Panamaon 10 February 1990, the government of then President ENDARAabolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus bycreating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama'sLegislative Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibitingthe creation of a standing military force but allowing the temporaryestablishment of special police units to counter acts of "externalaggression"
Paracel Islandsoccupied by China
Pitcairn Islandsdefense is the responsibility of the UK
Puerto Ricodefense is the responsibility of the US
Saint Barthelemydefense is the responsibility of France
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha defense is the responsibility of the UK
Saint Martindefense is the responsibility of France
Saint Pierre and Miquelondefense is the responsibility of France
SamoaSamoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces;informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to considerany Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship
San Marinodefense is the responsibility of Italy
Sao Tome and PrincipeSao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny forcewith almost no resources at its disposal and would be whollyineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is consideredsimple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment orreplacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay, workingconditions, and alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers havebeen problems in the past, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups;these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance aimed atimproving the army and its focus on realistic security concerns;command is exercised from the president, through the Minister ofDefense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005)
Sint Maartendefense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of theNetherlands
South Africawith the end of apartheid and the establishment ofmajority rule, former military, black homelands forces, andex-opposition forces were integrated into the South African NationalDefense Force (SANDF); as of 2003 the integration process wasconsidered complete
South Georgia and South Sandwich Islandsdefense is theresponsibility of the UK
Spratly IslandsSpratly Islands consist of more than 100 smallislands or reefs of which about 45 are claimed and occupied byChina, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
SvalbardSvalbard is a territory of Norway, demilitarized by treatyon 9 February 1920; Norwegian military activity is limited tofisheries surveillance by the Norwegian Coast Guard
Tokelaudefense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Turkeya "National Security Policy Document" adopted in October 2005increases the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) role in internal security,augmenting the General Directorate of Security and GendarmerieGeneral Command (Jandarma); the TSK leadership continues to play akey role in politics and considers itself guardian of Turkey'ssecular state; in April 2007, it warned the ruling party about anypro-Islamic appointments; despite on-going negotiations on EUaccession since October 2005, progress has been limited inestablishing required civilian supremacy over the military; primarydomestic threats are listed as fundamentalism (with the definitionin some dispute with the civilian government), separatism (theKurdish problem), and the extreme left wing; Ankara strongly opposedestablishment of an autonomous Kurdish region; an overhaul of theTurkish Land Forces Command (TLFC) taking place under the "Force2014" program is to produce 20-30% smaller, more highly trainedforces characterized by greater mobility and firepower and capableof joint and combined operations; the TLFC has taken on increasinginternational peacekeeping responsibilities, and took charge of aNATO International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) command inAfghanistan in April 2007; the Turkish Navy is a regional navalpower that wants to develop the capability to project power beyondTurkey's coastal waters; the Navy is heavily involved in NATO,multinational, and UN operations; its roles include control ofterritorial waters and security for sea lines of communications; theTurkish Air Force adopted an "Aerospace and Missile Defense Concept"in 2002 and has initiated project work on an integrated missiledefense system; Air Force priorities include attaining a moderndeployable, survivable, and sustainable force structure, andestablishing a sustainable command and control system (2008)
Turks and Caicos Islandsdefense is the responsibility of the UK
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges defense is the responsibility of the US
Virgin Islandsdefense is the responsibility of the US
Wake Islanddefense is the responsibility of the US; the US AirForce is responsible for overall administration and operation of theisland facilities; the launch support facility is administered bythe US Missile Defense Agency (MDA)
Wallis and Futunadefense is the responsibility of France
Yemena Coast Guard was established in 2002
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@2138
Field Listing :: Communications - note
This entry includes miscellaneous communications information of significance not included elsewhere. Country
Communications - note
AfghanistanInternet access is growing through Internet cafes aswell as public "telekiosks" in Kabul (2005)
Bouvet Islandautomatic meteorological station
Coral Sea Islands there are automatic weather stations on many of the isles and reefs relaying data to the mainland
French Southern and Antarctic Lands one or more meteorological stations on each possession; note - meteorological station on Tromelin Island (Iles Eparses) is important for forecasting cyclones
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha South Africa maintains a meteorological station on Gough Island
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@2140
Field Listing :: Government - note
This entry includes miscellaneous government information of significance not included elsewhere. Country
Government - note
French Polynesiaunder certain acts of France, French Polynesia hasacquired autonomy in all areas except those relating to police andjustice, monetary policy, tertiary education, immigration, anddefense and foreign affairs; the duties of its president arefashioned after those of the French prime minister
New Zealandwhile not an official symbol, the Kiwi, a small nativeflightless bird, represents New Zealand
