Pakistan1,046 km
Palau1,519 km
Panama2,490 km
Papua New Guinea5,152 km
Paracel Islands518 km
Paraguay0 km (landlocked)
Peru2,414 km
Philippines36,289 km
Pitcairn Islands51 km
Poland440 km
Portugal1,793 km
Puerto Rico501 km
Qatar563 km
Romania225 km
Russia37,653 km
Rwanda0 km (landlocked)
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da CunhaSaint Helena: 60 kmAscension Island: NATristan da Cunha: 40 km
Saint Kitts and Nevis135 km
Saint Lucia158 km
Saint Martin58.9 km (for entire island)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon120 km
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines84 km
Samoa403 km
San Marino0 km (landlocked)
Sao Tome and Principe209 km
Saudi Arabia2,640 km
Senegal531 km
Serbia0 km (landlocked)
Seychelles491 km
Sierra Leone402 km
Singapore193 km
Sint Maarten364 km
Slovakia0 km (landlocked)
Slovenia46.6 km
Solomon Islands5,313 km
Somalia3,025 km
South Africa2,798 km
South Georgia and South Sandwich IslandsNA
Southern Ocean17,968 km
Spain4,964 km
Spratly Islands926 km
Sri Lanka1,340 km
Sudan853 km
Suriname386 km
Svalbard3,587 km
Swaziland0 km (landlocked)
Sweden3,218 km
Switzerland0 km (landlocked)
Syria193 km
Taiwan1,566.3 km
Tajikistan0 km (landlocked)
Tanzania1,424 km
Thailand3,219 km
Timor-Leste706 km
Togo56 km
Tokelau101 km
Tonga419 km
Trinidad and Tobago362 km
Tunisia1,148 km
Turkey7,200 km
Turkmenistan0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea(1,768 km)
Turks and Caicos Islands389 km
Tuvalu24 km
Uganda0 km (landlocked)
Ukraine2,782 km
United Arab Emirates1,318 km
United Kingdom12,429 km
United States19,924 km
United States Pacific Island Wildlife RefugesBaker Island: 4.8 kmHowland Island: 6.4 kmJarvis Island: 8 kmJohnston Atoll: 34 kmKingman Reef: 3 kmMidway Islands: 15 kmPalmyra Atoll: 14.5 km
Uruguay660 km
Uzbekistan0 km (doubly landlocked); note - Uzbekistan includes thesouthern portion of the Aral Sea with a 420 km shoreline
Vanuatu2,528 km
Venezuela2,800 km
Vietnam3,444 km (excludes islands)
Virgin Islands188 km
Wake Island19.3 km
Wallis and Futuna129 km
West Bank0 km (landlocked)
Western Sahara1,110 km
World356,000 kmnote: 95 nations and other entities are islands that border no othercountries, they include: American Samoa, Anguilla, Antigua andBarbuda, Aruba, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, The Bahamas, Bahrain,Baker Island, Barbados, Bermuda, Bouvet Island, British Indian OceanTerritory, British Virgin Islands, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands,Christmas Island, Clipperton Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands,Comoros, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus,Dominica, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), Faroe Islands, Fiji,French Polynesia, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Greenland,Grenada, Guam, Guernsey, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, HowlandIsland, Iceland, Isle of Man, Jamaica, Jan Mayen, Japan, JarvisIsland, Jersey, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Kiribati, Madagascar,Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Mayotte,Federated States of Micronesia, Midway Islands, Montserrat, Nauru,Navassa Island, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island,Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Palmyra Atoll, Paracel Islands,Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Reunion, SaintBarthelemy, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, SaintPierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, SaoTome and Principe, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, SouthGeorgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Spratly Islands, Sri Lanka,Svalbard, Tokelau, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and CaicosIslands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Virgin Islands, Wake Island, Wallis andFutuna, Taiwan
Yemen1,906 km
Zambia0 km (landlocked)
Zimbabwe0 km (landlocked)
======================================================================
@2061
Field Listing :: Imports - partners
This entry provides a rank ordering of trading partners startingwith the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of totaldollar value.Country
