% (2001 census)
MacedoniaMacedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Roma 2.7%,Serb 1.8%, other 2.2% (2002 census)
MadagascarMalayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers(mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry -Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian,Creole, Comoran
MalawiChewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni,Ngonde, Asian, European
MalaysiaMalay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, Indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%,others 7.8% (2004 est.)
MaldivesSouth Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs
MaliMande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%,Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
MaltaMaltese (descendants of ancient Carthaginians and Phoenicians,with strong elements of Italian and other Mediterranean stock)
Marshall IslandsMicronesian
Mauritaniamixed Maur/black 40%, Moor 30%, black 30%
MauritiusIndo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%,Franco-Mauritian 2%
MayotteNA
Mexicomestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantlyAmerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%
Micronesia, Federated States ofnine ethnic Micronesian andPolynesian groups
MoldovaMoldovan/Romanian 78.2%, Ukrainian 8.4%, Russian 5.8%,Gagauz 4.4%, Bulgarian 1.9%, other 1.3% (2004 census)note: internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrian region
MonacoFrench 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
MongoliaMongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%,other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000)
MontenegroMontenegrin 43%, Serbian 32%, Bosniak 8%, Albanian 5%,other (Muslims, Croats, Roma) 12%
Montserratblack, white
MoroccoArab-Berber 99.1%, other 0.7%, Jewish 0.2%
MozambiqueAfrican 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, andothers), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%
Namibiablack 87.5%, white 6%, mixed 6.5%note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9%to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups includes Herero 7%,Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%
NauruNauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European8%
NepalChhettri 15.5%, Brahman-Hill 12.5%, Magar 7%, Tharu 6.6%,Tamang 5.5%, Newar 5.4%, Muslim 4.2%, Kami 3.9%, Yadav 3.9%, other32.7%, unspecified 2.8% (2001 census)
NetherlandsDutch 83%, other 17% (of which 9% are non-Western originmainly Turks, Moroccans, Antilleans, Surinamese, and Indonesians)(1999 est.)
Netherlands Antillesmixed black 85%, Carib Amerindian, white, EastAsian
New CaledoniaMelanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%,Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%
New ZealandEuropean 69.8%, Maori 7.9%, Asian 5.7%, Pacific islander4.4%, other 0.5%, mixed 7.8%, unspecified 3.8% (2001 census)
Nicaraguamestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 69%, white 17%, black9%, Amerindian 5%
NigerHausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri(Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200French expatriates
NigeriaNigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of morethan 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous andpolitically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo(Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
NiueNiuen 78.2%, Pacific islander 10.2%, European 4.5%, mixed 3.9%,Asian 0.2%, unspecified 3% (2001 census)
Norfolk Islanddescendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, NewZealander, Polynesian
Northern Mariana IslandsAsian 56.3%, Pacific islander 36.3%,Caucasian 1.8%, other 0.8%, mixed 4.8% (2000 census)
NorwayNorwegian, Sami 20,000
OmanArab, Baluchi, South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan,Bangladeshi), African
PakistanPunjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir(immigrants from India at the time of partition and theirdescendants)
PalauPalauan (Micronesian with Malayan and Melanesian admixtures)69.9%, Filipino 15.3%, Chinese 4.9%, other Asian 2.4%, white 1.9%,Carolinian 1.4%, other Micronesian 1.1%, other or unspecified 3.2%(2000 census)
Panamamestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 70%, Amerindian andmixed (West Indian) 14%, white 10%, Amerindian 6%
Papua New GuineaMelanesian, Papuan, Negrito, Micronesian, Polynesian
Paraguaymestizo (mixed Spanish and Amerindian) 95%, other 5%
PeruAmerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
PhilippinesTagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%,Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%,other 25.3% (2000 census)
Pitcairn Islandsdescendants of the Bounty mutineers and theirTahitian wives
PolandPolish 96.7%, German 0.4%, Belarusian 0.1%, Ukrainian 0.1%,other and unspecified 2.7% (2002 census)
Portugalhomogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black Africandescent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number lessthan 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal
Puerto Ricowhite (mostly Spanish origin) 80.5%, black 8%,Amerindian 0.4%, Asian 0.2%, mixed and other 10.9%
QatarArab 40%, Indian 18%, Pakistani 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
RomaniaRomanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%,German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002 census)