Solomon Islandsby the end of 2007, the Regional Assistance Missionto the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) - originally made up of police andtroops from Australia, NZ, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and Tonga - hadbeen scaled back to 303 police officers, 197 civilian technicaladvisers, and 72 military advisers from 15 countries across theregion
Somaliaalthough an interim government was created in 2004, otherregional and local governing bodies continue to exist and controlvarious regions of the country, including the self-declared Republicof Somaliland in northwestern Somalia and the semi-autonomous Stateof Puntland in northeastern Somalia
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@2141
Field Listing :: Group
Country
Group
AfghanistanAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia
AkrotiriAll, Europe, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
AlbaniaAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
AlgeriaAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa
American SamoaAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
AndorraAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
AngolaAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
AnguillaAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
AntarcticaAll, APLAA, South America/Global, Antarctica
Antigua and BarbudaAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, CentralAmerica
Arctic OceanAll, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans
ArgentinaAll, APLAA, South America/Global, South America
ArmeniaAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Middle East
ArubaAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
Ashmore and Cartier IslandsAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia- Oceania
Atlantic OceanAll, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans
AustraliaAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
AustriaAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe
AzerbaijanAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Middle East
Bahamas, TheAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
BahrainAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
BangladeshAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia
BarbadosAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
BelarusAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Europe
BelgiumAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe
BelizeAll, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America
BeninAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
BermudaAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, North America
BhutanAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia
BoliviaAll, APLAA, South America/Global, South America
Bosnia and HerzegovinaAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
BotswanaAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
Bouvet IslandAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Antarctica
BrazilAll, APLAA, South America/Global, South America
British Indian Ocean TerritoryAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, SouthAsia
British Virgin IslandsAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, CentralAmerica
BruneiAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
BulgariaAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe
Burkina FasoAll, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
BurmaAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
BurundiAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
CambodiaAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
CameroonAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
CanadaAll, APLAA, Eurasia/North America, North America
Cape VerdeAll, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
Cayman IslandsAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
Central African RepublicAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
ChadAll, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
ChileAll, APLAA, South America/Global, South America
ChinaAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
Christmas IslandAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
Clipperton IslandAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, NorthAmerica
Cocos (Keeling) IslandsAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia -Oceania
ColombiaAll, APLAA, South America/Global, South America
ComorosAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
Congo, Democratic Republic of theAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa,Africa
Congo, Republic of theAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
Cook IslandsAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
Coral Sea IslandsAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
Costa RicaAll, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America
Cote d'IvoireAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
CroatiaAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
CubaAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
CyprusAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe
Czech RepublicAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe
DenmarkAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe
DhekeliaAll, Europe, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
DjiboutiAll, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
DominicaAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
Dominican RepublicAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, CentralAmerica
EcuadorAll, APLAA, South America/Global, South America
EgyptAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa
El SalvadorAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
Equatorial GuineaAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
EritreaAll, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
EstoniaAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe
EthiopiaAll, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
European UnionAll, Europe, Europe
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)All, APLAA, South America/Global,South America
Faroe IslandsAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
FijiAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
FinlandAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe
FranceAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe
French PolynesiaAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Australia -Oceania
French Southern and Antarctic LandsAll, OREA, Europe/FrenchDependencies, Antarctica
GabonAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
Gambia, TheAll, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
Gaza StripAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
GeorgiaAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Middle East
GermanyAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe
GhanaAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
GibraltarAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
GreeceAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe
GreenlandAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, North America
GrenadaAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
GuamAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
GuatemalaAll, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America
GuernseyAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
GuineaAll, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
Guinea-BissauAll, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
GuyanaAll, APLAA, South America/Global, South America
HaitiAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
Heard Island and McDonald IslandsAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania,Antarctica
Holy See (Vatican City)All, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
HondurasAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
Hong KongAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
HungaryAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe
IcelandAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
IndiaAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia
Indian OceanAll, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans
IndonesiaAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
IranAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
IraqAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
IrelandAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe
Isle of ManAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
IsraelAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
ItalyAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe
JamaicaAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
Jan MayenAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
JapanAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
JerseyAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
JordanAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
KazakhstanAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia
KenyaAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
KiribatiAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
Korea, NorthAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
Korea, SouthAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
KosovoAll, Europe
KuwaitAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
KyrgyzstanAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia
LaosAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
LatviaAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe
LebanonAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
LesothoAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
LiberiaAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
LibyaAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa
LiechtensteinAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
LithuaniaAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe
LuxembourgAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union,Europe
MacauAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
MacedoniaAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
MadagascarAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
MalawiAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
MalaysiaAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
MaldivesAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia
MaliAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
MaltaAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe
Marshall IslandsAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
MauritaniaAll, NESA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
MauritiusAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
MayotteAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Africa
MexicoAll, APLAA, South America/Meso America, North America
Micronesia, Federated States ofAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania,Australia - Oceania
MoldovaAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Europe
MonacoAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
MongoliaAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
MontenegroAll, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
MontserratAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
MoroccoAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa
MozambiqueAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
NamibiaAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
NauruAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
Navassa IslandAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
NepalAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia
NetherlandsAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union,Europe
New CaledoniaAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Australia -Oceania
New ZealandAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
NicaraguaAll, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America
NigerAll, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
NigeriaAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
NiueAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
Norfolk IslandAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
Northern Mariana IslandsAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia -Oceania
NorwayAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
OmanAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
Pacific OceanAll, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans
PakistanAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia
PalauAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
PanamaAll, APLAA, South America/Meso America, Central America
Papua New GuineaAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
Paracel IslandsAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
ParaguayAll, APLAA, South America/Global, South America
PeruAll, APLAA, South America/Global, South America
PhilippinesAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
Pitcairn IslandsAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
PolandAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe
PortugalAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union,Europe