Imports - partners(%)
AfghanistanPakistan 26.78%, US 24.81%, India 5.15%, Germany 5.06%,Russia 4.04% (2009)
AlbaniaItaly 29.94%, Greece 14.05%, Turkey 7.1%, Germany 6.9%,China 5.39% (2009)
AlgeriaFrance 19.7%, China 11.72%, Italy 10.19%, Spain 8.13%,Germany 5.77%, Turkey 5.05% (2009)
AngolaPortugal 18.71%, China 17.39%, US 8.51%, Brazil 8.22%, SouthKorea 6.72%, France 4.51%, Italy 4.28%, South Africa 4.02% (2009)
ArgentinaBrazil 31.12%, US 13.69%, China 10.26%, Germany 4.69%(2009)
ArmeniaRussia 24.02%, China 8.72%, Ukraine 6.15%, Turkey 5.39%,Germany 5.36%, Iran 4.07% (2009)
ArubaUS 49.51%, Netherlands 16.15%, UK 4.94% (2009)
AustraliaChina 17.94%, US 11.26%, Japan 8.36%, Thailand 5.81%,Singapore 5.54%, Germany 5.3% (2009)
AustriaGermany 45.07%, Switzerland 6.76%, Italy 6.66%, Netherlands4.03% (2009)
AzerbaijanTurkey 18.69%, Russia 16.98%, Germany 7.87%, Ukraine7.3%, China 6.18%, UK 5.73% (2009)
Bahamas, TheUS 27.23%, South Korea 20.08%, Japan 14.55%, Singapore5.89%, China 4.75%, Venezuela 4.26%, Italy 4.12% (2009)
BahrainSaudi Arabia 22.91%, France 9.76%, US 7.95%, China 6.4%,South Korea 5.26%, Japan 5.19%, Germany 5.01%, UK 4.34% (2009)
BangladeshChina 16.16%, India 12.61%, Singapore 7.55%, Japan 4.63%,Malaysia 4.46% (2009)
BarbadosTrinidad and Tobago 28.52%, US 27.96%, Colombia 7.13%,China 4.76%, UK 4.39% (2009)
BelarusRussia 56.42%, Germany 8.31%, Ukraine 4.79%, China 4.04%(2009)
BelgiumNetherlands 17.93%, Germany 17.14%, France 11.69%, Ireland6.26%, US 5.74%, UK 5.07%, China 4.09% (2009)
BelizeUS 33.65%, Mexico 14.17%, Cuba 8.51%, Guatemala 6.75%, Spain6.07%, China 4.12% (2009)
BeninChina 35.62%, US 7.51%, France 7.38%, Thailand 6.71%, Malaysia6.13%, Netherlands 4.83%, Belgium 4.02% (2009)
BermudaUS 31.2%, South Korea 26.71%, Brazil 6.77%, Ireland 6.11%,Singapore 5.35% (2009)
BhutanIndia 63%, Japan 12.3%, China 5.1% (2008)
BoliviaBrazil 27.12%, Argentina 15.69%, US 12.77%, Chile 9.11%,Peru 6.85% (2009)
Bosnia and HerzegovinaCroatia 22.17%, Germany 14.04%, Slovenia13.45%, Italy 11.89%, Austria 6.61%, Hungary 5.74% (2009)
BrazilUS 16.12%, China 12.61%, Argentina 8.77%, Germany 7.65%,Japan 4.3% (2009)
BruneiSingapore 38.4%, Malaysia 18.7%, Japan 7.2%, China 5.42%,Thailand 5.19%, US 4.45%, UK 4.25% (2009)
BulgariaRussia 13.14%, Germany 12.23%, Italy 7.78%, Greece 6.17%,Romania 5.65%, Turkey 5.48%, Ukraine 4.81%, Austria 4.08% (2009)
Burkina FasoCote d'Ivoire 24.31%, France 19.48%, Togo 6.42% (2009)
BurmaChina 33.1%, Thailand 26.28%, Singapore 15.18% (2009)
BurundiSaudi Arabia 16.87%, Belgium 11.17%, Uganda 8.62%, Kenya7.57%, China 5.66%, France 5.35%, Germany 4.46%, India 4.24%,Tanzania 4.21% (2009)
CambodiaThailand 24.83%, Vietnam 19.73%, China 14.08%, Singapore11.34%, Hong Kong 7.41%, Taiwan 5.1%, South Korea 4.06% (2009)
CameroonFrance 21.03%, Nigeria 10.79%, China 10.25%, Belgium 6.62%,US 4.31% (2009)
CanadaUS 51.1%, China 10.88%, Mexico 4.56% (2009)
Cape VerdePortugal 44.86%, Netherlands 15.51%, Spain 6.1%, Italy4.46%, Brazil 4.21% (2009)
Central African RepublicSouth Korea 19.29%, France 11.95%, US7.78%, Cameroon 7.39%, Netherlands 6.77% (2009)
ChadFrance 17.74%, Cameroon 12.7%, China 11.23%, US 7.59%, Italy6.54%, Ukraine 5.33%, Netherlands 4.37% (2009)
ChileUS 21.77%, China 12.76%, Argentina 9.55%, Brazil 6.46%, SouthKorea 5.35% (2009)
ChinaJapan 12.27%, Hong Kong 10.06%, South Korea 9.04%, US 7.66%,Taiwan 6.84%, Germany 5.54% (2009)
ColombiaUS 28%, China 11%, Mexico 7%, Brazil 6.5%, France 4.5%,Germany 4% (2009)
ComorosFrance 15.5%, China 14.66%, India 10.55%, UAE 7.88%,Pakistan 5.69%, Kenya 4.51% (2009)
Congo, Democratic Republic of theSouth Africa 18.22%, Belgium10.2%, China 8.34%, Zambia 7.77%, France 7.28%, Zimbabwe 6.52%,Kenya 5.48%, Netherlands 4.13%, Italy 3.96% (2009)
Congo, Republic of theFrance 20.64%, China 14.54%, Italy 9.56%, US9.02%, India 5.55%, Belgium 4.51% (2009)
Costa RicaUS 44.72%, Mexico 7.65%, Venezuela 5.56%, China 5.15%,Japan 4.36% (2009)
Cote d'IvoireNigeria 20.75%, France 14.19%, China 7.18%, Thailand5.09% (2009)
CroatiaItaly 15.46%, Germany 13.57%, Russia 9.29%, China 6.83%,Slovenia 5.75%, Austria 5.04% (2009)
CubaVenezuela 30.51%, China 15.48%, Spain 8.3%, US 6.87% (2009)
CuracaoVenezuela 57.3%, US 19.2%, Brazil 8.1% (2009 est.)
