YemenYemen is a low income country that is highly dependent ondeclining oil resources for revenue. Petroleum accounts for roughly25% of GDP and 70% of government revenue. Yemen has tried to counterthe effects of its declining oil resources by diversifying itseconomy through an economic reform program initiated in 2006 that isdesigned to bolster non-oil sectors of the economy and foreigninvestment. In October 2009, Yemen exported its first liquefiednatural gas as part of this diversification effort. In January 2010,the international community established the Friends of Yemen groupthat aims to support Yemen's efforts towards economic and politicalreform, and in August 2010 the IMF approved a three-year $370million program to further this effort. Despite these ambitiousendeavors, Yemen continues to face difficult long term challenges,including declining water resources and a high population growthrate.
ZambiaZambia's economy has experienced strong growth in recentyears, with real GDP growth in 2005-08 about 6% per year.Privatization of government-owned copper mines in the 1990s relievedthe government from covering mammoth losses generated by theindustry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining toreturn to profitability and spur economic growth. Copper output hasincreased steadily since 2004, due to higher copper prices andforeign investment. In 2005, Zambia qualified for debt relief underthe Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative, consisting ofapproximately USD 6 billion in debt relief. Poverty remains asignificant problem in Zambia, despite a stronger economy. Decliningworld commodity prices and demand slowed GDP growth in 2008, but asharp rebound in copper prices and a bumper maize crop helped Zambiarecover. Lack of economic diversity subjects Zambia to fluctuationsin copper prices and in the weather.
ZimbabweThe government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety ofdifficult economic problems. Its 1998-2002 involvement in the war inthe Democratic Republic of the Congo drained hundreds of millions ofdollars from the economy. The government's land reform program,characterized by chaos and violence, has badly damaged thecommercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports andforeign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs, turning Zimbabweinto a net importer of food products. The EU and the US provide foodaid on humanitarian grounds. Until early 2009, the Reserve Bank ofZimbabwe routinely printed money to fund the budget deficit, causinghyperinflation. The power-sharing government formed in February 2009has led to some economic improvements, including the cessation ofhyperinflation by eliminating the use of the Zimbabwe dollar andremoving price controls. The economy is registering its first growthin a decade, but will be reliant on further political improvementfor greater growth.
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@2117
Field Listing :: Pipelines
This entry gives the lengths and types of pipelines for transporting products like natural gas, crude oil, or petroleum products. Country
Pipelines(km)
Afghanistangas 466 km (2009)
Albaniagas 339 km; oil 207 km (2009)
Algeriacondensate 1,937 km; gas 14,648 km; liquid petroleum gas2,933 km; oil 7,579 km (2009)
Angolagas 2 km; oil 87 km (2009)
Argentinagas 28,248 km; liquid petroleum gas 41 km; oil 5,977 km;refined products 3,636 km (2009)
Armeniagas 2,233 km (2009)
Australiagas 27,105 km; liquid petroleum gas 240 km; oil 3,258 km;oil/gas/water 1 km (2009)
Austriagas 2,721 km; oil 663 km; refined products 157 km (2009)
Azerbaijancondensate 1 km; gas 3,361 km; oil 1,424 km (2009)
Bahraingas 20 km; oil 32 km (2009)
Bangladeshgas 2,597 km (2009)
Belarusgas 5,250 km; oil 1,528 km; refined products 1,730 km (2009)
Belgiumgas 1,330 km; oil 158 km; refined products 535 km (2009)
Boliviagas 5,192 km; liquid petroleum gas 51 km; oil 2,488 km;refined products 1,590 km (2009)
Brazilcondensate/gas 62 km; gas 9,989 km; liquid petroleum gas 353km; oil 4,517 km; refined products 4,465 km (2009)
Bruneigas 37 km; oil 18 km (2009)
Bulgariagas 2,926 km; oil 339 km; refined products 156 km (2009)
Burmagas 2,228 km; oil 558 km (2009)
Cameroonoil 889 km (2009)
Canadacrude and refined oil 23,564 km; liquid petroleum gas 74,980km (2009)
Chadoil 250 km (2009)
Chilegas 2,673 km; liquid petroleum gas 519 km; oil 892 km; refinedproducts 769 km (2009)
Chinagas 32,545 km; oil 20,097 km; refined products 10,915 km (2009)
Colombiagas 4,567 km; oil 6,097 km; refined products 3,382 km (2009)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the gas 37 km; oil 39 km; refined products 756 km (2009)
Congo, Republic of thegas 7 km; oil 211 km (2009)
Costa Ricarefined products 796 km (2009)
Cote d'Ivoirecondensate 86 km; gas 180 km; oil 92 km (2009)
Croatiagas 1,327 km; oil 583 km (2009)
Cubagas 41 km; oil 230 km (2009)
Czech Republicgas 7,010 km; oil 547 km; refined products 94 km(2009)
Denmarkgas 2,858 km; oil 107 km (2009)
Ecuadorextra heavy crude 435 km; gas 5 km; oil 1,374 km; refinedproducts 1,301 km (2009)
Egyptcondensate 320 km; condensate/gas 13 km; gas 6,262 km; liquidpetroleum gas 956 km; oil 4,319 km; oil/gas/water 3 km; refinedproducts 895 km; unknown 59 km (2009)
Equatorial Guineagas 38 km (2009)
Estoniagas 859 km (2009)
Finlandgas 694 km (2009)
Francegas 14,688 km; oil 2,943 km; refined products 5,080 km (2009)
Gabongas 240 km; oil 858 km (2009)
Georgiagas 1,596 km; oil 1,258 km (2009)
Germanygas 24,364 km; oil 3,379 km; refined products 3,843 km (2009)
Ghanaoil 5 km; refined products 309 km (2009)
Greecegas 1,197 km; oil 75 km (2009)
Guatemalaoil 480 km (2009)
Hungarygas 4,407 km; oil 987 km; refined products 335 km (2009)
Indiacondensate/gas 2 km; gas 7,542 km; liquid petroleum gas 2,163km; oil 7,659 km; refined products 7,201 km (2009)
Indonesiacondensate 735 km; condensate/gas 73 km; gas 5,800 km; oil5,721 km; oil/gas/water 12 km; refined products 1,370 km (2009)
Irancondensate 7 km; condensate/gas 12 km; gas 19,246 km; liquidpetroleum gas 570 km; oil 7,018 km; refined products 7,936 km (2009)
Iraqgas 2,501 km; liquid petroleum gas 918 km; oil 5,032 km;refined products 1,637 km (2009)
Irelandgas 1,550 km (2009)
Israelgas 176 km; oil 442 km; refined products 261 km (2009)
Italygas 17,558 km; oil 1,241 km (2009)
Japangas 3,879 km; oil 167 km; oil/gas/water 53 km (2009)
Jordangas 439 km; oil 49 km (2009)
Kazakhstancondensate 658 km; gas 11,146 km; oil 10,376 km; refinedproducts 1,095 km (2009)
Kenyaoil 4 km; refined products 928 km (2009)
Korea, Northoil 154 km (2009)
Korea, Southgas 1,423 km; refined products 827 km (2009)
Kuwaitgas 269 km; oil 540 km; refined products 57 km (2009)
Kyrgyzstangas 254 km; oil 16 km (2009)
Laosrefined products 540 km (2009)
Latviagas 948 km; refined products 415 km (2009)
Lebanongas 43 km (2009)
Libyacondensate 776 km; gas 2,860 km; oil 6,987 km (2009)
Liechtensteingas 20 km (2009)
Lithuaniagas 1,695 km; refined products 114 km (2009)
Luxembourggas 155 km (2009)
Macedoniagas 268 km; oil 120 km (2009)
Malaysiacondensate 3 km; gas 1,965 km; oil 31 km; refined products114 km (2009)
Mexicogas 22,705 km; liquid petroleum gas 1,875 km; oil 8,688 km;oil/gas/water 228 km; refined products 6,520 km (2009)
Moldovagas 1,906 km (2009)
Moroccogas 830 km; oil 439 km (2009)
