— —, action of the different rays of the spectrum on, producing colors,J. F. W. Herschel, xxxviii, 111.
— —, intensity of light in diffuse daylight measured by,A. Ure, xxxviii, 107.
— process, observations on,W. F. Channing, xliii, 73.
— — called Chromatype,R. Hunt, xlvi, 396.
— —, by which dormant pictures are made, which the breath or moisture will develop, xlvi, 393.
Photometer,X. de Maistre, xxiv, 378.f
—, new,C. Daubeny, xxxviii, 96.
Phrenology, notice ofGall'sandSpurzheim'sviews, xxiii, 357.
—,G. Combe'slectures on, in New Haven, xxxviii, 391.
—, remarks on, xxxix, 65.
Phthisis in Paris in 1828, xix, 193.
Phyllites, fossil plants, generic characters of, vii, 182.
Phyllite in Massachusetts, xvi, 207.
Physa, seeZoology,Mollusca.
Physalis pubescens, xi, 170.
Physick, P. S., notice of, xxxviii, 155.
Physics,N. Arnott'sElements of, noticed, xx, 155.
Physical Geography, effects of, on the boundaries of empires,J. Finch, xiv, 18.
Physiology, some of the principles of,A. Fourcault, xix, 391.
—, animal, xxiv, 382.
—, vegetable, xix, 393; xxiii, 138; xxxiii, 290.
Pickering, C., description of the Caligus americanus, xxxiv, 225.f
Pickering, J., notice of life ofN. Bowditch, xxxv, 386.
Pickeringite, analysis of,A. A. Hayes, xlvi, 360.
Picropharmacolite of Rügelsdorf, vii, 368.
Pictet, M. A., death of, x, 179.
Pictured rocks of Lake Superior, composition of, v, 220.
Pictures, transparent, ii, 348.
Pierce, E., on meteoric iron from Otsego Co., N. Y., xlvi, 402.
Pierce, J., native carbonate of magnesia on Staten Island, i, 142.
—, geology, mineralogy, scenery, &c. of the secondary region of a part of New York, New Jersey, and the adjacent regions, ii, 181.
—, on mineral waters, &c., iii, 235, 236.
—, on the geology, mineralogy, &c. of the Highlands of New York and New Jersey, v, 26.
—, geology, scenery, &c. of the Catskill Mountains, vi, 86.
—, notice of the alluvial district of New Jersey, with remarks on the marl, vi, 237.
—, an excursion among the White Mountains and up Mount Washington, viii, 172.
—, agriculture, geology, &c. of the Floridas, ix, 119.
—, topography, resources, &c. of Michigan, x, 304.
—, Virginia, shell marl and coal regions of, xi, 54.
—, mineral resources of Pennsylvania, xii, 54.
Pierce, L., notice of a halo, x, 369.f
Pierpont, J., meteorological notes in 1692, xlii, 399.
Pig, anecdote of, xlvi, 243.
Pigeons, flight of, in Ohio,S. P. Hildreth, xxiv, 134, 136; xl, 348.
—, roosts of, in Ohio, xl, 348.
—, mode of decoying, xvi, 373.
Pigment for the pallet, xvi, 174.
Pilatus, Mount, slide of, iii, 368.
Pimelite in Vermont, viii, 234.
Pine timber, strength of, xix, 228.f
Pinguite, new mineral species, xx, 197.
Pinite in Massachusetts, ix, 48.
— (chlorophyllite) in Connecticut, vi, 219; xli, 354.
— not at Bellows Falls, Vt., xi, 384.
Pink dye, from the flower of the sweet balm, xxv, 413.
Pipa, xi, 271.
Piperine, use of,G. W. Carpenter, xiii, 326.
—, notice of,T. G. Clemson, xviii, 352.
Piper leptostachyum, v, 287.
Pipes, iron conduit, vi, 173.
Pipestone, red, of the Côteau des Prairies, xxxvii, 393; xxxviii, 138.
Pirira, on salicine, xlix, 392.
Pisa, notice of, iv, 383.
Pisolite in Massachusetts, ii, 238.
Pisolitic balls, xliv, 283.f
Piston, Cooper's rotative, xvi, 313.f
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, account of,S. P. Hildreth, xxix, 68, 79.
Pixii, rotating magnetic machine, xxiv, 144, 146f, 196.
Plague in Constantinople, remarks on, xxxiv, 32.
Planes, inclined, in the construction of rail roads,J. Thomson, xxiii, 107.
Planera, or Siberian elm, notice of, xx, 377.
Planet, supposed new, beyond Herschel,Cacciatore, xxxi, 158.
— Jupiter and his satellites,Struve, xiii, 173.
— Saturn, xiii, 172; xvii, 162; xxv, 191; xxxvii, 373; xliv, 383.
— —, sixth satellite of, xxxiv, 207.
— Venus,P. F. de Vico, xliv, 377, 383.
— —, rotation of, xxiv, 204.
Planets moving in a resisting medium, examination of the theory of,R. W. Haskins, xxxiii, 1.
—, ibid, remarks on, xvii, 389.
—, sizes of, xxxiii, 17.