CyprusGreece 20.18%, Italy 10.67%, UK 8.95%, Germany 8.79%, Israel6.99%, China 5.52%, Netherlands 4.85%, France 4.01% (2009)
Czech RepublicGermany 30.67%, Poland 6.97%, Slovakia 6.6%,Netherlands 5.99%, China 5.7%, Austria 5.26%, Russia 4.93%, Italy3.98% (2009)
DenmarkGermany 21.07%, Sweden 13.18%, Norway 7%, Netherlands 6.97%,China 6.22%, UK 5.53% (2009)
DjiboutiSaudi Arabia 16.26%, India 16.03%, China 14.26%, US 9.57%,Malaysia 6.63%, Japan 4.74% (2009)
DominicaJapan 31.29%, US 19.73%, Trinidad and Tobago 11.8%, China11.58% (2009)
Dominican RepublicUS 42.79%, Venezuela 7.04%, Mexico 6.17%,Colombia 5.59% (2009)
EcuadorUS 25.4%, Columbia 10.6%, Venezuela 6.5%, Brazil 4.5%,Brazil 4.35% (2009)
EgyptUS 9.92%, China 9.63%, Germany 6.98%, Italy 6.88%, Turkey4.94% (2009)
El SalvadorUS 29.79%, Mexico 10.26%, Guatemala 9.7%, China 4.5%,Honduras 4.4% (2009)
Equatorial GuineaChina 19.97%, US 17.28%, Spain 14.94%, France9.49%, Cote d'Ivoire 6.34%, Italy 5.02% (2009)
EritreaSaudi Arabia 20.7%, India 13.6%, Italy 12.6%, China 9.9%, US5.1%, Germany 4.6% (2008)
EstoniaFinland 14.52%, Lithuania 10.84%, Latvia 10.47%, Germany10.33%, Russia 8.59%, Sweden 8.34%, Poland 5.63% (2009)
EthiopiaChina 14.73%, Saudi Arabia 8.41%, India 7.65%, US 4.3%(2009)
Faroe IslandsDenmark 54.42%, Norway 20.76%, Sweden 4.79% (2009)
FijiSingapore 27.27%, Australia 19.36%, NZ 15.15%, China 6.92%,India 5.23%, Thailand 4.25% (2009)
FinlandRussia 16.28%, Germany 15.76%, Sweden 14.65%, Netherlands6.99%, China 5.29%, France 4.22% (2009)
FranceGermany 19.41%, Belgium 11.61%, Italy 7.97%, Netherlands7.15%, Spain 6.68%, UK 4.9%, US 4.72%, China 4.44% (2009)
GabonFrance 32.21%, US 7.92%, China 7.02%, Belgium 4.99%, Italy4.81%, Cameroon 4.56%, Netherlands 4.35% (2009)
Gambia, TheChina 20.45%, Senegal 11.97%, Brazil 8.48%, Coted'Ivoire 4.71%, Netherlands 4.68%, US 4.49% (2009)
GeorgiaTurkey 16.81%, Azerbaijan 9.72%, Ukraine 9.17%, Russia7.39%, US 6.63%, Germany 6.22% (2009)
GermanyNetherlands 8.5%, China 8.2%, France 8.2%, US 5.9%, Italy5.9%, UK 4.9%, Belgium 4.3%, Austria 4.3%, Switzerland 4.2% (2009)
GhanaChina 16.8%, Nigeria 11.88%, US 6.63%, Cote d'Ivoire 5.99%,India 5.57%, France 5.09%, UK 4.23% (2009)
GreeceGermany 13.73%, Italy 12.71%, China 7.08%, France 6.1%,Netherlands 6.02%, South Korea 5.68%, Belgium 4.34%, Spain 4.08%(2009)
GreenlandDenmark 74.93%, Sweden 11.73%, Norway 2.29% (2009)
GrenadaTrinidad and Tobago 39.76%, US 18.11% (2009)
GuatemalaUS 36.46%, Mexico 10.49%, China 5.88%, El Salvador 5.14%(2009)
GuineaChina 8.67%, Netherlands 6.67%, France 4.33%, UK 4.22% (2009)
Guinea-BissauPortugal 17.33%, Senegal 13.66%, Netherlands 9.27%,India 9.11%, Thailand 5.2%, Brazil 4.49% (2009)
GuyanaUS 25.23%, Trinidad and Tobago 23.23%, Cuba 6.41%, China6.05% (2009)
HaitiUS 33.11%, Dominican Republic 23.53%, Netherlands Antilles10.75%, China 5.36% (2009)
HondurasUS 46.81%, Guatemala 8.92%, El Salvador 7.13%, Mexico5.54%, Costa Rica 4.91% (2009)
Hong KongChina 46.4%, Japan 8.8%, Taiwan 6.5%, Singapore 6.5%, US5.3% (2009)
HungaryGermany 25.05%, China 8.56%, Russia 7.3%, Austria 6.08%,Netherlands 4.73%, France 4.51%, Slovakia 4.14%, Italy 4.13%, Poland4.07% (2009)
IcelandNorway 12.97%, Netherlands 8.62%, Germany 8.3%, Sweden8.03%, Denmark 7.27%, US 6.94%, China 4.98%, UK 4.55%, Brazil 4.09%(2009)
IndiaChina 10.94%, US 7.16%, Saudi Arabia 5.36%, UAE 5.18%,Australia 5.02%, Germany 4.86%, Singapore 4.02% (2009)
IndonesiaSingapore 24.96%, China 12.52%, Japan 8.92%, Malaysia5.88%, South Korea 5.64%, US 4.88%, Thailand 4.45% (2009)
IranUAE 15.14%, China 13.48%, Germany 9.66%, South Korea 7.16%,Italy 5.27%, Russia 4.81%, India 4.12% (2009)
IraqTurkey 24.99%, Syria 17.36%, US 8.66%, China 6.79%, Jordan4.17%, Italy 3.98%, Germany 3.97% (2009)
IrelandUK 35.28%, US 16.87%, Germany 6.76%, Netherlands 5.86%,France 4.76% (2009)
IsraelUS 12.35%, China 7.43%, Germany 7.1%, Switzerland 6.94%,Belgium 5.42%, Italy 4.49%, UK 4.03%, Netherlands 3.98% (2009)
ItalyGermany 16.68%, France 8.82%, China 6.53%, Netherlands 5.63%,Spain 4.3%, Russia 4.12%, Belgium 4.08% (2009)
JamaicaUS 28.32%, Trinidad and Tobago 22.98%, Venezuela 12.14%,China 4.61%, Brazil 4.18% (2009)
JapanChina 22.2%, US 10.96%, Australia 6.29%, Saudi Arabia 5.29%,UAE 4.12%, South Korea 3.98%, Indonesia 3.95% (2009)
JordanSaudi Arabia 17.3%, China 10.95%, US 6.94%, Germany 6.29%,Egypt 6.1% (2009)
KazakhstanRussia 28.5%, China 26.72%, Germany 6.59%, Italy 5.58%,Ukraine 4.8% (2009)
KenyaIndia 11.67%, China 10.58%, UAE 9.32%, South Africa 8.36%,Saudi Arabia 6.53%, US 6.25%, Japan 5.1% (2009)