Puerto RicoAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
QatarAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
RomaniaAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe
RussiaAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia
RwandaAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
Saint BarthelemyAll, Central America
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da CunhaAll, APLAA,Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
Saint Kitts and NevisAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, CentralAmerica
Saint LuciaAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
Saint MartinAll, Central America
Saint Pierre and MiquelonAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies,North America
Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesAll, APLAA, NorthAmerica/Caribbean, Central America
SamoaAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
San MarinoAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
Sao Tome and PrincipeAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
Saudi ArabiaAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
SenegalAll, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
SerbiaAll, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
SeychellesAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
Sierra LeoneAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
SingaporeAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
SlovakiaAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe
SloveniaAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, European Union, Europe
Solomon IslandsAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
SomaliaAll, APLAA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
South AfricaAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
South Georgia and South Sandwich IslandsAll, APLAA, SouthAmerica/Global
Southern OceanAll, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans
SpainAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe
Spratly IslandsAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
Sri LankaAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, South Asia
SudanAll, NESA, Sahel Region Africa, Africa
SurinameAll, APLAA, South America/Global, South America
SvalbardAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
SwazilandAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
SwedenAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, European Union, Europe
SwitzerlandAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Europe
SyriaAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
TaiwanAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
TajikistanAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia
TanzaniaAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
ThailandAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
Timor-LesteAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
TogoAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
TokelauAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
TongaAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
Trinidad and TobagoAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, CentralAmerica
TunisiaAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa
TurkeyAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Middle East
TurkmenistanAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia
Turks and Caicos IslandsAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean,Central America
TuvaluAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
UgandaAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
UkraineAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Europe
United Arab EmiratesAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
United KingdomAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, EuropeanUnion, Europe
United StatesAll, APLAA, Eurasia/North America, North America
United States Pacific Island Wildlife RefugesAll, Australia -Oceania
UruguayAll, APLAA, South America/Global, South America
UzbekistanAll, OREA, Russia/Eurasia, Central Asia
VanuatuAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
VenezuelaAll, APLAA, South America/Global, South America
VietnamAll, APLAA, East Asia/Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia
Virgin IslandsAll, APLAA, North America/Caribbean, Central America
Wake IslandAll, APLAA, Caribbean/Oceania, Australia - Oceania
Wallis and FutunaAll, OREA, Europe/French Dependencies, Australia -Oceania
West BankAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
Western SaharaAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Africa
WorldAll, APLAA, South America/Global, Oceans
YemenAll, NESA, Near East/South Asia, Middle East
ZambiaAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
ZimbabweAll, APLAA, Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa
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@2142
Field Listing :: Country name
This entry includes all forms of the country's name approved by theUS Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example):conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form(Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form(Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation.Also see the Terminology note.Country
Country name
Afghanistanconventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistanconventional short form: Afghanistanlocal long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestanlocal short form: Afghanestanformer: Republic of Afghanistan
Akrotiriconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Akrotiri
Albaniaconventional long form: Republic of Albaniaconventional short form: Albanialocal long form: Republika e Shqiperiselocal short form: Shqiperiaformer: People's Socialist Republic of Albania
Algeriaconventional long form: People's Democratic Republic ofAlgeriaconventional short form: Algerialocal long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ashSha'biyahlocal short form: Al Jaza'ir
American Samoaconventional long form: Territory of American Samoaconventional short form: American Samoaabbreviation: AS
Andorraconventional long form: Principality of Andorraconventional short form: Andorralocal long form: Principat d'Andorralocal short form: Andorra
Angolaconventional long form: Republic of Angolaconventional short form: Angolalocal long form: Republica de Angolalocal short form: Angolaformer: People's Republic of Angola
Anguillaconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Anguilla
Antarcticaconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Antarctica
Antigua and Barbudaconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda
Argentinaconventional long form: Argentine Republicconventional short form: Argentinalocal long form: Republica Argentinalocal short form: Argentina
Armeniaconventional long form: Republic of Armeniaconventional short form: Armenialocal long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yunlocal short form: Hayastanformer: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, Armenian Republic
Arubaconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Aruba
Ashmore and Cartier Islandsconventional long form: Territory ofAshmore and Cartier Islandsconventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Australiaconventional long form: Commonwealth of Australiaconventional short form: Australia
Austriaconventional long form: Republic of Austriaconventional short form: Austrialocal long form: Republik Oesterreichlocal short form: Oesterreich
Azerbaijanconventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijanconventional short form: Azerbaijanlocal long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasilocal short form: Azarbaycanformer: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
Bahamas, Theconventional long form: Commonwealth of The Bahamasconventional short form: The Bahamas
Bahrainconventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrainconventional short form: Bahrainlocal long form: Mamlakat al Bahraynlocal short form: Al Bahraynformer: Dilmun
Bangladeshconventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladeshconventional short form: Bangladeshlocal long form: Gana Prajatantri Bangladeshlocal short form:former: East Bengal, East Pakistan
Barbadosconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Barbados
Belarusconventional long form: Republic of Belarusconventional short form: Belaruslocal long form: Respublika Byelarus'local short form: Byelarus'former: Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic
Belgiumconventional long form: Kingdom of Belgiumconventional short form: Belgiumlocal long form: Royaume de Belgique/Koninkrijk Belgielocal short form: Belgique/Belgie
Belizeconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Belizeformer: British Honduras
Beninconventional long form: Republic of Beninconventional short form: Beninlocal long form: Republique du Beninlocal short form: Beninformer: Dahomey
Bermudaconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Bermudaformer: Somers Islands
Bhutanconventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutanconventional short form: Bhutanlocal long form: Druk Gyalkhaplocal short form: Druk Yul
Boliviaconventional long form: Plurinational State of Boliviaconventional short form: Bolivialocal long form: Estado Plurinacional de Bolivialocal short form: Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina local long form: none local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina former: People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswanaconventional long form: Republic of Botswanaconventional short form: Botswanalocal long form: Republic of Botswanalocal short form: Botswanaformer: Bechuanaland
Bouvet Islandconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Bouvet Island
Brazilconventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazilconventional short form: Brazillocal long form: Republica Federativa do Brasillocal short form: Brasil
British Indian Ocean Territoryconventional long form: BritishIndian Ocean Territoryconventional short form: noneabbreviation: BIOT
British Virgin Islandsconventional long form: noneconventional short form: British Virgin Islandsabbreviation: BVI
Bruneiconventional long form: Brunei Darussalamconventional short form: Bruneilocal long form: Negara Brunei Darussalamlocal short form: Brunei
Bulgariaconventional long form: Republic of Bulgariaconventional short form: Bulgarialocal long form: Republika Balgariyalocal short form: Balgariya
Burkina Fasoconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Burkina Fasolocal long form: nonelocal short form: Burkina Fasoformer: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta
Burmaconventional long form: Union of Burmaconventional short form: Burmalocal long form: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by theUS Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union ofMyanmar)local short form: Myanma Naingngandawformer: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burmanote: since 1989 the military authorities in Burma have promoted thename Myanmar as a conventional name for their state; the USGovernment did not adopt the name, which is a derivative of theBurmese short-form name Myanma Naingngandaw
Burundiconventional long form: Republic of Burundiconventional short form: Burundilocal long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundilocal short form: Burundiformer: Urundi
Cambodiaconventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodiaconventional short form: Cambodialocal long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phoneticpronunciation)local short form: Kampucheaformer: Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic ofKampuchea, State of Cambodia
Cameroonconventional long form: Republic of Cameroonconventional short form: Cameroonlocal long form: Republique du Cameroun/Republic of Cameroonlocal short form: Cameroun/Cameroonformer: French Cameroon, British Cameroon, Federal Republic ofCameroon, United Republic of Cameroon
Canadaconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Canada
Cape Verdeconventional long form: Republic of Cape Verdeconventional short form: Cape Verdelocal long form: Republica de Cabo Verdelocal short form: Cabo Verde
Cayman Islandsconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Cayman Islands
Central African Republicconventional long form: Central AfricanRepublicconventional short form: nonelocal long form: Republique Centrafricainelocal short form: noneformer: Ubangi-Shari, Central African Empireabbreviation: CAR
Chadconventional long form: Republic of Chadconventional short form: Chadlocal long form: Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshadlocal short form: Tchad/Tshad
Chileconventional long form: Republic of Chileconventional short form: Chilelocal long form: Republica de Chilelocal short form: Chile
Chinaconventional long form: People's Republic of Chinaconventional short form: Chinalocal long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguolocal short form: Zhongguoabbreviation: PRC