—, motion of, represented, xii, 103.
—, comparative oblateness of, xxxi, 222.
Planetarium, Russell's, xlii, 400.
Planetary spaces, temperature of, xxxii, 1; xxxiv, 57.
Planorbis, seeZoology,Mollusca.
Plants,number of known species, xlix, 172.
— of New York, number of indigenous,J. Torrey, xl, 77.
—, classification of, according to a natural system,Robert Brown, i, 435.
—, grand division, into exogens, endogens and acrogens, xxxii, 295.
—, other subdivisions, xxxii, 296, 299.
—, soul or spiritual life of,C. F. P. von Martius, xl, 170.
—, ammonia disengaged by growing, x, 190.
—, carbonic acid disengaged by the roots of, xlv, 227.
—, non-decomposition of carbonic acid by, xxxiv, 44.
—, circulation in,E. Emmons, xxvi, 99.
—, — of sap in, xix, 393.
—, chemistry of,J. Liebig, xl, 177.
—, chemical constitution of cellular and woody tissue in, xl, 176.
—, cultivation of, in moss, xiii, 189.
—, crystalline substances from the juice of, xi, 391.
—, crystals in,Turpin, xix, 177; xx, 382.
—, crystals of oxalate of lime in, xx, 383; xxi, 372.
—, crystals in the tissues of,J. W. Bailey, xlv, 149; xlviii, 17.f
—, effect of light on the color and movements of,D. P. Gardner, xlvi, 1.f
—, effect of light on the germination of the seeds of, xliv, 352.
—, — — on the growth of, xliv, 352; xlvi, 397; xlvii, 194.
—, experiments on inorganic elements of, xlvii, 194.
—, effect of climate on geography of, xlvii, 221.
—, effect of frost of the winter of 1837-8 in England, upon,J. Lindley, xxxix, 18.
—, — of chemical solutions on, xvii, 388.
—, excrementitious matter from,J. Buel, xxviii, 267.
—, experiments on garden,J. T. Plummer, xl, 197.
—, growth of, in closely glazed cases, xliii, 383.
—, growing under glass,C. Daubeny, xxxiv, 11.
—, — ibid,N. B. Ward, xxxiv, 11.
—, — ibid,J. Yates, xxxiv, 13.
—, growing on animals,S. L. Mitchill, xii, 21.
—, on the development of the external organs of, xxxvii, 187.
—, on the leafing of, xliv, 419.
—, indicators of seasons, ii, 255.
—, phosphorescent, xv, 170.
—, phosphoric acid in, ii, 358.
—, poisoning of, xv, 169.
—, respiration in, xxii, 363.
—, sleep of, xxii, 375.
—, used for cordage, xxi, 27; xxv, 330; xxviii, 371; xli, 200.f
— and mosses, iodine in, xlv, 227.
—, fossil, accompanying anthracite coal, ix, 165.
—, —, at Mariner's Mill, Ohio, xxxi, 28.f
—, —, in coal strata of England, iii, 389; xxxiii, 87, 270.
—, —, of the coal formations,A. Brongniart, iv, 266.f
—, —, analysis ofAd. Brongniart'swork on, vii, 178.
—, see farther underBotanyandVegetable.
Plaster, on the setting of, xvii, 371.
— of Paris, seeGypsum.
Plastic clay of the southeast of England, xxxiii, 92.
— — and sand formation of New Jersey, Massachusetts coast, and elsewhere, vii, 34, 214, 244.
Plate electrical machine,R. Hare, vii, 108f; xxxii, 272.f
— — —, viii, 378.
Platinum, size of grains of, xvi, 389.
—, price of, (1833,) xxvi, 210.
—, imitation of, xxii, 383.
—, on the fusion of,R. Hare, ii, 295; xxxiii, 195; xxxv, 328; xxxviii, 155, 163.
—, test for, vi, 376.
—, amalgam of, xxvii, 363.
—, action of, on combustible gases mixed with oxygen, xii, 181.
— mines, found in the Ural, Russia, xii, 384; xiv, 204; xviii, 190; xxviii, 395.
— of Russia, large masses, xvi, 389; xlvi, 212.
—, large mass of, from Peru, iv, 28; xvi, 389.
—, analysis of the Russian,J. J. Berzelius, xviii, 162.
—, in France, xxvi, 389.
— boilers, at Paris, xvii, 179.
— lamp, xx, 385.
— wire, ignited, i, 309.
— —, action of heated, on combustible gases,W. Henry, xii, 181.
—, spongy, combustion with, discovered byJ. W. Döbereiner, vii, 387.
—, —,J. W. Döbereiner'sresearches on, xviii, 151.
—, —,J. Liebig, xviii, 398.
—, —, action of, prevented by certain gases, xxxi, 348.
—, —, —,Kuhlmann, xxxvii, 198.
—, on the dark precipitate of,J. Liebig, xviii, 398.
—, new compounds of,J. W. Döbereiner, xxviii, 130.
—, a bichloride of, combined with deutoxide of nitrogen,H. D. Rogers, xxxviii, 186; xxxix, 369.
—, a property of asbestus imbued with chloride of, xx, 160.