Korea, NorthChina 57%, South Korea 25%, Russia 3%, Singapore 3%(2008)
Korea, SouthChina 17.7%, Japan 14%, US 8.9%, Saudi Arabia 7.8%, UAE4.4%, Australia 4.1% (2008)
KuwaitUS 11.18%, China 9.07%, Germany 7.63%, Japan 7.14%, SaudiArabia 6.24%, Italy 5%, France 4.77%, India 4.09%, UK 4.02% (2009)
KyrgyzstanChina 57.03%, Russia 19.34%, Kazakhstan 5.9% (2009)
LaosThailand 66.2%, China 11.45%, Vietnam 5.3% (2009)
LatviaLithuania 16.36%, Germany 11.34%, Russia 10.68%, Poland8.11%, Estonia 7.69% (2009)
LebanonUS 11%, France 10%, China 9%, Italy 8%, Germany 8%, Turkey4%, Ukraine 4.55%, Turkey 4.5% (2009)
LesothoChina 26.3%, Taiwan 20.1%, Hong Kong 16.4%, South Korea14.1%, India 9.2% (2008)
LiberiaSouth Korea 28.29%, Singapore 19.06%, Japan 17.06%, China14.58%, Taiwan 4.02% (2009)
LibyaItaly 18.9%, China 10.54%, Turkey 9.92%, Germany 9.78%, France5.63%, Tunisia 5.25%, South Korea 4.02% (2009)
LithuaniaRussia 30.1%, Germany 11.1%, Poland 9.9%, Latvia 6.3%(2009)
LuxembourgBelgium 27.22%, Germany 23.14%, China 18.62%, France8.85%, Netherlands 5.06% (2009)
MacauChina 31.1%, Hong Kong 10.8%, Japan 8.1%, France 8%, US 6.2%(2009)
MacedoniaGermany 15.11%, Greece 14.88%, Bulgaria 9.08%, Italy7.68%, Turkey 7.59%, Slovenia 6.26%, Hungary 4.31% (2009)
MadagascarChina 12.99%, Thailand 11.93%, Bahrain 7.1%, France6.89%, US 4.13% (2009)
MalawiSouth Africa 40.15%, China 6.79%, India 6.73%, France 5.03%,Tanzania 4.81%, Mozambique 4.03% (2009)
MalaysiaChina 13.9%, Japan 12.5%, US 11.2%, Singapore 11.1%,Thailand 6%, Indonesia 5.3% (2009)
MaldivesSingapore 24.62%, UAE 15.7%, India 11.02%, Malaysia 8.98%,Sri Lanka 5.4%, Thailand 5.36% (2009)
MaliSenegal 12.21%, France 11.57%, Cote d'Ivoire 10.05%, China5.89% (2009)
MaltaItaly 24.4%, UK 11.7%, Germany 9.3%, France 7.6%, China 4.2%,Singapore 4.11%, Switzerland 4.05% (2009)
MauritaniaFrance 14.3%, Netherlands 10.33%, China 9.94%, Brazil5.58%, Belgium 4.87%, Germany 4.04%, Spain 4.02% (2009)
MauritiusIndia 24.5%, France 14.02%, South Africa 8.55%, China8.17% (2009)
MexicoUS 48%, China 13.5%, Japan 4.8% (2009)
MoldovaUkraine 19.9%, Romania 15.1%, Russia 14.52%, Germany 8.69%,Italy 5.7%, Belarus 4.38% (2009)
MongoliaChina 35.99%, Russia 31.56%, South Korea 7.08%, Japan 4.8%(2009)
MontenegroItaly 17.54%, Slovenia 14.62%, Germany 10.5%, Austria7.82%, China 7.82%, Russia 4.4%, Hungary 4.11%, Greece 4.11%,Netherlands 3.96% (2009)
MoroccoFrance 16.95%, Spain 14.72%, China 7.1%, Italy 6.76%,Germany 6.28%, US 5.66%, Saudi Arabia 5.11% (2009)
MozambiqueSouth Africa 33.54%, Netherlands 8.42%, India 5.93%,China 4.24% (2009)
NepalIndia 57%, China 13% (2009)
NetherlandsGermany 17.16%, China 11.58%, Belgium 8.68%, US 7.77%,UK 5.72%, Russia 4.47%, France 4.4% (2009)
New CaledoniaFrance 39.89%, Singapore 14.12%, Australia 12.5%, NZ5.42% (2009)
New ZealandAustralia 18.4%, China 15.09%, US 10.45%, Japan 7.24%,Germany 4.16%, Singapore 4.12% (2009)
NicaraguaUS 22.63%, Venezuela 12.27%, Mexico 9.05%, Costa Rica8.66%, China 7.16%, Guatemala 6.59%, El Salvador 5.63% (2009)
NigerChina 16.32%, France 15.95%, Netherlands 7.66%, Algeria 7.15%,French Polynesia 6.11%, Nigeria 5.48%, Cote d'Ivoire 4.15%, US 4.05%(2009)
NigeriaChina 14.89%, US 8.88%, Netherlands 8.18%, South Korea5.46%, UK 4.63%, France 4.19% (2009)
NorwaySweden 13.86%, Germany 12.89%, China 7.8%, Denmark 6.78%, US6.16%, UK 6.01% (2009)
OmanUAE 22.9%, Japan 13.99%, US 6.46%, China 5.64%, India 5.27%,France 5.19%, South Korea 4.65% (2009)
PakistanChina 15.35%, Saudi Arabia 10.54%, UAE 9.8%, US 4.81%,Kuwait 4.73%, Malaysia 4.43%, India 4.02% (2009)
PanamaJapan 36.21%, Singapore 16.86%, US 12.3%, China 7.84% (2009)
Papua New GuineaAustralia 43.27%, China 13.29%, Singapore 9.59%, US6.4%, Japan 4.62% (2009)
ParaguayChina 30%, Brazil 23%, Argentina 16%, US 5% (2009)
PeruUS 23.96%, China 10.74%, Ecuador 7.25%, Brazil 7.19%, Chile5.68%, Argentina 5.59%, Mexico 5.02% (2009)
PhilippinesJapan 12.5%, US 12%, China 8.8%, Singapore 8.7%, SouthKorea 7.9% (2009)
PolandGermany 28.08%, Russia 8.65%, Italy 6.5%, Netherlands 5.59%,China 5.27%, France 4.6%, Czech Republic 4.05% (2009)
PortugalSpain 31.58%, Germany 12.41%, France 8.58%, Italy 5.55%,Netherlands 5.31% (2009)
QatarUS 13.43%, Italy 8.34%, South Korea 8.33%, Japan 8.04%,Germany 7.31%, France 6.26%, UK 5.59%, China 5%, UAE 4.67%, SaudiArabia 3.96% (2009)
RomaniaGermany 17.3%, Italy 11.78%, Hungary 8.36%, France 6.14%,China 4.91%, Austria 4.75% (2009)
RussiaGermany 14.39%, China 13.98%, Ukraine 5.48%, Italy 4.84%, US4.46% (2009)
RwandaKenya 16.53%, Uganda 14.92%, China 7.92%, UAE 6.89%, Belgium5.54%, Germany 5.19%, Tanzania 4.81%, Sweden 4% (2009)