RussiaRussian 79.8%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1.2%,Chuvash 1.1%, other or unspecified 12.1% (2002 census)
RwandaHutu 84%, Tutsi 15%, Twa (Pygmoid) 1%
Saint HelenaAfrican descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Saint Kitts and Nevis predominantly black; some British, Portuguese, and Lebanese
Saint Luciablack 90%, mixed 6%, East Indian 3%, white 1%
Saint Pierre and MiquelonBasques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadinesblack 66%, mixed 19%, East Indian6%, Carib Amerindian 2%, other 7%
SamoaSamoan 92.6%, Euronesians 7% (persons of European andPolynesian blood), Europeans 0.4%
San MarinoSammarinese, Italian
Sao Tome and Principemestico, angolares (descendants of Angolanslaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contractlaborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (childrenof servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)
Saudi ArabiaArab 90%, Afro-Asian 10%
SenegalWolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
SerbiaSerb 66%, Albanian 17%, Hungarian 3.5%, other 13.5% (1991)
Seychellesmixed French, African, Indian, Chinese, and Arab
Sierra Leone20 African ethnic groups 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%,other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaveswho were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century),refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers ofEuropeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians
SingaporeChinese 76.8%, Malay 13.9%, Indian 7.9%, other 1.4% (2000census)
SlovakiaSlovak 85.8%, Hungarian 9.7%, Roma 1.7%,Ruthenian/Ukrainian 1%, other and unspecified 1.8% (2001 census)
SloveniaSlovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other orunspecified 12% (2002 census)
Solomon IslandsMelanesian 94.5%, Polynesian 3%, Micronesian 1.2%,other 1.1%, unspecified 0.2% (1999 census)
SomaliaSomali 85%, Bantu and other non-Somali 15% (including Arabs30,000)
South Africablack African 79%, white 9.6%, colored 8.9%,Indian/Asian 2.5% (2001 census)
Spaincomposite of Mediterranean and Nordic types
Sri LankaSinhalese 73.8%, Sri Lankan Moors 7.2%, Indian Tamil 4.6%,Sri Lankan Tamil 3.9%, other 0.5%, unspecified 10% (2001 censusprovisional data)
Sudanblack 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%
SurinameHindustani (also known locally as "East Indians"; theirancestors emigrated from northern India in the latter part of the19th century) 37%, Creole (mixed white and black) 31%, Javanese 15%,"Maroons" (their African ancestors were brought to the country inthe 17th and 18th centuries as slaves and escaped to the interior)10%, Amerindian 2%, Chinese 2%, white 1%, other 2%
SvalbardNorwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3%(1998)
SwazilandAfrican 97%, European 3%
Swedenindigenous population: Swedes with Finnish and Samiminorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns,Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks
SwitzerlandGerman 65%, French 18%, Italian 10%, Romansch 1%, other6%
SyriaArab 90.3%, Kurds, Armenians, and other 9.7%
TaiwanTaiwanese (including Hakka) 84%, mainland Chinese 14%,aborigine 2%
TajikistanTajik 79.9%, Uzbek 15.3%, Russian 1.1%, Kyrgyz 1.1%,other 2.6% (2000 census)
Tanzaniamainland - African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consistingof more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European,and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, African, mixed Arab and African
ThailandThai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%
TogoAfrican (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina,and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
TokelauPolynesian
TongaPolynesian, Europeans
Trinidad and TobagoIndian (South Asian) 40%, African 37.5%, mixed20.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.8% (2000 census)
TunisiaArab 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1%
TurkeyTurkish 80%, Kurdish 20% (estimated)
TurkmenistanTurkmen 85%, Uzbek 5%, Russian 4%, other 6% (2003)
Turks and Caicos Islandsblack 90%, mixed, European, or NorthAmerican 10%
TuvaluPolynesian 96%, Micronesian 4%
UgandaBaganda 17%, Ankole 8%, Basoga 8%, Iteso 8%, Bakiga 7%, Langi6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Batoro 3%, Bunyoro3%, Alur 2%, Bagwere 2%, Bakonjo 2%, Jopodhola 2%, Karamojong 2%,Rundi 2%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 8%
UkraineUkrainian 77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan0.5%, Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%, Romanian0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8% (2001 census)
United Arab EmiratesEmirati 19%, other Arab and Iranian 23%, SouthAsian 50%, other expatriates (includes Westerners and East Asians)8% (1982)note: less than 20% are UAE citizens (1982)
United Kingdomwhite (of which English 83.6%, Scottish 8.6%, Welsh4.9%, Northern Irish 2.9%) 92.1%, black 2%, Indian 1.8%, Pakistani1.3%, mixed 1.2%, other 1.6% (2001 census)
United Stateswhite 81.7%, black 12.9%, Asian 4.2%, Amerindian andAlaska native 1%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander 0.2%(2003 est.)note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not included because the USCensus Bureau considers Hispanic to mean a person of Latin Americandescent (including persons of Cuban, Mexican, or Puerto Ricanorigin) living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group(white, black, Asian, etc.)