Mozambiquegas 918 km; refined products 278 km (2009)
Netherlandsgas 3,816 km; oil 365 km; refined products 716 km (2009)
New Zealandcondensate 331 km; gas 1,838 km; liquid petroleum gas172 km; oil 288 km; refined products 198 km (2009)
Nicaraguaoil 54 km (2009)
Nigeriacondensate 26 km; gas 2,565 km; liquid petroleum gas 97 km;oil 3,424 km; refined products 4,090 km (2009)
Norwaycondensate 31 km; gas 64 km (2009)
Omangas 4,209 km; oil 3,558 km; refined products 263 km (2009)
Pakistangas 10,402 km; oil 2,011 km; refined products 787 km (2009)
Papua New Guineaoil 195 km (2009)
Peruextra heavy crude 533 km; gas 1,083 km; liquid petroleum gas677 km; oil 1,018 km; refined products 15 km (2009)
Philippinesoil 107 km; refined products 112 km (2009)
Polandgas 13,631 km; oil 1,384 km; refined products 777 km (2009)
Portugalgas 1,098 km; oil 11 km; refined products 188 km (2009)
Qatarcondensate 145 km; condensate/gas 132 km; gas 980 km; liquidpetroleum gas 90 km; oil 382 km (2009)
Romaniagas 3,588 km; oil 2,424 km (2009)
Russiacondensate 122 km; gas 159,552 km; liquid petroleum gas 127km; oil 74,285 km; refined products 13,658 km (2009)
Saudi Arabiacondensate 212 km; gas 1,880 km; liquid petroleum gas1,183 km; oil 4,241 km; refined products 1,148 km (2009)
Senegalgas 43 km; refined products 8 km (2009)
Serbiagas 1,921 km; oil 323 km (2009)
Singaporegas 106 km (2009)
Slovakiagas 6,769 km; oil 416 km (2009)
Sloveniagas 840 km; oil 11 km (2009)
South Africacondensate 11 km; gas 908 km; oil 980 km; refinedproducts 1,379 km (2009)
Spaingas 7,738 km; oil 560 km; refined products 3,445 km (2009)
Sudangas 156 km; oil 4,070 km; refined products 1,613 km (2009)
Surinameoil 50 km (2009)
Swedengas 786 km (2009)
Switzerlandgas 1,662 km; oil 94 km; refined products 7 km (2009)
Syriagas 3,101 km; oil 1,997 km (2009)
Taiwangas 405 km (2009)
Tajikistangas 549 km; oil 38 km (2009)
Tanzaniagas 254 km; oil 888 km; refined products 8 km (2009)
Thailandgas 1,348 km; refined products 323 km (2009)
Trinidad and Tobagogas 659 km; oil 336 km (2009)
Tunisiagas 2,179 km; oil 1,285 km; refined products 372 km (2009)
Turkeygas 10,630 km; oil 3,636 km (2009)
Turkmenistangas 6,417 km; oil 1,457 km (2009)
Ukrainegas 33,327 km; oil 4,514 km; refined products 4,211 km (2009)
United Arab Emiratescondensate 458 km; gas 2,152 km; liquidpetroleum gas 220 km; oil 1,310 km; refined products 212 km (2009)
United Kingdomcondensate 43 km; gas 7,992 km; liquid petroleum gas59 km; oil 699 km; refined products 4,417 km (2009)
United Statespetroleum products 244,620 km; natural gas 548,665 km(2009)
Uruguaygas 226 km; oil 155 km (2009)
Uzbekistangas 9,706 km; oil 868 km (2009)
Venezuelaextra heavy crude 980 km; gas 5,258 km; oil 6,695 km;refined products 1,484 km; unknown 141 km (2009)
Vietnamcondensate/gas 42 km; gas 66 km; refined products 206 km(2009)
Yemengas 423 km; liquid petroleum gas 22 km; oil 1,367 km (2009)
Zambiaoil 771 km (2009)
Zimbabwerefined products 270 km (2009)
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@2118
Field Listing :: Political parties and leaders
This entry includes a listing of significant political organizationsand their leaders.Country
Political parties and leaders
AfghanistanAfghanistan Peoples' Treaty Party [Sayyed Amir TAHSEEN];Afghanistan's Islamic Mission Organization [Abdul Rasoul SAYYAF];Afghanistan's Islamic Nation Party [Toran Noor Aqa Ahmad ZAI];Afghanistan's National Islamic Party [Rohullah LOUDIN];Afghanistan's Welfare Party [Meer Asef ZAEEFI]; Afghan SocialDemocratic Party [Anwarul Haq AHADI]; Afghan Society for the Call tothe Koran and Sunna [Mawlawee Samiullah NAJEEBEE]; ComprehensiveMovement of Democracy and Development of Afghanistan Party [SherMohammad BAZGAR]; Democratic Party of Afghanistan [Al-hajj MohammadTawos ARAB]; Democratic Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Kabir RANJBAR];Elites People of Afghanistan Party [Abdul Hamid JAWAD]; Freedom andDemocracy Movement of Afghanistan [Abdul Raqib Jawid KOHISTANEE];Freedom Party of Afghanistan [Abdul MALEK]; Freedom Party ofAfghanistan [Dr. Ghulam Farooq NEJRABEE]; Hizullah-e-Afghanistan[Qari Ahmad ALI]; Human Rights Protection and Development Party ofAfghanistan [Baryalai NASRATI]; Islamic Justice Party of Afghanistan[Mohammad Kabir MARZBAN]; Islamic Movement of Afghanistan [MohammadAli JAWID]; Islamic Movement of Afghanistan Party [Mohammad MukhtarMUFLEH]; Islamic Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad Khalid FAROOQI,Abdul Hadi ARGHANDIWAL]; Islamic Party of the Afghan Land [MohammadHassan FEROZKHEL]; Islamic People's Movement of Afghanistan [Al-hajSaid Hussain ANWARY]; Islamic Society of Afghanistan [UstadRABBANI]; Islamic Unity of the Nation of Afghanistan Party [QurbanAli URFANI]; Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad KarimKHALILI]; Islamic Unity Party of the People of Afghanistan [HajiMohammad MOHAQQEQ]; Labor and Progress of Afghanistan Party[Zulfiqar OMID]; Muslim People of Afghanistan Party [BesmellahJOYAN]; Muslim Unity Movement Party of Afghanistan [Wazir MohammadWAHDAT]; National and Islamic Sovereignty Movement Party ofAfghanistan [Ahmad Shah AHMADZAI]; National Congress Party ofAfghanistan [Abdul Latif PEDRAM]; National Country Party [GhulamMOHAMMAD]; National Development Party of Afghanistan [Dr. AssefBAKTASH]; National Freedom Seekers Party [Abdul Hadi DABEER];National Independence Party of Afghanistan [Taj Mohammad WARDAK];National Islamic Fighters Party of Afghanistan [Amanat NINGARHAREE];National Islamic Front of Afghanistan [Pir Sayed Ahmad GAILANEE];National Islamic Moderation Party of Afghanistan [Qara BaikIZADYAR]; National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan [Sayed NOORULLAH]National Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad AKBAREE];National Movement of Afghanistan [Ahmad Wali MASOOUD]; NationalParty of Afghanistan [Abdul Rashid ARYAN]; National Patch ofAfghanistan Party [Sayed Kamal SADAT]; National Peace Islamic Partyof Afghanistan [Shah Mohammood Popal ZAI]; National Peace & IslamicParty of the Tribes of Afghanistan [Abdul Qaher SHARIATEE]; NationalPeace & Unity Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Qader IMAMI]; NationalProsperity and Islamic Party of Afghanistan [Mohammad OsmanSALEKZADA]; National Prosperity Party [Mohammad Hassan JAHFAREE];National Solidarity Movement of Afghanistan [Pir Sayed EshaqGAILANEE]; National Solidarity Party of Afghanistan [Sayed MansoorNADREEI]; National Sovereignty Party [Sayed Mustafa KAZEMI];National Stability Party [Mohammad Same KHAROTI]; National StanceParty [Habibullah JANEBDAR]; National Tribal Unity Islamic Party ofAfghanistan [Mohammad Shah KHOGYANI]; National Unity Movement[Sultan Mohammad GHAZI]; National Unity Movement of Afghanistan[Mohammad Nadir AATASH]; National Unity Party of Afghanistan [AbdulRashid JALILI]; New Afghanistan Party [Mohammad Yunis QANUNI]; Peaceand National Welfare Activists Society [Shamsul al-Haq Noor SHAMS];Peace Movement [Shahnawaz TANAI]; People's Aspirations Party ofAfghanistan [Ilhaj Saraj-u-din ZAFAREE]; People's Freedom SeekersParty of Afghanistan [Feda Mohammad EHSAS]; People's Liberal FreedomSeekers Party of Afghanistan [Ajmal SUHAIL]; People's Message Partyof Afghanistan [Noor Aqa WAINEE]; People's Movement of the NationalUnity of Afghanistan [Abdul Hakim NOORZAI]; People's Party ofAfghanistan [Ahmad Shah ASAR]; People's Prosperity Party ofAfghanistan [Ustad Mohammad ZAREEF]; People's Sovereignty Movementof Afghanistan [Hayatullah SUBHANEE]; People's Uprising Party ofAfghanistan [Sayed Zahir Qayedam Al-BELADI]; People's Welfare Partyof Afghanistan [Miagul WASIQ]; People's Welfare Party of Afghanistan[Mohammad Zubair PAIROZ]; Progressive Democratic Party ofAfghanistan [Mohammad Wali ARYA]; Republican Party [SebghatullahSANJAR]; Solidarity Party of Afghanistan [Abdul Khaleq NEMAT]; TheAfghanistan's Mujahid Nation's Islamic Unity Movement [SaeedullahSAEED]; The People of Afghanistan's Democratic Movement [MohammadSharif NAZARI]; Tribes Solidarity Party of Afghanistan [MohammadZarif NASERI]; Understanding and Democracy Party of Afghanistan[Ahamad SHAHEEN]United Afghanistan Party [Mohammad Wasil RAHIMEE]; United IslamicParty of Afghanistan [Wahidullah SABAWOON]; Young Afghanistan'sIslamic Organization [Sayed Jawad HUSSINEE]; Youth Solidarity Partyof Afghanistan [Mohammad Jamil KARZAI]; note - includes onlypolitical parties approved by the Ministry of Justice