Saint Kitts and NevisUS 43.37%, Trinidad and Tobago 15.26%, Italy11.83% (2009)
Saint LuciaBrazil 83.44%, US 4.67%, Trinidad and Tobago 4.56% (2009)
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesSingapore 16.16%, Trinidad andTobago 13.71%, US 13.41%, China 10.9%, Italy 8.89%, Turkey 6.6%,France 5.64%, Romania 4.44% (2009)
SamoaNZ 24.13%, Fiji 17.34%, Singapore 12.54%, China 10.02%,Australia 9.85%, US 5.95% (2009)
Sao Tome and PrincipePortugal 58.9%, Brazil 6.68%, US 4.71%, Japan4.49% (2009)
Saudi ArabiaUS 12.32%, China 12.06%, Germany 7.67%, Japan 6.15%,South Korea 5.32%, India 4.99%, UK 4.72%, France 4.05% (2009)
SenegalFrance 19.58%, UK 9.64%, China 8.08%, Netherlands 5.64%,Thailand 4.75%, US 3.97% (2009)
SerbiaGermany 11.79%, Italy 9.36%, Hungary 6.71%, Slovenia 6.52%,Austria 4.79% (2009)
SeychellesSaudi Arabia 16.44%, India 8.33%, Spain 7.49%, SouthAfrica 6.72%, France 6.39%, Brazil 6.07%, Singapore 5.07% (2009)
Sierra LeoneSouth Africa 14.61%, China 7.58%, US 5.87%, Coted'Ivoire 5.65%, India 5.19%, Malaysia 5.19%, France 5.08%, UK 4.48%,Netherlands 4.06% (2009)
SingaporeUS 14.7%, Malaysia 11.6%, China 10.5%, Japan 7.6%,Indonesia 5.8%, South Korea 5.7%, Taiwan 5.22% (2009)
Sint MaartenChina 17.35%, Japan 14.79%, US 8.96%, Saudi Arabia6.89% (2009)
SlovakiaGermany 16.8%, Czech Republic 12.3%, Russia 9%, South Korea6.8%, China 5.8%, Hungary 5.3%, Poland 4% (2009)
SloveniaGermany 16.46%, Italy 15.89%, Austria 11.81%, France 4.98%,Croatia 4.32% (2009)
Solomon IslandsSingapore 24.69%, Australia 23.06%, NZ 5.2%, Fiji4.47%, Papua New Guinea 4.34%, Malaysia 3.98% (2009)
SomaliaDjibouti 30.84%, Kenya 8.06%, India 7.86%, China 6.97%,Brazil 6.59%, Yemen 4.97%, Oman 4.72%, UAE 4.6% (2009)
South AfricaChina 17.21%, Germany 11.24%, US 7.38%, Saudi Arabia4.87%, Japan 4.67%, Iran 3.95% (2009)
SpainGermany 15.02%, France 12.82%, Italy 7.17%, China 5.8%,Netherlands 5.22%, UK 4.7% (2009)
Sri LankaIndia 20.73%, China 13.45%, Singapore 7.26%, Iran 6.7%,South Korea 5.23% (2009)
SudanChina 21.87%, Saudi Arabia 7.22%, Egypt 6.1%, India 5.53%, UAE5.3% (2009)
SurinameUS 30.79%, Netherlands 19.17%, Trinidad and Tobago 13.04%,China 6.8%, Japan 5.85% (2009)
SwedenGermany 17.9%, Denmark 8.9%, Norway 8.7%, Netherlands 6.17%,UK 5.56%, Finland 5.14%, France 5.06%, China 4.79% (2009)
SwitzerlandGermany 27.19%, Italy 10.42%, US 9.61%, France 7.69%,Netherlands 4.35% (2009)
SyriaSaudi Arabia 10.1%, China 9.95%, Turkey 6.97%, Egypt 6.44%,UAE 4.97%, Italy 4.93%, Russia 4.92%, Germany 4.38%, Lebanon 4.12%(2009)
TaiwanJapan 20.7%, China 14%, US 10.3%, South Korea 6%, SaudiArabia 4.8% (2009)
TajikistanRussia 23.92%, China 23.74%, Kazakhstan 8.92%, Turkey4.96%, Uzbekistan 4.73% (2009)
TanzaniaIndia 13.97%, China 13.71%, South Africa 7.8%, Kenya 6.89%,UAE 4.65%, Japan 4.34% (2009)
ThailandJapan 18.7%, China 12.7%, Malaysia 6.4%, US 6.3%, UAE 5%,Singapore 4.3%, South Korea 4.1% (2009)
TogoChina 36.58%, France 8.64%, Netherlands 6.76%, India 5.06%, US4.4% (2009)
TongaFiji 34.37%, NZ 25.03%, US 9.43%, Australia 7.53%, China 5.64%(2009)
Trinidad and TobagoUS 30.87%, Colombia 7.1%, Venezuela 7.01%,Russia 6.64%, Brazil 5.53%, China 4.19% (2009)
TunisiaFrance 20.1%, Italy 16.4%, Germany 8.8%, China 5%, Spain4.5%, US 4% (2009)
TurkeyRussia 14%, Germany 10%, China 9%, US 6.1%, Italy 5.4%,France 5% (2009)
TurkmenistanChina 18.03%, Turkey 16.49%, Russia 16.45%, Germany5.91%, UAE 5.81%, Ukraine 5.67%, US 5.41%, France 4.32% (2009)
UgandaKenya 13.9%, India 12.79%, UAE 11.16%, China 8.91%, SouthAfrica 5.08%, France 4.6%, Japan 4.37%, US 4.07% (2009)
UkraineRussia 28%, Germany 8.6%, China 6.1%, Kazakhstan 4.9%,Poland 4.9% (2009)
United Arab EmiratesChina 15.03%, India 14.27%, US 8.44%, Germany5.81%, Japan 4.52% (2009)
United KingdomGermany 12.87%, US 9.74%, China 8.88%, Netherlands6.94%, France 6.64%, Belgium 4.86%, Norway 4.84%, Ireland 4.01%,Italy 3.99% (2009)
United StatesChina 19.3%, Canada 14.24%, Mexico 11.12%, Japan6.14%, Germany 4.53% (2009)
UruguayArgentina 20.77%, Brazil 17.53%, China 10.23%, US 9.82%,Paraguay 6.87% (2009)
UzbekistanRussia 23.72%, China 20.36%, South Korea 13.03%, Germany6.09%, Ukraine 5.39%, Kazakhstan 4.68% (2009)
VanuatuJapan 17.3%, Australia 13.46%, China 12.26%, Singapore 12%,NZ 6.88%, Poland 6.61%, France 5.86%, Fiji 5.52% (2009)
VenezuelaUS 23.66%, Colombia 14.43%, Brazil 9.13%, China 8.44%,Mexico 5.47% (2009)
VietnamChina 16.42%, Singapore 9.61%, Japan 8.96%, Taiwan 8.23%,South Korea 7.72%, Thailand 6.41%, Hong Kong 4.45%, US 4.27% (2009)
WorldChina 10.3%, Germany 8.7%, US 8%, Japan 5% (2008 est.)