Uruguaywhite 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%, Amerindian (practicallynonexistent)
UzbekistanUzbek 80%, Russian 5.5%, Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%, Karakalpak2.5%, Tatar 1.5%, other 2.5% (1996 est.)
VanuatuNi-Vanuatu 98.5%, other 1.5% (1999 Census)
VenezuelaSpanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African,indigenous people
VietnamKinh (Viet) 86.2%, Tay 1.9%, Thai 1.7%, Muong 1.5%, Khome1.4%, Hoa 1.1%, Nun 1.1%, Hmong 1%, others 4.1% (1999 census)
Virgin Islandsblack 76.2%, white 13.1%, Asian 1.1%, other 6.1%,mixed 3.5% (2000 census)
Wallis and FutunaPolynesian
West BankPalestinian Arab and other 83%, Jewish 17%
Western SaharaArab, Berber
Yemenpredominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians, Europeans
ZambiaAfrican 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
ZimbabweAfrican 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed andAsian 1%, white less than 1%
This page was last updated on 8 February, 2007
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@2076 Exchange rates
Afghanistanafghanis per US dollar - 541 (2005), 48 (2004), 49(2003), 41 (2002), note, in 2002, the afghani was revalued and thecurrency stabilized at about 50 afghanis to the dollar; before 2002,the market rate varied widely from the official rate
AkrotiriCypriot pounds per US dollar - 0.46019 (2006), 0.4641(2005), 0.4686 (2004), 0.5174 (2003), 0.6107 (2002)
Albanialeke per US dollar - 98.5927 (2006), 102.649 (2005), 102.78(2004), 121.863 (2003), 140.155 (2002)
AlgeriaAlgerian dinars per US dollar - 73.2 (2006), 73.276 (2005),72.061 (2004), 77.395 (2003), 79.682 (2002)
American Samoathe US dollar is used
Andorraeuros per US dollar - 0.79669 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054(2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)
Angolakwanza per US dollar - 80.3 (2006), 88.6 (2005), 83.541(2004), 74.606 (2003), 43.53 (2002)
AnguillaEast Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7 (2005), 2.7(2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), note, fixed rate since 1976
Antigua and BarbudaEast Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7(2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003), 2.7 (2002), note, fixed rate since1976
ArgentinaArgentine pesos per US dollar - 3.05999 (2006), 2.9037(2005), 2.9233 (2004), 2.9006 (2003), 3.0633 (2002)
Armeniadrams per US dollar - 436.8 (2006), 457.69 (2005), 533.45(2004), 578.76 (2003), 573.35 (2002)
ArubaAruban guilders/florins per US dollar - 1.79 (2005), 1.79(2004), 1.79 (2003), 1.79 (2002)
AustraliaAustralian dollars per US dollar - 1.3382 (2006), 1.3095(2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002)
Austriaeuros per US dollar - 0.79669 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054(2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)
AzerbaijanAzerbaijani manats per US dollar - 0.89131 (2006),4,727.1 (2005), 4,913.48 (2004), 4,910.73 (2003), 4,860.82 (2002)note: on 1 January 2006 Azerbaijan revalued its currency, with 5,000old manats equal to 1 new manat
Bahamas, TheBahamian dollars per US dollar - 1 (2005), 1 (2004), 1(2003), 1 (2002)
BahrainBahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.376 (2006), 0.376 (2005),0.376 (2004), 0.376 (2003), 0.376 (2002)
Bangladeshtaka per US dollar - 70.235 (2006), 64.328 (2005), 59.513(2004), 58.15 (2003), 57.888 (2002)
BarbadosBarbadian dollars per US dollar - 2 (2005), 2 (2004), 2(2003), 2 (2002)