—, chloriodide of,W. W. Mather, xxvii, 258.
— and hydrogen, no combination of,J. W. Döbereiner, xxxiv, 207.
— and soda, a double sulphite of the protoxide of,A. LittonandSchnederman, xliv, 274.
—, iodide of potassium and,W. W. Mather, xxvii, 257.
Plesiosaurus, from north of Whitby, England, xxix, 364.
—, notice of, xvii, 289.
Plessy, on the hydrosulphite of soda, xlix, 200.
Pleurodon,R. Owen, xliv, 342.
Pliny, on the influence of the ash on reptiles, xxx, 268.
Plough, American, compared with French, vii, 190.
Plumbagine, a new vegetable substance, xvii, 385.
Plumbago formed by pressure, xlix, 227.
—, seeGraphite.
Plumbago floridana, v, 290.
Plumbocalcite, new mineral species, xxvi, 386.
Plummer, J. T., miscellaneous observations on insects, xl, 146.
—, motion of particles of melted spermaceti of a burning candle, xl, 148.
—, suburban geology, (Indiana) xliv, 281.f
—, fucoids in Indiana, xliv, 290.f
—, scraps in natural history, xlvi, 236; xlviii, 93.
—, horticultural experiments, xl, 197.
—, on the dry-rot, xlii, 197.
—, combustibility of wood ashes, xlii, 167.f
—, on a dangerous property of wood ashes, xliii, 80.
Plumose mica, ii, 141.
Pluranium, announced as a new metal, from the Ural, xvi, 384.
Pluviometrical observations, see underRainandMeteorological.
Pneumatic cistern ofR. Hare, xiv, 200f; xxxiii, 246.f
— paradox, on the true theory of,J. H. Abbot, xxxix, 296f; xl, 144.f
Poa modesta, xlv, 45.
Poacites, fossil plants, generic characters of, vii, 182.
Poem, geological, v, 272.
Poison of the Argas persicus, xxxiii, 271.
—, Senecio obovatus poison to sheep, xv, 358.
— of the common toad, xiv, 373.
Poisons, animal, ii, 168.
—, —, antidotes for, ii, 358.
—, —, salt a remedy for, xxi, 158.
— —, ammonia an antidote against, xvi, 182.
—, —, the Uvularia perfoliata a remedy for,B. H. Coates, xxxv, 270.
—, action of, on vegetables, xii, 196; xv, 169.
Poisonous confectionary, xviii, 157.
Poisson, S. D., on the temperature of the earth, atmosphere and of space, xxxiv, 57.
—, death of, xl, 220.
Poland, a history of, published by N. Rosenfield, vi, 390.
Polanisia, i, 378.
Polar, north, fogs of, xiv, 378.
—, —, account of explorations, i, 101; xvi, 124.
Polariscope, for polarized light, xv, 369.f
—, natural, of tourmaline in mica,B. Silliman, Jr., xlvii, 418.
Polarity, new kind of, in light,D. Brewster, xxxv, 292.
— of molecules in crystallization,J. D. Dana, xxx, 275.f
—, electric, see underElectricity.
Polarization of heat, xxviii, 366, 397.
— —, remarks on,J. D. Forbes, xl, 317.
— of light by reflection,D. Brewster, xxii, 277.f
— by refraction, laws of,D. Brewster, xxiii, 28f, 227.f
—, use of mica in,J. D. Forbes, xxxviii, 101.
—, elliptical, of reflected light,B. Powell, xliv, 171; xlvi, 390.
—, auroral light without,J. Henry, xxxix, 366.
Polarized rings produced in specimens of decomposed glass,D. Brewster, xl, 325.
— light, exhibited by means of oxy-hydrogen microscope, xxxviii, 102.
Polarizing rocks, xx, 198.
Pole, north, attempts to discover, i, 101.
Polishing of granite, iv, 246; viii, 185.
Pollen, analysis of,M. Prinsep, xviii, 402.
—, yellow showers of, xxxix, 399; xlii, 195.
—, — —, examined byJ. W. Bailey, xlii, 196.f
Polycrase, a new mineral species, xlix, 394.
Polygons, on the measure of,G. C. Whitlock, xlvii, 380.f
Polyhydrite, xlii, 386.
Polynesian Islands, new work on, xxix, 290.
Polynomials, involution of,W. J. Lewis, xlii, 239.
Polyps, a group of, v, 46.
Polytechnic Institute of Vienna, x, 379.
— Society of Paris, xxiv, 191.
Polythalamia, American, xli, 400.f
—, fossil, in the United States,J. W. Bailey, xlviii, 102, 340.f
—, —, from Petersburg, Va.,J. W. Bailey, xlv, 313.
—, —, from the Upper Mississippi,J. W. Bailey, xli, 400.f
Pomeroy, S. W., remarks on the coal formation of Pennsylvania, xxi, 343.
Pompeii, how covered, iii, 374.
—, excavation of, iv, 384.
Pompton Mountains, N. J., rocks of, v, 241.
Pond, a fermenting, v, 199.
Ponton, M., on paper for photography, xxxvii, 361.