YemenChina 13.98%, UAE 12.3%, India 8.63%, Saudi Arabia 5.8%, US4.52%, Brazil 4.51%, Turkey 4.51%, Kuwait 4.33%, France 4.24% (2009)
ZambiaSouth Africa 51.78%, UAE 7.7%, China 5.85%, DemocraticRepublic of the Congo 4.22% (2009)
ZimbabweSouth Africa 62.24%, China 4.2% (2009)
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@2062
Field Listing ::
Country
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@2063
Field Listing :: Constitution
This entry includes the dates of adoption, revisions, and majoramendments.Country
Constitution
Afghanistanconstitution drafted 14 December 2003-4 January 2004;signed 16 January 2004; ratified 26 January 2004
AkrotiriSovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order inCouncil 1960, effective 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legaldocument
Albaniaapproved by parliament on 21 October 1998; adopted bypopular referendum on 22 November 1998; promulgated 28 November 1998
Algeria8 September 1963; revised 19 November 1976; effective 22November 1976; revised 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989, 28November 1996, 10 April 2002, and 12 November 2008
American Samoaratified on 2 June 1966; effective 1 July 1967
AndorraAndorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991;approved by referendum 14 March 1993; effective 28 April 1993
Angolaadopted by People's Assembly 25 August 1992
AnguillaAnguilla Constitutional Order 1 April 1982; amended 1990
Antigua and Barbuda1 November 1981
Argentina1 May 1853; amended many times starting in 1860
Armeniaadopted by nationwide referendum 5 July 1995; amendmentsadopted through a nationwide referendum 27 November 2005
Aruba1 January 1986
Australia9 July 1900; effective on 1 January 1901
Austria1920; revised 1929; reinstated 1 May 1945; note - during theperiod 1 May 1934-1 May 1945 there was a fascist (corporative)constitution in place
Azerbaijanadopted 12 November 1995; modified by referendum 24August 2002
Bahamas, The10 July 1973
Bahrainadopted 14 February 2002
Bangladesh4 November 1972; effective 16 December 1972; suspendedfollowing coup of 24 March 1982; restored 10 November 1986; amendedmany times
Barbados30 November 1966
Belarus15 March 1994; revised by national referendum of 24 November1996 giving the presidency greatly expanded powers and becameeffective 27 November 1996; revised again 17 October 2004 removingpresidential term limits
Belgium7 February 1831; amended many times; revised 14 July 1993 tocreate a federal state
Belize21 September 1981
Beninadopted by referendum 2 December 1990
Bermuda8 June 1968; amended 1989 and 2003
Bhutanratified 18 July 2008
Bolivia7 February 2009
Bosnia and Herzegovinathe Dayton Peace Accords, signed on 14December 1995 in Paris, included a constitution; note - each of theentities also has its own constitution
BotswanaMarch 1965; effective 30 September 1966
Brazil5 October 1988
British Virgin Islands13 June 2007
Brunei29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State ofEmergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1January 1984)
Bulgariaadopted on 12 July 1991
Burkina Fasoapproved by referendum 2 June 1991; formally adopted 11June 1991; last amended January 2002
Burma3 January 1974; suspended since 18 September 1988; aconstitution officially received 92.48% support in a flawed May 2008referendum that most observers judged fell far short ofinternational standards of free and fair elections; note - a newconstitution is to take effect when a parliament is convenedpossibly in late January 2011
Burundiratified by popular referendum 28 February 2005
Cambodiapromulgated 21 September 1993
Cameroonapproved by referendum 20 May 1972; adopted 2 June 1972;revised January 1996
Canadamade up of unwritten and written acts, customs, judicialdecisions, and traditions; the written part of the constitutionconsists of the Constitution Act of 29 March 1867, which created afederation of four provinces, and the Constitution Act of 17 April1982, which transferred formal control over the constitution fromBritain to Canada, and added a Canadian Charter of Rights andFreedoms as well as procedures for constitutional amendments
Cape Verde25 September 1992; a major revision on 23 November 1995substantially increased the powers of the president; a 1999 revisioncreated the position of national ombudsman (Provedor de Justica)
Cayman IslandsThe Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009, 6November 2009
Central African Republicratified by popular referendum 5 December2004; effective 27 December 2004
Chadpassed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendumremoved constitutional term limits
Chile11 September 1980, effective 11 March 1981; amended 1989,1991, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2003, and 2005
Chinamost recent promulgation 4 December 1982 with amendments in1988, 1993, 1999, 2004
Christmas IslandChristmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) asamended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsCocos (Keeling) Islands Act of 1955 (23November 1955) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992
Colombia5 July 1991; amended many times
Comoros23 December 2001
Congo, Democratic Republic of the18 February 2006
Congo, Republic of theapproved by referendum 20 January 2002
Cook Islands4 August 1965
Costa Rica7 November 1949
Cote d'Ivoireapproved by referendum 23 July 2000
Croatiaadopted on 22 December 1990; revised 2000, 2001
Cuba24 February 1976; amended July 1992 and June 2002
CuracaoStaatsregeling, 10 October 2010; revised Kingdom Charterpending
Cyprus16 August 1960note: from December 1963, the Turkish Cypriots no longerparticipated in the government; negotiations to create the basis fora new or revised constitution to govern the island and for betterrelations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been heldintermittently since the mid-1960s; in 1975, following the 1974Turkish intervention, Turkish Cypriots created their ownconstitution and governing bodies within the "Turkish FederatedState of Cyprus," which became the "Turkish Republic of NorthernCyprus (TRNC)" when the Turkish Cypriots declared independence in1983; a new constitution for the "TRNC" passed by referendum on 5May 1985, although the "TRNC" remains unrecognized by any countryother than Turkey
Czech Republicratified on 16 December 1992, effective on 1 January1993; amended in 1997, 2000, 2001 (twice), 2002
Denmark5 June 1953; note - constitution allowed for a unicamerallegislature and a female chief of state
DhekeliaSovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order inCouncil 1960, effective 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legaldocument