AlbaniaDemocratic Party or PD [Sali BERISHA]; Party for Justice andIntegration or PDI [Tahir MUCHEDINI]; Republican Party or PR [FatmirMEDIU]; Socialist Movement for Integration or LSI [Ilir META];Socialist Party or PS [Edi RAMA]; Unity for Humen Rights Party orPBDNJ [Vangjel DULE]
AlgeriaAhd 54 [Ali Fauzi REBAINE]; Algerian National Front or FNA[Moussa TOUATI]; National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement NationalDemocratique) or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA]; National Liberation Front orFLN [Abdelaziz BELKHADEM, secretary general]; National ReformMovement or Islah [Ahmed ABDESLAM] (formerly MRN); Rally for Cultureand Democracy or RCD [Said SADI]; Renaissance Movement or EnNahdaMovement [Fatah RABEI]; Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Hocine AitAHMED]; Society of Peace Movement or MSP [Boudjerra SOLTANI];Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enactedin March 1997
American SamoaDemocratic Party [Oreta M. TOGAFAU]; Republican Party[Tautai A. F. FAALEVAO]
AndorraAndorra for Change [Juan Eusebio NOMEN CALVET]; Greens ofAndorra [Isabel LOZANO MUNOZ]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA [JoanGABRIEL i ESTANY] (formerly Liberal Union or UL); New Center [VicencMATEU] (formerly Andorran Democratic Center Party); ReformistCoalition [Joan GABRIEL i ESTANY] (includes the Liberal Party andNew Center); Social Democratic Party or PS [Jaume BARTUMEU CASSANY](formerly part of National Democratic Group or AND)
AngolaNational Front for the Liberation of Angola or FNLA [NgolaKABANGU]; National Union for the Total Independence of Angola orUNITA [Isaias SAMAKUVA] (largest opposition party); New DemocracyElectoral Union or ND [Quintino de MOREIRA]; Popular Movement forthe Liberation of Angola or MPLA [Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS] (rulingparty in power since 1975); Social Renewal Party or PRS [EduardoKUANGANA]note: nine other parties participated in the legislative election inSeptember 2008 but won no seats
AnguillaAnguilla Progressive Party or APP [Roy ROGERS]; AnguillaStrategic Alternative or ANSA [Edison BAIRD]; Anguilla United Frontor AUF [Osbourne FLEMING, Victor BANKS] (a coalition of the AnguillaDemocratic Party or ADP and the Anguilla National Alliance or ANA);Anguilla United Movement or AUM [Hubert HUGHES]
Antigua and BarbudaAntigua Labor Party or ALP [Lester Bryant BIRD];Barbuda People's Movement or BPM [Thomas H. FRANK]; Barbuda People'sMovement for Change [Arthur NIBBS]; Barbudans for a Better Barbuda[Ordrick SAMUEL]; United Progressive Party or UPP [Baldwin SPENCER](a coalition of three parties - Antigua Caribbean LiberationMovement or ACLM, Progressive Labor Movement or PLM, United NationalDemocratic Party or UNDP)
ArgentinaCivic and Social Accord or ACyS (a broad center-leftalliance-including the CC, UCR, and Socialist parties-created aheadof the 2009 legislative elections); Civic Coalition or CC (a broadcoalition loosely affiliated with Elisa CARRIO); Dissident Peronistsor PJ Disidente (a sector of the Justicialist Party opposed to theKirchners); Front for Victory or FpV (a broad coalition, includingelements of the UCR and numerous provincial parties) [CristinaFERNANDEZ DE KIRCHNER]; Interbloque Federal or IF (a broad coalitionof approximately 12 parties including PRO); Justicialist Party or PJ[Daniel SCIOLI]; Radical Civic Union or UCR [Ernesto SANZ];Republican Proposal or PRO [Mauricio MACRI] (including FederalRecreate Movement or RECREAR [Esteban BULLRICH]; Socialist Party orPS [Ruben GIUSTINIANI]; Union For All [Patricia BULLRICH](associated with the Civic Coalition); numerous provincial parties
ArmeniaArmenian National Congress or ANC (bloc of independent andopposition parties) [Levon TER-PETROSSIAN]; Armenian NationalMovement or ANM [Ararat ZURABIAN]; Armenian Revolutionary Federation("Dashnak" Party) or ARF [Hrant MARKARIAN]; Heritage Party [RaffiHOVHANNISIAN]; People's Party of Armenia [Stepan DEMIRCHIAN];Prosperous Armenia [Gagik TSARUKIAN]; Republican Party of Armenia orHHK [Serzh SARGSIAN]; Rule of Law Party (Orinats Yerkir) [ArturBAGHDASARIAN]
ArubaAliansa/Aruban Social Movement or MSA [Robert WEVER]; ArubanLiberal Organization or OLA [Glenbert CROES]; Aruban PatrioticMovement or MPA [Monica ARENDS-KOCK]; Aruban Patriotic Party or PPA[Benny NISBET]; Aruban People's Party or AVP [Mike EMAN]; People'sElectoral Movement Party or MEP [Nelson O. ODUBER]; Real Democracyor PDR [Andin BIKKER]; RED [Rudy LAMPE]; Workers Political Platformor PTT [Gregorio WOLFF]
AustraliaAustralian Greens [Bob BROWN]; Australian Labor Party[Julia GILLARD]; Family First Party [Steve FIELDING]; Liberal Party[Tony ABBOTT]; The Nationals [Warren TRUSS]
AustriaAlliance for the Future of Austria or BZOe [Josef BUCHER];Austrian People's Party or OeVP [Josef PROELL]; Freedom Party ofAustria or FPOe [Heinz Christian STRACHE]; Social Democratic Partyof Austria or SPOe [Werner FAYMANN]; The Greens [Eva GLAWISCHNIG]
AzerbaijanAzerbaijan Democratic Party or ADP [Sardar JALALOGLU];Civil Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLI]; Civil UnityParty [Sabir HACIYEV]; Classic People's Front of Azerbaijan[Mirmahmud MIRALI-OGLU]; Democratic Reform Party [Asim MOLLAZADE];Great Creation Party [Fazil Gazanfaroglu MUSTAFAYEV]; Hope (Umid)Party [Iqbal AGAZADE]; Justice Party [Ilyas ISMAYILOV]; LiberalParty of Azerbaijan [Lala Shovkat HACIYEVA]; Motherland Party[Fazail AGAMALI]; Musavat (Equality) [Isa GAMBAR, chairman]; OpenSociety Party [Rasul GULIYEV, in exile in the US]; Social DemocraticParty of Azerbaijan or SDP [Araz ALIZADE and Ayaz MUTALIBOV (inexile)]; Social Welfare Party [Hussein KAZIMLI]; United PopularAzerbaijan Front Party or AXCP [Ali KARIMLI]; Whole AzerbaijanPopular Front Party [Gudrat HASANGULIYEV]; Yeni (New) AzerbaijanParty or YAP [President Ilham ALIYEV]note: opposition parties regularly factionalize and form new parties
Bahamas, TheFree National Movement or FNM [Hubert INGRAHAM];Progressive Liberal Party or PLP [Perry CHRISTIE]
Bahrainpolitical parties prohibited but political societies werelegalized per a July 2005 law
BangladeshAwami League or AL [Sheikh HASINA]; Bangladesh CommunistParty or BCP [Manjurul A. KHAN]; Bangladesh Nationalist Party or BNP[Khaleda ZIA]; Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh or BDB [BadrudozzaCHOWDHURY]; Islami Oikya Jote or IOJ [multiple leaders];Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh or JIB [Matiur Rahman NIZAMI]; JatiyaParty or JP (Ershad faction) [Hussain Mohammad ERSHAD]; LiberalDemocratic Party or LDP [Oli AHMED]
BarbadosBarbados Labor Party or BLP [Owen ARTHUR]; Democratic LaborParty or DLP [Freundel STUART]; People's Empowerment Party or PEP[David COMISSIONG]
Belaruspro-government parties: Belarusian Agrarian Party or AP[Mikhail SHIMANSKY]; Belarusian Patriotic Movement (BelarusianPatriotic Party) or BPR [Nikolay ULAKHOVICH, chairman]; CommunistParty of Belarus or KPB [Tatsyana HOLUBEVA]; Liberal DemocraticParty or LDP [Sergey GAYDUKEVICH]; Republican Party of Labor andJustice [Vasiliy ZADNEPRYANYY]opposition parties: Belarusian Christian Democracy Party [PavelSEVERINETS] (unregistered); Belarusian Party of Communists or PKB[Sergey KALYAKIN]; Belarusian Party of Labor [Aleksandr BUKHVOSTOV](unregistered); Belarusian Popular Front or BPF [AlekseyYANUKEVICH]; Belarusian Social-Democratic Hramada [StanislavSHUSHKEVICH]; Belarusian Social Democratic Party Hramada("Assembly") or BSDPH [Anatoliy LEVKOVICH]; Belarusian SocialDemocratic Party People's Assembly ("Narodnaya Hramada") [NikolaySTATKEVICH] (unregistered); Belarusian Women's Party Nadzeya("Hope") [Yelena YESKOVA, chairperson]; Christian Conservative Partyor BPF [Zyanon PAZNIAK]; European Belarus Campaign [AndreySANNIKOV]; Party of Freedom and Progress [Vladimir NOVOSYAD](unregistered); "Tell the Truth" Campaign [Vladimir NEKLYAYEV];United Civic Party or UCP [Anatoliy LEBEDKO]
BelgiumFlemish parties: Christian Democratic and Flemish or CDV[Wouter BEKE]; Dedecker List or LDD [Lode VEREECK]; Flemish Liberalsand Democrats or Open VLD [Alexander DE CROO]; Groen! [Wouter VANBESIEN] (formerly AGALEV, Flemish Greens); New Flemish Alliance orN-VA [Bart DE WEVER]; Social Progressive Alternative or SP.A[Caroline GENNEZ]; Vlaams Belang (Flemish Interest) or VB [BrunoVALKENIERS]Francophone parties: Ecolo (Francophone Greens) [Jean-Michel JAVAUX,Sarah TURINE]; Humanist and Democratic Center or CDH [JoelleMILQUET]; Popular Party or PP [ Mischael MODRIKAMEN]; ReformMovement or MR [Didier REYNDERS]; Socialist Party or PS [Elio DIRUPO]; other minor parties
BelizeNational Alliance for Belizean Rights or NABR; NationalReform Party or NRP [Cornelius DUECK]; People's National Party orPNP [Wil MAHEIA]; People's United Party or PUP [John BRICENO];United Democratic Party or UDP [Dean BARROW]; Vision Inspired by thePeople or VIP [Paul MORGAN]; We the People Reform Movement or WTP[Hipolito BAUTISTA]
BeninAfrican Movement for Democracy and Progress or MADEP [SefouFAGBOHOUN]; Alliance for Dynamic Democracy or ADD; Alliance ofProgress Forces or AFP; Benin Renaissance or RB [Rosine SOGLO];Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Adrien HOUNGBEDJI]; Force Cowriefor an Emerging Benin or FCBE; Impulse for Progress and Democracy orIPD [Theophile NATA]; Key Force or FC [Lazare SEHOUETO]; Movementfor the People's Alternative or MAP [Olivier CAPO-CHICHI]; Rally forDemocracy and Progress or RDP [Dominique HOUNGNINOU]; SocialDemocrat Party or PSD [Bruno AMOUSSOU]; Union for Democracy andNational Solidarity or UDS [Sacca LAFIA]; Union for the Relief orUPR [Issa SALIFOU]note: approximately 20 additional minor parties
BermudaProgressive Labor Party or PLP [Ewart BROWN]; United BermudaParty or UBP [Kim SWAN]
BhutanBhutan Peace and Prosperity Party (Druk Phuensum Tshogpa) orDPT [Jigme THINLEY]; People's Democratic Party or PDP [TsheringTOBGAY]
BoliviaBolivia-National Convergence or PPB-CN [Manfred REYESVILLA]; Fearless Movement or MSM [Juan DE GRANADO Cosio]; MovementToward Socialism or MAS [Juan Evo MORALES Ayma]; National Unity orUN [Samuel DORIA MEDINA Arana]; People or Gente [Roman LOAYZA];Social Alliance or AS [Rene JOAQUINO]
Bosnia and HerzegovinaAlliance for a Better Future of BiH orSBB-BiH [ Fahrudin RADONCIC]; Alliance of Independent SocialDemocrats or SNSD [Milorad DODIK]; Bosnian Party or BOSS [MirnesAJANOVIC]; Bosnian Patriotic Party or BPS [Sefer HALILOVIC]; CivicDemocratic Party or GDS [Ibrahim SPAHIC]; Croat Party of Rights orHSP [Zvonko JURISIC]; Croat Peasants' Party-New Croat Initiative orHSS-NHI [Ante COLAK]; Croatian Christian Democratic Union of Bosniaand Herzegovina or HKDU [Ivan MUSA]; Croatian Democratic Union ofBosnia and Herzegovina or HDZ-BiH [Dragan COVIC]; CroatianDemocratic Union 1990 or HDZ-1990 [Bozo LJUBIC]; Croatian PeoplesUnion [Milenko BRKIC]; Democratic National Union or DNZ [RifatDOLIC]; Democratic Party or DP [Dragan CAVIC]; Democratic Peoples'Alliance or DNS [Marko PAVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS[Rasim KADIC]; Nasa Stranka or NS [NA; leadership elections late2010/early 2011]; New Socialist Party or NSP [Zdravko KRSMANOVIC];Party for Bosnia and Herzegovina or SBiH [Haris SILAJDZIC]; Party ofDemocratic Action or SDA [Sulejman TIHIC]; Party of DemocraticProgress or PDP [Mladen IVANIC]; Peoples' Party of Work for Progressor NSRzB [Mladen IVANKOVIC-LIJANOVIC]; Serb Democratic Party or SDS[Mladen BOSIC]; Serb Radical Party of the Republika Srpska or SRS-RS[Milanko MIHAJLICA]; Serb Radical Party-Dr. Vojislav Seselj orSRS-VS [Mirko BLAGOJEVIC]; Social Democratic Party of BiH or SDP BiH[Zlatko LAGUMDZIJA]; Social Democratic Union or SDU [NerminPECANAC]; Socialist Party of Republika Srpska or SPRS [Petar DJOKIC]
BotswanaBotswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim LepetuSETSHWAELO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Gilson SALESHANDO];Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Daniel KWELAGOBE]; BotswanaNational Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Peoples Party orBPP [Bernard BALIKANI]; MELS Movement of Botswana or MELS [ThembaJOINA]; New Democratic Front or NDF [Dick BAYFORD]note: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form theBAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats - includes theUnited Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; the IndependenceFreedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO]; the Botswana Progressive Union[D. K. KWELE]
BrazilBrazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Federal DeputyMichel TEMER]; Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Roberto JEFFERSON];Brazilian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB [Jose Levy FIDELIX da Cruz];Brazilian Republican Party or PRB [Vitor Paulo Araujo DOS SANTOS];Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Senator Sergio GUERRA];Brazilian Socialist Party or PSB [Governor Eduardo Henrique AcciolyCAMPOS]; Christian Labor Party or PTC [Daniel TOURINHO]; CommunistParty of Brazil or PCdoB [Jose Renato RABELO]; Democratic LaborParty or PDT [Carlos Roberto LUPI]; the Democrats or DEM [FederalDeputy Rodrigo MAIA] (formerly Liberal Front Party or PFL); Freedomand Socialism Party or PSOL [Heloisa HELENA]; Green Party or PV[Jose Luiz de Franca PENNA]; Humanist Party of Solidarity or PHS[Paulo Roberto MATOS]; Labor Party of Brazil or PTdoB [Luis Henriquede Oliveira RESENDE]; Liberal Front Party or PFL (now known as theDemocrats or DEM); National Mobilization Party or PMN [Oscar NoronhaFILHO]; Party of the Republic or PR [Sergio TAMER]; PopularSocialist Party or PPS [Federal Deputy Fernando CORUJA]; ProgressiveParty or PP [Francisco DORNELLES]; Social Christian Party or PSC[Vitor Jorge Abdala NOSSEIS]; Workers' Party or PT [Jose EduardoDUTRA]
British Virgin IslandsConcerned Citizens Movement or CCM [EthlynSMITH]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Orlando SMITH]; UnitedParty or UP [Gregory MADURO]; Virgin Islands Party or VIP [Ralph T.O'NEAL]
BruneiNational Development Party or NDP [YASSIN Affendi]note: Brunei National Solidarity Party or PPKB [Abdul LATIF binChuchu] and People's Awareness Party or PAKAR [Awang Haji MAIDIN binHaji Ahmad] were deregistered in 2007; parties are small and havelimited activity
BulgariaAgrarian National Union or ANU [Stefan LICHEV]; ATAKA(Attack party) [Volen SIDEROV]; Blue Coalition [Ivan KOSTOV andMartin DIMITROV] (a coalition of center-right parties dominated byUDF and DSB); Bulgarian New Democracy [Borislav RALCHEV]; BulgarianSocialist Party or BSP [Sergei STANISHEV]; Citizens for the EuropeanDevelopment of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISSOV]; Coalition forBulgaria or CfB [Sergei STANISHEV] (coalition of parties dominatedby BSP); Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Ivan KOSTOV];Gergyovden [Petar STOYANOVICH]; Internal Macedonian RevolutionaryOrganization or IMRO [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV]; Liberal Initiative forDemocratic European Development or LIDER [Khristo KOVACHKI];Movement for Rights and Freedoms or MRF [Ahmed DOGAN]; NationalMovement for Stability and Progress or NDSV [Hristina HRISTOVA](formerly National Movement Simeon II or NMS2); New Time [EmilKOSHLUKOV]; Order, Law, Justice or RZS [Yane YANEV]; Union ofDemocratic Forces or UDF [Martin DIMITROV]; Union of Free Democratsor UFD [Stefan SOFIYANSKI]; United Agrarians [Anastasia MOZER]
Burkina FasoAfrican Democratic Rally-Alliance for Democracy andFederation or ADF-RDA [Gilbert OUEDRAOGO]; Citizen's Popular Rallyor RPC [Antoine QUARE]; Coalition of Democratic Forces of Burkina orCFD-B [Amadou Diemdioda DICKO]; Congress for Democracy and Progressor CDP [Roch Marc-Christian KABORE]; Democratic and Popular Rally orRDP [Nana THIBAUT]; Movement for Tolerance and Progress or MTP[Nayabtigungou Congo KABORE]; Party for African Independence or PAI[Soumane TOURE]; Party for Democracy and Progress-Socialist Party orPDP-PS [Ali LANKOANDE]; Party for Democracy and Socialism or PDS[Felix SOUBEIGA]; Party for National Rebirth or PAREN [JeanneTRAORE]; Rally for the Development of Burkina or RDB [AntoineKARGOUGOU]; Rally of Ecologists of Burkina Faso or RDEB [RamOUEDRAGO]; Republican Party for Integration and Solidarity or PARIS;Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Fidele HIEN]; Unionfor Rebirth - Sankarist Movement or UNIR-MS [Benewende STANISLAS];Union for the Republic or UPR [Toussaint Abel COULIBALY]; Union ofSankarist Parties or UPS [Ernest Nongma OUEDRAOGO]
BurmaAll Mon Region Democracy Party or AMRDP; National DemocraticForce or NDF [KHIN MAUNG SWE]; National League for Democracy or NLD[AUNG SHWE, AUNG SAN SUU KYI]; note - the party is defunct becauseit did not register for the 2010 election; National Unity Party orNUP [TUN YE]; Rakhine Nationalities Development Party or RNDP; ShanNationalities League for Democracy or SNLD [HKUN HTUN OO]; UnionSolidarity and Development Party or USDP [THEIN SEIN]; numeroussmaller parties
Burundigoverning parties: Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU[Leonce NGENDAKUMANA]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy- Front for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD-FDD [JeremieNGENDAKUMANA]; Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [BonaventureNIYOYANKANA]note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are:National Council for the Defense of Democracy or CNDD [LeonardNYANGOMA]; National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation ofthe Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Partyfor National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]
CambodiaCambodian People's Party or CPP [CHEA SIM]; Human RightsParty or HRP [KHEM SOKHA, also spelled KEM SOKHA]; National UnitedFront for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and CooperativeCambodia or FUNCINPEC [KEV PUT REAKSMEI]; Nationalist Party or NP[CHHIM SEAK LENG] (formerly the NRP); Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAMRANGSI, also spelled SAM RAINSY]
CameroonCameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA];Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]; Movementfor the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movementfor the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [MarcelYONDO]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [MaigariBELLO BOUBA]; Progressive Movement or MP; Social Democratic Front orSDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [AugustinFrederic KODOCK]
CanadaBloc Quebecois [Gilles DUCEPPE]; Conservative Party of Canada[Stephen HARPER] (a merger of the Canadian Alliance and theProgressive Conservative Party); Green Party [Elizabeth MAY];Liberal Party [Michael IGNATIEFF]; New Democratic Party [Jack LAYTON]
Cape VerdeAfrican Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV[Jose Maria Pereira NEVES, chairman]; Democratic and IndependentCape Verdean Union or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO]; Democratic ChristianParty or PDC [Manuel RODRIGUES]; Democratic Renovation Party or PRD[Victor FIDALGO]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Jorge SANTOS];Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO]; Partyof Work and Solidarity or PTS [Isaias RODRIGUES]; Social DemocraticParty or PSD [Joao ALEM]
Cayman IslandsPeople's Progressive Movement or PPM [Kurt TIBBETTS];United Democratic Party or UDP [McKeeva BUSH]
Central African RepublicAlliance for Democracy and Progress or ADP[Jacques MBOLIEDAS]; Central African Democratic Rally or RDC [AndreKOLINGBA]; Civic Forum or FC [Gen. Timothee MALENDOMA]; DemocraticForum for Modernity or FODEM [Charles MASSI]; Liberal DemocraticParty or PLD [Nestor KOMBO-NAGUEMON]; Londo Association or LONDO;Movement for Democracy and Development or MDD [David DACKO];Movement for the Liberation of the Central African People or MLPC[Ange-Felix PATASSE] (the party of deposed president); NationalConvergence or KNK; National Unity Party or PUN [Jean-PaulNGOUPANDE]; Patriotic Front for Progress or FPP [Abel GOUMBA];People's Union for the Republic or UPR [Pierre Sammy MAKFOY]; SocialDemocratic Party or PSD [Enoch LAKOUE]
ChadFederation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR];National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Delwa KassireKOUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [SalehKEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni OumarMahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat SalehAHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [LolMahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. WadalAbdelkader KAMOUGUE]
ChileBroad Social Movement or MAS; Clean Chile Vote Happy or CLVF(including Broad Social Movement, Country Force, and RegionalistParty of Independents or PRI); Coalition for Change or CC (formerlyknown as the Alliance for Chile (Alianza) or APC) (includingNational Renewal or RN [Carlos LARRAIN Pena], Independent DemocraticUnion or UDI [Juan Antonio COLOMA Correa], and Chile First [VladoMIROSEVIC]); Coalition of Parties for Democracy (Concertacion) orCPD (including Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Ignacio WALKER],Party for Democracy or PPD [Carolina TOHA Morales], Radical SocialDemocratic Party or PRSD [Jose Antonio GOMEZ Urrutia], and SocialistParty or PS [Osvaldo ANDRADE]); Partido Ecologista del Sur; TogetherWe Can Do More (including Communist Party or PC [Guillermo TEILLIERdel Valle], and Humanist Party or PH [Danilo MONTEVERDE])
ChinaChinese Communist Party or CCP [HU Jintao]; eight registeredsmall parties controlled by CCP
Christmas Islandnone
Cocos (Keeling) Islandsnone
ColombiaAlternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Clara LOPEZ];Conservative Party or PC [Fernando ARAUJO]; Green Party [LuisGARZON]; Liberal Party or PL [Rafael PARDO]; National IntegrationParty or PIN [Angel ALIRIO Moreno]; Radical Change or CR [GermanVARGAS Lleras]; Social National Unity Party or U Party [JuanFrancisco LOZANO Ramirez]note: Colombia has seven major political parties, and numeroussmaller movements
ComorosCamp of the Autonomous Islands or CdIA (a coalition ofparties organized by the islands' presidents in opposition to theUnion President); Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros or CRC[AZALI Assowmani]; Front National pour la Justice or FNJ [AhmedRACHID] (Islamic party in opposition); Mouvement pour la Democratieet le Progress or MDP-NGDC [Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Parti Comorien pour laDemocratie et le Progress or PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE]; RassemblementNational pour le Development or RND [Omar TAMOU, AbdoulhamidAFFRAITANE]
Congo, Democratic Republic of theChristian Democrat Party or PDC[Jose ENDUNDO]; Congolese Rally for Democracy or RCD [AzariasRUBERWA]; Convention of Christian Democrats or CDC; Forces ofRenewal or FR [Mbusa NYAMWISI]; Movement for the Liberation of theCongo or MLC [Jean-Pierre BEMBA]; People's Party for Reconstructionand Democracy or PPRD [Joseph KABILA]; Social Movement for Renewalor MSR [Pierre LUMBI]; Unified Lumumbist Party or PALU [AntoineGIZENGA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [EtienneTSHISEKEDI]; Union of Mobutuist Democrats or UDEMO [MOBUTU Nzanga]
Congo, Republic of theAction Movement for Renewal or MAR; CongoleseLabour Party or PCT; Congolese Movement for Democracy and IntegralDevelopment or MCDDI [Michel MAMPOUYA]; Movement for Solidarity andDevelopment or MSD; Pan-African Union for Social Development orUPADS [Martin MBERI]; Rally for Democracy and the Republic or RDR[Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress orRDPS [Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally of thePresidential Majority or RMP; Union for Democracy and Republic orUDR; United Democratic Forces or FDU [Sebastian EBAO]; many lessimportant parties
Cook IslandsCook Islands Party or CIP [Henry PUNA]; DemocraticParty or Demo [Dr. Terepai MAOATE]
Costa RicaAccessibility Without Exclusion or PASE [Oscar AndresLOPEZ Arias]; Citizen Action Party or PAC [Alberto CANAS Escalante];Costa Rican Renovation Party or PRC [Gerardo Justo OROZCO Alvarez];Democratic Force Party or PFD [Marco GONZALEZ Nunez]; Frente Amplio[Jose MERINO del Rio]; Homeland First or PP (Patria Primero) [JuanJose VARGAS Fallas]; Libertarian Movement Party or PML [Otto GUEVARAGuth]; National Democratic Alliance or ADN [Jose Miguel VILLALOBOSUmana]; National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes];National Liberation Party or PLN [Francisco Antonio PACHECOFernandez]; National Rescue Party or PRN [Fabio Enrique DELGADOHernandez]; National Union Party or PUN [Arturo ACOSTA Mora];Patriotic Alliance [Mariano FIGUERES Olsen]; Patriotic Union or UP[Jose Miguel CORRALES Bolanos]; Popular Vanguard [Trino BARRANTESAraya]; Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [Luis FISHMANZonzinski]; Union for Change Party or UPC [Antonio ALVAREZ Desanti]
Cote d'IvoireCitizen's Democratic Union or UDCY [Theodore MEL EG];Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire or PDCI [Henri Konan BEDIE];Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Pascale Affi N'GUESSAN]; IvorianWorker's Party or PIT [Francis WODIE]; Opposition Movement of theFuture or MFA [Innocent Augustin ANAKY]; Rally of the Republicans orRDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for Democracy and Peace in Coted'Ivoire or UDPCI [Toikeuse MABRI]; over 144 smaller registeredparties
CroatiaCroatian Democratic Congress of Slavonia and Baranja orHDSSB [Vladimir SISLJAGIC]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ[Jadranka KOSOR]; Croatian Party of the Right or HSP [Anto DJAPIC];Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Josip FRISCIC]; Croatian PensionerParty or HSU [Silvano HRELJA]; Croatian People's Party or HNS[Radimir CACIC]; Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [DarinkoKOSOR]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [VojislavSTANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC];Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Zoran MILANOVIC]
CubaCuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]
CuracaoFrente Obrero Liberashon (Workers' Liberation Front) or FOL[Anthony GODETT]; Movimentu Antiyas Nobo (New Antilles Movement) orMAN [Charles COOPER]; Movementu Futuro Korsou or MFK [GerritSCHOTTE]; Partido Antia Restruktura or PAR [Emily DE JONGH-ELHAGE];People's National Party or PNP [Ersilia DE LANNOOY]; Pueblo Soberanoor PS [Herman WIELS]
Cyprusarea under government control: Democratic Party or DIKO[Marios KAROYIAN]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADES];European Party or EURO.KO [Demetris SYLLOURIS]; Fighting DemocraticMovement or ADIK [Dinos MIKHAILIDES]; Green Party of Cyprus [GeorgePERDIKIS]; Movement for Social Democrats or EDEK [Yiannakis OMIROU];Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party)[Andros KYPRIANOU]; United Democrats or EDI [Michalis PAPAPETROU]area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Centrist Party or HP [RasitPERTEV]; Communal Democracy Party or TDP [Mehmet CAKICI]; CyprusSocialist Party or KSP [Yusuf ALKIM]; Democratic Party or DP[Serdaer DENKTASH]; Freedom and Reform Party or ORP [Turgay AVCI];National Unity Party or UBP [Dervis EROGLU]; Nationalist JusticeParty or MAP [Ata TEPE]; New Cyprus Party or YKP [Murat KANATLI];Politics for the People Party or HIS [Ahmet YONLUER]; RepublicanTurkish Party or CTP [Ferdi Sabit SOYER]; United Cyprus Party or BKP[Izzet IZCAN]
Czech RepublicAssociation of Independent Candidates-EuropeanDemocrats or SNK-ED [Zdenka MARKOVA]; Christian DemocraticUnion-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Pavel BELOBRADEK];Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Petr NECAS]; Communist Party ofBohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP]; Czech Social DemocraticParty or CSSD [Bohuslav SOBOTKA (acting)]; Green Party [OndrejLISKA]; Public Affairs (VV) [Radek JOHN]; Tradice OdpovednostProsperita 09 or TOP 09 [Karel SCHWARZENBERG]; Union ofFreedom-Democratic Union or US-DEU [Jan CERNY]
DenmarkChristian Democrats [Bjarne Hartung KIRKEGAARD] (wasChristian People's Party); Conservative Party [Lars BARFOED](sometimes known as Conservative People's Party); Danish People'sParty [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Alliance [Anders SAMUELSEN](formerly known as New Alliance); Liberal Party [Lars LoekkeRASMUSSEN]; Red-Green Unity List (Alliance) [collective leadership](bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark,Socialist Workers' Party); Social Democratic Party [HelleTHORNING-SCHMIDT]; Social Liberal Party [Margrethe VESTAGER];Socialist People's Party [Villy SOEVNDAL]
DjiboutiDemocratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh];Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; DjiboutiDevelopment Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour laRestauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD];People's Progress Assembly or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governingparty); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin BahdonFARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed YOUSSOUF];Union for a Presidential Majority or UMP [Mohamed Dileita DILEITA](a coalition of parties including RPP, FRUD, PND, and PPSD); Unionfor Democracy and Justice or UDJ
DominicaDominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; DominicaLabor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; Dominica United WorkersParty or UWP [Earl WILLIAMS]
Dominican RepublicDominican Liberation Party or PLD [LeonelFERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [RamonALBURQUERQUE]; National Progressive Front [Vincent CASTILLO,Pelegrin CASTILLO]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC[Enrique ANTUN]
EcuadorAlianza PAIS movement [Rafael Vicente CORREA Delgado];Christian Democratic Union or UDC [Luis ACOSTA Moreta]; DemocraticLeft or ID [Dalton BACIGALUPO]; Ethical and Democratic Network orRED [Martha ROLDOS]; Institutional Renewal and National Action Partyor PRIAN [Vicente TAIANO]; Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement -New Country or MUPP-NP [Jorge GUAMAN Coronel]; Patriotic SocietyParty or PSP [Lucio GUTIERREZ Borbua]; Popular Democratic Movementor MPD [Luis VILLACIS]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAMPulley, director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Pascual DELCIOPPO]; Socialist Party - Broad Front or PS-FA [Silvia SALGADO]
EgyptAl-Geel; Democratic Peace Party; Nasserist Party [AhmedHASSAN]; National Democratic Party or NDP (governing party) [MohamedHosni MUBARAK]; National Progressive Unionist Grouping or Tagammu[Rifaat EL-SAID]; New Wafd Party or NWP [Sayed EL-BEDAWY]; SocialJustice Party [Mohamed Abdel Al HASAN]; Tomorrow Party [Ayman NOURI]note: formation of political parties must be approved by thegovernment; only parties with representation in elected bodies arelisted
El SalvadorChristian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER];Democratic Convergence or CD [Oscar KATTAN] (formerly UnitedDemocratic Center or CDU); Farabundo Marti National Liberation Frontor FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [CiroCRUZ ZEPEDA]; Nationalist Republican Alliance or ARENA [AlfredoCRISTIANI]; Great Alliance for National Unity or GANA [Andres ROVIRA]
Equatorial GuineaConvergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS[Placido MICO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE[Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO] (ruling party); Electoral Coalitionor EC; Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [SeveroMOTO]; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [AvelinoMOCACHE]; Popular Union or UP
EritreaPeople's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ [ISAIASAfworki] (the only party recognized by the government); note - aNational Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties inJanuary 2001, but the full National Assembly has yet to debate orvote on it
EstoniaCenter Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR];Estonian Greens (Rohelised) [Marek STRANDBERG]; Estonian People'sUnion (Rahvaliit) [Juhan AARE]; Estonian Reform Party(Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP]; Social Democratic Party [SvenMIKSER]; Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res PublicaLiit) [Mart LAAR]
EthiopiaAfar National Democratic Party or ANDP [Mohammed KEDIR];Arena Tigray; Argoba People's Democratic Organization or APDO;Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Party or BGPDP [MulualemBESSE]; Coalition for Unity and Democratic Party or CUDP; EthiopianFederal Democatic Forum or FORUM (a UDJ-led 8-party allianceestablished for the 2010 parliamentary elections); EthiopianPeople's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF; Gambella PeoplesUnity Democratic Movement or GPUDM [Umod UBONG]; GurageNationalities' Democratic Movement or GNDM; Harari National Leagueor HNL [Murad ABDULHADI]; Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement orOFDM [BULCHA Demeksa]; Oromo People's Congress or OPC [IMERERAGudina]; Somali Democratic Alliance Forces or SODAF; Somali People'sDemocratic Party or SPDP; United Ethiopian Democratic Forces or UEDF[BEYENE Petros]; Unity for Democracy and Justice or UDJ [BirtukanMEDEKSA, currently imprisoned]
European UnionConfederal Group of the European United Left-NordicGreen Left or GUE/NGL [Lothar BISKY]; Europe of Freedom andDemocracy Group or EFD [Nigel FARAGE and Francesco SPERONI];European Conservatives and Reformists Group or ECR [MichaelKAMINSKI]; Group of Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA[Rebecca HARMS and Daniel COHN-BENDIT]; Group of the Alliance ofLiberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Guy VERHOFSTADT]; Groupof the European People's Party or EPP [Joseph DAUL]; Group of theProgressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the EuropeanParliament or S&D [Martin SCHULZ]
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)none; all independents
Faroe IslandsCenter Party [Jenis av RANA]; Independence Party [KariP. HOJGAARD]; People's Party [Jorgen NICLASEN]; Republican Party[Hogni HOYDAL]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes EIDESGAARD]; UnionParty [Kaj Leo JOHANNESEN]
FijiDodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji DemocraticParty or FDP [Filipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian DemocratAlliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party orFAP, Fijian Political Party or SVT [Sitiveni RABUKA] (primarilyFijian), and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Ofa SWANN]); Fiji LaborParty or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY]; General Voters Party or GVP(became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party or GHP;Justice and Freedom Party or AIM; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR;National Federation Party or NFP [Pramond RAE] (primarily Indian);Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party ofNational Unity or PANU [Ponipate LESAVUA]; Party of the Truth orPOTT; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or SDL[Laisenia QARASE]; United Peoples Party or UPP [Millis Mick BEDDOES]
FinlandCenter Party or Kesk [Mari KIVINIEMI]; Christian Democratsor KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green Party or VIHR [Anni SINNEMAKI]; LeftAlliance or VAS [Paavo ARHINMAKI]; National Coalition Party or Kok[Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Jutta URPILAINEN];Swedish People's Party or SFP [Stefan WALLIN]; True Finns [TimoSOINI]