Poor, education of, iii, 379.
Popocatepetl, ascent of, xxviii, 220.
Population of France, xv, 397.
— of Glasgow, proportion of males to females, xxviii, 80.
— of Great Britain, xxiv, 211.
— of Manchester, England, xxviii, 80.
— of Prussia, ix, 184.
— of Russia, iv, 389.
— and religion of Russia, xv, 397.
— of Sweden, in 1816, 17, 18, ii, 347.
— of the United States at the earliest census, xxxiii, 278.
— —, rate of increase since first census, xxxiii, 278, 279.
— of New York city, in 1826, x, 398.
Populine, xix, 380.
Porcelain and porcelain clays, i, 57.
— and earthenware, on the art, xxvi, 233f;
–history of, 233;
Egyptian, 234;
Roman, 234;
Phenicia, 235;
Indian mounds, 237;
Chinese, 237;
European, 238;
Wedgewood ware, 242;
kinds of, 259;
materials used for, 245;
processes, 249;
mode of glazing, 254.
—, mode of coloring, iii, 217; xxvi, 256.
—, enamel for, v, 189.
—, manufactory at Philadelphia, xiv, 198; xviii, 384.
—, difference between the English, and that of the continent, xxxiii, 407.
— clay, from Granby, Ct., xviii, 199.
— —, of Pennsylvania and Delaware, xviii, 384.
— —, in Maryland, xxvii, 19.
Porosity of glass and siliceous bodies, vii, 192.
Porphyry of the Chinese frontier, xvii, 32.
— in Nova Scotia, xv, 203, 213.
— of Peru, xvii, 57.
Portable gas, xv, 189.
— — lamp, iii, 371.
Porter, A. L., edition of Gray's Operative Chemist, by, noticed, xix, 362.
Porter, J., floral calendar of Plainfield, Mass., 1818, i, 254.
—, — —, ibid, for 1819; iii, 273.
—, on snow crystals, ii, 339.
—, minerals of Plainfield, v, 270.
—, catalogue of minerals, vi, 246; vii, 58, 252; viii, 233; x, 18.
—, notice of a rocking stone, ix, 27.f
—, on the American Antiquarian Society, xviii, 136.
—, on the garden of Fromont, xx, 83.
—,Roxbury rocking stone, vii, 59.f
Porter, R. K., travels in Persia, xxxvii, 347.
Porter, T. D., contributions to the Geological Society, ii, 143.
—, geological notice of some parts of North and South Carolina, iii, 227.
—, reply toT. Cooperon tests of arsenic, iv, 160.
—, mineral localities on the Connecticut, ix, 177.f
—, specimens of Zircon, iii, 229; v, 271.
Porter, W. S., sketches of Alabama, xiii, 77.
Portugal, public instruction in, vii, 198.
Post office department, progress of the American, xv, 373.
Post offices in France, income of, for 1824, x, 174.
Postage of printed sheets in England, xlix, 228.
Pot and pearl ashes, method of manufacturing, byG. A. Rogers, viii, 304.
Potamogeton Claytoni, xlv, 38.
— pulcher, xlv, 38.
Potassa in sea-water, iii, 371.
—, caustic, of commerce, xxxv, 299.
—, commercial, of New York, researches on,L. C. Beck, xxix, 260.
—, —, adulteration of, xxix, 261.
—, —, manufacture of, xxix, 261.
—, mode of obtaining from feldspar,Fuchs, xxi, 157.
—, detection of, by the oxide of nickel, xvi, 387.
—, mode of separating from soda, xxix, 273.
—, Davy's original mode of decomposing, xxi, 367.f
—, action of, on organic matters, xvii, 382; xxiv, 372.
—, action of, on cholesterine, xliv, 60.
— and soda, mixture of pure carbonates of, xlix, 195.
—, carbonate of, mode of preparing, free from silica, xlix, 195.
—, chlorate of, mode of obtaining, ix, 201.
—, pure chromate of, xx, 409.
—, to test the chromate of,S. Zuber, xxiv, 372.
—, chromate of, means of determining the purity of, xvi, 392.
—, —, a test for distinguishing strontia and baryta, xxxvi, 183.
—, bichromate of, ulcers produced by the use of, xvi, 384.
—, manganesiate of,F. Wöhler, xxviii, 137.
— and copper, sulphate of, xx, 195.
— and silica, new compound of, xvi, 397.
Potassium, atomic weight of, xlvii, 189.
—, preparation of, viii, 372.
—, best method of preparing and preserving, xix, 205.f
—, new apparatus for obtaining,L. D. Gale, xxi, 60.f
—, improvement in Brunner's process for,R. Hare, xxiv, 312.
—, an improved mode of obtaining,R. Hare, xxxviii, 338; xl, 27.
—, properties of, xvii, 182.
—, price of, in 1825, ix, 387.
—, experiments on, byJ. T. Ducatel, xxv, 90.
—, ammoniacal nitruret of, xxv, 205.
—, iodide of platinum and,W. W. Mather, xxvii, 257.
—, preparation of iodide of, ix, 188.