Djiboutiapproved by referendum 4 September 1992; note -constitution allows for multiparties
Dominica3 November 1978
Dominican Republic28 November 1966; amended 25 July 2002 andJanuary 2010
Ecuador20 October 2008
Egypt11 September 1971; amended 22 May 1980, 25 May 2005, and 26March 2007
El Salvador20 December 1983
Equatorial Guineaapproved by national referendum 17 November 1991;amended January 1995
Eritreaadopted on 23 May 1997, but has not yet been fullyimplemented
Estoniaadopted 28 June 1992
Ethiopiaratified 8 December 1994, effective 22 August 1995
European Unionnonenote: based on a series of treaties: the Treaty of Paris, which setup the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951; theTreaties of Rome, which set up the European Economic Community (EEC)and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) in 1957; theSingle European Act in 1986; the Treaty on European Union(Maastricht) in 1992; the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997; and theTreaty of Nice in 2003; note - a new draft Constitutional Treaty,signed on 29 October 2004 in Rome, gave member states two years forratification either by parliamentary vote or national referendumbefore it was scheduled to take effect on 1 November 2006; defeat inFrench and Dutch referenda in May-June 2005 dealt a severe setbackto the ratification process; in June 2007, the European Councilagreed on a clear and concise mandate for an IntergovernmentalConference to form a political agreement and put it into legal form;this agreement, known as the Reform Treaty, would have served as aconstitution and was presented to the European Council in October2007 for individual country ratification; it was rejected by Irishvoters in June 2008, again stalling the ratification process; theReform Treaty, more recently known as the Treaty of Lisbon, wasagain circulated for ratification, and by November 2009 was approvedby all 27 countries; it came into effect on 1 December 2009
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)1 January 2009
Faroe Islands5 June 1953 (Danish constitution)
Fijienacted on 25 July 1997; effective on 28 July 1998; note - itencourages multiculturalism and makes multiparty government mandatory
Finland1 March 2000
Franceadopted by referendum 28 September 1958; effective 4 October1958; amended many timesnote: amended concerning election of president in 1962; amended tocomply with provisions of 1992 EC Maastricht Treaty, 1997 AmsterdamTreaty, 2003 Treaty of Nice; amended to tighten immigration laws in1993; amended in 2000 to change the seven-year presidential term toa five-year term; amended in 2005 to make the EU constitutionaltreaty compatible with the Constitution of France and to ensure thatthe decision to ratify EU accession treaties would be made byreferendum
French Polynesia4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Gabonadopted 14 March 1991
Gambia, Theapproved by national referendum 8 August 1996; effective16 January 1997
Georgiaadopted 24 August 1995
Germany23 May 1949, known as Basic Law; became constitution of theunited Germany 3 October 1990
Ghanaapproved 28 April 1992
Gibraltar5 June 2006; came into force 2 January 2007
Greece11 June 1975; amended March 1986 and April 2001
Greenland(November 2008) Act on Greenland Self Government
Grenada19 December 1973
GuamOrganic Act of Guam, 1 August 1950
Guatemala31 May 1985, effective 14 January 1986; suspended 25 May1993; reinstated 5 June 1993; amended November 1993
Guernseyunwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Guinea23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale)
Guinea-Bissau16 May 1984; amended 4 May 1991, 4 December 1991, 26February 1993, 9 June 1993, and in 1996
Guyana6 October 1980
Haitiapproved March 1987note: suspended June 1988 with most articles reinstated March 1989;constitutional government ousted in a military coup in September1991, although in October 1991 military government claimed to beobserving the constitution; returned to constitutional rule inOctober 1994; constitution, while technically in force between2004-2006, was not enforced; returned to constitutional rule in May2006
Holy See (Vatican City)Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHNPAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replacedthe first Fundamental Law of 1929)
Honduras11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended manytimes
Hong KongBasic Law, approved in March 1990 by China's NationalPeople's Congress, is Hong Kong's charter
Hungary18 August 1949, effective 20 August 1949; revised 19 April1972; 18 October 1989; and 1997note: 18 October 1989 revision ensured legal rights for individualsand constitutional checks on the authority of the prime minister andalso established the principle of parliamentary oversight; 1997amendment streamlined the judicial system
Iceland16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944; amended many times
India26 January 1950; amended many times
IndonesiaAugust 1945; abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 andProvisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959; series ofamendments concluded in 2002
Iran2-3 December 1979; revised in 1989note: the revision in 1989 expanded powers of the presidency andeliminated the prime ministership
Iraqratified on 15 October 2005 (subject to review by theConstitutional Review Committee and a possible public referendum)
Irelandadopted 1 July 1937 by plebiscite; effective 29 December 1937
Isle of Manunwritten; note - The Isle of Man Constitution Act of1961 does not embody the unwritten Manx Constitution
Israelno formal constitution; some of the functions of aconstitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948),the Basic Laws of the parliament (Knesset), and the Israelicitizenship law; note - since May 2003 the Constitution, Law, andJustice Committee of the Knesset has been working on a draftconstitution
Italypassed 11 December 1947, effective 1 January 1948; amendedmany times
Jamaica6 August 1962
Japan3 May 1947
Jerseyunwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice
Jordan1 January 1952; amended many times
Kazakhstanfirst post-independence constitution adopted 28 January1993; new constitution adopted by national referendum 30 August 1995
Kenya27 August 2010; the new constitution abolishes the position ofprime minister and establishes a bicameral legislature; many detailshave yet to be finalized and will require significant legislativeaction
Kiribati12 July 1979
Korea, Northadopted 1948; revised several times most recently in2009
Korea, South17 July 1948; note - amended or rewritten many times;current constitution approved on 29 October 1987