FranceDemocratic Movement or MoDem [Francois BAYROU] (previouslyUnion for French Democracy or UDF); French Communist Party or PCF[Pierre LAURENT]; Greens [Cecile DUFLOT]; Left Party or PG [Jean-LucMELENCHON]; Left Radical Party or PRG [Jean-Michel BAYLET](previously Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left RadicalMovement or MRG); Movement for France or MPF [Philippe DE VILLIERS];National Front or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN]; New Anticapitalist Partyor NPA [Olivier BESANCENOT]; New Center or NC [Herve MORIN]; RadicalParty [Jean-Louis BORLOO]; Rally for France or RPF [Charles PASQUA];Republican and Citizen Movement or MRC [Jean Pierre CHEVENEMENT];Socialist Party or PS [Martine AUBRY]; Union for a Popular Movementor UMP [Jean-Francois COPE]; Worker's Struggle or LO [NathalieARTHAUD]
French PolynesiaAlliance for a New Democracy or ADN(includes theparties The New Star and This Country is Yours); New FatherlandParty (Ai'a Api); Our Home alliance; People's Servant Party (TaviniHuiraatira); Popular Rally (Tahoeraa Huiraatira); Union forDemocracy alliance or UPD
GabonCircle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean BonifaceASSELE]; Congress for Democracy and Justice or CDJ [Jules AristideBourdes OGOULIGUENDE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE[Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG[Simplice Nguedet MANZELA] (former sole party); Gabonese Party forProgress or PGP [Benoit Mouity NZAMBA]; Gabonese Union for Democracyand Development or UGDD [Zacherie MYBOTO]; National Rally ofWoodcutters or RNB; National Rally of Woodcutters-Rally for Gabon orRNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE]; Party of Developmentand Social Solidarity or PDS [Seraphin Ndoat REMBOGO]; People'sUnity Party or PUP [Louis Gaston MAYILA]; Social Democratic Party orPSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]; Union for Democracy andSocial Integration or UDIS; Union of Gabonese Patriots or UPG[Pierre MAMBOUNDOU]
Gambia, TheAlliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction orAPRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH] (the ruling party); Gambia People'sDemocratic Party or GPDP [Henry GOMEZ]; National Alliance forDemocracy and Development or NADD [Halifa SALLAH]; NationalConvention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National ReconciliationParty or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization forIndependence and Socialism or PDOIS [Halifa SALLAH]; UnitedDemocratic Party or UDP [Ousainou DARBOE]
GeorgiaChristian Democratic Movement [Giorgi TARGAMADZE];Conservative Party [Kakha KUKAVA]; Democratic Movement UnitedGeorgia [Nino BURJANADZE]; For Fair Georgia [Zurab NOGAIDELI];Georgian Party [Sozar SUBARI]; Georgian People's Front [NodarNATADZE]; Greens [Giorgi GACHECHILADZE]; Industry Will Save Georgia(Industrialists) or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; Labor Party [ShalvaNATELASHVILI]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Bachuki KARDAVA];National Forum [Kakhaber SHARTAVA]; New Rights [David GAMKRELIDZE];Our Georgia-Free Democrats (OGFD) [Irakli ALASANIA]; People's Party[Koba DAVITASHVILI; Republican Party [David USUPASHVILI]; SocialistParty or SPG [Irakli MINDELI]; Traditionalists [Akaki ASATIANI];United National Movement or UNM [Mikheil SAAKASHVILI]
GermanyAlliance '90/Greens [Claudia ROTH and Cem OZDEMIR];Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian SocialUnion or CSU [Horst SEEHOFER]; Free Democratic Party or FDP [GuidoWESTERWELLE]; Left Party or Die Linke [Klaus ERNST and GesineLOETZSCH]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Sigmar GABRIEL]
GhanaConvention People's Party or CPP [Ladi NYLANDER]; DemocraticFreedom Party or DFP [Alhaji Abudu Rahman ISSAKAH]; Every GhanaianLiving Everywhere or EGLE; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP[Dan LARTEY]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. KwabenaADJEI]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Peter MAC-MANU]; People'sNational Convention or PNC [Alhaji Amed RAMADAN]; Reform Party[Kyeretwie OPUKU]; United Renaissance Party or URP [Charles WAYO]
GibraltarGibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar SocialDemocrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party orGSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
GreeceAnticapitalist Left Cooperation for the Overthrow or ANTARSYA[Petros KONSTANTINOU]; Coalition of the Radical Left or SYRIZA[Alexis TSIPRAS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA];Democratic Left [Fotis KOUVELIS]; Democratic Alliance or DISY[Theodora BAKOGIANNI]; Ecologist Greens [Nikos CHRYSOGELOS]; GoldenDawn [Nikolaos MICHALOLIAKOS]; New Democracy or ND [AntonisSAMARAS]; Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [GeorgiosPAPANDREOU]; Popular Orthodox Rally or LAOS [Georgios KARATZAFERIS]
GreenlandAtassut Party (Solidarity) [Gerhardt PETERSEN] (aconservative party favoring continuing close relations withDenmark); Demokratiit [Jens B. FREDERIKSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA(Eskimo Brotherhood) [Kuupik KLEIST] (a leftist party favoringcomplete independence from Denmark rather than home rule);Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List) [Anthon FREDERIKSEN] (anindependent right-of-center party with no official platform); Siumut(Forward Party) [Alega HAMMOND] (a social democratic partyadvocating more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomyfrom Denmark)
GrenadaGrenada United Labor Party or GULP [Gloria Payne BANFIELD];National Democratic Congress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS]; New NationalParty or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]
GuamDemocratic Party [Michael PHILLIPS]; Republican Party [PhilipJ. FLORES] (controls the legislature)
GuatemalaCenter of Social Action or CASA [Feliz Adolfo RUANO deLeon]; Democracy Front or FRENTE [Alfonso CABRERA]; Democratic Unionor UD [Edwin Armando MARTINEZ Herrera]; Encounter for Guatemala orEG [Nineth MONTENGRO]; Grand National Alliance or GANA [JaimeAntonio MARTINEZ Lohayza]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unityor URNG [Hector Alfredo NUILA Ericastilla]; Guatemalan RepublicanFront or FRG [Luis Fernando PEREZ]; Independent Bloc Guatemala or BG[Macario Efrain OLIVA Muralles]; Independent Democratic FreedomRenewed or LIDER [Manuel BALDIZON]; National Advancement Party orPAN [Juan GUTIERREZ]; National Unity for Hope or UNE [RobertoKESTLER Velasquez]; Nationalist Change Union or UCN [Mario ESTRADA];Patriot Party or PP [Ingrid Roxana BALDETTI Elias]; Unionista Partyor PU [Alvaro ARZU Irigoyen]
Guernseynone; all independents
GuineaDemocratic Union of Guinea or UDG [Mamadou SYLLA]; GuineanUnion for Democracy or UGD; New Democratic Forces or NDF [MuoctarDIALLO]; Party for Unity and Progress or PUP [Sekouba KONATE]; Rallyfor the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union for Progress andRenewal or UPR [Ousmane BAH]; Union for Progress of Guinea or UPG[Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general]; Union of Democratic Forces ofGuinea or UFDG [Cellou Dalein DIALLO]; Union of Republican Forces orUFR [Sidya TOURE]; United Front for Democracy and Change or FUDEC[Francois FALL]