—, ferridcyanide, deoxidation of,C. F. Schönbein, xlix, 203.
— and naphtha, explosive compound produced from, xxiv, 315.
—, mode of filling tubes with, xxiv, 316.
Potatoe, found wild in South America, iv, 195.
—, fruitfulness of, iii, 381.
—, culture of, in France, xxvii, 176.
—, on the growth of, xii, 170.
—, precaution in planting, xxi, 159.
—, nutrition from,E. Iveson, i, 297.
—, mode of preserving, vi, 200; xvii, 188.
—, how to boil, xxiii, 201.
—, used in steam engine boilers, vii, 193.
—, oil from spirits of wine of, xxviii, 386.
—, essential oil of,A. Cahours, xxxii, 382.
— cheese, xviii, 395; xxiii, 202.
— flour for bread, xvi, 391.
— —, detection of, in wheat, xvii, 173.
—, molasses from,S. Guthrie, xxi, 93.
— starch, sugar from,S. Guthrie, xxi, 284.
—, Sweet, sugar in, xv, 285.
— fly, cantharidin in, ii, 137.
Potentilla supina, xiv, 114.
Pot-holes, made by means of running water, in the Green Mountains, vi, 252.
—, near the Franconia Notch, xxxiv, 122.
Potosi silver mines, xxiv, 233.
Potstone, Middlefield, Mass., viii, 51.
— of Greenland, xvii, 14.
Potter, C. E., notice of a rocking stone, xxiv, 185.f
Pottery, analysis of, xv, 183.
—, notice ofA. Brongniarton, xxxi, 134.
—, ancient American, xxvii, 175.
Powder of Cassius, purple, seeCassius.
— of Balda, viii, 204.
— mills, inflamed by the stroke of copper, xiii, 161.
Powders, fulminating, seeFulminating.
Powell, B., on the interference of light, xxxviii, 107.
—, on refractive indices, xxxviii, 107.
—, on the wave theory, xxxviii, 108.
—, on radiant heat, xl, 313.
—, on certain cases of elliptically polarized light, xliv, 171.
—, on the elliptic polarization of light, reflected from various substances, xlvi, 390.
Power of horses, xxi, 167.
Pozzuolana, iv, 373.
Practical Tourist, review of, xxiii, 213.
Prague, statistics of, ix, 184.
Prairies, origin of,R. W. Wells, i, 331.
—, — and extension of,R. Nutt, xxiii, 40.
— of the West,C. Atwater, i, 116.
— and barrens of the West,A. Bourne, ii, 30.
— of Alabama,W. W. McGuire, xxiv, 187; xxvi, 93.
— formation of Opelousas an Attakapas,W. M. Carpenter, xxxv, 344.
—, observations on,G. Jones, xxxiii, 226;
–dry prairies, 226;
comparison with Holland, 228.
— of Ohio, xxxiii, 230.
— of Texas,J. L. Riddell, xxxvii, 212.
—, Hog-wallow, of Texas, notice of, xxxix, 211.
Prase in Massachusetts, i, 344.
— in Rhode Island, viii, 226, 230.
— in Pennsylvania, viii, 238.
Precession of the equinoxes, remarks on, vii, 323f; viii, 132, 139.f
— —, constant of,O. Struve, xlvii, 91.
Precipitate, purple, of silver and gold, xxii, 198.
Prehnite,L. P. Walmstedton, ix, 378.
—, datholite, &c. at Kewenaw Point, Lake Superior,C. T. Jackson, xlix, 87.
—, in Connecticut, i, 50, 135; ii, 232; vi, 223.
—, in Massachusetts, i, 114; iii, 364.
—, in New Jersey, ii, 183, 191, 195, 197; v, 239; xl, 69; xliv, 58.
—, in Pennsylvania, x, 220.
Premiums by the French Academy of Sciences, for 1827, xiv, 380, 389.
— — —, for 1831, xxii, 194.
— offered by the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry, France, 1821, 1822, iv, 192.
— — —, for 1832-34, xxii, 359.
—, for Mechanical Arts, iv, 192.
—, for Chemical Arts, iv, 192.
—, for fabrication of Russian leather, iv, 193.
—, for Economical Arts, iv, 193.
—, for useful inventions in agriculture, xviii, 382.
—, for chemical and medical discoveries, xxii, 194.
—, scientific, xxiv, 210.
—, see farther underMedalsandPrizes.
Prenanthes aphylla, v, 299.
Preservation of objects in Natural History,iv, 198.
— of specimens of animals, directions for, xii, 271; xix, 52.
— — ibid, with arsenical soap, xix, 53.
— of zoological collections from insects,T. S. Trail, xv, 167.
— of animal and vegetable substances from insects,J. Macartney, xxxi, 367.
— of specimens, new mode of,J. L. Riddell, xxxv, 338.
— of eggs, Scotch method, xxvi, 188.
— — for cabinets, xxi, 161.
— of insects,T. Roger, xix, 213.
— —, xix, 56; xxi, 162.
—, of freshwater shells, xlii, 391.
— of Echini with the spines, xxix, 353.
— of skins, xxvi, 188.
— of fish skins for museums, xxxvi, 196.
— of anatomical preparations, vi, 384.
— of skeletons, xix, 57.
— of animal bodies, new mode of, by petrifaction,G. Segato, xxix, 359.
— of animal preparations, by Gannal's new process, xl, 194.
— of animal substances, salt for, xxx, 183.
— of crystalline lenses, xxvi, 216.
— of dead bodies, i, 307.
— of meats, &c. by Appert's process, xiii, 163.
— of fruits without sugar, method of, xv, 381.
— of substances by alkalies, xxiii, 383.
— of cordage, &c. from moisture, xxiii, 199.
— of firemen against fire and flame, xviii, 177; xx, 96.f
— of grain from mice, vii, 378.
— of timber by pyrolignite of iron,Boucherie, xl, 213.
— of the Royal George, xl, 213.
— from rust, a mode of, by means of caoutchouc, vi, 398.
— of iron from rust, xix, 203; xxi, 150; xxii, 382; xxiii, 199, 383.
Presl, notice of the Genera Fileacearum of, xxxix, 174.
Press, botanical,J. Locke, xxx, 54.f
—, printing, seePrinting.
Pressure in the ocean at great depths, seeOcean.
—, atmospheric, seeBarometrical.
— on the human body, variations of, and apparatus for withdrawing, xxxiv, 30.
—, effect of instantaneous, as compared with accumulative,C. Bonnycastle, xl, 32.
Price of labor and subsistence in some parts of Europe, xxxvi, 176.
Priestley, J.philosophical character of,W. Henry, xxiv, 28.
—, discoveries by, xxiv, 30.
Primula farinosa, iv, 59.
Prince, James, on the sea-serpent, ii, 154.
Prince, John, memoir of, xxxi, 201.f
Prince, W., a fruit, between the Spanish chesnut and the Maryland chinquapin, iii, 77.
Prince Regent's Inlet, geology of, xvii, 10.
Princeton, battle of, painted by J. Trumbull, xxxix, 231.
Principia of Newton, new edition of, vi, 379.
— —, review of, xi, 238; xii, 28, 330; xiii, 311.
Prinos coriaceus, v, 293.
Printing on zinc,x, 388.
—, a mode of stereotyping by Senefelder, xi, 386.
—, invention of stereotyping, xvii, 161.
—, stereotype, original papers byC. ColdenandB. Franklinon, xxiv, 319.
— designs, new mode of, vii, 191.
—, anastatic, xlix, 401.
— press, improvements in, by J. I. Wells, iii, 311.f
— —, inking machine, Wood's, xxiii, 103.f
— — for the blind, v, 385.
Prisons, Society for the Amelioration of, iii, 374.
Prizesoffered by the Royal Society of London, xxv, 412.
Prizegiven by the Royal Society toJ. F. W. Herschel, for a paper on double stars, xxv, 412.
— respecting the ammoniacal azoturet of potassium, offered by the St. Petersburg Academy, xxv, 205.
—, the Montyon, presented, xxv, 189.
—, the De Lalande, given to E. Sabine, xii, 194.
—, —, xxv, 190.
— of the Academy of Sciences, xiv, 380, 389; xxii, 194.
Problems, diophantine, xxxi, 156.
—, dynamical, new solutions of, xxxviii, 106.
Producta, seeZoology,Mollusca.
Profile mountain, New Hampshire,M. Field, xiv, 64f; xxxiv, 122.
Pronouns, nature of, explained, xxxiv, 337.
Proportions, definite, in Chemistry,D. Olmsted, xii, 1.
Prospect Hill, East Haven, Ct., scenery of, vii, 3.
Proteus of the North American Lakes,S. L. Mitchill, iv, 181; vii, 68.f
—,D. H. Barnes, xi, 285.
Protococcus kermesinus, analogous to red particles in blood, xxxvi, 206.
Prout, W., analysis of starch sugar, xxxv, 299.
Providence Franklin Society, xviii, 195.
— tornado,R. Hare, xliii, 137.
— —,W. C. Redfield, xliii, 263.f
Prunnerite, new mineral species, xx, 197.
Prussia, population of, ix, 184.
—, universities of, xx, 388.
Prussian travellers, vii, 195.
Prussiate of potash, red, deoxidation of,C. F. Schönbein, xlix, 203.
— —, manufacture of, at Glasgow,T. Thomson, xli, 49.
Prussian blue,new mode of preparing, viii, 380.
— —, researches into the manufacture of, xv, 178.
— —, formation and nature of, xviii, 332.
— —, manufacture of, at Glasgow, xli, 50.
Prussic acid,F. Magendieon, ii, 81.
— —, memoir on,B. L. Oliver, iii, 182.
— —, —,Orfila, xviii, 157.
— —, effect of muriatic and sulphuric acids on, xviii, 146.
— —, extraordinary production of,A. A. Hayes, xviii, 201.
— —, preservation of, xvi, 260.
— —, apparatus for the evolution of,R. Hare, xxix, 244.f
— —, impurities of, xix, 70.
— —, cases in which administered, iii, 187.
— —, efficacy in asthma, vi, 366.
— —, action of, on a horse, xii, 385.
— —, effects on vegetation, x, 190.
— —, chlorine an antidote for, xvii, 174; xxi, 157.
Pseudomorphine, a new vegetable extract, xxx, 179.
Pseudomorphism, observations on,J. D. Dana, xlviii, 81, 397.
Pseudomorphousminerals, account of, in a review ofJ. R. Blum'streatise, xlviii, 66.
— (crystallized) steatite, in Massachusetts,C. Dewey, iv, 274; v, 249; vi, 333; viii, 51.
— steatite, having the form of quartz, scapolite and spinel, xxi, 320.
— steatitic hornblende, analysis of,L. C. Beck, xlvi, 35.
— quartz, at Southampton lead mine, vi, 214; ix, 249.
— —, in Pennsylvania, x, 223.
— granite, vii, 22.f
Pseudomorphs, siliceous, in Hampshire Co., Mass., xii, 256.
Pseudo-volcanoes of the Upper Missouri, xlv, 154.
Psora, use of chloride of lime in, xvi, 395.
Pudding stone of Mount Toby, Mass., vi, 8, 69.
Pulkova Observatory, xlvii, 88.
Pulmonary consumption, work on,S. G. Morton, noticed, xxv, 424.
Pultowa, monument of, iii, 379.
Pumice, floating, xx, 161.
— at the Azores, iv, 259.
— of the Mississippi, iii, 247.
— of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, due to pseudo-volcanoes,J. N. Nicollet, xlv, 154.
Pump, by steam, xvi, 181.
—, air, seeAir pump.
Purple of Cassius, ii, 350; xx, 192; xxviii, 145; xlviii, 192.
Pursh, F., notice of the herbarium of, xl, 11.
—, botanical excursions of, xlii, 10.
—, notice of, ix, 269.
Putnam's rock, v, 37.
Putnam Hill, section of, xxix, 30.f
Putrefaction, animal, xviii, 397.
— of stagnant water, prevented by animal charcoal, x, 189.
Puvis, essay on lime as a manure, xxx, 138.
Pyrargillite, analysis and description of,Nordenskiöld, xxvi, 387.
Pyrenees, geological notice of, ix, 23.
—, botany of, remarks on, xiv, 377.
Pyrites, arsenical, in New Jersey, v, 244.
—, copper, see underCopper.
—, iron, origin of, in fossils, xxviii, 293.
—, —, occurrence of, in fossiliferous rocks, xxxi, 74.
—, —, investing quartz, vegetable stalks, &c.,L. Lyon, xii, 162.
—, —, in a peat field,J. T. Plummer, xliv, 312.f
—, —, specific gravity of, xix, 388.
—, —, cause of decomposition of, xix, 387.
—, —, of Rossie, complex crystal of, xlvi, 36.f
—, —, in Connecticut, i, 316; v, 44; vii, 56; x, 13; xxxiii, 160.
—, —, in Georgia, xxiv, 9.
—, —, in Kentucky, iii, 233.
—, —, in Massachusetts, viii, 54; x, 13, 18; xxii, 51.
—, —, in Missouri, iii, 67.
—, —, in New Hampshire, xviii, 129, 131.
—, —, in New Jersey, v, 28.
—, —, in New York, v, 12; xix, 224; xxv, 350; xxviii, 172.
—, —, in North and South Carolina, iii, 3; v, 262; xli, 183.
—, —, in Ohio, xvi, 156, 157.
—, —, in Pennsylvania, iv, 4; viii, 239; x, 222; xiv, 5, 6, 8, 13.
—, —, in Vermont, i, 115; iii, 76, 326; vi, 245.
Pyrochlore, analysis of,F. Wöhler, xviii, 392; xliii, 35.
— of Chesterfield, Mass.,J. E. Teschemacher, xlviii, 395.
—, identical with microlite,J. E. TeschemacherandA. A. Hayes, xliii, 33.
— and microlite, not identical,C. U. Shepard, xliii, 116; xlviii, 177.
—, analysis of, xlvi, 163.
Pyro-citric acid, new, vii, 187.
Pyro-gallic acid,J. Pelouze, xxviii, 126.
Pyrogenic acid, new, xxxiv, 206.
Pyroligneous acid, ii, 340; v, 188; ix, 201.
— —, purified by animal charcoal, xiii, 175.
— —, medical use of, ix, 201.
Pyrometer, steam,W. R. Johnson, xxii, 96.f
Pyromorphite, or phosphate of lead,C. Kersten, xxii, 307.
Pyrope at Brimfield, Mass., vi, 222.
Pyrophorus, explosion of, x, 366.
—, new, from tartrate of lead, ix, 207.
—, remarks on,Gay Lussac, xvii, 176.
—, new,R. Hare, xix, 173.
Pyrophyllite, xviii, 392.
Pyrophysalite, ix, 21.
Pyrotechny, history of, vii, 137.
—,J. Cutbushon, ix, 173.
Pyroxene, seeAugite.
Pyrrhite, xlvii, 340, 418.
Q.
Quackery, medical, iv, 390.
Quadrant,T. Godfrey, the inventor of, xxxv, 389.
Quadrupeds about Richmond, Indiana, xlvi, 244.
—, habits and anecdotes of, xlvi, 237, 243.
—, see farther underZoology.
Quantity of matter, effect of, on affinity, xvi, 234.
Quarantine, high temperatures disinfecting and affording a substitute for,W. Henry, xxi, 392.
Quartz,on certain cavities in,W. L. Atlee, xxxv, 139.f
—, from Elba, containing water, iv, 27.
—, American, containing liquids, ii, 14; ix, 246; (and coal) xl, 83.
—, naphtha in,C. Dewey, i, 345.
—, soft crystal of, v, 394.
—, gelatinous,Guillemin, xiv, 391.
— crystals, distorted, xlvi, 365f, 366.f
— —, in Canada, viii, 63.
— —, in Connecticut, i, 135; v, 41, 45;–(rose) i, 238; iv, 54; vi, 213, 251.
— —, in Maine, (smoky) xiii, 374; (rose) xviii, 297.
— —, in Massachusetts, i, 112, 113, 136; (rose) i, 116; vi, 247.
— —, in Missouri, iii, 67.
— —, in New Hampshire, (rose) xvii, 355; (smoky) xxxiv, 114.
— —, in New Jersey, ii, 197.
— —, in New York, i, 241; ii, 13; iii, 233; iv, 44; vi, 247; ix, 44.
— —, in North or South Carolina, iii, 5.
— —, in Pennsylvania, i, 237; ix, 45; x, 222; xiv, 5.
— —, in Rhode Island, viii, 230; ix, 46; xl, 185.
— —, in Vermont, vi, 249.
— —, near Lake Superior, smoky and amethyst, vii, 48.
—, pseudomorphous, in Massachusetts, at Southampton, vi, 214; ix, 249; xii, 256.
— —, in Pennsylvania, x, 223.
—, imitated by steatite, in Massachusetts, v, 249; vi, 333; viii, 51.
—, — —, in New Jersey, xxi, 320.
— rock of western Massachusetts, viii, 16.
— veins, origin of,G. Bischof, xlix, 396.
Quebec, cement of the Castle Rock,F. H. Baddely, xxviii, 367.
—, Literary and Historical Society, transactions of, xvii, 412; xxv, 211.
Queries, geological, proposed by the geologists of the New York State survey, xxxiii, 124.
— relative to mineral veins, xxxiii, 135.
Quicksilver mines of Spain, xxviii, 17.
— — of Idria, xxix, 219.
Quinby, A. B., investigations relative to the blowing machinery of blast furnace, xii, 128.
—, examination of the maximum and minimum effects of machines, xii, 346.
—, on crank motion, vii, 316f; ix, 317;x, 203; xi, 335;xi, 338f; xii, 344f; xiii, 73, 356.
—, on pitchback and breast wheels, xi, 333.
—, on high and low pressure boilers, ix, 313.f
—, on the spiral of Archimedes, ix, 316.f
—, new demonstrations on the theory of the overshot water-wheel, ix, 304f;x, 203; xi, 335.
Quinine, preparation of, xlvii, 196.
—, remarks upon, xx, 52.
—, sulphate of, frauds in, x, 386.
—, —, mode of detecting its adulteration with sugar, xiii, 400.
—, manufactures of, in France, xiv, 390.
Quinoline, xlvii, 196.
R.
Races of men, enumeration and characters of,S. G. Morton, xxxviii, 342f; xlvii, 206.
— —, stature of, xxii, 357.
—, Indian, of America, characteristics of,S. G. Morton, xxxviii, 345, 347, 360f; xlvii, 408.
— of the Andes, ancient, xxix, 358.
—, Peruvian, characteristics of ancient and modern,S. G. Morton, xxxviii, 361f, 365.f
Radiant heat, transmission of,M. Melloni, xxvii, 228.
— —,B. Powell, xl, 313.
Radiation of heat,A. D. Bache, xxx, 16; xxxiv, 39.
— —, apparatus for illustrating, xxviii, 320.f
Radius of the earth, xxxi, 234.
Rae, J., balloon raised by solar heat, xxxiii, 196.
Rafinesque, C. S., progress of vegetation near Philadelphia, i, 77.
—, on atmospherical dust, i, 397.
—, on the genus Flœrkea, i, 373.
—, new species of grass, Diplocea barbata, i, 252.
—, Cylactis, Nemopanthus and Polanisia, three genera of New York plants, i, 377.
—, description of the Xanthium maculatum, i, 151.
—, new genus (Exoglossum) of freshwater fish, i, 155.
—, Mustela vulpina, new species, i, 82.
—, Scytalus cupreus, or copper headed snake, i, 84.
—, sponges on Long Island shores, i, 149.
—, notice of the works of, xxix, 393, 394.
—, — of zoological writings of,S. S. Haldeman, xlii, 280.
—, — of the Botanical writings of, xl, 221.
Railroads in Austria, xx, 174.
— in the United States, extent of,J. Henry, xxxiii, 296.
—, Hudson and Mohawk, account of,S. D. Bloodgood, xxi, 141.