Christmas Islandconventional long form: Territory of ChristmasIslandconventional short form: Christmas Island
Clipperton Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Clipperton Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Clipperton former: sometimes called Ile de la Passion
Cocos (Keeling) Islands conventional long form: Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands conventional short form: Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Colombiaconventional long form: Republic of Colombiaconventional short form: Colombialocal long form: Republica de Colombialocal short form: Colombia
Comorosconventional long form: Union of the Comorosconventional short form: Comoroslocal long form: Udzima wa Komori (Comorian); Union des Comores(French); Jumhuriyat al Qamar al Muttahidah (Arabic)local short form: Komori (Comorian); Comores (French); Juzur alQamar (Arabic)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the conventional long form: Democratic Republic of the Congo conventional short form: DRC local long form: Republique Democratique du Congo local short form: RDC former: Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Congo/Leopoldville, Congo/Kinshasa, Zaire abbreviation: DRC
Congo, Republic of the conventional long form: Republic of the Congo conventional short form: Congo (Brazzaville) local long form: Republique du Congo local short form: none former: Middle Congo, Congo/Brazzaville, Congo
Cook Islandsconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Cook Islandsformer: Harvey Islands
Coral Sea Islandsconventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territoryconventional short form: Coral Sea Islands
Costa Ricaconventional long form: Republic of Costa Ricaconventional short form: Costa Ricalocal long form: Republica de Costa Ricalocal short form: Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoireconventional long form: Republic of Cote d'Ivoireconventional short form: Cote d'Ivoirelocal long form: Republique de Cote d'Ivoirelocal short form: Cote d'Ivoirenote: pronounced coat-div-wharformer: Ivory Coast
Croatiaconventional long form: Republic of Croatiaconventional short form: Croatialocal long form: Republika Hrvatskalocal short form: Hrvatskaformer: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia
Cubaconventional long form: Republic of Cubaconventional short form: Cubalocal long form: Republica de Cubalocal short form: Cuba
CuracaoDutch long form: Land CuracaoDutch short form: CuracaoPapiamentu long form: Pais KorsouPapiamentu short form: Korsouformer: Netherlands Antilles; Curacao and Dependencies
Cyprusconventional long form: Republic of Cyprusconventional short form: Cypruslocal long form: Kypriaki Dimokratia/Kibris Cumhuriyetilocal short form: Kypros/Kibrisnote: the Turkish Cypriot community, which administers the northernpart of the island, refers to itself as the "Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus" ("TRNC")
Czech Republicconventional long form: Czech Republicconventional short form: Czech Republiclocal long form: Ceska Republikalocal short form: Cesko
Denmarkconventional long form: Kingdom of Denmarkconventional short form: Denmarklocal long form: Kongeriget Danmarklocal short form: Danmark
Dhekeliaconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Dhekelia
Djibouticonventional long form: Republic of Djibouticonventional short form: Djiboutilocal long form: Republique de Djibouti/Jumhuriyat Jibutilocal short form: Djibouti/Jibutiformer: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
Dominicaconventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominicaconventional short form: Dominica
Dominican Republicconventional long form: Dominican Republicconventional short form: The Dominicanlocal long form: Republica Dominicanalocal short form: La Dominicana
Ecuadorconventional long form: Republic of Ecuadorconventional short form: Ecuadorlocal long form: Republica del Ecuadorlocal short form: Ecuador
Egyptconventional long form: Arab Republic of Egyptconventional short form: Egyptlocal long form: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyahlocal short form: Misrformer: United Arab Republic (with Syria)
El Salvadorconventional long form: Republic of El Salvadorconventional short form: El Salvadorlocal long form: Republica de El Salvadorlocal short form: El Salvador
Equatorial Guineaconventional long form: Republic of EquatorialGuineaconventional short form: Equatorial Guinealocal long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial/Republique de Guineeequatorialelocal short form: Guinea Ecuatorial/Guinee equatorialeformer: Spanish Guinea
Eritreaconventional long form: State of Eritreaconventional short form: Eritrealocal long form: Hagere Ertralocal short form: Ertraformer: Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia
Estoniaconventional long form: Republic of Estoniaconventional short form: Estonialocal long form: Eesti Vabariiklocal short form: Eestiformer: Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
Ethiopiaconventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic ofEthiopiaconventional short form: Ethiopialocal long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripebliklocal short form: Ityop'iyaformer: Abyssinia, Italian East Africaabbreviation: FDRE
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Faroe Islandsconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Faroe Islandslocal long form: nonelocal short form: Foroyar
Fijiconventional long form: Republic of the Fiji Islandsconventional short form: Fijilocal long form: Republic of the Fiji Islands/Matanitu ko Vitilocal short form: Fiji/Viti
Finlandconventional long form: Republic of Finlandconventional short form: Finlandlocal long form: Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finlandlocal short form: Suomi/Finland
Franceconventional long form: French Republicconventional short form: Francelocal long form: Republique francaiselocal short form: France
French Polynesiaconventional long form: Overseas Lands of FrenchPolynesiaconventional short form: French Polynesialocal long form: Pays d'outre-mer de la Polynesie Francaiselocal short form: Polynesie Francaiseformer: French Colony of Oceania
French Southern and Antarctic Landsconventional long form:Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Landsconventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Landslocal long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et AntarctiquesFrancaiseslocal short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaisesabbreviation: TAAF