Kosovoadopted by the Kosovo Assembly on 9 April 2008; effective 15June 2008
Kuwaitapproved and promulgated 11 November 1962
Kyrgyzstan27 June 2010
Laospromulgated 14 August 1991; amended in 2003
Latvia15 February 1922; restored to force by the Constitutional Lawof the Republic of Latvia adopted by the Supreme Council on 21August 1991; multiple amendments since
Lebanon23 May 1926; amended a number of times, most recently in1990 to include changes necessitated by the Charter of LebaneseNational Reconciliation (Ta'if Accord) of October 1989
Lesotho2 April 1993
Liberia6 January 1986
Libyanone; note - following the September 1969 military overthrowof the Libyan government, the Revolutionary Command Council replacedthe existing constitution with the Constitutional Proclamation inDecember 1969; in March 1977, Libya adopted the Declaration of theEstablishment of the People's Authority
Liechtenstein5 October 1921; amended 15 September 2003
Lithuaniaadopted 25 October 1992; last amended 13 July 2004
Luxembourg17 October 1868; occasional revisions
MacauBasic Law, approved on 31 March 1993 by China's NationalPeople's Congress, is Macau's charter
Macedoniaadopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991;amended November 2001, 2005 and in 2009note: amended November 2001 by a series of new constitutionalamendments strengthening minority rights, in 2005 with amendmentsrelated to the judiciary, and in 2009 with amendments related to thethreshold required to elect the president
Madagascarpassed by referendum 17 November 2010; promulgated 11December 2010 (2010)
Malawi18 May 1994
Malaysia31 August 1957; amended many times the latest in 2007
Maldivesnew constitution ratified 7 August 2008
Maliadopted 12 January 1992
Malta1964; amended many times
Marshall Islands1 May 1979
Mauritania12 July 1991
Mauritius12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Mayotte4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Mexico5 February 1917
Micronesia, Federated States of10 May 1979
Moldovaadopted 29 July 1994; effective 27 August 1994; note -replaced 1979 Soviet constitution
Monaco17 December 1962; modified 2 April 2002
Mongolia13 January 1992
Montenegroapproved 19 October 2007 (by the Assembly)
Montserrateffective 19 December 1989
Morocco10 March 1972; revised 4 September 1992, amended September1996note: the amendment of September 1996 was to create a bicamerallegislature
Mozambique30 November 1990
Namibiaratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990
Nauru29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968
Nepal15 January 2007 (interim Constitution); note - in April 2008,a Constituent Assembly was elected to draft and promulgate a newconstitution by May 2010, but the deadline has been extended to May2011
Netherlandsadopted 1815; amended many times, most recently in 2002
New Caledonia4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
New Zealandconsists of a series of legal documents, includingcertain acts of the UK and New Zealand parliaments, as well as TheConstitution Act 1986, which is the principal formal charter;adopted 1 January 1987, effective 1 January 1987
Nicaragua9 January 1987; revised in 1995, 2000, and 2005
Nigeradopted 18 July 1999
Nigeriaadopted 5 May 1999; effective 29 May 1999
Niue19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)
Norfolk IslandNorfolk Island Act of 1979 as amended in 2005
Northern Mariana IslandsConstitution of the Commonwealth of theNorthern Mariana Islands effective 1 January 1978; CovenantAgreement fully effective 4 November 1986
Norway17 May 1814; amended many times
Omannone; note - on 6 November 1996, Sultan QABOOS issued a royaldecree promulgating a basic law considered by the government to be aconstitution which, among other things, clarifies the royalsuccession, provides for a prime minister, bars ministers fromholding interests in companies doing business with the government,establishes a bicameral legislature, and guarantees basic civilliberties for Omani citizens
Pakistan12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; amended31 December 2003; suspended 3 November 2007; restored on 15 December2007; amended 19 April 2010
Palau1 January 1981
Panama11 October 1972; revised in 1978, 1983, 1994, and 2004
Papua New Guinea16 September 1975
Paraguaypromulgated 20 June 1992
Peru29 December 1993
Philippines2 February 1987, effective 11 February 1987
Pitcairn IslandsThe Pitcairn Constitution Order 2010, effective 4March 2010
Polandadopted by the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed bynational referendum 25 May 1997; effective 17 October 1997
Portugaladopted 2 April 1976; subsequently revisednote: the revisions placed the military under strict civiliancontrol, trimmed the powers of the president, and laid thegroundwork for a stable, pluralistic liberal democracy; they allowedfor the privatization of nationalized firms and government-ownedcommunications media
Puerto Ricoratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July1952; effective 25 July 1952
Qatarratified by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed bythe Amir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005
Romania8 December 1991; revised 29 October 2003
Russiaadopted 12 December 1993
Rwandanew constitution passed by referendum 26 May 2003
Saint Barthelemy4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da CunhaThe Saint Helena,Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Constitution Order 2009, effective 1September 2009
Saint Kitts and Nevis19 September 1983
Saint Lucia22 February 1979
Saint Martin4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines27 October 1979
Samoa1 January 1962
San Marino8 October 1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of thefunctions of a constitution
Sao Tome and Principeapproved March 1990, effective 10 September1990
Saudi Arabiagoverned according to Islamic law; the Basic Law thatarticulates the government's rights and responsibilities waspromulgated by royal decree in 1992
Senegaladopted 7 January 2001
Serbiaadopted 8 November 2006; effective 10 November 2006
Seychelles18 June 1993
Sierra Leone1 October 1991; amended several times
Singapore3 June 1959; amended 1965 (based on pre-independence Stateof Singapore Constitution)
Sint MaartenStaatsregeling, 10 October 2010; revised KingdomCharter pending
Slovakiaratified 1 September 1992, effective 1 January 1993;changed in September 1998; amended February 2001note: the change in September 1998 allowed direct election of thepresident; the amendment of February 2001 allowed Slovakia to applyfor NATO and EU membership