Gabonconventional long form: Gabonese Republicconventional short form: Gabonlocal long form: Republique Gabonaiselocal short form: Gabon
Gambia, Theconventional long form: Republic of The Gambiaconventional short form: The Gambia
Gaza Stripconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Gaza Striplocal long form: nonelocal short form: Qita' Ghazzah
Georgiaconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Georgialocal long form: nonelocal short form: Sak'art'veloformer: Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
Germanyconventional long form: Federal Republic of Germanyconventional short form: Germanylocal long form: Bundesrepublik Deutschlandlocal short form: Deutschlandformer: German Empire, German Republic, German Reich
Ghanaconventional long form: Republic of Ghanaconventional short form: Ghanaformer: Gold Coast
Gibraltarconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Gibraltar
Greececonventional long form: Hellenic Republicconventional short form: Greecelocal long form: Elliniki Dhimokratialocal short form: Ellas or Elladaformer: Kingdom of Greece
Greenlandconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Greenlandlocal long form: nonelocal short form: Kalaallit Nunaat
Grenadaconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Grenada
Guamconventional long form: Territory of Guamconventional short form: Guamlocal long form: Guahanlocal short form: Guahan
Guatemalaconventional long form: Republic of Guatemalaconventional short form: Guatemalalocal long form: Republica de Guatemalalocal short form: Guatemala
Guernseyconventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernseyconventional short form: Guernsey
Guineaconventional long form: Republic of Guineaconventional short form: Guinealocal long form: Republique de Guineelocal short form: Guineeformer: French Guinea
Guinea-Bissauconventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissauconventional short form: Guinea-Bissaulocal long form: Republica da Guine-Bissaulocal short form: Guine-Bissauformer: Portuguese Guinea
Guyanaconventional long form: Cooperative Republic of Guyanaconventional short form: Guyanaformer: British Guiana
Haiticonventional long form: Republic of Haiticonventional short form: Haitilocal long form: Republique d'Haiti/Repiblik d' Ayitilocal short form: Haiti/Ayiti
Heard Island and McDonald Islandsconventional long form: Territoryof Heard Island and McDonald Islandsconventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islandsabbreviation: HIMI
Holy See (Vatican City) conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)
Hondurasconventional long form: Republic of Hondurasconventional short form: Honduraslocal long form: Republica de Honduraslocal short form: Honduras
Hong Kongconventional long form: Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegionconventional short form: Hong Konglocal long form: Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqulocal short form: Xianggangabbreviation: HK
Hungaryconventional long form: Republic of Hungaryconventional short form: Hungarylocal long form: Magyar Koztarsasaglocal short form: Magyarorszag
Icelandconventional long form: Republic of Icelandconventional short form: Icelandlocal long form: Lydveldid Islandlocal short form: Island
Indiaconventional long form: Republic of Indiaconventional short form: Indialocal long form: Republic of India/Bharatiya Ganarajyalocal short form: India/Bharat
Indonesiaconventional long form: Republic of Indonesiaconventional short form: Indonesialocal long form: Republik Indonesialocal short form: Indonesiaformer: Netherlands East Indies, Dutch East Indies
Iranconventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iranconventional short form: Iranlocal long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iranlocal short form: Iranformer: Persia
Iraqconventional long form: Republic of Iraqconventional short form: Iraqlocal long form: Jumhuriyat al-Iraqlocal short form: Al Iraq
Irelandconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Irelandlocal long form: nonelocal short form: Eire
Isle of Manconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Isle of Manabbreviation: I.O.M.
Israelconventional long form: State of Israelconventional short form: Israellocal long form: Medinat Yisra'ellocal short form: Yisra'el
Italyconventional long form: Italian Republicconventional short form: Italylocal long form: Repubblica Italianalocal short form: Italiaformer: Kingdom of Italy
Jamaicaconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Jamaica
Jan Mayenconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Jan Mayen
Japanconventional long form: noneconventional short form: Japanlocal long form: Nihon-koku/Nippon-kokulocal short form: Nihon/Nippon
Jerseyconventional long form: Bailiwick of Jerseyconventional short form: Jersey
Jordanconventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordanconventional short form: Jordanlocal long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyahlocal short form: Al Urdunformer: Transjordan
Kazakhstanconventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstanconventional short form: Kazakhstanlocal long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasylocal short form: Qazaqstanformer: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
Kenyaconventional long form: Republic of Kenyaconventional short form: Kenyalocal long form: Republic of Kenya/Jamhuri ya Kenyalocal short form: Kenyaformer: British East Africa
Kiribaticonventional long form: Republic of Kiribaticonventional short form: Kiribatilocal long form: Republic of Kiribatilocal short form: Kiribatinote: pronounced keer-ree-bahssformer: Gilbert Islands
Korea, Northconventional long form: Democratic People's Republic ofKoreaconventional short form: North Korealocal long form: Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguklocal short form: Chosonabbreviation: DPRK
Korea, Southconventional long form: Republic of Koreaconventional short form: South Korealocal long form: Taehan-min'guklocal short form: Han'gukabbreviation: ROK
Kosovoconventional long form: Republic of Kosovoconventional short form: Kosovolocal long form: Republika e Kosoves (Republika Kosovo)local short form: Kosova (Kosovo)
Kuwaitconventional long form: State of Kuwaitconventional short form: Kuwaitlocal long form: Dawlat al Kuwaytlocal short form: Al Kuwayt
Kyrgyzstanconventional long form: Kyrgyz Republicconventional short form: Kyrgyzstanlocal long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasylocal short form: Kyrgyzstanformer: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic