NOTES—CHAPTER I.

PRINTED BY J. S. VIRTUE AND CO., LIMITED, CITY ROAD, LONDON.

Some interesting remarks on the succession of the three periods and the possibility of abnormal variations from it will be found in a lecture to the Archæological Institute delivered by the late Mr. E. T. Stevens in 1872. (Arch. Journ., vol. xxix., p. 393.)

1872, p. 11,et seqq.

Mém., vol. xii., 163.

Archæologia, vol. ii. p. 118.

p. 778.

I would especially refer to an excellent article by the Rev. John Hodgson in Vol. I. of theArchæologia Æliana(A.D.1816), entitled “An inquiry into the æra when brass was used in purposes to which iron is now applied.”

“Op. et Di.,” I., 150.

“De Rerum Nat.,” v. 1282.

Suetonius, Vit. Aug., cap. lxxii. M. Salomon Reinach has disputed my views as to the meaning of this passage, but I see no reason for changing my opinion as to the “arma heroum” referring to “res vetustate notabiles.” (SeeMém. de l’Acad. des Inscr., 14th Dec., 1888.)

“Laconica,” cap. 3.

Op., ed. 1624, vol. i., p. 17.

Wilkinson, “Anc. Egypt.,” vol. iii. p. 241.

Æn., 1. vii. 743.

Χαλκεύειν δὲ καὶ τὸ σιδηρεύειν ἔλεγον, καὶ χαλκεάς τοὺς τὸν σίδηρον ἐργαζομένους, Jul. Pollux, “Onomasticon,” lib. vii. cap. 24.

Macrobius, “Saturnal.,” v. 19. Rhodiginus, “Antiq. Lect.,” xix. c. 10.

Met., lib. vii. 228.

Homer, Il., xxiii. 826.

Zeitsch. f. Ægypt. Sprache, &c.1870, p. 114.

Cong. Préh. Bruxelles, 1872, p. 242.

See a valuable paper by Dr. L. Beck,Arch. f. Anth., vol. xii. (1880) p. 293.

See De Rougemont, “L’Age du Bronze,” p. 159.

See Percy’s “Metallurgy,” vol. i. p. 873.

De Rougemont,op. cit., p. 158. See “Ancient Bronze Imps.,” p. 6,seqq.

Photii “Bibliotheca,”ed.1653, col. 1343.

Jour. Anth. Inst., vol. xx. p. 330.

Lib. i. c. 21.

“Das Grabfeld von Hallstatt und dessen Alterthümer.” Vienna, 1868.

London, 1881.

De Nat. Deor., Lib. ii. c. 28.

Lib. iv. c. 28.

Lib. i. v. 66.

“Early History of Mankind,” p. 218; 2nd edit. p. 221,q. v.

Lib. ii. 86.

Lib. i. 91.

Trans. Ethn. Soc., N. S., vol. vii. 112.

Exod. iv. 25.

Josh. v. 2.

Ib. xxiv. 30.

See also Tylor’s “Early History of Mankind,” 2nd ed., p. 217. The entire chapter on the Stone Age, Past and Present, is well worthy of careful perusal, and enters more fully into the whole question of the Stone Age throughout the world than comes within my province.

C. R. du Cong. Int. des Sc. Anth.1878. Paris 1880, p. 280.Comptes Rendus de l’Acad. des Sciences, vol. lxiii, August 28, 1871.

Comptes Rendus, 1871, vol. lxxiii. p. 540.

Livy, lib. i. c. 24.

Rapt. Proserp. I. 201.

“Horæ Ferales,” p. 136.Arch. Journ., vol. xi. p. 169.

Arch. für Anthropol., vol. iii. 16.

“Coins of the Ancient Britons,” pp. 42, 263,et alibi.

Herodian, lib. iii. c. 14.

“Cat. of Stone Ant. in R. I. A. Mus.,” p. 81.

Wood’s “Nat. Hist. of Man,” i. p. 97.

Klemm, “Allgemeine Culturwissenschaft,” part i. p. 86.Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. x. 360.

Mitchell’s “Past in the Present,” p. 10, 44.Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xix. p. 385, xx. p. 146, xxiii. p. 16.

Phil. Trans., 1860, p. 311.Archæologia, vol. xxxviii. p. 293.

“Prehistoric Times,” (1865), p. 60.

This chapter was for the most part written in 1868, and communicated to the International Congress of Prehistoric Archæology held at Norwich in that year. SeeTrans. Preh. Cong., 1868, p. 191, where a short abstract is given.

N. and Q.7th S., vol. x. p. 172.

Mat.3me S., vol. ii. (1885) p. 61.

Op. cit., p. 38.

Spec. Naturæ, lib. ix. sect. 13.

Morlot inRec. Arch., vol. v. (1862), p. 216.Geologist, vol. v. p. 192. Engelhardt found several similar pieces of pyrites at Thorsbjerg, with iron and other antiquities of about the fourth century of our era. He says that steels for striking fire are not at present known as belonging to the Early Iron Age of Denmark. This late use of pyrites affords strong evidence of iron and steel having been unknown to the makers of flint implements, for had they made use of iron hammers, the superior fire-giving properties of flint and iron would at once have been evident, and pyrites would probably soon have been superseded, at all events in countries where flint abounded.—Engelhardt, “Thorsbjerg Mosefund,” p. 60; p. 65 in the English edit. The quartz pebbles with grooves in them which belong to the Iron Age seem, however, to have been used for producing fire by means of a pointed steel.

Weddell, “Voyage towards the South Pole,” p. 167; Tylor, “Early History of Mankind,” 2nd edit., p. 249. Wood’s “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 522.

Hist. Nat., lib. xxxvi. cap. 19.

Lib. vii. cap. 56.

II. Macc. x. 3.

Æneid, i. v. 174.

Æneid, vi. v. 6. See also (Georg. I. 135)—“Ut silicis venis abstrusum excuderet ignem.” On this passage Fosbroke remarks (Enc. Ant. i. 307), “A stone with a vein was chosen as now.”

Eidyllia, v. 42.

Keller, “Lake-dwellings,” p. 119.

Vol. ii. p. 536. Bohn’s edit., 1846.

An interesting paper on tinder-boxes will be found inThe Reliquary, vii. p. 65. See also Mitchell’s “Past in the Present,” p. 100, andArch. Camb., 5th s., vol. vii. p. 294.

Stevens’. “Flint Chips,” p. 588.

Op. cit., vol. ii., p. 537.

“Classe Mathématique et Physique,” t. 3, an. ix. An abstract of this account is given in Rees’ Encyclop.,s. v. Gun-flint.

“Physische und technische Beschreibung der Flintensteine,” &c., von Hacquet. Wien, 1792, 8vo. A nearly similar account is given in Winckell’s “Handbuch für Juger,” &c., 1822, Theil iii. p. 546.

Skertchly,op. cit., p. 78.

Mat., 3me, s. ii., 1885, p. 61.

An account of the process of making gun-flints, written by the late Mr. James Wyatt, F.G.S., has been published in Stevens’ “Flint Chips,” p. 578. A set of gun-flint makers’ tools is in the Musée de St. Germain, and the process of manufacture has been described by M. G. de Mortillet (“Promenades,” p. 69). An account of a visit to Brandon is given by Mr. E. Lovett inProc. Soc. Ant. Scot., xxi p. 206, and an article on “Flint-Knapping,” by Mr. H. F. Wilson, is in theMagazine of Art, 1887, p. 404.

Seeposteap. 273.

Petrie, “Medum,” 1892, Pl. xxix., p. 18, 34.

Nature, vol. xxv. p. 8.

P. 52.

“Bosnia and Herzegovina,” 2nd ed. (1877), p. 153,B.A. Rep.1885, p. 1216.

“Stone Age,” p. 6.

“Lake-dwellings,” p. 36.

l. c.pp. 86 and 97.

Comptes Rendus, 1867, vol. lxv. p. 640.

Troyon, “Mon. de l’Antiquité,” p. 52.

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iv. p. 385.

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd series, vol. iii. p. 38.

Geol. Mag., vol. iii. (1866) p. 433.

“Monarquia Indiana,” lib. xvii. cap. 1, Seville, 1615, translated by E. B. Tylor, “Anahuac,” p. 331. See a correction of Mr. Tylor’s translation in theComptes Rendus, vol. lxvii. p. 1296.

Tylor’s “Anahuac,” p. 332.

P. 871.

Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, 1889, p. 59.

Tylor’s “Anahuac,” p. 99.

“Last Rambles amongst the Indians,” 1868, p. 188. The whole passage is reprinted in “Flint Chips,” p. 82.

B. B. Redding inAm. Naturalist, Nov., 1880.Nature, vol. xxi. p. 613.

Transactions of the Ethnological Society, N. S., vol. iv. p. 242.

Op. cit., N. S., vol. i. p. 138.

“Völkerkunde,” vol. ii. (1888), p. 748.

100

Zeitsch. f. Ethnol., vol. xvi. p. 222.

101

Rep. of U.S. Nat. Mus., 1888, Niblack, Pl. xxii.

102

Rep. of Bureau of Ethn., 1887–8, p. 95.

103

Anthrop. Rev., vol. iv. p. civ. Mr. Baines has also communicated an interesting letter on this subject, with illustrations, to Mackie’s “Geol. Repertory,” vol. i. p. 258.

104

Archæologia, vol. xl. p. 381. See also Prof. Steenstrup and Sir John Lubbock in theTrans. Ethnol. Soc., N. S., vol. v. p. 221.

105

Arch., vol. xlii. p. 68.Arch. Jour., vol. xxv. p. 88.Suss. Arch. Coll., vol. xxiv. p. 145.Jour. Anth. Inst., vol. v. p. 357; vi. p. 263, 430; vii. p. 413.

106

Journ. Ethnol. Soc., N. S., vol. ii. p. 419. See alsoProc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. viii. p. 419.

107

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. i. p. 73.

108

Pennant describes a flint axe as having been found stuck in a vein of coal exposed to the day in Craig y Parc, Monmouthshire.

109

“Rapport sur les Découvertes Géologiques et Archéologiques faites à Spiennes en 1867.” Par A. Briart, F. Cornet, et A. Houzeau de Lehaie. Mons, 1868. Malaise,Bull. de l’Ac. Roy. de Belg., 2° S. vols. xxi. and xxv., andGeol. Mag., vol. iii. p. 310. See alsoCong. Préh. Bruxelles, 1872, p. 279;l’Anthropologie, vol. ii. p. 326.Mat.3me s. vol. i. (1884), p. 65, likewiseBull. de la Soc. d’Anthrop. de Bruxelles, tom. viii. 1889–90, Pl I. C. Engelhardt has described Spiennes and Grime’s Graves in theAarb. for Oldkynd., 1871, p. 327. What appears to have been a neolithic flint mine at Crayford, Kent, has been described by Mr. Spurrell,Arch. Journ., vol. xxxvii. p. 332. The Deneholes were probably dug for the extraction of chalk and not of flint.

110

l’Anthropologie, vol. ii. (1891) 445.

111

Mat., 3me s. vol. iv. (1887) p. 1.

112

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxviii. 220.

113

Cochet, “Seine Inf.,” pp. 16. 528.Archivio per l’Antropol., &c., vol. i. p. 489.

114

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxx. (1896) p. 346.

115

Mat., vol. x. (1875) p. 521.

116

Lartet and Christy’s Rel. Aquit., p. 13.

117

Trans. Ethnol. Soc., N.S., vol. i. p. 139. See alsoRev. Arch., vol. iii. (1861) p. 341.

118

“Rel. Aquit.,” p. 18. For the loan of this cut I am indebted to the executors of the late Henry Christy. The same specimen has been engraved by the Rev. J. G. Wood. “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 717. Another example from Greenland is figured inMat., vol. vi. p. 140.

119

Gastaldi’s “Lake Habitations of Northern and Central Italy,” translated and edited by C. H. Chambers, M.A. (Anth. Soc., 1865), p. 106.

120

Mortillet,Mat. pour l’Hist. de l’Homme, vol. ii. p. 517.

121

“Flint Chips,” p. 78.

122

Arch. f. Anth., vol. vii, p. 263.Bull. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Survey, vol. iii. p. 547.

123

Nat., vol. xxi. p. 615.

124

Nat., vol. xxii. p. 97.

125

Amer. Anthrop., 1895, p. 307.Nat., vol. xx. p. 483.

126

Trans. Ethnol. Soc., N. S., vol. iii. p. 365. “Rel. Aquit.,” p. 17.

127

“Articles on Anth. Sub.,” 1882, p. 9.

128

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. p. 212.

129

Sixth voyage, “Pinkerton’s Travels,” vol. xiii. p. 36, quoted also in “Flint Chips,” p. 79.

130

Bracer, a girdle or bandage.

131

Schoolcraft, “Indian Tribes,” vol. iii. p. 81; see also 467.

132

Arch. Journ., vol. liii. 1896, p. 51.

133

P. 46.

134

Mortillet,Matériaux, vol. ii. p. 353.

135

“Pfahlbauten, 1ter Bericht,” p. 71. “Lake-dwellings,” pp. 18, 125. See also Lindenschmit, “Hohenz. Samml.,” taf. xxvii.

136

Proc. Ethnol. Soc., N. S., vol. vii. p. 47.

137

Anzeiger für Schweiz. Alterth., 1870, p. 123.

138

“Habit. Lacust.,” p. 19.

139

SeeComptes Rendus, vol. lxvii. p. 1292, where a suggestion is made of some stone implements from Java having been sawn in this manner.

140

An article by Dr. Rudolf Much on the preparation of Stone Implements is in theMitth. d. Auth. Ges. in Wien, 2d. S., vol. ii. (1883), p. 82; and one by Mr. J. D. McGuire, in theAmer. Anthrop., vol. v., 1892, p. 165. He has also written on the Evolution of the Art of Working in Stone, in a manner that has called forth a reply from Mr. C. H. Read, F.S.A.,Amer. Anthrop., 1893, p. 307; 1894. p. 997.

141

“Illahun, Kahun, and Gurob,” 1891, p. 51.

142

Fischer inArch. f. Anth., vol. xv., 1884, p. 463.

143

The Reliquary, vol. viii. p. 184.

144

Matériaux, vol. iv. p. 293.

145

“Prehist. Ann. of Scotland.” 2nd edit., vol. i. p. 193.

146

“Cat. Stone Ant. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 78.

147

P. 26.

148

Matériaux, vol. i. p. 463; vol. iii. p. 307.

149

Anz. f. Schweiz. Alt., 1870, pl. xii. 18–20.

150

Archivio per l’Ant. e la Etn., vol. xx. 1890, p. 378.

151

“Primeval Ants. of Denmark.” p. 16.

152

P. 392.Archiv für Anthrop., vol. iii. p. 187.

153

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. iii. pp. 228, 466.

154

Tylor, “Early Hist, of Mankind,” p. 248.

155

Wilkinson, “Anc. Egyptians,” vol. ii. pp. 180, 181; vol. iii. pp. 144, 172.

156

Odyss., ix. 384.

157

2nd ed., pp. 341et seqq.; see also “Flint Chips,” p. 96.

158

Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus.for 1894, p. 623.

159

“Guide ill. du Mus. des Ant. du Nord,” 2nd edit. p. 8.

160

Anzeiger f. Schweiz. Alt., 1870, pl. xii. 24. Munro’s “Lake Dw.,” fig. 24, No. 12.

161

Keller’s “Lake-dwellings,” p. 22. 1ter Bericht, p. 74. See alsoAnzeiger für Schweiz. Alterth., 1870, p. 139.

162

Aarsb. Soc. Nor. Ant., 1877, pl. i. 5. Montelius, “Ant. Suéd.,” 1874, fig. 34.

163

Morgenblatt, No. 253.

164

“Allgemeine Culturwissenschaft,” vol. i. p. 80. See also Preusker, “Blicke in die Vaterländische Vorzeit,” vol. i. p. 173.

165

Mém. de la Soc. des Ant. du Nord, 1863, p. 149.

166

“Heidnische Alterthümer,” p. 66.

167

“Alterthümer. u. h. V.,” vol. i. Heft viii. Taf. i.

168

“Frederico-Francisceum,” p. 111.

169

Journal of the Anthrop. Soc., vol. vi. p. xlii.

170

“Archæol. Undersögelser,” 1884.

171

“Smithson. Report,” 1868, p. 399. “Drilling in Stone without Metal.”

172

Schoolcraft, “Indian Tribes,” vol. i. p. 93.

173

Anzeiger f. Schweiz. Alt., 1870, p. 143.

174

Mitth. d. Anth. Ges. in Wien, vol. vii. (1878), p. 96.

175

“Habitations Lacustres,” p. 66.Rev. Arch., 1860, vol. i. p. 39.

176

Matériaux, vol. iii. p. 264.

177

Ibid., vol. iii. p. 294.

178

“Les Palafittes,” p. 19.

179

Keller, “Lake Dwellings,” xxv. 1. 7, p. 91.

180

Op. cit., xxvii. 11, 24, p. 110.

181

Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1881, p. 698.

182

“Thor’s Donnerkeil,” p. 13.

183

“Stone Age,” p. 79. The boring-tool is, in the English edition, mistakenly called a centre-bit.

184

“Stone Age,” p. 80.

185

Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 157.

186

“Mœurs des Sauv. Amér.,” 1724, vol. ii. p. 110. “Flint Chips,” p. 525.

187

Tylor, “Early Hist. of Mankind,” 2nd edit., p. 191. Wallace, “Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro,” p. 278.

188

C. C. Abbott inNature, vol. xiv. p. 154.

189

Cap. xix. v. 24. It also occurs in a quotation of the passage by St. Jerome, in his “Epist. ad Pammachium.” SeeAthenæum, June 11, 1870.

190

P. 329, 1. 23.

191

Vol. iii. p. 418.

192

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S. vol. vii. p. 395.

193

N. and Q., 5th S. vol. ix. p. 463.

194

Op. cit., x. p. 73.

195

Mitth. d. Anth. Ges. in Wien, vol. xxiv. (1894) p. 84.

196

Arch. f. Anth., vol. x. (1876) p. 140.

197

Barnes, “Notes on Ancient Britain,” 1858, p. 15.

198

Tylor, “Early Hist. of Man.,” 2nd ed. p. 226, which also see for many of the facts here quoted. See also Tylor’s “Prim. Culture,” vol. ii. p. 237, &c.

199

Halliwell, “Rambles in West Cornwall,” 1861, p. 205.Rev. Celt., 1870, p. 6. Polwhele’s “Traditions, &c.,” 1826, vol. ii. p. 607.Folk-lore Journ., vol. i. p. 191.

200

Sibbald mentions two perforatedcerauniæfound in Scotland. “Prod. Nat. Hist. Scot.,” ii. lib. iv. p. 49. See alsoProc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxiv. p. 379.

201

Comptes Rendus, 1864, vol. lix. p. 713. Cochet, “Seine Inf.,” p. 15. B. de Perthes, “Ant. Celt, et Antéd.,” vol. i. p. 522, &c.

202

F. C. Lukis, F.S.A., inReliquary, viii. p. 208.

203

Bull., Soc. de Borda, Dax, 1894, p. 159. See also De Nadaillac, “Les Premiers Hommes,” vol. i. p. 12; Cartailhac, “La France préh.,” p. 4.

204

Ibid.

205

Nilsson, “Stone Age,” pp. 199–201.

206

“Mus. Wormianum,” p. 74.

207

Preusker, “Blicke in die Vaterländische Vorzeit,” vol. i. p. 170.

208

“Old Northern Runic Monuments,” p. 205.Ant. Tidsskr., 1852–54, p. 258. Sjöborg, “Samlingar för Nordens Förnälskara,” vol. iii. p. 163.

209

Ant. Tidsskr., 1852–54, p. 8.Mém. de la Soc. des Ant. du Nord, 1850–60, p. 28.

210

Arch. Journ., vol. xxv. p. 116.

211

“Preh. Man,” vol. ii. p. 185.

212

Jahrb. d. V. v. Alth. am Rheinl., Heft lxxvii. 1884, p. 216, lxxix. 1885, p. 280.

213

Arch. f. Anth., vol. xxii. 1894, Corr. Bl. p. 102.

214

Mitth. d. Anth. Ges. in Wien, 1882, p. 159.Zeitsch. f. Eth., vol. xii. 1880, p. 252.

215

Notes and Queries, 2nd S., vol. viii. p. 92.

216

Tylor, “Early Hist. of Man.,” p. 227.

217

Ann. for Nord. Oldk., 1838, p. 159. Klemm., “C. G.,” vol. i. p. 268. Prinz Neuwied, ii. p. 35.

218

Nicolucci, “di Alcune Armi, &c., in Pietra,” 1863, p. 2.

219

“Mus. Mosc.,” 1672, p. 144.

220

Rev. Arch., vol. xv. p. 358; xvi. p. 145. Finlay, “Πρόιστ. Ἀρχάιολ.,” p. 5.

221

Alexius, Lib. iii. p. 93,et seqq., quoted by Gibbon, “Dec. and Fall,” c. 56.

222

Cartailhac, p. 4.

223

“Early Hist. of Mankind,” p. 211. Klemm, “Cultur-Geschichte,” vol. vi. p. 467.

224

Tylor,op. cit.214.

225

Franks,Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, p. 260.

226

Rev. Arch., vol. xxvii. 1895, p. 326.

227

Notes and Queries, 2nd S., vol. viii. p. 92.Arch. Journ., vol. xi. p. 121.

228

Arch. für Anthrop., vol. iv.Corr. Blatt, p. 48. Rumphius, “Curios. Amboin.,” p. 215.

229

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2d S., vol. iii. p. 97.

230

Proc. Ethnol. Soc., 1870, p. lxii.Jour. Anth. Inst., vol. i. p. lxi.

231

Proc. As. Soc. Beng., July, 1869.Nature, vol. ii. p. 104.

232

Noulet, “L’âge de la pierre en Cambodge,” Toulouse, 1877.

233

Morlot,Actes de la Soc. jurass. d’Emul., 1863. Earl, “Native Races of the Indian Archip.,” vol. v. p. 84.—Von Siebold,Nature, vol. xxxiv. 1886, p. 52.

234

Nature, vol. xxxii. 1885, p. 626.

235

Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, 1861, p. 81. Do., 1862, p. 325.

236

“Ausland,” 1874, p. 82.

237

Rev. T. J. Bowen, “Gram. and Dict. of Yoruba Language.” “Smithsonian Contr.,” vol. i. p. xvi., quoted by Dr. E. B. Tylor,Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, p. 14.

238

Jour. Anth. Inst., vol. xii. p. 450.

239

Arch. per l’Ant. e la Etn., vol. xiv. (1884), p. 371.

240

1882, p. 111.

241

Vol. iii. 1868, p. 1.

242

Arch. Journ., vol. xxv. p. 151.

243

Ibid. p. 103.

244

Matériaux, vol. iv. p. 9.

245

Mat., vol. xi. p. 538.

246

Mat., vol. xiv. p. 274.Bull. della Comm. Arch. Comunal. di Roma, 1870.

247

“Quæst. Græc.,” ed. 1624, p. 301.

248

Congrès Intern. d’Anth. et d’Arch. Préh., 1867, pp. 39, 40.

249

Kruse. “Necroliv.,” Nachtrag, p. 21.Journ. As. Soc. Beng., vol. v. p. 34.

250

See also Tylor,l. c., p. 228.

251

“Metallotheca Vaticana,” p. 242. De Rossi, “Scoperte Paleoetnol.,” 1867, p. 11.Mat., vol. x. p. 49.

252

“Lithographia Angerburgica,” cited inMat., vol. x. 297.

253

“Hist. et Mém.,” vol. xii. p. 163.Mat., vol. x. 146.

254

P. 397.

255

No. 201.

256

Aldrovandus, “Mus. Met.,” 1648, p. 607–611. Gesner, “de Fig. Lapid.,” p. 62–64. Boethius, “Hist. Gem.,” lib. ii. c. 261. Besler, “Gazophyl. Rer. Nat.,” tab. 34. Wormius, “Musæum,” lib. i. sec. 2, c. 12, p. 75. Moscardi, “Musæo,” 1672, p. 148. Lachmund, “de foss. Hildeshem.,” p. 23. Tollius “Gemm. et lapid. Historia,” Leiden, 1647, p. 480. De Laet, “de Gemm. et lapid.,” Leiden, 1647, p. 155.

257

Gesner, “de Fossilibus,” p. 62verso.

258

“De re metallicâ,” Basel, 1657, pp. 609, 610.

259

“Marbodæi Galli Cænomanensis de gemmarum lapidumque pretiosorum formis, &c.” (Cologne, 1539), p. 48.

260

“Hist. Nat.,” lib. xxxvii. c. 9. For a series of interesting Papers on “La Foudre, &c., dans l’Antiquité,” see M. Henri Martin in theRev. Arch., vol. xii.et seqq.

261

An interesting paper on “Bætuli” by Mr. G. F. Hill, is in theReliquary and Illustrated Archæologist, vol. ii. 1896, p. 23.

262

Geason, Scarce. “Scant and geason.” Harrison’s “England.”—Halliwell,Dict. of Archaic Words, s. v.

263

“Nec multo post in Cantabriæ lacum fulmen decidit, repertæque sunt duodecim secures, haud ambiguum summi imperii signum,” Galba, viii. c. 4.

264

SeeArch. Assoc. Journ., vol. iii. p. 127, and Wilde’s “Cat. R. I. A.,” p. 72.

265

Comptes Rendus de l’Ac. des Sci., 1865, vol. lxi. pp. 313, 357; 1866, lxiii. p. 1038.

266

Madsen, “Afbild.,” pl. iii. 1 to 3.Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selskabs Forhand., 1861, Fig. 1.

267

De Baye, “l’Arch. préhist.,” p. 55.

268

Lubbock, Preh. Times, 4th ed., p. 100.

269

Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selskabs Forh., 1861, p. 342.

270

Aarb. for. Nord. Oldk., 1891, p. 383. See also S. Müller,Mém. des Ant. du Nord, 1884–89, p. 371;Aarb., 1888, p. 238.

271

“Archæol. Undersögelser,” 1884, p. 3.

272

Jour. Anth. Inst., vol. ii., p. 368, pl. xxi.

273

Smithsonian Report, 1863, p. 379; 1868, p. 401. “Flint Chips,” 445.

274

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. v., p. 331.

275

Vol. xix., 53; xxxii., 173.

276

“Nænia Cornubiæ,” p. 194.

277

The discoveries of Mr. Worthington Smith at Caddington, a few miles from Dunstable, suggest the possibility of this specimen being, after all, palæolithic.

278

Jour. Eth. Soc., N. S., vol. ii., pl. xxviii. 7.

279

Arch., vol. xlii., pl. viii. 10, 11.

280

Arch. Assoc. Jour., vol. xlv., p. 114.

281

Arch., vol. xlii., pl. viii. 17.

282

Arch. Jour., vol. xxxi., p. 301.

283

“Exc. on Cranborne Chase,” vol. ii., pl. xc.

284

See also Chichester vol. of Arch. Inst., p. 61.

285

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. x., p. 34.

286

Rev. W. W. Gill, LL.D.,Rep. Austral. Assoc. for the Adv. of Science, vol. iv., 1892, p. 613.

287

Low’s Tour., quoted inFolklore Jour., vol. i., p. 191.

288

Aarb. f. Nord. Oldk., 1886, p. 200;Mèm. Soc. R. des Ant. du Nord, 1886–91, p. 227;Mat., 3rd. S., vol. v., 1888, p. 105.

289

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iv., p. 521.

290

Vol. vi., p. iii.

291

Jour. Eth. Soc., vol. ii., pl. xxviii. 4, 5.

292

Watelet, “Age de Pierre du Dép. de l’Aisne,” &c.

293

“Restes de l’Ind., &c.,” pl. xiii. 1.

294

Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 1.

295

SeeProc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. v., p. 113;Arch. Jour., vol. xxx., p. 28.

296

Zeitsch. f. Eth., vol. xii., p. 237.

297

Cong. Préh. Moscou, 1893, p. 249.

298

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. v., p. 94;Arch. Jour., vol. xxx., p. 35.

299

Suss. Arch. Coll., vol. ii., p. 268.

300

Vol. xlii., p. 53; xlv., p. 337.

301

Arch., vol. xlii., pl. viii. 1.

302

“Reliq. Aquit.,” A., pl. v.

303

Jour. Anth. Soc., 1869, p. cxii.

304

Trans. Ethnol. Soc., N. S., vol. iii., p. 269.

305

Smiths. Inst. Rep., 1894.

306

Vol. xlii., pl. viii. 18.

307

“Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 36.

308

Arch., vol. xlii. pl. viii. 21.

309

Trans. Norf. and Norw. Naturalists’ Soc., vol. v., 1891, p. 250.

310

Vol. xv., p. 122, pl. ii., iii., iv., v.

311

“South Wilts,” p. 75, pl. v., vi., vii.

312

Arch., vol. xv., pl. iv. 1. Hoare’s “South Wiltshire,” pl. v. 1. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 9b.

313

Arch. Assoc. Jour., vol. xxxvii., 1881, p. 214.

314

Arch. Jour., vol. xxxi., pp. 296, 301.

315

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xiv., p. 265; xxiv., p. 6.

316

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ix., p. 258.

317

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xi., p. 24.

318

“Vest. Ant. Derb.” p. 43. Cat., p. 31.

319

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi., p. 178.

320

SeeCambridge Antiq. Comms., vol. ii, 285, where there is a woodcut of the skull, andGeol. Mag., Dec. II., vol. i. p. 494.

321

Journ. Ethnol. Soc., 1869, vol. ii., pl. xv., fig. 11.

322

Proc. Soc. Ant., Scot., vol. xiv., p. 265.

323

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 406.

324

Journ. Ethnol. Soc., 1869, vol. ii., fig. 7.

325

A large celt formed of “indurated clay-stone with garnets,” is mentioned by Mr. F. C. Lukis, F.S.A., as having been found in the Channel Islands (Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. iii. 128).

326

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vii. p. 101.

327

P. S. A. S., vol. vii. 213.

328

Proc. Ethnol. Soc., 1870, p. xxxix.

329

“Man the Primeval Savage,” p. 310.

330

See “Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 8.

331

Vol. xvii., pl. xiv. “Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 10.

332

Arch. Journ., vol. xxviii., p. 242.

333

Surr. Arch. Coll., vol. xi. pp. 247, 248.

334

Arch. Journ., vol. ix. p. 194. “Salisbury vol.,” p. 112.

335

Arch. Æliana, vol. v. p. 102.

336

Arch. Journ., vol. xx. p. 192.

337

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S. vol. ix. p. 71.

338

Arch. Journ., vol. xxx. p. 284.

339

Anderson’s “Croydon: Preh. and Present,” pl. ii.

340

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xvi. 437.

341

L. Simonin, “La Vie Souterraine,” &c., 1867. Mortillet,Mat., vol. iii. p. 101.

342

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvii., pl. x. 1, p. 164.

343

Arch. Journ., vol. xlviii. p. 436.

344

Pp. 577, 578.

345

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. v., p. 34.

346

Arch. Journ.vol. xxvii. p. 238.

347

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ix. p. 71.

348

Arch., vol. xliii. p. 406.

349

Arch., vol. xii. pl. ii. 1.

350

Arch., vol. vii. p. 414;Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. vi. 37.

351

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxvi. p. 175; xxviii. p. 322.

352

P. S. A. S., vol. xvii. p. 382; xxviii. p. 329.

353

Op. cit., vol. x. p. 600; xvii. p. 383.

354

Op. cit., vol. ix. p. 346; xvii. p. 384.

355

Op. cit., vol. xxiii. p. 272.

356

Ibid.

357

Bonstetten, “Supp. au Rec. d’Ant. Suisses,” pl. ii. 1.

358

Proc. Ethnol. Soc., 1870, p. cxxxvii.

359

Mortillet, “Promenades,” p. 145; “Mus. Préh.,” No. 459.

360

See the account of the discovery,Rev. Arch., 3rd S., vol. xxiv. (1894), p. 260.

361

“L’homme Fossile,” 2nd Ed., p. 147.

362

Van Overloop. Pl. ix. and x.

363

Lindenschmit, “Alt. u. H. V.,” vol. i., Heft. vol. ii., Taf. i. 19, &c.

364

Voss. “Phot. Album,” vol. vi., sec. vi.

365

Jahrb. d. V. v. Alt. im Rh., L. p. 290.

366

xix. p. 119. See also, for the origin of Jade, Fischer’s “Jadeit und Nephrit,” Westropp inJourn. Anth. Inst., vol. x. p. 359, and Rudler inBrit. Assoc. Rep., 1890, p. 971.

367

Mitth. d. Ant. Ges. in Wien, N. S., vol. iii. 1883, p. 213–216.

368

Op. cit., N. S., vol. v. 1885, p. 1.

369

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. x., p. 359; xx. p. 332; xxi., pp. 319, 493;Aarbög. f. Oldkynd., 1889, p. 149.

370

Calcutta, 1871.

371

Vol. xvi., pl. lii. p. 361.

372

Canon Greenwell, F.R.S.

373

Mr. James Brown.

374

Mr. Frank Buckland, F.Z.S.

375

Rev. S. Banks.

376

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol1xvi. p. 408.

377

“Stone Age,” p. 63.

378

Vol. iv. p. 2.

379

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iii. p. 486.

380

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xiii. p. 306.

381

Z. f. Eth., 1878. Supp. pl. iii.

382

“Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 14.

383

Nature, vol. xxx. p. 515. See alsoArchiv. f. Anth., vol. xvi. p. 241, andProc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ix. p. 211.

384

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xvii. p. 66.

385

Proc. As. Soc. Beng., Sept., 1870.Proc. Ethnol. Soc., 1870, p. lxii.

386

Kanda’s, “Stone Implements of Japan,”Nature, vol. xxxi. p. 538;Cong. Préh. Bruxelles, 1872, p. 337.

387

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxvi., p. 404.

388

Tr. Dev. Assoc., vol. xix. p. 56.

389

See “Acct. of Soc. Ant. of Scot.,” p. 55.

390

“Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 11.

391

“Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 13.Arch. Journ., vol. xv. p. 178.

392

“Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 7.

393

Arch. Journ., vol. vii. p. 389.

394

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xv., p. 232.

395

Proc. Soc. Ant., vol. iii. p. 225.

396

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ix. p. 174.

397

Journ. Ethn. Soc., vol. ii. p. 165.

398

Journ. Ethn. Soc., vol. ii. p. 165.

399

Mem. Accad. R. di Torino, Ser. 2, vol. xxvi., Tav. iv. 4.

400

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i., pl. xi. 3; xiv. 2.

401

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. x. p. 105.

402

“Horæ Ferales,” pl. ii. 5.

403

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xvii. pp. 14, 15, 18, 19.

404

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. vi. p. 235.

405

Journ. Ethnol. Soc., vol. ii. pl. xxx. 3.

406

Dawkins’ “Cave-hunting,” p. 157.Arch. Camb., 4th S., vol. iii., 1872, p. 30.

407

See Schliemann’s “Mycenæ,” p. 76; “Troy,” p. 71;Rev. Arch., vol. xxxiv. p. 163, &c., &c.

408

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. p. 91. Other North American celts are engraved in the “Anc. Mon. of the Miss. Valley,” pp. 217, 218; Squier, “Abor. Mon. of New York,” p. 77.

409

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. i. p. xcvi., pl. ii.Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1870, p. 154.

410

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xii. p. 449, pl. xiii.

411

“Anc. Mon. of Miss. Val.,” p. 215, fig. 106.

412

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xv. p. 245.

413

P. S. A. S., vol. xxvii. p. 370.

414

Wilson’s “Preh. Man,” vol. i. p. 154. Seepostea, p. 150.

415

Vol. xvii. p. 222.

416

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. v. pp. 300, 442.

417

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxix. p. 343. Cumming’s “Churches and Ants. of Cury and Gunwalloe,” 1875, p. 66.

418

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iv. p. 62: xi. p. 514.

419

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 514.

420

P. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 207.

421

P. S. A. S., vol. xvii. p. 16.

422

“Acct. of Soc. Ant. of Scot.,” 1782, p. 91.

423

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xvii. p. 15.

424

Vol. vi., 1865.

425

Arch., vol. xliv. p. 281.

426

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. vi. p. 438.

427

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ix. p. 174.

428

“Etudes Paléoethnol.,” pl. viii. 5.

429

Trans. Ethnol. Soc., N. S., vol. vii. p. 46.

430

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. p. 179.

431

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xvii. p. 14.

432

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xii. p. 119; xxiii. p. 201.

433

Mat.vol. xiii. p. 135; xv. p. 462. “Mus. préh.,” No. 463.

434

Jan. 7, 1868. See alsoReliquary, vol. viii. p. 184.

435

“Mus. préh.,” No. 430.

436

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. ii., pl. xliv.

437

“Anc. Mon. of Miss. Valley,” p. 218.

438

Lubbock “Preh. Times,” 4th ed. p. 513, figs. 215, 216.

439

Arch. Journ., vol. viii. p. 422.

440

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. x. p. 509. Dalgarno, “Notes on Slains, &c.,” 1876, p. 6.

441

P.S.A.S., vol. xviii. p. 77.

442

Lubbock,op. cit., p. 102, fig. 111–113.

443

“Vestiges of the Ants. of Derb.,” p. 53.

444

Mat.vol. xvi. p. 464.

445

Im Thurn, “Among the Indians of Guiana,” 1883, pl. x. 4.

446

Chantre, “Le Caucase,” 1885, pl. ii. 9.

447

“Indicateur Arch. de Civrui,” 1865, p. 271.

448

Mat.3rd S., vol. i., 1884, p. 243.

449

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. i., p. 281.

450

Bonstetten, “Supp. au Rec. d’Ant. Suisses,” pl. ii., 1.

451

Arch. Camb., 3rd S., vol. vi., p. 303. Watelet, “Age de Pierre dans le Dépt. de l’Aisne,” pl. v. 9. “Ep. Antéd. et Celt. de Poitou,” pl. x. 7.Rev. Arch., vol xii., pl. xv., i.;op. cit., vol. xv., pl. viii. and x. Lindenschmit, “Hohenz. Samml.,” Taf. xliii., No. 12. I have an example that I bought in Florence.

452

Wilde, “Cat. Mus. R. I. Ac.,” p. 44.

453

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 6.

454

Journ. Ethn. Soc., vol. ii. p. 157.

455

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxxix. p. 344.

456

“South Wilts,” p. 75.Arch., vol. xv. p. 122.

457

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. vi. p. 3.

458

Arch. Journ., vol. x. p. 161.

459

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iv. p. 396.

460

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. 48.

461

Arch. Journ., vol. vi. p. 17; xvii. 170.

462

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xii. p. 177.

463

Sussex Arch. Coll., vol. ii. p. 258.

464

Arch., vol. xix. p. 183.

465

Surrey Arch. Coll., 1868, pl. iii. 6.

466

“Exc. on Cranborne Chase,” vol. i. pl. lvii.

467

“Durobrivæ,” pl. xxix. 4.

468

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 249.

469

Douglas, “Nænia,” p. 92.

470

Rev. Arch., vol. xx. p. 322.

471

Rev. Arch., vol. iv. p. 484.

472

Ann. for Nordisk Oldkynd., 1838–9, p. 176.

473

Cong. Intern. d’Anth. et d’Arch. Préh., 1867, p. 119.

474

Kirchner has collected a number of cases.—“Thor’s Donner-Keil,” p. 27.

475

“Dictionarium Saxonico-et Gothico-Latinum,”s. v.

476

“Twybyl, a wryhtys instrument,” is in the “Promptorium Parvulorum” translatedbisacutaorbiceps, and “Twybyl or mattoke,”Marra, orligo.

477

1855, vol. ii. p. 811.

478

Vol. xi., 1876, p. 385.

479

Mitth. d. Anth. Gesellsch. in Wien, vol. vii., 1878, p. 7.

480

O’Curry, “Mann. and Cust. of the Anc. Irish,” vol. i. p. cccclviii.

481

Wright’s “The Celt, the Roman, and the Saxon,” p. 72.

482

“Stone Age,” p. 73.

483

“Georg.,” lib. i. 62.

484

See p. 105supra.

485

A woodcut of these is given in theArch. Assoc. Journ., vol. iv. p. 105. The objects are now in the British Museum.

486

“South Wilts,” p. 85.

487

“Ten Years’ Diggings,” p. 221.

488

Ibid., p. 222.

489

“Vestiges of the Ant. of Derbyshire,” p. 53.

490

Ibid., p. 42.

491

“Vestiges of the Ant. of Derbyshire,” p. 49.

492

“Ten Years’ Diggings,” p. 216.

493

Vol. viii. p. 86.

494

Suss. Arch. Coll.vol. xxxii. p. 175.

495

P. 112supra.

496

P. 135. SeeProc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. p. 179.

497

“Cat. Arch. Inst. Mus. at Edinburgh,” p. 8.

498

Arch. Journ., vol. viii. p. 422.

499

“Cat. A. I. Mus. at Edin.,” p. 10.

500

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 82.

501

Journ. Ethnol. Soc., vol. ii. p. 159.

502

Vol. i. p. 53. See p. 129,supra.Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. i. p. 44.

503

Arch., vol. xli. p. 405.

504

“Horæ Fer.,” p. 134.Trans. Hist. Soc. Lanc. and Chesh., vol. xiv. pl. ii. 3.

505

Vol. iv. 112.

506

“Stone Age,” Eng. ed., p. 65.

507

Vol. xliv., pl. viii. fig. 3.

508

Rev. Arch., vol. xviii. p. 268. Mus. Préh. No. 442.

509

Cartailhac, “La France préh.,” p. 237.

510

Suss. Arch. Coll., vol. xxxix. p. 97.

511

Lit. Gaz., 1822, p. 605, quoted inN. and Q., 2nd S., vol. vi. p. 32.

512

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ix. p. 460.

513

Op. cit., vol. xxx. p. 6.

514

“La Suède préhist.,” 1874, p. 21.

515

“Musée préhist.,” 1881, No. 428.

516

Wilde, “Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 46.

517

Arch. Journ., vol. iv. p. 3.

518

Wood Martin’s “Lake-dw. of Irel.,” 1886, p. 59, pl. vi. 7.

519

Keller’s “Lake-Dwellings,” Eng. ed., pl. x. 14.

520

Ibid., pl. xi. 1.

521

Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. i. pp. 321, 404.

522

Squier, “Abor. Mon. of New York,” p. 180.

523

Mitth. d. Ant. Ges. in Wien, vol. ix., 1880, p. 135, pl. i.

524

“Aventures du Sieur C. le Beau,” Amsterdam, 1738, p. 235. Quoted inArch. per l’Ant. e la Et., vol. xiv. p. 372.

525

Quoted in “Anc. Mon. of Miss. Valley,” p. 198.

526

Zeitsch. f. Eth., vol. xxiv., 1892, p. (229), pl. v. 2.

527

Ratzel, “Völkerk,” vol. ii. p. 246.

528

Intern. Arch. f. Eth., vol. ii. p. 272.Arch. per l’Ant. e la Etn., vol. xx. p. 65.

529

2nd S., vol. i. p. 102. See also Ratzel, “Völkerk.,” vol. ii. p. 582.

530

Int. Arch. f. Ethn., vol. iii. p. 195.

531

“Musæum Metallicum,” p. 158.

532

It has also been figured by Klemm, “Cult.-Wiss.,” vol. i. fig. 136.

533

“Cult.-Gesch.,” vol. ii. Taf. vi. a.b.

534

SeeInt. Arch. f. Eth., Bd.ix., Supp. pl. iii.

535

Klemm’s “Allgemeine Cultur-Wiss.,” vol. i. p. 71, whence I have copied the figure. See also “Cult.-Gesch.,” vol. ii., p. 352.

536

Skelton’s “Meyrick’s Armour,” pl., cl. 1.

537

“Lake-Dwellings,” pl. x. 7; 5ter “Bericht,” pl. x. 17. Another from St. Aubin is engraved by Chantre, “Etudes Paléoethn.,” pl. xi. Keller has published several others. See also “Ant. Lac. du Mus. de Lausanne,” 1896, pl. iii.

538

“Palafittes,” fig. 17. See also Troyon, “Habit. Lacust.”; but some of his engravings, like those of Meillet in the “Epoques Antédil. et Celtique de Poitou,” appear to have been made from modern fabrications.

539

Keller, “Lake-Dwellings,” pl. xxii. 7. “Mus. de Lausanne,” 1896, pl. iii.

540

Wilde’s “Cat. Mus. R.I.A.,” p. 251; Lindenschmit, “Sigmaringen,” pl. xxix. 7; Keller, “Lake-Dwellings,” pl. ii.

541

Ibid., pl. xxii. 12.

542

“Note sur un Foyer, &c.,” Châlon, 1870. pl. iv.

543

Cochet, “Seine Inf.,” 2nd ed., p. 16.

544

Rev. Arch., vol. xv. p. 364, pl. viii.; Mortillet, “Promenades,” p. 123.

545

Matériaux, vol. v. p. 96.

546

Vol. xxi. p. 54. See also vol. xiv. p. 82.

547

Hoare’s “South Wilts.” pl. xxi.

548

Arch. Journ., vol. xxi. p. 54.

549

B. de Perthes’ “Antiquités Celtiques, &c.,” vol. i. p. 282, pl. i., ii.

550

Rev. Arch., vol. xxxv. p. 307, whence the cut is copied on a reduced scale.

551

Arch. Préh., 1880, p. 99, pl. i. and v.Mat., vol. xvi. p. 298.

552

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. iv. p. 105.Supra, p. 148.

553

“Palafittes,” fig. 18.

554

“L’Homme Fossile,” 2nd ed. p. 149.

555

“L’Homme pend. les Ages de la Pierre.” p. 214.

556

“Les Ages de la Pierre en Belgique,” pl. ix.

557

L’Anthropologie, vol. i. p. 385.

558

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xviii. p. 365.

559

Ratzel, “Völkerk,” vol. ii. 245, 247, &c.

560

“Les armes et les outils préh. réconst.,” Paris, 1872.

561

“Lake-Dwellings,” Eng. ed., p. 110. See also pl. x. 16, xi. 2, and xxviii. 24; and Lindenschmit, “Hohenz. Samml.,” pl. xxix. 4.

562

“Cultur-Wiss.,” fig. 127, p. 70.

563

“Alt. u. H. V.,” vol. ii. Heft viii. Taf. i. 7;Archiv. für Anthropol., vol. iii. p. 105.Jahrb. d. Ver. f. Alt. im Rhein., lxi. (1877) p. 156.

564

Bericht Nat. Hist. Verein, Bremen, 1879.

565

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xi. p. (162).

566

“Reliq. Aquit.,” fig. 12.

567

Vol. iv. p. 297.

568

“Etudes Paléoeth.,” pl. xii. See also Worsaae, “Primev. Ants. of Denmark,” p. 12; “Dänemark’s Vorz.,” p. 10; and “Danmark’s Tidligste Bebyggelse,” 1861, p. 17.

569

1868, vol. lxvii. p. 1285.

570

“Cultur-Wiss.,” p. 70.

571

Proc. S. A. S., vol. ii. pp. 423, 424; Wilson’s “Preh. Man,” vol. i. p. 156.

572

“Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 32.

573

Op. cit., vol. ii. p. 201.

574

Op. cit., vol. ii. pp. 369, 373.

575

Int. Arch. f. Ethn., vol. iii. p. 181, pl. xv. 1, 2.

576

Rev. Arch., vol. xviii. p. 266.

577

Vol. xxxiv. p. 172.

578

P. S. A. S., vol. x. p. 263. See also “Notes on some Australian and other Stone Implements,” by Prof. Liversidge, F.R.S. (Journ. R. S. of New South Wales, vol. xxviii., 1894), and Mr. E. J. Hardman’s account of some West Australian implements (Wood Martin’s “Rude St. Mons. of Ireland,” 1888, p. 115).

579

“Journ. of Voy. to N. S. Wales,” p. 293; Klemm, “Cult.-Gesch.,” vol. i. p. 308.

580

“Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 32.Conf.Worsaae, “Dänemark’s Vorz.,” p. 10.

581

Vol. xxxi. p. 452.

582

See Jones’s “Hist. of Ojibway Indians.”

583

“Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 652.Conf.Catlin, “N. A. Ind.,” vol. i. pl. xcix.f.

584

Col. A. Lane-Fox, “Prim. Warf.,” part ii. p. 17.

585

“Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. pl. xv. 1, p. 285.

586

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxvii. p. 49.

587

Vol. xxiv. p. 80.

588

“Arch. of Mersey District,” 1867, p. 15.

589

Arch., vol. xxxii. p. 400;Proc. Soc. Ant., 1st s. vol. i. p. 131.

590

Worsaae’s “Nordiske Oldsager,” fig. 14.

591

Chantre, “Le Caucase,” 1855, vol. i. p. 50, pl. ii.

592

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. ii. pl. 73; Klemm, “Cult.-Gesch.,” vol. ii. p. 62.

593

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. v. p. 287.

594

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xi. p. 448.

595

Int. Arch. f. Eth., vol. v., Supp. pl. i.

596

“Illahun” (1891), p. 55.

597

“Kahun,” pl. xvi. “Illahun.” pl. vii.

598

“Medum” (1892), Frontisp. 14, p. 31.

599

Vol. xxxiv. p. 172. See also Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 32.

600

Bonwick’s “Daily Life of the Tasmanians,” p. 44;Trans. Ethnol. Soc., N. S., vol. iii. p. 267. Several specimens are figured in Ratzel, “Völkerk,” vol. ii. p. 46.

601

SeeArch. per l’Anth. e la Etn., vol. xxv., 1895, p. 283.

602

Proc. Soc. Ant., 1st s. vol. ii. p. 305.

603

Quoted by Klemm, “C. G.,” vol. i. p. 268.

604

Journ. Eth. Soc., vol. ii. p. 109, fig. 7.

605

Nat.vol. x. p. 173.

606

“Smithsonian Contributions,” 1876, p. 46.

607

(London, 1872) pl. ii. p. 66.

608

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. v. p. 327. See also R. Brough Smyth, “Aborig. of Victoria,” vol. i. p. 357.

609

It is, however, to be observed that among the North American Indians fire was the great agent employed in felling trees and in excavating canoes, the stone hatchet being called in aid principally to remove the charred wood.—Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. p. 75.

610

Arch. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 170.

611

Wilde, “Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 27.

612

Archæologia, vol. xli. p. 402, pl. xviii. 7.

613

“Brit. Barrows,” pp. 225, 396.

614

“Le Camp de Catenoy,” N. Ponthieux, Beauvais, 1872, pl. v. i.

615

Parenteau, “Invent. Archéol.,” 1878, pl. i. 2.

616

“Flint Chips,” p. 76.

617

Proc. Suff. Inst. Arch., vol. vii. p. 209.

618

“Seine Inf.,” 2nd ed., p. 528.

619

“Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 27.

620

Worsaae, “Nord. Olds.” Nos. 20, 22; Nilsson, “Stone Age,” pl. vi. 127.

621

“Hohenz. Samml.,” Taf. xliii. 5.

622

“Etude Préhist. sur la Savoie,” 1869, pl. ii. 4.

623

Desor, “Palafittes,” p. 23, fig. 19.

624

Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 201.

625

Nilsson, “Stone Age,” pl. vi. 129, p. 54.

626

Int. Arch. f. Ethn., vol. ii. p. 273.

627

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 181.

628

Arch., vol. xli. pl. xviii. 10.

629

Mém. Soc. R. des Ant. du Nord, 1872–77, p. 105.Zeitsch. f. Eth.vol. xix. p. 413.

630

Cartailhac, “Ages préh. de l’Esp. et du Port.,” p. 91.

631

Trans. Ethn. Soc., N. S., vol. vii. p. 47.

632

Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, p. 130.

633

Schoolcraft, “Indian Tribes,” vol. iv. p. 175.

634

Sproat, “Scenes and Studies of Savage Life,” p. 316.

635

Wilson, “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 191;Arch. Scot., vol. i. p. 291.

636

“Itin. Curios.,” 2nd ed., vol. i. p. 57.

637

P. 58.

638

“Necrolivonica,” Beil. C., p. 23; and Nachtrag, p. 20.

639

“Stone Age,” p. 71.

640

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xviii. p. 310.

641

P. S. A. S., vol. xxiv. p. 277.

642

“Heidnische Alterthümer,” 1846, pl. vi. 16.

643

Vol. ii. fig. 144.

644

Vol. ix. p. 120. SeeArch. Journ., vol. xiii. p. 184, and vol. xv. p. 90.

645

Greenwell, inArch., vol. lii. p. 60.

646

Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 174.

647

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xx. pl. vii. 1.

648

“Ten Years’ Diggings,” p. 155.

649

“Vest. of Ants. of Derbyshire,” p. 7.

650

“Ants. of Worcestershire,” pl. iv. 8 and 9.

651

P. 108, No. 4.

652

Arch. Journ., vol. vii. p. 399.

653

Pl. iii. 9.

654

Aspelin, “Ant. du Nord Finno-Ougrien,” No. 78.

655

“Mém. sur les Restes d’Indust.,” &c., 1866, pl. x. 12.

656

Mortillet, “Promenades,” p. 146.

657

Cong. préh. Bologne, 1871, p. 101.Do. Buda-Pest, 1876, p. 87. “Mus. Préh.,” No. 500.

658

Rev. Arch., 3rd S., vol. vii. p. 66.

659

Arch. Journ., vol. iii. p. 67.

660

P. 17, pl. ii. 3.

661

“Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 193.

662

Simony, “Alt. von Hallstatt,” p. 9; Taf. vi. 3.

663

Vol. iii. p. 128.

664

Trans. Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii., 1896, p. 176.

665

Journ. Ethnol. Soc., vol. ii. pl. xvi. 14.

666

“Nordiske Oldsager,” No. 50.

667

“Alterthümer,” vol. i. Heft ii. Taf. i. 10 and 12.

668

Smithsonian Report, 1863, p. 379.

669

Anz. f. Schw. Alt., 1870, p. 141.

670

Mitth. Auth. Ges. in Wien, vol. xxv. (1895) p. 39.

671

Tr. Dev. Assoc., vol. xxii. p. 44.

672

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd. S., vol. iv. p. 339.Arch., vol. xliii. p. 410. A. C. Smith’s “Ant. of North Wilts.,” p. 168. “Salisbury Vol. Arch. Inst.,” 1849, p. 110;Arch. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 29.

673

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxv. p. 272.

674

Pr. Lanc. and Ch. Arch. Soc., vol. xi. p. 172.

675

“Essai sur les Dolmens,” pl. iv. 1.

676

P. S. A. S., vol. viii. p. 264.

677

P. S. A. S., vol. xxiii. p. 208.

678

Wilde, “Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 79.

679

“Alt. u. H. V.,” vol. i. Heft i. Taf. i. 18.

680

Matériaux, vol. i. p. 462.

681

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 158.

682

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 63. Cat., p. 6, No. 49.

683

Skelton’s “Meyrick’s Armour,” pl. xlvi. 3.

684

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxix. p. 6.

685

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 266.

686

Trans. E. R. Ant. Soc., vol. ii. 1894, p. 21.

687

“Horæ Ferales,” pl. iii. 4.

688

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 295.

689

“Vestiges of Ants. of Derbyshire,” p. 7; Cat., No. 36; Brigg’s “History of Melbourne,” p. 15; Wright’s “Celt, Roman, and Saxon,” p. 69.

690

“Ten Years’ Diggings,” p. 227. Cat., p. 25, No. 256.

691

Worsaae, “Nord. Olds.,” No. 109; Lindenschmit, “Alt. u. H. V.,” vol. i. Heft iv. Taf. i. 5, 6.

692

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xxiv., 1892, p. (178).

693

Lindenschmit,op. cit., vol. i. Heft i. Taf. i. 8, 9, and 10.

694

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ii. p. 306; xviii. p. 319; “Cat. Arch. Inst. Mus. Ed.,” p. 19; “Horæ Ferales,” pl. iii. 20; “Sculpt. Stones of Scot.,” vol. i. p. xx.; Wilson, “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. pl. iii.

695

P. S. A. S., vol. ix. p. 383, pl. xxii.

696

P. S. A. S., vol. xxi. p. 264.

697

Arch. Journ., vol. xii. p. 277.

698

Vol. iii. p. 234.

699

Arch. Camb., 5th S., vol. v. p. 170.

700

Montg. Coll., vol. xiv. p. 271.

701

Arch. Journ., vol. xxxi. p. 302.

702

Vol. viii. p. 421.

703

“Cat. Arch. Inst., Mus., Ed.” p. 6.

704

Ibid., p. 45.

705

Arch. Scot., vol. iii., App., p. 121.

706

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vii. p. 478.

707

Ibid., vol. iv. p. 55.

708

Ibid., vol. vi. p. 86.

709

Ibid., vol. iv. p. 379.

710

Pl. xlviii. 1.

711

SeeP. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 568; xiv. p. 126; xv. p. 266; xvi. p. 76; xxiii. p. 205, 210; and Smith’s “Preh. Man in Ayrshire,” 1895, p. 39.

712

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xv., p. 232.

713

Geologist, vol. vii. p. 56.

714

Arch. Ael., vol. xii. p. 118.

715

“Cat. Arch. Inst. Mus., Ed.,” p. 38.

716

Arch. Journ., vol. x. p. 65.

717

Arch., vol. xliv. p. 284.

718

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. viii. p. 489.

719

Tr. Lanc. and Chesh. Ant. Soc., vol. v. p. 327. See also xi. p. 171.

720

Tr. Dev. Assoc., vol. xxvi. p. 51.

721

Tr. Dev. Assoc., vol. xxii. p. 208.

722

Rep. Leic. Lit. and Phil. Soc., 1887–8, pl. iii.

723

Mem. Real. Acc. delle Scienze, &c., di Torino, Ser. II., vol. xxvi. Ta. i. 1. See also for Italy,Bull. di Pal. Ital., 1882, p. 1.

724

Vol. xvii. p. 20.

725

Vol. ii. p. 125.

726

Vol. xxxi. p. 452.

727

Arch., vol. ii. p. 118.

728

Arch., vol. xxx. p. 459.

729

P. S. A. S., vol. xiii. p. 334; xxii. p. 384.

730

“Horæ Ferales,” pl. iii. 3.

731

Allies’ “Ants. of Worc.,” p. 150, pl. iv. 10.

732

P. 111.

733

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iv. p. 349.

734

Arch., vol. ii. p. 127.

735

“Stone Age,” p. 73.

736

L’Anth., vol. vi., 1895, p. 10.

737

“Abitaz. lac. di Fimon,” 1876, p. 150, pl. xiv.

738

“Cat. of Objects found in Greece,” fig. 3.

739

Pl. iii. 24.

740

Schliemann’s “Troy,” 1875, p. 94. Atlas, pl. xxii. 610.

741

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iv. p. 61. “Brit. Barrows,” p. 222.

742

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iv. p. 60. “Brit. Barrows,” p. 224.

743

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxix., 1895, p. 66.

744

Thoresby’s Cat. in Whitaker’s ed. of “Ducatus Leod.,” p. 114.

745

Leland’s “Coll.,” vol. iv. vi.

746

P. S. A. S., vol. xxvii., 1893, p. 56.

747

Montg. Coll., vol. xiv. p. 276.

748

“Celtic Tumuli of Dorset,” p. 63.

749

Arch., vol. xliv. p. 427.

750

Arch. Journ., vol. vi. p. 74.

751

“South Wilts,” Tumuli, pl. viii. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” Nos. 15, 17.

752

“Ants. of Worcestershire,” pl. iv. 5, p. 146.

753

“Celt, Roman, and Saxon,” p. 70.

754

“Horæ Ferales,” pl. iii. 15.

755

P.S.A.S., vol. xxiii. p. 8.

756

“South Wilts,” Tumuli, pl. i. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 283.

757

Arch., vol. lii. p. 70.

758

Archæol. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 158.Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xvi. p. 295, pl. xxv. 8;Trans. Hist. Soc. Lanc. and Chesh., vol. xii. p. 189.

759

“Guide des Touristes, &c., dans le Morbihan,” 1854, p. 43.

760

P. S. A. S., vol. xxviii. p. 241.

761

“South Wilts,” Tumuli, pl. v.; “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 8;Arch., vol. xv. pl. v. 1.

762

Supra, p. 83.

763

Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 209;Arch., vol. xliii. p. 411; A. C. Smith’s “Ants. of North Wilts,” p. 19.

764

27th Report Roy. Inst. of Cornw., 1846, p. 35. I am indebted to the Secretaries of this Institution for permission to engrave the specimen. It is also figured in Borlase’s “Nænia Cornubiæ,” p. 191.

765

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xiii. p. 347; xxvi. p. 398.

766

“Ten Years’ Diggings,” p. 24.

767

“Crania Brit.,” vol. ii. xviii. pl. 2.

768

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 29. Smith, “Coll. Ant.,” vol. i. pl. xx. 3.

769

Mém. Soc. R. des Ant. du Nord, 1872–77, p. 107.Aarbög. for Oldk., 1872, d. 309–342.Cong. préh. Stockholm, 1874, p. 290. Aspelin, “Ant. du Nord. Finno-Ougrien,” No. 71–76.

770

“Indian Tribes,” vol. iv. p. 174.

771

Op. cit., vol. i. p. 92; vol. ii. pl. 48.

772

Op. cit., vol. iv. p. 167.

773

“Mus. préh.,” No. 449.Mat., vol. xvii. p. 284.

774

Ratzel, “Völkerk.,” vol. ii. p. 247.Mitth. d. Anth. Ges. in Wien, vol. ix. (1880) pl. ii.

775

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xx. p. 102.

776

Stevens, “Flint Chips,” p. 499.

777

Vol. vii. p. 385.

778

“Indian Tribes,” vol. iv. p. 168.

779

P. S. A. S., vol. xvi. p. 57.

780

Bellucci, “Mat. Paletn. dell’ Umbria,” Tav. xi. fig. 3.

781

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. p. 327.

782

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vii. p. 499.

783

Ant. Tidsk., 1858–60, p. 277.

784

Vol. xxx. p. 461.

785

“Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 80.

786

P. 94. See alsoArch. Journ., vol. iii. p. 94; and Worsaae’s “Prim. Ants. of Den.,” p. 15.

787

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S. vol. vii., p. 268.

788

P. S. A. S., vol. ix. p. 155.

789

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ix. p. 39; xvii. p. 453.

790

P. S. A. S., vol. xvi. p. 171.

791

Vol. xxvii. p. 142.

792

Montg. Coll., vol. xiv p. 275.

793

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. v. p. 240.

794

Trans. Devon. Assoc., vol. iii. p. 497.

795

“Ant. Celt. et Antéd.,” vol. i. pl. xiii. 9, p. 327.

796

Arch. Jour., vol. xix. p. 92.Arch. Camb., 3rd S., vol. vi. p. 307.

797

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. p. 43. See alsoArch. Camb., 4th S., vol. vii. p. 183.

798

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ix. p. 259.

799

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. xv. p. 349.

800

“South Wilts,” p. 204. “Cat. Devizes Mus., No. 150.”

801

Supra, p. 128.

802

Surr. Arch. Coll., vol. xi. p. 248–9.

803

Archæologia, vol. xiv. p. 281, pl. lv.; Cat., p. 14.

804

Arch. Journ., vol. ix. p. 297.

805

Arch. Journ., vol. x. p. 72.

806

Archæologia, vol. xxxi. p. 452.

807

Sussex Arch. Coll., vol. ix. p. 118.

808

Sussex Arch. Coll., vol. xxvii. p. 181.

809

Arch., vol. xlvi. p. 492, pl. xxiv. 22.

810

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 406.

811

Vol. xxvi. p. 190.

812

Essex Nat., vol. viii. p. 164.

813

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxix. p. 77.

814

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 400.

815

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 248.

816

Arch. Journ., vol. xxv. p. 250.

817

Rep. Leic. Lit. and Phil. Soc., 1878, pl. iii.

818

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxix. p. 305.

819

Tr. Cumb. and West. Ant. Soc., vol. ix. p. 203.

820

Tr. Lanc. and Ch. Ant. Soc., vol. ii. pl. i.

821

Arch. Camb., 5th S., vol. xii. p. 247.

822

Op. cit., p. 249.

823

Arch. Camb., 5th S., vol. v. p. 315.

824

P. S. A. S., vol. xx. p. 105.

825

P. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 183.

826

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxii. p. 314.Arch. Camb., 3rd S., vol. xii. p. 212.

827

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvi. p. 321; vol. xxvii. p. 147.

828

Surrey Arch. Coll., vol. iv. p. 237; 1868, p. 24.

829

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xv. p. 233.

830

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xvii. pl. iv. p. 5.

831

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. p. 41.

832

Ibid., vol. iii. p. 437.

833

Ibid., vol. iv. p. 55.

834

P. S. A. S., vol. xii. 568.

835

Op. cit., p. 610.

836

Rev. d’ Ant.1st S., vol. iv. p. 255.

837

“Seine Inf.,” 2nd ed., p. 313.

838

Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man.” vol. i. p. 254.Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xi. p. 140.

839

P. S. A. S., vol. xiv. p. 173.

840

Rau. “Smithson. Arch. Coll.,” p. 31.

841

Sir J. Lubbock, inJourn. Anth. Inst., vol. i. p. xcv.

842

Journ. Anthrop. Inst., vol. i. p. 198.

843

Sup., p. 64.

844

“Stone Age,” pl. i. 12.

845

“Alt. u. h. V.,” vol. i. Heft i. Taf. i. 4.

846

Op. cit., vol. i. Heft viii. Taf. i. 6.

847

“Or. de la Navig., &c.,” fig. 20.

848

Trans. preh. Cong., 1868, p. 236.

849

Proc. As. Soc. Beng., 1866, p. 135.

850

Proc. As. Soc. Beng., Mar., 1874.

851

Zeitsch. f. A. and E., vol. viii., 1876, pl. xxv.

852

Arch. Journ., vol. vii. p. 68;Gent.’s Mag., 1819, p. 130.

853

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xv. p. 234.

854

Arch. Journ., vol. vii. p. 69.

855

Arch. Camb., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 331.

856

Arch. Camb., 4th S., vol. v. p. 181.

857

Arch. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 66.

858

Vol xxvi. p. 320, figs. 10 and 11.

859

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvii. p. 161.

860

Lib. Cit., p. 164.

861

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. v. p. 2.

862

Cat., p. 28, No. 293.

863

P. S. A. S., vol. xxiii. p. 213.

864

“Cat. Mus. R. I. A.” p. 85. The chisel-edged specimens there described are not improbably American.

865

P. 557.

866

Mortillet, “Matériaux.” vol. iii. p. 98; vol. iv. p. 234. Tubino, “Estudios Prehistoricós.” p. 100. Cartailhac, p. 202.

867

Rev. Arch., vol. xiii. p. 137.

868

Jorn. de Sci. Math. Phys. y Natur., 1868, pl. viii.

869

Simony, “Alt. von Hallstatt.” Taf. vi. 5.

870

“Präh. Atlas.” Wien, 1889, Taf. xix.

871

Perrin, “Et. Préhist. sur la Savoie,” pl. xv. 17.

872

Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1869, vol. xxv. p. 34.

873

“Troy and its Remains,” p. 97.

874

Schoolcraft, “Indian Tribes,” vol. i. p. 96; Squier’s “Ab. Mon. of New York,” p. 184; Lapham, “Ants. of Wisconsin,” p. 74.

875

“Prehist. Man,” vol. i. pp. 246, 253.

876

Comptes Rendus, 1866, vol. lxii. p. 470;Geol. Mag., vol. iii. p. 214; Mortillet, “Mat.,” vol. ii. pp. 331, 401; vol. iii. p. 99.

877

Brit. Assoc. Report, 1870, p. 158.

878

Brit. Barrows, p. 239.

879

Vol. x. p. 64.

880

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvii. p. 164, pl. xi. 5.

881

Arch. Camb., 4th S., vol. v. p. 181; ix. p. 34.

882

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. p. 209.

883

P. S. A. S., vol. ix. p. 382; xii. p. 266. Mitchell, “Past in the Present,” p. 124.

884

Mem. Anthrop. Soc. Lond.vol. iii. p. 261.

885

“Ind. Tribes,” vol. ii. pl. 39.

886

Op. cit., vol. ii. p. 90.

887

1884, p. 156seqq., alsoArch. f. Anth., vol. v. p. 262.

888

“Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 95, fig. 77.

889

“Nord. Oldsag.,” fig. 88; Nilsson, “Stone Age,” pl. ii. p. 34.

890

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xiv. p. 327.

891

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iv. p. 489.

892

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 19.

893

See a paper on “Antike Gewicht-steine,” by Prof. Ritschl, in theJahrb. d. Ver. v. Alterthums-fr. im Rheinl., Heft. xli. 9; also xliii. 209.

894

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 274.

895

Mem. Geol. Surv. Ind., vol. iv. pl. i. p. 203.Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, p. 238.

896

Journ. Ethnol. Soc., vol. ii. p. 263, pl. xxi. 7.

897

Catlin’s “Last Rambles,” p. 188.

898

Arch. Camb., 5th. S., vol. i. p. 307.

899

Tr. Dev. Assoc., vol. xii. p. 71.

900

Montg. Coll., vol. xiv. p. 273.

901

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iv. p. 440; xiv. p. 127; xv. p. 108.

902

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 583, Munro “Lake-dw.,” p. 448.

903

P. S. A. S., vol. xiv. 127; xv. 267; xxiii. p. 211.

904

Kindly lent by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.

905

P. S. A. S., vol. xxii. p. 62.

906

P. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 688.

907

Worsaae’s “Nord. Oldsager,” No. 32, 33. Nilsson’s “Stone Age,” pl. i. 14. A Lüneburg specimen, with deep conical depressions, is given by Lindenschmit. “Alt. u. h. V.,” vol. i. Heft viii. Taf. i. 4.

908

Wilde’s “Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 75.

909

“Ind. Tribes,” vol. iv. p. 165.

910

“Stone Age,” p. 12, pl. i. 2, 3.

911

“Prim. Industry,” p. 425,et. seqq.

912

Arch. f. Anth., vol. v. p. 263.

913

Vol. ix. p. 118.

914

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxix. p. 344. Cumming’s “Churches and Ants. of Cury and Dunwalloe,” 1873, p. 69.

915

P. S. A. S., vol. x. p. 634. Mitchell, “Past in the Present,” p. 126.

916

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. iv. p. 139.

917

Anz. f. Schw. Alt., 1876, Taf. viii.

918

“Cat. Arch. Inst. Mus., Edin.,” p. 12.

919

“Naukratis,” 1886, pl. i. p. 42.

920

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 200.

921

Pr. Lanc. and Ch. Arch. Soc., vol. xi. p. 172.

922

“Naukratis,” pl. i. 1886, p. 42.

923

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. vi. pp. 41, 195.

924

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 71.

925

Arch. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 171.

926

Amer. Anthropologist, vol. iv., 1891, p. 301.

927

“South Wilts,” Tumuli, pl. vi. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 3.

928

SeeArch., vol. xliii. p. 408.

929

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvi. p. 320, figs. 14, 15.Arch. Camb., 4th S., vol. v. p. 181.

930

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 396.

931

Arch. Journ., vol. x. pp. 64, 160.

932

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. p. 208.

933

Greenwell, “Brit. Par.,” pp. 200, 239, 242.

934

Arch. Journ., vol. xxviii. p. 148.

935

P. S. A. S., vol. xxviii. p. 341.

936

“Etudes Paléoéthnol.,” 1867, pl. iv. 1.

937

Squier and Davis, “Anct. Mon. of Mississ. Valley,” p. 222.

938

P. S. A. S., vol. xiv. p. 314, xxi. p. 135.

939

“Mus. préh.,” fig. 592.

940

See Sir J. Y. Simpson,Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. App.

941

“Brit. Barrows,” 341,et seqq.

942

See “Reliquiæ Aquit.,” p. 60.

943

“Rel. Aquit.,” p. 108.

944

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. vii. p. 84. See Eyre’s “Central Australia,” vol. ii. pl. iv. p. 14.

945

Keller’s “Lake-dwellings,” p. 137. Lindenschmit, “Hohenz. Samml.,” pl. xxvii. 8.

946

“Hab. Lac. de la Savoie,” 1st Mem. pl. xi. 2.

947

Rev. Arch., 3rd S., vol. vii. p. 68.

948

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 193.

949

Trans. Ethnol. Soc., N. S., vol. iv. p. 242.

950

Journ. Ethnol. Soc., vol. ii. p. 413.

951

Arch. Camb., 4th S., vol. v. p. 184.

952

P. S. A. S., vol. xiii. p. 204, Munro, “Lake-dw.,” p. 102.

953

P. S. A. S., vol. xxiii. p. 214.

954

Journ. Anth. Soc., 1869, p. cxvii.

955

The burnishing stones in use among pewterers are, when dismounted from their setting, curiously like these blunt-ended celt-like instruments. They have no ridge, however, at the truncated end. Some of the stone burnishers used by bookbinders are also in form like celts, but have a flattened edge.

956

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvii. p. 161.

957

Trans. Ethn. Soc., N. S., vol. vii. p. 48.

958

De Gongora, “Ant. Preh. de Andalusia,” p. 108.

959

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xx. p. (365).

960

Vol. xxiv. p. 251.

961

Vol. xxvi. p. 320; xxvii. 147.

962

Arch., vol. xxxviii. p. 416.

963

“Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 58, p. 2.

964

Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, p. 70.

965

P. S. A. S., vol. xxv. p. 496.

966

Vol. xxvii. pl. xi. 2, 3.

967

Suss. Arch. Coll., vol. xxxii. p. 174.

968

Arch., vol. xlvi. p. 492, pl. xxiv. 26.

969

Miln’s “Excav. at Carnac,” 1881, pl. xv.

970

Arch. Journ., vol. xxv. p. 47.

971

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 265.

972

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 393.

973

Ibid., vol. xxiii. p. 391.

974

Arch.vol. xxxviii. p. 416.

975

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxiii. p. 391.

976

“Ten Years’ Diggings,” p. 223.

977

Trans. Ethn. Soc., N. S., vol. iii. p. 278.

978

Sproat’s “Scenes and Studies of Savage Life,” p. 55.

979

Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. i. p. 152. Ratzel, “Völkerk.,” vol. i., 1887, p. 216.

980

“Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia,” Baker, p. 78. See also “The Albert Nyanza,” vol. i. p. 65. Klemm’s “Cult.-Wiss.,” p. 88.

981

Rev. Dr. Hume, “Illust. of Brit. Ants. from Objects found in S. Amer.,” p. 69.

982

SeeArch. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 244, where much information is given concerning such stones.

983

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvii. p. 160, &c.Arch. Camb., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 210; 3rd S., vi. 376; vii. 40; viii. 157; 4th S., xii. p. 32.

984

Arch., vol. xlvi. p. 285.

985

Arch. Camb., 3rd S., vol. vii. p. 245.

986

Wilde’s “Cat. Mus. R. I. A.” p. 104.

987

“Itinerary,” 1617, pt. iii. p. 161.

988

“Flint Chips,” p. 62.

989

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ii. p. 377.

990

P. S. A. S., vol. vii. p. 9.

991

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 176.

992

Garrigon et Filhol, “Age de la Pierre polie,” &c., p. 27.Arch. Camb., 4th S., vol. i. p. 292.

993

“Mus. Préh.,” No. 587.

994

Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, p. 155.

995

“Alt. u. h. V.,” vol. ii. Heft viii. Taf. i. 16.

996

“Cult.-Wiss.,” p. 88.

997

Arch. Camb., 3rd S., vol. iii. p. 356.

998

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iv. p. 117.

999

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvii. p. 160, pl. ii. 1.

1000

A. J., vol. xxiv. p. 247.

1001

Atkinson’s “Cleveland,” p. 40.

1002

“Nænia Cornub.,” p. 221.

1003

Wood-Martin “Lake-dw. of Ireland,” 1886, p. 85.

1004

Kirchner, “Thor’s Donnerkeil,” 1853, p. 97.

1005

“Ten Years’ Diggings,” p. 172.

1006

Ibid., p. 177.

1007

Ibid., pp. 213, 224, 226.

1008

“Vestiges Ant. Derb.,” p. 99.

1009

Arch. Journ., vol. vii. p. 190.

1010

Arch. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 81.

1011

“Troy,” 1875, pp. 151, 163.

1012

British Med. Journ., April 2nd, 1887, quoted inEssex Naturalist, vol. i. p. 92.

1013

Arch. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 252.

1014

Arch. Journ., vol. xiv. p. 357; xvii. 170.

1015

Suss. Arch. Coll., vol. ix. p. 117. “Chich. Vol. Arch. Inst.,” p. 63. This cut has been kindly lent me by the Sussex Arch. Society.

1016

Essex Naturalist, vol. ii. p. 4.

1017

Arch.vol. xliii. p. 408. A. C. Smith, “Ants. of N. Wilts,” p. 14.

1018

SeeProc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. p. 179, where the measurements hardly agree with mine.

1019

Arch. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 253.

1020

Sitzungsb. der K. Akad. der Wiss. in Wien, vol. lv. p. 528.

1021

Trans. Ethn. Soc., N. S., vol. vii. p. 49.

1022

See Laing’s “Prehistoric Remains of Caithness,” 1866.Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vii.Passim; viii. 64. pl. vi.Mem. Anthrop. Soc. Lond., vol. ii. p. 294; iii. 216. I am indebted to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland for the loan of Figs. 174 to 179. See alsoP. S. A. S., vol. viii. pl. vi.; xi. p. 173; xii. p. 271; and Mitchell’s “Past in the Present,” p. 140.

1023

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vii. p. 136.

1024

P. S. A. S., vol. vii. pp. 358, 400.

1025

P. S. A. S., vol. vii. p. 125.

1026

P. S. A. S., vol. vii. p. 127.

1027

P. S. A. S., vol. xxiii. p. 219.

1028

See Whitaker’s “Hist. of Craven.,” 2nd ed., p. 468.

1029

Wright’s “Prov. Dict.,”s.v.Cotgrave translates the wordBaton“a laundress’s batting-staff.”

1030

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 65.

1031

Op. cit., vol. xv. p. 232.

1032

3rd S., vol. iii. p. 358.

1033

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. p. 80.

1034

“Anct. Mon. of Mississ. Val.,” p. 220.

1035

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. p. 90.

1036

Op. cit., vol. ii. p. 89.

1037

Op. cit., vol. iv. p. 175.

1038

Cuming inArch. Assoc. Journ., vol. vii. p. 83, where some interesting information relating to mortars will be found. Ratzel, “Völkerk.,” vol. ii. p. 179.

1039

Vol. iv. p. 136. See also a paper by Mr. R. N. Worth, on the progress of mining skill in Devon and Cornwall, in theTrans. Cornw. Polyt. Soc.

1040

Arch. Journ., vol. vii. 393.

1041

Vol. ii. p. 323.

1042

“Die Burg Tannenberg,” &c.,Arch. Journ., vol. vii. p. 404.

1043

Vol. iii. p. 130.

1044

“Gesta. Abb. Mon. S. Alb.,” vol. ii. p. 249.

1045

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. vii. p. 175.

1046

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol iii. p. 203.

1047

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xv. p. 335.

1048

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 99.

1049

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xiii. 227.

1050

Ibid., vol. xv. p. 337.

1051

Arch. Journ., vol. v. p. 329.

1052

Smith’s “Coll. Ant.,” vol. i. p. 112.Arch., vol. xviii. p. 435; xix. 183; xxx. 128.Proc. Bury and W. Suff. Arch. I., vol. i. p. 230, &c.Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 259.

1053

Arch., vol. xliv. p. 285.

1054

Arch., vol. xlv. p. 366.

1055

Arch. Camb., 5th S., vol. viii. p. 320.

1056

Arch. Camb., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 240.

1057

Lee’s “Isca Silurum,” p. 114.

1058

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. i. p. 267.

1059

P. S. A. S., vol. ii. p. 97. See also vol. v. p. 30.

1060

Preh. Annals of Scot., vol. i. p. 214.

1061

P. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 261. Mitchell’s “The Past in the Present,” p. 34.

1062

P. S. A. S., vol. iv. p. 417.

1063

P. S. A. S., vol. xiii. p. 178.

1064

P. S. A. S., vol. xxi. p. 162.

1065

Arch. Camb., 3rd S., vol. vii. p. 38.

1066

“South Wilts,” p. 36.

1067

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” 127.

1068

Arch., vol. xxxv. p. 246.

1069

2nd S., vol. ii. p. 89.

1070

“Nord. Olds.,” Nos. 35 and 36.

1071

Tidskrift for Oldkyndighed, vol. i. pl. ii. p. 423.

1072

“Stone Age,” p. 16.

1073

“Ant. Suéd.”

1074

Keller’s “Lake-dwell.,” p. 24.

1075

Keller, “Pfahlbauten,” 1ter Bericht, Taf. iii. 19; 3ter Ber., Taf. ii. 2.

1076

“Les Polissoirs préh. de la Charente,” G. Chauvet, Angoulême, 1883.

1077

“Les Polissoirs néol. du Dép. delà Dordogne,” Testut.Mat., 3rd S., vol. iii. (1886) p. 65.

1078

“Notice sur deux Instruments,” &c., p. 4. Mortillet,Matériaux, vol. ii. p. 420.

1079

See “Ant. Celt et Antéd, de Poitou,” pl. xxx.

1080

Ann. Soc. Arch. de Bruxelles, vol. x., 1896, p. 109.

1081

B. de Perthes, “Ant. Celt et Antéd.,” vol. ii. p. 165. Mortillet, “Prom. au Mus. St. Germain,” p. 148.

1082

De Gongora y Martinez, “Ant. Preh. de Andalusia,” p. 34, fig. 19.

1083

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xvi. p. 73.

1084

SeeArch. Journ., vol. xxi. p. 170.

1085

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 168.

1086

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 220.

1087

Arch., vol. xxxviii. p. 417.

1088

“Cook’s Voyages,” quoted by Tylor, “Early Hist. of Mank.,” 2nd ed., p. 201.

1089

P. S. A. S., vol. xv. p. 263.

1090

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 169.

1091

Arch. Scot., vol. iii. p. 43.

1092

Arch. Journ., vol. xxv. p. 295.

1093

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvii. p. 161.

1094

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vii. p. 219.

1095

See Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” 3rd ed. p. 189.

1096

Worsaae, fig. 36. Nilsson, “Stone Age,” pl. ii. 15.

1097

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xv. p. 74.

1098

Arch., vol. xliv. p. 286.

1099

Malton Messenger, Nov. 12, 1870. “Brit. Barrows,” p. 263.

1100

Trans. Dev. Assoc., vol. v. p. 551.

1101

Arch., vol. xliii. p. 426.

1102

“South Wilts.,” p. 118, pl. xiv.

1103

P. 43.

1104

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. vi. p. 399.

1105

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xv. p. 264.

1106

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 173.

1107

Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 75.Arch., vol. xv. p. 125. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 2.

1108

Hoare, “South Wilts,” p. 182. “Cat. Dev. Mus.,” No. 97.

1109

“S. W.” p. 209.

1110

Arch., vol. xliii. p. 423. A. C. Smith, “Ants. of N. Wilts,” p. 68. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No.172A.

1111

Arch., vol. xlvi. p. 435, pl. xxiv. 20.

1112

Reliquary, N. S., vol. v., 1891, p. 47.

1113

Arch. f. Anth., vol. ix. p. 249.

1114

13th Rep. Bureau of Ethn., 1896, p. 126.

1115

“Musée préh.,” No. 593.

1116

Lindenschmit, “A. u. h. V.,” vol. ii. Heft viii. Taf. i. 2.Zeitsch. des Vereins für Rhein. Geschichte, &c., in Mainz, vol. iii.Archiv für Anthrop., vol. iii. Taf. ii.Rev. Arch., vol. xix. pl. x. 2.

1117

Sophus Müller, “Stenalderen,” fig. 196.

1118

Zeitsch. f. Eth., 1891, p. 89.

1119

Trans. Ethnol. Soc., N. S., vol. vii. p. 49.

1120

Sussex Arch. Coll., vol. ix., p. 120, whence the cut is borrowed.Arch. Journ., vol. xiii. p. 184; xv. 90.

1121

Arch. Journ., vol. x. p. 356. “Chichester Vol.,” p. 52.

1122

Thoresby’s Cat. in Whitaker’s “Duc. Leod.,” p. 114.

1123

Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 194.

1124

Ibid., p. 199.

1125

Ibid., p. 209.

1126

Ibid., p. 211.

1127

Ibid., p. 172.

1128

Ibid., p. 164. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 85.

1129

Arch., vol. xliii. p. 424.

1130

Arch., vol. xlix. p. 194.

1131

“Nænia Cornubiæ,” 1872, p. 212.

1132

Arch. Journ., vol. xxviii. p. 247.

1133

Arch. Journ., vol. xxxi. p. 302.

1134

Arch. Journ., vol. xxi. p. 101.

1135

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iv. p. 490.

1136

Arch. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 71. Lee’s “Isca Silurum,” pl. xlii. p. 108.

1137

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. iv. p. 105.

1138

P. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 120; xxiii. p. 219; xxviii. p. 230.

1139

P. S. A. S., vol. xiv. p. 221.

1140

P. S. A. S., vol. xxii. p. 67.

1141

“Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 188.

1142

Wilde’s “Cat. Mus. R. I. A.” p. 87.

1143

Perrin, “Et. Préhist. sur la Savoie,” pl. xv. 12.

1144

Von Sacken, “Grabf. von Hallstatt,” Taf. xix. Simony, “Alt. von Hallstatt,” Taf. vi. 6, 7.

1145

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvii. pl. iii. 1.

1146

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvi. p. 321, figs. 18, 19.

1147

“Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 75.

1148

P. S. A. S., vol. ix. p. 358.

1149

P. S. A. S., vol. x. pl. xviii. 115.

1150

P. S. A. S., vol. xxiii. p. 234.

1151

P. S. A. S., vol. xiv. p. 276.

1152

“Nord. Olds.,” fig. 343.

1153

Pl. i.

1154

Engelhardt, “Thorsbjerg Mosefund,” p. 51, pl. xii. 12.

1155

SeeBrit. Assoc. Rep., 1881, p. 692.

1156

Jahrb. d. Ver. v. Alt. fr. im Rheinl., Heft xliv. p. 139, Taf. vi. 21.

1157

Notes and Queries, 2nd S., vol. viii. p. 92.

1158

“Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 7.

1159

“Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 87.

1160

“Geol. and Nat. Hist. Rep.,” vol. i. p. 208.

1161

“G. and N. H. Rep.,” vol. ii. p. 128;Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iv. p. 95.

1162

I first learnt the art of producing these cones from the late Rev. J. S. Henslow, F.R.S., and have since then instructed many others in the process, among them the late Dr. Hugh Falconer, F.R.S., whose account of the manufacture of flakes (“Palæont. Mem.,” vol. ii. p. 605) is, I find, curiously like what I have written above. He insists rather more strongly on the different characteristics of “iron-struck” and “stone-struck” facets than I should be inclined to do. There is, however, in all probability a difference in the fracture resulting from hammers of different degrees of hardness and elasticity. The mechanics of the fracture of flint have also been studied by the late M. Jules Thore, of Dax. (Bull. de la Soc. de Borda, Dax, 1878.)

1163

Archæologia, vol. xxxix. p. 76.

1164

“Spalls or broken pieces of stones that come off in hewing and graving.” — “Nomenclator,” p. 411, quoted in Halliwell’s “Dict. of Archaic Words, &c.” “Spalle, or chyppe,quisquilia,assula.” — “Promptorium Parvulorum,” p. 467.

1165

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 38.Proc. As. Soc. Beng., 1867, p. 137.

1166

Dr. Gillespie, inJourn. Anth. Inst., vol. vi. p. 260.

1167

Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. pp. 36–38.

1168

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 73.

1169

Trans. Ethn. Soc., N. S., vol. iv. p. 241.

1170

Arch. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 170.

1171

Journ. Ethnol. Soc. Lond., vol. ii. p. 430.

1172

For neolithic implements from this place, seeTrans. Berks. Archæol. and Archit. Soc., 1879–80, p. 49.

1173

“Manx Note Book,” vol. i. (1885) p. 71.

1174

Mem. Anthrop. Soc. Lond., vol. i. p. 142.

1175

See Worsaae “Nord. Olds.,” No. 60; “Guide to North. Arch.,” p. 39; and the authors already cited at p. 272.

1176

“Mus. préh.,” pl. xxxiii.

1177

Mém. Soc. R. des Ant. du Nord., 1872–7, p. 103.

1178

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xvii. p. (133).

1179

P. 23. See also Tylor, “Anahuac.,” p. 96.

1180

Geol. Mag., vol. iii. p. 433; iv. 43.

1181

“Objects Found in Greece,” G. Finlay, 1869.Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. v. p. (110).

1182

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 69. See alsoArch. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 171.

1183

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. v. p. 438.

1184

Tr. Dev. Assoc., vol. xvii. p. 70; xviii. p. 74.Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxviii. p. 220.

1185

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. v. p. 30.Notes and Queries, 5th S., vol. vii. p. 447.

1186

“Flint Impts., &c., found at St. Mary Bourne,” Jos. Stevens, 1867.

1187

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xiii. p. 137.

1188

Tr. Lanc. and Chesh. Arch. Soc., vol. ii. pl. i. iv. p. 305.

1189

Journ. R. Inst. Cornwall, Oct., 1864.

1190

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 22.

1191

Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, p. 89.Tr. Devon. Assoc., vol. i.; pt. v. p. 80.

1192

Op. cit., p. 128.

1193

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 226.

1194

Arch. Journ., vol. viii. p. 343.

1195

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxii. p. 241.

1196

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. vi. p. 48.

1197

Arch., vol. xxxvi. p. 176.

1198

Arch. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 71.

1199

Reliquary, vol. vi. p. 4.

1200

Arch. Journ., vol xii. p. 189.

1201

Arch. Camb., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 331; ii. 222.

1202

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 58.

1203

Tr. Devon. Assoc., vol. vi. p. 272, fig. 2.

1204

Reliquary, vol. iii. p. 162.

1205

Arch. Journ., vol. ix. p. 92.

1206

Arch. Camb., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 102.

1207

Journ. Ethnol. Soc., vol. ii. p. 306.

1208

Arch. Journ., vol. xiv. p. 281.

1209

Arch., vol. xxxiv. p. 252.

1210

“Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 1, p. 2.

1211

“Cr. Br.,” vol. ii. pl. 24, p. 3.

1212

Mem. Anthrop. Soc. Lond., vol. i. p. 142.

1213

Arch., vol. lii. p. 12, and “British Barrows,”passim.

1214

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 73.

1215

Arch., vol. xxxviii. p. 416.

1216

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 278.

1217

Arch. Journ., vol. xi. p. 322.

1218

Wiltsh. Mag., vol. iii. p. 170.

1219

“South Wilts,” p. 193.

1220

“South Wilts,” p. 195.

1221

Arch. Journ., vol. xxi. p. 172.

1222

“Cat. Arch. Inst. Mus. Edin.,” p. 20.

1223

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iv. p. 507.

1224

Op. cit., vol. iv. p. 385, and vi. 234, 240.Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1865, vol. xxi. p. 1.

1225

P. S. A. S., vol. vi. p. 251, and v. 61.

1226

Arch. Journ., vol. xx. p. 35.

1227

Anthrop. Rev., vol. ii.; lxiv.

1228

Wilson, “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 177.

1229

Ibid., p. 178.

1230

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. v. p. 13.

1231

Arch. Scot., vol. iii. p. 46.

1232

Arch., vol. xlii. p. 64.

1233

Arch. Journ., vol. xx. p. 198.

1234

“Salisb. Vol. Arch. Inst.,” p. 106.

1235

Journ. Ethn. Soc., vol. i. p. 10.

1236

Arch. Journ., vol. xxiii. p. 300; vol. xxv. p. 155.

1237

Geol. Mag., vol. vii. 443.

1238

Arch. Journ., vol. xxii. p. 68.

1239

Suss. Arch. Coll., vol. xix. p. 53.

1240

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 182, &c.

1241

Journ. Ethn. Soc., vol. ii. p. 421.

1242

“Flint Impts.,” Jos. Stevens, 1867.

1243

Arch. Journ., vol. xxi. p. 168.

1244

3rd S., vol. iii. p. 304.

1245

Journ. Ethn. Soc., vol. ii. p. 141.

1246

“Prehist. Rem. of Caithness,”Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vii. p. 37.

1247

P. S. A. S., vol. vii. p. 73.

1248

P. S. A. S., vol. i. p. 101.

1249

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. ii. p. 203.

1250

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xiii. p. 319.

1251

Garrigou et Filhol, “Age de la Pierre polie.” &c., pl. vii. and viii.

1252

De Bonstetten, “2nd Supp. au Rec. d’Ant. Suisses,” pl. i.

1253

On this custom seeTrans. Lanc. and Chesh. Arch. Soc., vol. vi. p. 58; viii. p. 63; xi. p. 27.

1254

Arch. Journ., vol. xxii. p. 116.

1255

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. i. p. 210.

1256

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xii. p. 299.

1257

SeeArch. Journ., vol. xi. p. 211, and xx. 189; Wright, “Rems. of a Prim. Peop. in Yorksh.,” p. 10.

1258

See Cochet, “Normandie Souterr.,” p. 258; Baudot, “Sép. des Barbares,” p. 76; Troyon, “Tombeaux de Bel-Air”; Lindenschmit, “Todtenlager bei Selzen,” p. 13.

1259

Arch., vol. xxxv. p. 267.

1260

“Hist. of Lapland,” Ed., 1704, p. 313; Keysler, “Ant. Sept.,” p. 173.

1261

Sussex Arch. Coll.vol. xvi. p. 63.

1262

Arch. Camb., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 88.

1263

Isaiah, chap. xli. ver. 15.

1264

“De re Rust.,” lib. i. cap. 52.

1265

Smith’s “Dict. of Gk. and Rom. Ant.,”s.v.Tribulum. Wilkinson’s “Anc. Egyptians,” vol. ii. p. 190; iv. 94. “Arch, per l’Ant. e la Etn.,” vol. xxiii. 57; vol. xxvi. p. 53. Fellows, “Journ. in Asia Minor,” 1838, p. 70. Paul Lucas, “Voyage en Asie,” Paris, 1712, p. 231.N. and Q., 7th S., vol. vii. p. 36.

1266

For the use of this cut I am indebted to Sir A. Wollaston Franks, F.R.S.

1267

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. p. 253.

1268

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. x. p. 150.

1269

Arch., vol. xli. p. 404. See also Wilde, “Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 10.

1270

See Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 94.

1271

Mém. Soc. R. des Ant. du Nord., 1886–91, p. 232.Aarb. f. Oldkynd, 1886, p. 227.

1272

“Alt. u. h. V.,” vol. ii. Heft. viii. Taf. i. 4.

1273

Tom. vi. 1865.

1274

Ponthieux, pl. xxvi.

1275

Chantre, “Etudes Paléoéthnol.,” 1867. Watelet, “L’Age de Pierre dans le Dép. de l’Aisne,” 1866. De Ferry, “Anc. de l’Homme dans le Mâconnais,” 1867.

1276

“L’Homme Fossile,” 2nd ed., p. 150.

1277

Comptes Rendus, 1866, vol. lxii. p. 347; 1867, vol. lxv. p. 116.

1278

De Gongora, “Ant. Preh. de Andalusia,” p. 49, fig. 60.

1279

Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, pl. viii. 3.

1280

“Ant. do Algarve;” da Veiga, 1886, vol. ii. p. 162, pl. viii.

1281

“Di alcuni armi ed Utensili in Pietra,” 1863, Tav. ii.

1282

Keller, “Pfahlbauten,” 6ter Ber., p. 272.

1283

“Supp. au Rec. d’Ant. Suisses,” pl. i. 5.

1284

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xvi. p. (105), pl. iii.

1285

Rev. Arch., vol. xx. p. 441.Matériaux, vol. v. p. 399 bis;Comptes Rendus, 1869, vol. lxix. p. 1312. Arcelin, “Ind. prim. en. Egypte et en Syrie,” 1870.

1286

Zeitschrift für Ægypt. Sprache, &c., Juli 1870.

1287

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. iv. p. 215 (Lubbock): vii. p. 290.Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xxi. pl. iv. v. “Die Stein-zeit Afrika’s,” R. Andrée.Intern. Archiv, vol. iii. p. 81. “Ægypten’s vor-metallische Zeit.” Much, Würzburg, 1880.Nature, vol. xxxii. p. 161: xxxiii. 311 (Wady Halfa).

1288

Tr. Cong. Préh. Stockholm, 1874, p. 76.

1289

Comptes Rendus, 1869, vol. lxviii. pp. 196, 345.

1290

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. i. pp. 337, 442.

1291

Quart. St. Palest. Expl. Fund, 1874, p. 158.

1292

Trans. Cong. Preh. Arch., 1868, p. 69.Geol. Mag., vol. v. p. 532.Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xi. p. 124.Camb. Ant. Comm., vol. v. p. 67.

1293

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 38.Journ. of Ant. Soc. of Cent. Prov., vol. i. p. 21.Journ. Ethn. Soc., N. S., vol. i. p. 175.

1294

“Anct. Mon. of Mississ. Vall.,” p. 215.

1295

Lib. iii. c. 15.

1296

Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 38.

1297

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. vi. p. 409, pl. xx.

1298

For the use of this block I am indebted to the executors of the late Mr. Henry Christy. See also Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th Ed., p. 93.

1299

“Mus. Metall,” p. 157.

1300

Two are figured inProc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. viii. p. 321. See also Ratzel, “Völkerk,” vol. ii., 1888, p. 151.

1301

Comptes Rendus, 1868, vol. lxvii. p. 1296.

1302

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. iv., 1848, p. 105.

1303

Arch., vol. xxxviii. p. 417.

1304

“Anc. Wilts,” p. 195. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No.124A.

1305

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 230.

1306

“T. Y. D.,” p. 224.

1307

P. S. A. S., vol. vii. p. 320.

1308

Op. cit., vol. vii. p. 499.

1309

Arch., vol. xli. p. 404.

1310

Others are engraved in Keller’s “Pfahlbaut.,” 1ter Bericht, Taf. iii. 8. Lindenschmit, “Alt. u. h. V.,” vol. i., Heft. xii. Taf. i. 15. “Hohenzollernsch. Samml.,” Taf. xxvii. 18. Mackie, “Nat. Hist. Rep.,” vol. i. p. 139. Le Hon, “L’homme Foss.,” 2nd ed., p. 175. “Ant. Lac. du Mus. de Lausanne,” 1896. Pl. x.

1311

“Mus. préh.,” Nos. 276, 277. “Ant. Lac. du Mus. de Lausanne,” 1896. Pl. x., 10, 11.

1312

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xiv. p. (531).

1313

Keller’s “Lake-Dw.,” pl. iii. 1; xxi. 10; xxviii. 9, 10. Troyon, “Hab. Lac.,” pl. v. 11. “Pfahlbauten,” 2ter Ber. Taf. iii. pl. 40. Desor, “Palafittes,” fig. 12. Rau’s “Preh. Fishing,” 1884, p. 186.

1314

“Stone Age,” pl. v. 86.

1315

P. S. A. S., vol. x. p. 263.

1316

Tr. Lanc. and Chesh. Arch. Soc., vol. iv. p. 377.

1317

Ibid.

1318

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol., xiv. p. 28.

1319

“Illahun, &c.,” 1891, p. 13, pl. xiii.

1320

“Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 32.

1321

SeeArchiv. f. Anth., vol. v. p. 234.

1322

Worsaae, “Prim. Ants. of Den.,” p. 17. Nilsson, “Stone Age,” pl. vi. 125, 126. Madsen, “Afb.,” pl. xl.

1323

Wilson’s “Preh. Man,” vol. i. p. 225. “Anct. Mon. of Missis. Valley,” p. 211. Squier, “Abor. Mon. of New York,” p. 180.

1324

“Cultur-wiss.,” vol. i. p. 61.

1325

“Stone Age,” pl. ii. pp. 28, 29.

1326

“Remains of a Primitive People, &c., in Yorkshire.”

1327

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iv. 233.

1328

Arch., vol. xxxviii. p. 417.

1329

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvii. p. 74.

1330

Arch. Journ., vol. xxix. p. 284.

1331

Antiq., vol. xv., 1887, pp. 237–8.

1332

Suss. Arch. Coll., vol. xxxii. p. 175.

1333

Suss. Arch. Coll., vol. xxvii. p. 177.

1334

Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xx. p. 346.

1335

“Brit. Barr.,” pp. 251, 262.

1336

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 43.

1337

P. S. A. S., vol. xxv. p. 497.

1338

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 584.

1339

P. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 208.

1340

P. S. A. S., vol. xxviii. p. 337.

1341

Bull. de la Soc. des Ant. de l’Ouest, 4 Trim., 1863, fig. 18.

1342

“Mus. Préh.,” pl. xxxiv., xxxv.

1343

Madsen, “Afbildninger,” pl. i. 15.

1344

Zeits.f.Ethn., vol. xxviii., p. 348.

1345

H. and L. Siret, “Les premiers Ages du Métal,” pl. xiii., xvi. Capelle, “L’Esp. centr.,” 1895, p. 70, pl. vi.

1346

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xvii. p. 93.

1347

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xiv. p. (483); xv. p. (116).

1348

“Stone Age,” p. 80, pl. v. 93.

1349

“Nord. Olds.,” No. 56.

1350

“Nord. Olds.,” No. 58.

1351

Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 102. “Flint Chips,” p. 74.

1352

Nordisk Tidskrift for Oldk., 1832, p. 429.

1353

“Stone Age,” p. 42.

1354

Franks, “Horæ Ferales,” p. 137. Lisch, “Frederico-Francisc.,” p. 145.

1355

“Celt, Roman, and Saxon,” p. 70.

1356

“Kahun,” 1890, p. 29, pl. ix. “Illahun, &c.,” 1891, p. 50seqq.“Medum,” 1892, p. 31seqq.

1357

“Troy,” 1875, p. 94. Atlas, pl. xxv.

1358

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xvii. p. (303).

1359

Arch. Journ., vol. xlix. p. 53.

1360

Arch. Journ., vol. xlix. p. 164.

1361

Pt. ii. p. 14. One from Alaska of this form and another with a long handle are figured inZeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xvi. p. (222).

1362

“Prehist. Times,” 4th ed., p. 513, figs. 214–6.

1363

“Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 699.

1364

“Rel. Aquit.,” p. 13.

1365

Proc. Ethn. Soc., N. S., vol. i. p. 137. SeeRep. Bureau of Ethn., 1887–8, p. 294.

1366

P. S. A. S., vol. xxiv. p. 142.

1367

Rep. of U. S. Nat. Mus.,Washington, 1891, p. 553.

1368

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. iv. p. 175.

1369

Intern. Archiv., vol. ii. p. 212.

1370

Arch. per l’Ant. e la Etn., vol. xxiv., 1894, p. 245.

1371

Bull. Soc. d’Anth. de Paris, 4th S. vol. vii., 1896, p. 374.

1372

P. 319.

1373

“Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” fig. 8.

1374

“Nord. Olds.,” No. 29.

1375

“South Wilts,” p. 172, pl. xix.

1376

Arch., vol. xliii. pp. 420, 421.

1377

“Salisb. Vol. Arch. Inst.,” p. 106.

1378

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. xii. p. 239.

1379

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxii. p. 450.Arch., vol. xliii. p. 420.

1380

Suss. Arch. Coll., vol. xxxii. p. 174.Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. vi. p. 287.

1381

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd. S., vol. x. p. 18.

1382

Trans. Dev. Assoc., vol. xii. p. 140.

1383

“Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii, pl. 50, p. 2.Arch., vol. xxxviii. p. 416.

1384

Reliq., vol. xxxii., 1896, p. 109.

1385

Arch. Journ., vol. xiv. p. 83; xxii. 116, 245, 251; xxvii. 71.Reliquary, vol. ix. p. 69. “Ten Years’ Dig.,” pp. 205, 208. “Brit. Bar.” pp. 251, 348, andpassim.

1386

“T. Y. D.,” p. 56.

1387

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 92.

1388

“T. Y. D.,” p. 78.

1389

“T. Y. D.,” p. 35.Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. vii. p. 217.

1390

Pitt Rivers, “Exc. on Cranb. Chase,” vol. ii. pl. lxvi. and lxxxix.

1391

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 76.

1392

Sussex Arch. Coll., vol. xix. p. 53.

1393

Journ. Ethn. Soc., vol. i. pl. i.

1394

Arch. Journ., vol. xxv. p. 155.

1395

Journ. Ethn. Soc., vol. i. p. 4.

1396

Arch. Camb., 4th S., vol. ix. p. 37.

1397

Arch. Journ., vol. xxxi. pp. 297, 301.

1398

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. viii. p. 385.

1399

Arch. Cant., vol. xiii. p. 124. “Coll. Cant.,” p. 4.

1400

Arch. Cant., vol. xiv. p. 88.

1401

Essex Nat., vol. ii. p. 67.

1402

Essex Nat., vol. iii. p. 159.

1403

A considerable number of them are in the Lewes Museum.Sass. Ant. Coll., vol. xxxviii. p. 226; xxxix. p. 97.

1404

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xv. p. 109. Munro’s “Lake-dw.,” pp. 109, 174.

1405

P. S. A. S., vol. ix. p. 461; vol. xix. p. 250.

1406

P. S. A. S., vol. xviii. p. 249.

1407

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. vii. p. 202; ix. pp. 167, 320.

1408

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xvi. p. (356).

1409

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. x. p. 352.

1410

“Preh. Times,” 4th ed. p. 110.

1411

Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, p. 69.Journ. Ethnol. Soc., vol. i. p. 52.

1412

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. v. p. 239, pl. xi., 4.

1413

Arch. Journ., vol. xxii. p. 101.

1414

As another purpose to which these instruments may have been applied, Dr. Keller (“Lake-Dwellings,” pp. 34, 97) has suggested that some of the scrapers found in the Swiss Lake-dwellings may have been in use for scaling fish.

1415

P. 16.

1416

P. 15.

1417

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 53.

1418

Op. cit., p. 59.Reliq., vol. iii. p. 176. “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. xli.

1419

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 96.

1420

“Nænia Cornub.,” p. 227.

1421

“South Wilts,” p. 195.Arch., vol. xliii. p. 422.

1422

Reliquary, vol. xxiv. p. 128.

1423

Arch. Journ., vol. xxv. p. 295.

1424

Cong. Préh. Lisbonne, 1880, p. 387.

1425

“Normandie Souterraine,” p. 258.

1426

Arch.vol. liv. p. 375.

1427

“British Barrows,” p. 266.

1428

“Brit. Barr.,” pp. 266, 390.

1429

Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 522.

1430

Hough, “Fire Making Apparatus” inRep. of U. S. Nat. Mus., Washington, 1888, p. 573.

1431

Figured inArch., vol. xliii. p. 422.

1432

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xix. p. 356.

1433

P. S. A. S., vol. viii. p. 137.

1434

“Expl. des Dolmens,” Vannes, 1882, I. p. 6.

1435

C. R. de l’Assoc., fr. pour l’av. des Sciences, Grenoble, 1885.

1436

“Les Cav. de la Belgique,” vol. ii. pl. ix. 2. “L’homme pendant les Ages de la Pierre,” 1871, p. 74.

1437

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxv. p. 499.

1438

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxv. p. 497.

1439

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 512.

1440

Dr. J. S. Houlder,Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. iii. p. 338; iv. p. 19. See alsoJourn. R. H. and Arch. Assoc. of Irel., 4th S., vol. v. p. 124.

1441

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xi. pl. xxx.

1442

Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 103. Monkman,Yorks. Arch. and Top. Journ., 1868.

1443

Journ. Ethnol. Soc., vol. ii. pl. xxviii. 2, 3.

1444

Arch. Journ., vol. xxix. p. 284.

1445

SeeArch., vol. xli. pl. xviii. 5.

1446

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xi. p. 546; xxv. p. 498.

1447

P. S. A. S., vol. xv. p. 265.

1448

Aarböger f. Nord. Oldk., 1866, p. 311.

1449

P. S. A. S., vol. xiii. p. 106.Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. iv. p. 311.

1450

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. viii. p. 15.

1451

“Lake-Dwellings,” p. 25. “Pfahlbauten,” 1ter Bericht, p. 76.

1452

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxvii. p. 361; vol. xxviii. p. 338.

1453

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxv. p. 498.

1454

Perrault, “Note sur an Foyer, &c.,” pl. ii. 15.

1455

Science Gossip, vol. ii. (1895) p. 36.

1456

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xxv. pp. 122, 137.

1457

Bull. de Palet. It., vol. i. (1875) pp. 2, 17, 141; vol. ii. (1876)passim.

1458

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxvi. p. 409. The cut is kindly lent by the Society.Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xviii. p. 134.Proc. Vict. Inst., March, 1889.

1459

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. vii. p. 229.P. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 614.Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. vii. p. 396. De Morgan, “Rech. sur les Orig. de l’Egypte,” 1896, p. 130. He regards the crescents as arrow-heads, but I cannot agree with him.

1460

Pierpont,Bull. de la Soc. Arch. de Brux., 1894–5.

1461

Rev. Arch., N. S., vol. ii. p. 129.

1462

Marchant, “Notice sur divers insts.,” 1866, pl. i. Parenteau, “Inv. Arch.” 1878, pl. ii.

1463

“Ant. Celt. et Antéd.,” vol. i. p. 379.

1464

Cazalis de Fondouce, “La grotte sép. de St. J. d’Alcas,” pl. i. 1.

1465

Rev. Arch., N. S., vol. xv. pl. ix. 26.

1466

Mortillet,Matériaux, vol. v. p. 321.

1467

Rev. de la Soc. Lit. de l’Eure, 3rd S., vol. v.

1468

“Coll. Caranda,” Moreau, 1877, pl. iii.

1469

“L’anc. de l’homme dans le Vivarais,” De Marichaud, 1870, pl. xi. 5.

1470

Mat., vol. ix. p. 162.

1471

“Ant. Lac. du Mus. de Lausanne,” 1896, pl. ix.

1472

“Horæ Ferales,” p. 137, pl. ii. 32.

1473

“Arch. Inst. Salisb. Vol.,” p. 105.

1474

Arch., vol. xxx. p. 333.

1475

Arch., vol. xxxiv. p. 253.

1476

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xvii. p. 72.

1477

Arch., vol. xli. pl. xviii. 6.

1478

“Reliq. Aquit.,” p. 18.

1479

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 380, where it is figured full size. See also pp. 196, 270, &c.

1480

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 151. See also p. 227, and “Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 105.

1481

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. xi. p. 188.P. S. A. Newc.-on-Tyne, N. S., vol. ii. p. 171.

1482

“Hist. of Berwicksh. Nat. Club, 1863–68,” pl. xiii. 4. “Brit. Bar.,” p. 407.

1483

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 153.

1484

Op. cit., p. 285.

1485

By permission of the delegates of the Clarendon Press.

1486

Arch., vol. lii. p. 31.

1487

Reliq. and Ill. Archæologist, vol. ii. p. 46.

1488

Trans. Devon. Assoc., vol. xii. p. 367.

1489

Arch. Cant., vol. xiii. p. 124.

1490

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xiii. p. 254.

1491

P. S. A. S., vol. xxii. p. 25.

1492

“Brit. Barr.,” p. 198.

1493

Journ. Ethn. Soc., vol. i. pl. i. 14.

1494

P. S. A. S., vol. xix. p. 10; vol. xxv. p. 498.

1495

Arch. Journ., vol. xxii. p. 243. “Brit. Barr.,” p. 359.

1496

Trans. E. R. Ant. Soc., vol. i., 1893, p. 49.

1497

“The Bone Caves of Ojcow,” 1884, pl. i. 7.

1498

“Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 58, p. 2.

1499

“Brit. Barr.,” p. 158, and 41, where it is figured full size.

1500

Arch. Journ., vol. viii. 344.

1501

Journ. Ethnol. Soc., vol. ii. p. 414.

1502

Arch. Journ., vol. xxii. p. 243.

1503

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xiv. p. 221.

1504

“Brit. Barr.,” p. 153, fig. 98.

1505

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vii. p. 102.

1506

Mat.vol. xvi. p. 239.

1507

Mem. Acc. R. delle Sc. di Turino, vol. xxvi. Tav. v. 1.

1508

Op. cit., Tav. viii. 20.

1509

Le Hon, “L’Homme foss.,” 2nd ed., p. 184.

1510

De Gongora, “Ant. Preh. de And.,” p. 78, fig. 92.

1511

“Brit. Barr.,” p. 410.

1512

Nilsson. “Stone Age,” p. 44. See Col. A. Lane-Fox, “Prim. Warfare,” pt. II. p. 11.

1513

Arch. Cant., vol. xiv. p. 87.Antiquary, vol. xv. p. 234.

1514

Reliq. and Ill. Arch., vol. ii. p. 46.

1515

Yorks. Arch. and Top. Journ., 1869, figs. 12, 13, 16.Journ. Ethn. Soc., vol. ii. p. 159.

1516

Journ. Ethn. Soc., vol. i. pl. i. 15, 17.

1517

Yorksh. Arch. and Top. Journ., 1868, fig. 46.

1518

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxviii. p. 339.

1519

“Mém. sur les Restes d’Indust.,” &c., pl. x. 6.

1520

Matériaux, vol. v. p. 249.

1521

Kindly communicated to me by the late Mr. Joseph Clarke, F.S.A.

1522

“Nuovi Cenni, &c.,” Torino, 1862, pl. vi. 16.

1523

Rev. Arch., vol. xv. p. 17.

1524

“Anc. Mon. of Mississ. Vall.,” p. 211, fig. 3.

1525

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. vi. p. 34.Arch. Journ., vol. xl. p. 323; xli. p. 50.Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. vi. p. 37.

1526

Jones, “Ants. of Tenn.” (Smithson. Coll.), p. 58.

1527

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. i. p. xcvi. pl. i.; vol. xiii. p. 162.

1528

Matériaux, vol. v. p. 249.

1529

P. S. A. S., vol. ix. p. 239.

1530

Mem. Anthrop. Soc., vol. ii. p. 248.P. S. A. S., vol. vi. p. 450.

1531

P. S. A. S., vol. ix. p. 239.

1532

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xxviii. p. 324.

1533

P. S. A. S., vol. xxiii. p. 204.

1534

P. S. A. S., vol. xxv. p. 499.

1535

“Stone Age,” pl. x. 205.

1536

Arch. Journ., vol. xii. p. 285.

1537

Arch. Journ., vol. xi. p. 414; xvii. p. 171.

1538

“Cat.,” p. 66, No. 18.

1539

Bateman, “Cat.,” p. 66.

1540

Arch. Journ., vol. xi. p. 414; xvii. p. 171.

1541

Arch. Camb., 3rd. S., vol. vi. p. 138.

1542

“Flint Chips,” p. 75.

1543

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. v. p. 95.

1544

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. v. p. 441.Montg. Coll., vol. v. p. xxvi.; vi. p. 215; xii. p. 26; xiv. p. 278.

1545

Rooke Pennington, “Barrows and Bone-caves of Derbyshire,” 1877, p. 62.

1546

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 576.

1547

P. S. A. S., vol. xii p. 207.

1548

Arch. Journ., vol. xxix. p. 285.

1549

Otis Mason,Rep. of U. S. Nat. Mus.for 1890, Washington, 1892.

1550

P. 341.

1551

P. 299.

1552

“Cat. Ant. Soc. Ant.,” p. 14. “Cat. A. I. Mus. Ed.,” p. 7.

1553

Pl. ii. 15.

1554

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iii. p. 437; iv. p. 52.

1555

P. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 271; xxix. p. 54.

1556

P. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 270.

1557

Smith’s “Preh. Man in Ayrshire,” 1895, p. 45.

1558

“Preh. Ann.,” vol. i. p. 184.

1559

“Statist. Account of Zetland,” 1841, p. 112,et seqq., quoted at length inMem. Anthrop. Soc. Lond., vol. ii. p. 315. The late Dr. Hunt appears to have thought that the passage referred to rude pestle-like stone implements such as he found in Orkney, and not to these knives.

1560

“Cat. Arch. Inst. Mus. Ed.,” p. 7.

1561

SeeP. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 579.

1562

N. and Q., 4th. S., vol. xi. p. 302.

1563

Cong. préh. Stockholm, 1874, p. 177,et seqq.

1564

De Bonstetten, “Supp. au Rec. d’Ant. Suisses,” pl. i. 1.

1565

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. ii. pl. xlv. 1.

1566

Arch. Journ., vol. viii. p. 329. “Brist. Vol. Arch. Inst.,” p. lix.Proc. R. I. A., vol. v. p. 176.

1567

“Hor. Fer.” p. 137.

1568

“Stone Age,” p. 38, pl. iii. 65.

1569

Arch., vol. xliii. p. 413.

1570

“Hor. Fer.,” pl. ii. 27.

1571

Arch. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 170.

1572

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. vi. p. 73.

1573

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. vi. p. 441.

1574

Skelton’s “Meyrick’s Armour,” vol. i. pl. xlvi. 5.

1575

Lond. and Midd. Notebook, vol. i. (1891), p. 21.

1576

Arch. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 170.

1577

Mat., vol. xi. p. 87.

1578

Jewitt’s “Grave Mounds,” fig. 155, where it is shown full size.

1579

“South Wilts,” p. 172, pl. xix. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No.85B.

1580

“South Wilts,” p. 164, pl. xvii. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 84.

1581

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 59. “Cran. Brit.” pl. 41, p. 3.Reliq., vol. iii. p. 177.

1582

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 52.

1583

Ibid., p. 167. Bateman, “Cat.,” p. 38.

1584

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 5.

1585

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 228. Bateman, “Cat.,” p. 43.

1586

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. x. p. 177.

1587

Arch. Camb., 4th S., vol. ii. p. 327.

1588

March, 1797, p. 200.

1589

“Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 182.

1590

P. S. A. S., vol. xxiii. p. 18.

1591

Smith, “Preh. Man in Ayrshire,” 1895, p. 184.

1592

Wilde’s “Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 34.

1593

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 170.

1594

Cazalis de Fondouce, “La Gr. sép. de St. J. d’Alcas,” 1867, pl. i.

1595

Matériaux, vol. v. p. 321; viii. p. 39.

1596

Matériaux, vol. v. p. 538.

1597

Cong. Préh. Bruxelles, 1872, pl. 67, 3. Van Overloop, “Les Ages de la Pierre,” pl. viii.

1598

Cong. Préh. Moscou, 1892, ii. p. 241.

1599

Mem. R. Acc. delle Sc. di Torino, xxvi. Tav. viii. 24. See alsoBull. di Pal. Ital., 1881, pl. vii.

1600

Arch. Journ.vol. liii. p. 46. See alsoMat., vol. ix. p. 24, and De Morgan, “Rech. sur les Or. de l’Égypte,” 1896, p. 121.

1601

Zeitschr. für Ægypt. Sprache, &c., July, 1870. Wilkinson, “Anc. Egyptians,” vol. iii. p. 262.

1602

P. S. A. S., vol. xxvi. p. 399.

1603

Zeitschr. für Æg. Sp., ibid.

1604

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xi. pl. xxxiii. See also vol. xiv. p. 56;Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. vi., p. 21: and Petrie’s “Hawara,” 1889, pl. xxviii.

1605

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xxii., 1890, p. (516).

1606

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. i. p. xcvi. pl. i. 3.

1607

See Fig. 1 p. 8.

1608

Archæologia, vol. liv. 391.

1609

“Musæum Metallicum,” p. 156.

1610

Aarb. f. Oldk., 1879, p. 290.

1611

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. vii. p. 328.

1612

Mat., vol. ix. p. 401, pl. vii. 9.

1613

Nature, vol. xii. p. 368.

1614

“Madsen,” pl. xxxvi. 8.

1615

“Nord. Olds.,” Fig. 51.Mém. de la Soc. des Ants. du Nord., 1845–49, p. 139.

1616

Vol. xxii. p. 75.

1617

2nd S., vol. iii. p. 19, where it is erroneously stated to be only 5 inches in length.

1618

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 210.

1619

Arch. Cant., vol. xiii. p. 124, xi. Payne’s “Coll. Cant.,” 1893, p. 3.

1620

P. S. A. S., vol. xxiii. p. 18.

1621

Keller, “Pfahlbauten,” 6ter Ber., Taf. vii. 32.

1622

“Präh. Atlas,” Wien, 1889, Taf. xiii.

1623

Cartailhac, “Mon. prim. des Iles Baléares,” 1892, p. 54.

1624

Cong. Préh. Moscou, 1892, ii. p. 243.

1625

L’Anthrop., vol. vi., 1893, p. 12. De Baye, “C. R. du neuv. Congrès russe d’Arch.,” 1893, p. 54.

1626

Arch. Journ., vol. liii. 1896 p. 46. See alsoZeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xx., 1888, p. (209), (344); vol. xxiii., 1891, (p. 474), pl. vii. viii.

1627

“Naquada and Ballas,” 1896, p. 60.

1628

J. De Morgan, “Recherches sur les Origines de l’Égypte. L’âge de la pierre et Les métaux,” 1896, p. 115.

1629

Trans. Ethn. Soc., N. S., vol. iii. p. 266.

1630

See Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 478.

1631

Pliny, “Nat. Hist.,” lib. vii. cap. 56.

1632

Herodotus, lib. iv. cap. 132; v. 49; vii. 61.

1633

“Sola in sagittis spes, quas inopiâ ferri ossibus asperant.”—“Germ.,” cap. 46.

1634

Smith’s “Dict. of Ant.”s. v., Sagitta.

1635

Homer, “Il.,” viii. 296.

1636

P. 396.

1637

“Prod. Nat. Hist. Scotiæ,” pt. 2, lib. iv. c. vii.

1638

“Mus. Met.,” lib. iv. c. xvii.

1639

P. 49.

1640

“Mus. Wormianum” (1655), p. 39.

1641

L. c.85.

1642

“Mus. Met.,” p. 604.

1643

“Nat. Hist.,” xxxvii. c. 10.

1644

London, 1681.

1645

“Mus.,” lib. i., sect. 3, c. xiii.

1646

“Mus. Mosc.,” lib. ii. c. 1.

1647

Mus. Mosc. (1672), p. 148. SeeMat., vol. xi. p. 1.

1648

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iv. p. 66. In theTheatrum Scotiæof Blaeuw’s “Atlas,” is a plate of arrow-heads found in Aberdeenshire. This has been pointed out to me by the late Dr. J. Hill Burton. See his “Hist. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 136n.

1649

Reliquary, vol. viii. p. 207.

1650

“Cat.,” pp. 8 and 127.

1651

“Nænia,” pl. xxxiii. 6, p. 154. See Vallancey, “Coll. de Reb. Hibern.,” N. xiii. pl. xi.

1652

Pt. iv. pl. iv. fig. 11.

1653

Vol. iv. p. 232, pl. xviii.

1654

“Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 19. See alsoArch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxi. p. 323, and xxii. p. 316.

1655

Journ. R. S. A. of Irel., 5th S., vol. v. p. 61.

1656

Folklore Record, vol. iv. p. 112.Journ., vol. ii. p. 260. See also “Folklore of the Northern Counties,” p. 185.

1657

Pennant’s “Tour,” vol. i. p. 115. “Stat. Account of Scotland,” vol. x. p. 15; xxi. 148. Collins’ “Ode on Pop. Superst. of the Highlands.” “Allan Ramsay’s Poems,” ed. 1721, p. 224. Brand’s “Pop. Ant.,” 1841, vol. ii. p. 285.

1658

Reliquary, vol. viii. p. 207.

1659

“Itin. Cur.,” (ed. 1776), vol. ii. p. 28.

1660

“Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 178,et seqq.

1661

Pepys’ “Diary and Cor.” (ed. 1849), vol. v. p. 366.

1662

See Nilsson’s “Stone Age,” p. 197. Wilson’s “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 180.

1663

Mat., vol. xi. p. 540.

1664

Gastaldi, “Lake Habitations of Northern and Central Italy,” Chambers’s transl., p. 6.

1665

Nicolucci, “Di Alcune Armi ed Utensili in Pietra,” 1863, p. 2.

1666

Mortillet,Mat., vol. iii. p. 319.

1667

Archivio per l’Antropologia, vol. i. pl. xv. 8.

1668

“L’âge de Pierre dans les Souvenirs et superstitions populaires,” Paris, 1877.

1669

Bull. di Paletn. It., 1876, pl. iv. 7.

1670

A. J. Evans, “Bosnia and Herzegovina,” 1876, p. 289; 1877, p. 291.

1671

2nd Ann. Rep. of Bur. of Ethn., 1880–1.Mat., 3rd S., ii., 1885, p. 532.

1672

Rev. Arch., vol. xv. p. 145. Leake, “Demi of Attica,” p. 100. Dodwell’s “Class. Tour,” vol. ii. p. 159.Arch. Journ., vol. vii. p. 86.

1673

See Smith’s “Geog. Dict.,” vol. ii. p. 268.

1674

Lib. vii. cap. 69.

1675

“II.,” xiii. 650.

1676

“II.,” v. 393.

1677

IV. 81.

1678

See De Morgan,op. cit.p. 121.

1679

Academy, Oct. 27, 1894.

1680

Archæologia Scotica, vol. i. p. 389.

1681

This word, still in use in Scotland for the barbs of a fishing-spear or hook, is a good old English term derived from the Saxonƿiðer.Withther-hooked = barbed:—

“This dragoun hadde a long taileThat was withther-hooked saun faile.”“Arthour and Merlin,” p. 210.

“This dragoun hadde a long taileThat was withther-hooked saun faile.”

“This dragoun hadde a long taile

That was withther-hooked saun faile.”

“Arthour and Merlin,” p. 210.

Halliwell, “Dict. of Arch. and Prov. Words,”s. v.

1682

Journ. R. U. Serv. Inst.

1683

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. vi. p. 482.

1684

Journ. R. S. A. of Irel., 5th S., vol. v. p. 41.

1685

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. p. 212.

1686

Wood’s “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. i. p. 284.

1687

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 429.

1688

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 324.Reliquary, vol. vi. p. 185.

1689

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. iv. p. 103.

1690

Reliq., N. S., vol. iii. pl. iv. 8.

1691

Op. cit., p. 224.

1692

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xix. p. 350.

1693

P. S. S. A., vol. xxv. p. 499.

1694

See Wakeman, “Arch. Hib.,” p. 270.

1695

Cong. Préh. Moscou, 1892, vol. ii. p. 240.

1696

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. pl. xxvi. 4.

1697

Arch. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 261.

1698

Arch. Journ., vol. xxv. p. 156.

1699

Vol. vi. pl. xvi. 5.

1700

Journ. Ethnol. Soc., vol. i. p. 5.

1701

P. S. A. S., vol. vii. p. 500.

1702

P. S. A. S., vol. ix. p. 246.

1703

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 586.

1704

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 170.

1705

A. C. Smith, “Ants. of N. Wilts,” p. 182.

1706

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 278; iii. p. 168.

1707

Reliquary, vol. v. p. 28.

1708

Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xix. p. 71. A. C. Smith’s “Ants. of N. Wilts,” p. 197.

1709

Reliquary, vol. vi. p. 185.

1710

Warne’s “Celtic Tum. of Dorset,”Errata, pp. 15 and 27.

1711

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 148.

1712

SeeProc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 20.Arch. Journ., vol. x. p. 362.Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iii. p. 362; iv. 54, 377, 553; v. 13, 185; vi. 41, 208, 234; vii. 500; viii. 10.

1713

P. S. A. S., vol. xiv. pp. 111, 129.

1714

P. S. A. S., vol. xxv. p. 499.

1715

P. S. A. S., vol. xix. p. 251.

1716

Arch. Cant., vol. xiii. p. 124.

1717

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 74.Arch. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 171.

1718

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xix. p. 251.

1719

Tr. Lanc. and Chesh. Arch. Soc., vol. iv. p. 306.

1720

Arch. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 75.

1721

“Manx Note-book,” vol. i. (1885) p. 72.

1722

Trans. Biol. Soc., L’pool., vol. viii., 1894, pl. xii.

1723

Mortillet,Mat., vol. ii. p. 89.

1724

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. iv. p. 103.

1725

Arch. Journ., vol. xii. p. 285. “Cat. Mus. Arch. Inst. at Ed.,” p. 40.

1726

Trans. Lanc. and Chesh. Arch. Soc., vol. iv. p. 306.

1727

Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii., 1896, pl. xii. 1.

1728

Arch., vol. viii. p. 429, pl. xxx.

1729

Arch. Camb., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 292.

1730

P. 579.

1731

Arch. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 60.

1732

Miller and Skertchly, “Fenland,” p. 579.

1733

“South Wilts,” pl. xxii. p. 183. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 105.

1734

“The Barrow Diggers,” p. 75, pl. ii. 7.

1735

“South Wilts,” pl. xxxiv.

1736

“The Barrow Diggers,” pl. ii. p. 6.

1737

Ib., pl. xxxiv. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 203.

1738

“Salisb. Vol. of Arch. Inst.,” p. 94.

1739

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. vi. p. 398.

1740

Assoc. franç. pour l’avancem. des Sciences, Nancy, 1881, 16 aôut.

1741

Wilson’s “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” p. 127 (2nd ed. p. 182. pl. ii. 15). “Cat. Mus. Arch. Inst. Ed.,” p. 6, Fig. 9. For the loan of this block I am indebted to Messrs. Macmillan and Co.

1742

P. S. A. S., vol. ix. pp. 240, 262.

1743

P. S. A. S., vol. xix. p. 251.

1744

P. S. A. S., vol. xxiii. p. 93.

1745

P. S. A. S., vol. xxvii. p. 355.

1746

Smith, “Preh. Man in Ayrsh.” (1895), p. 105.

1747

“Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. pl. ii. 14.

1748

“Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” p. 182.

1749

“Acc. of Inst., &c., of S. A. Scot.,” p. 389.

1750

P. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 183.

1751

“Tour. in Scot.,” vol. i. p. 156, pl. xxi.

1752

Vol. xvii. p. 19.

1753

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. xii. p. 62.

1754

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 294.

1755

P. S. A. S., vol. vi. p. 208.

1756

Ib., vol. vi. p. 234.

1757

Ib., vol. iv. p. 54; vii. 105.

1758

Ib., vol. viii. p. 10.

1759

Ib., vol. vi. p. 89.

1760

Ib., vol. iv. p. 54; v. 185.

1761

P. S. A., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 19.

1762

Ib., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 20.

1763

P. S. A. S., vol. iv. p. 54; v. 13.

1764

Arch. Journ., vol. x. p. 362.

1765

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 20.

1766

P. S. A. S., vol. vi. pp. 41, 234.

1767

Ib., vol. iii. p. 362.

1768

Ib., vol. v. p. 326; iii. 438; viii. 50; xiv. 267; xxiv. 13.

1769

P. S. A. S., vol. xxvii. p. 360. See also “Smith’s Preh. Man in Ayrshire,” (1895).

1770

Arch. Scot., vol. iii. App. 135.P. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 270.

1771

P. S. A. S., vol. iv. p. 55.

1772

Ib., vol. iv. pp. 67, 377.

1773

Wilson’s “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 182.

1774

P. S. A. S., vol. xxi. p. 133.

1775

P. S. A. S., vol. xiv. p. 267; vol. xxiv. p. 13. For a list of Kincardineshire arrow-heads see vol. ix. pp. 461, 499; xi. p. 26.

1776

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 585.

1777

P. S. A. S., vol. xxviii. p. 341.

1778

“Cat. Arch. Inst. Mus. Ed.,” pp. 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 20.

1779

P. S. A., 1st S., vol. iii. p. 224.

1780

P. S. A. S., vol. iii. p. 490.

1781

Geologist, vol. i. p. 162.

1782

P. S. A. S., vol. i. p. 42; vol. xix. p. 11; xxv. 500.

1783

Ib., vol. i. pp. 67, 190.

1784

Arch. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 60.

1785

Arch., vol. xxxi. p. 304. “York Vol. of Arch. Inst.,” p. 1.

1786

Hoare’s “South Wilts,” pl. xxx.

1787

Reliquary, vol. iii. p. 177. “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 41, p. 3.

1788

Suss. Arch. Coll., vol. xiii. p. 309.

1789

Tr. Hist. Soc. Lanc. and Chesh., N. S., vol. viii. p. 131.

1790

Arch. Camb., 3rd. S., vol. iii. p. 303.

1791

Hoare’s “South Wilts,” the “Barrow Diggers,” Bateman’s “Vestiges,”Arch., vol. xxx. p. 333; vol. xliii. pp. 418, 420; vol. lii. pp. 48, 53, 61.Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. vi. p. 319.

1792

Vol. xiv. pl. iii.

1793

Tr. Lanc. and Chesh. Arch. Soc., vol. ii. pl. i.Trans. Manch. Geol. Soc., vol. xiii. p. 141; xiv. p. 284.

1794

Op. cit., viii. p. 127.Trans. Manch. Geol. Soc., vol. xvi. p. 287.

1795

For Yorkshire arrow-heads seeYorksh. Arch. and Top. Journ., vol. i. (1870), p. 4.

1796

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 64.

1797

Arch., vol. xxxvii. 369.

1798

Surr. Arch. Coll., vol. xi.

1799

Suss. Arch. Coll., vol. xxvii. p. 177.

1800

Tr. Dev. Assoc., vol. xx. p. 44.

1801

Op. cit., xxvi. p. 53.

1802

Arch. Journ., vol. xx. p. 372.

1803

Bateman’s “Cat.,” 47,et seqq.See also the York, Norwich, and Lincoln Volumes of the Arch. Inst.

1804

Harrison’s “Geol. of Leic. and Rutl.,” p. 49.

1805

Rel. and Ill. Archæol., vol. ii. p. 45.Journ. Roy. Inst. of Cornw.vol. xiii. p. 92.

1806

Arch. Journ., vol. x. p. 354.

1807

Op. cit., vol. xiv. p. 79.

1808

Op. cit., vol. xvi. p. 151.

1809

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. i. p. 309.

1810

“Trans. Arch. Assoc. at Glouc.,” p. 94.

1811

A. A. J., vol. iv. p. 152.

1812

Op. cit., vol. xviii. p. 272.

1813

Op. cit., vol. iv., p. 396.

1814

Arch., vol. ix. p. 100.

1815

Yorksh. Arch. and Top. Journ., 1868, fig. 5.

1816

P. S. A. S., vol. xiv. p. 267; xxiv. p. 13.

1817

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 585.

1818

Arch., vol. lii. p. 63.

1819

“Kahun, &c.” (1890), p. 21, pl. xvi.

1820

Bull. di Pal. Ital., 1877. pl. v. 25.

1821

Wilde, “Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 15, fig. 7.

1822

Proc. Cotteswold Nat. Field Club, vol. x., 1889–90, p. 22, pl. i.

1823

Proc Soc. Ant., March 10, 1897.

1824

P. S. A. S., vol. vii. p. 500.

1825

P. S. A. S., vol. xxi. p. 201; xxii. p. 51.Journ. R. Hist. and Arch. Assoc. of Ireland, 4th S., vol. viii., 1887–88, p. 241.

1826

Archivio per l’Anthrop., &c., vol. i. pl. xii. 16.

1827

Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. i. p. 679.

1828

Ann. de la Soc. Arch. de Namur, 1859, pl. ii. 9.

1829

Arch. Journ., vol. liii., 1896, p. 46, pl. iv. 3, 4. De Morgan,op. cit., p. 124.

1830

Op. cit., pl. vi. 11.

1831

P. S. A. S., vol. ix. pp. 240, 262; xi. p. 510.

1832

Rev. Arch., vol. xv. p. 367.

1833

“L’Arch. Préh.,” p. 191, ed. 1888, p. 253.Rev. Arch., vol. xxvii., 1874, pl. xi. p. 401.Mat., vol. viii. pl. ii.Bull. Soc. Anthrop., 19 Dec., 1889.

1834

Bull. Soc. Ant. de Bruxelles, vol. vi. pl. i.

1835

“Afbild.,” pl. xxii. 18, 19. See alsoAarb. f. Oldk., 1890, p. 325, 329.

1836

“Stone Age,” pl. ii. 36, 37.

1837

“Antiq. Tidskr. för Sverige,” vol. iii. fig. 3.

1838

“Mat. paletnol. dell’ Umbria,” pl. ix.

1839

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xv. p. 361; xvi. p. (118).

1840

Siret, p. 10.

1841

Cartailhac, pp. 53, 173.

1842

Riv. Arch. della Prov. di Como, Dec. 1879.

1843

Arch. per l’Ant. e al Etn., vol. xiii. (1883), Tav. i.

1844

Arch. Journ., vol. ix. p. 118. Lee’s “Isca Silurum,” p. 112.

1845

Herodian, lib. i. c. 15.

1846

Arch. Journ., vol. x. p. 247.

1847

Arch. Journ., vol. x. p. 69.

1848

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 19.

1849

Ann. de la Soc. Arch. de Namur, 1859, p. 361.

1850

Rev. Arch., vol. xxxiv. p. 183.

1851

Cong. Préh. Lisbonne, 1880, p. 372.

1852

See alsoMat., vol. xiv. p. 382.

1949

Camb. Ant. Comm., vol. iv. p. 13.

1950

“Method of Fossils” (1728), p. 43.

1951

“Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 254, fig. 164.

1952

Journ. R. H. and A. A. of Ireland, 4th S. vol. vii., 1885, p. 126.

1953

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 509.

1954

“Pfahlbauten,” 2ter Ber. Taf. i. 5. “Lake-dwellings,” pl. xxxix. 15. It is curiously like an arrow of the Zoreisch Indians, figuredMitth. d. Ant. Gesells. in Wien, 1893, p. 119.

1955

Mortillet,Mat., vol. ii. p. 512. Mackie, “Nat. Hist. Rep.,” vol. i. p. 137. “Mus. Préh.,” fig. 406.

1956

Le Hon, “L’homme foss.,” 2nd ed., p. 184.

1957

“Afbildninger,” pl. xxii. 19.

1958

See p. 369.

1959

Proc., vol. iv. p. 298.

1960

“Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 107. “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 648.

1961

Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. i. p. 103.

1962

Ib., vol. i. p. 284.

1963

One is figured inTrans. Lanc. and Chesh. Arch. Soc., vol. iv. p. 369.

1964

“Mus. Wormianum,” 1655, p. 350.

1965

“Scut. Herculis,” v. 134.

1966

“Iliad,” v. 171.

1967

Smith’s “Dict. of Ant.,” p. 1002.

1968

Lib. vii. cap. 92.

1969

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. i. p. 85.Nature, vol. x. p. 245.

1970

P. S. A. S., vol. xv. p. 5.

1971

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 25.

1972

P. S. A. S., vol. xix. p. 351.

1973

Tr. Dev. Assoc., vol. xv. p. 138.

1974

Arch., xliii. p. 437, fig. 136.

1975

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ix. p. 356.

1976

Vol. xxii. p. 246, 101note.

1977

Yorksh. Arch. and Top. Journ., 1868.

1978

P. 40, fig. 24.

1979

Arch., vol. xxxii. p. 96.Proc. Soc. Ant., vol. i. p. 157.

1980

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xx. p. 73. See also “Flint Chips,” p. 302.

1981

“Stone Age,” p. 49.

1982

“Sports and Pastimes,” ed. 1845, p. 74.

1983

“Stone Age,” p. 49.

1984

1 Sam. xvii. 43.

1985

Keller’s “Lake-dwellings,” pl. lxxxvi. 2.

1986

“Troy and its Remains,” (1878), p. 101.

1987

“Stone Age,” pl. v. 115.

1988

“Lake-dwellings,” p. 135.

1989

“Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” pp. 18, 74.

1990

Engelhardt, “Nydam Mosefundet,” pl. xiii. 65.

1991

Wilson, “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 197.

1992

“Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 105.

1993

“Stone Age,” p. 51.

1994

Yorksh. Arch. and Top. Journ., 1868.

1995

Ellis, “Polyn. Researches,” vol. i. p. 291.

1996

“Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 195. I am indebted to Messrs. Macmillan & Co. for the loan of this cut.

1997

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 20.

1998

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vii. p. 102.

1999

Trans. Lanc. and Chesh. A. A., vol. iii. p. 255.

2000

P. S. A. S., vol. ix. p. 393.

2001

Smith’s “Preh. Man in Ayrshire,” 1895, p. 105.

2002

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. p. 11.

2003

“Cat. Arch. Inst. Mus. Ed.,” p. 14.

2004

Report Montrose Nat. Hist. and Ant. Soc., 1868.

2005

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. v. p. 340.

2006

Ib., vol. iv. pp. 186, 292; vii. p. 209.

2007

Wilson, “Preh. Ann. Scot.,” vol. i. p. 195.

2008

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. pp. 29, 313.

2009

Arch. Journ., vol. xi. p. 58.

2010

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iii. p. 439. Wilson, “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. pl. iii. Photographs of three of the faces are given in theReliquary and Illust. Archæol., vol. iii. (1897) p. 103,q.v.

2011

Arch., vol. lii. p. 14, pl. i. and ii.

2012

Trans. Dev. Assoc., vol. xii. p. 124.

2013

Worsaae, “Nord. Olds.,” fig. 87, 88.

2014

Report Montrose N. H. and Ant. Soc., 1868.

2015

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 56.

2016

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 20.

2017

Tylor, “Early Hist. of Mank.,” p. 179.

2018

Klemm, “Cultur-Gesch.,” vol. ii. p. 17. “Azara,” vol. ii. p. 46. Catlin’s “Last Rambles,” p. 265. “Cult.-Wiss.,” vol. i. p. 55.

2019

Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 547. Falkner’s “Patagonia,” p. 130. A set of these Patagonianbolasis engraved by the Rev. J. G. Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 529.

2020

See Ratzel, “Völkerk.,” vol. ii. (1888), p. 664.

2021

Skelton’s “Meyrick’s Arm.,” pl. xciii. 1.

2022

Klemm’s “Cultur-Wiss.,” vol. i. p. 129. “Cult.-Gesch.,” vol. x. pl. iii. 4.

2023

“Anc. Mon. Mississ. Valley,” p. 219.

2024

The same name,pogamagan, is applied by the Indians of the Mackenzie River to a different form. See “Reliq. Aquit.,” p. 52.

2025

“Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. pl. xv.

2026

“Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 223.

2027

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. vi. p. 233. The Evantown bracer is shown on a larger scale inP. S. A. S., vol. xvii. p. 454; and Anderson’s “Scotl. in Pagan Times,” p. 15.

2028

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ii. p. 429. “Cat. Mus. Arch. Inst. Ed.,” p. 20.

2029

P. S. A. S., vol. xiii. p. 255.

2030

Wilson, “P. A. of S.,” vol. i. p. 76. “Cat. Mus. A. I. Ed.,” p. 11.

2031

Arch., vol. viii. p. 429, pl. xxx.

2032

Wiltshire Arch. Mag., vol. x. (1867), pl. vi.

2033

Wiltsh. Arch. Mag., vol. iii. p. 186. “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 42, p. 3.Arch., vol. xliii. p. 429, fig. 120.

2034

Arch., vol. lii. p. 56.

2035

Arch., vol. xliii. p. 428.

2036

Arch. Journ., vol. vi. p. 409. Allies’ “Worcestersh.,” p. 142.Arch. Journ., vol. xviii. p. 160.

2037

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. v. p. 272.Arch., vol. xliii. p. 429, fig. 122.

2038

“South Wilts,” p. 103.Arch., vol. xliii. p. 429, fig. 121. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 63.

2039

“Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 232.

2040

Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 44.

2041

Arch. Journ., vol. vi. p. 319.

2042

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. x. p. 29. Payne’s “Coll. Cant.,” p. 12.

2043

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxxiii. p. 126.

2044

Wilson, “P. A. of S.,” vol. i. p. 223. I am indebted to Messrs. Macmillan & Co. for the use of this cut.

2045

P. S. A. S., vol. ix. p. 537. Anderson, “Scotl. in Pagan Times,” p. 15.

2046

P. S. A. S., vol. xxvii. p. 11.

2047

P. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 586.

2048

P. S. A. S., vol. xiii. p. 73.

2049

Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, pl. viii. 2.

2050

P. Salmon, “L’homme,” 1886, p. 279.

2051

Siret’s “Album,”passim.

2052

Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 182. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 96,19A.

2053

Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 99. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 53.

2054

Arch. Journ., vol. vi. p. 319. “Cran. Brit.,” vol. i. p. 80.

2055

“Cat. Mus. Arch. Inst. Ed.,” p. 11.

2056

Wilson, “P. A. of S.,” vol. i. p. 224.

2057

“Anc. Mon. Mississ. Valley,” p. 237.

2058

“Abor. Mon. of New York,” p. 79.

2059

“Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. p. 89.

2060

Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. x. (1867), p. 109.

2061

Arch., vol. xxxiv. p. 254. Since this was written I have had an opportunity of examining this bracer, and find that it is of the same green kind of stone as the others. It is figured by Greenwell, “British Barrows,” fig. 32, p. 36.

2062

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. v. p. 289.Arch., vol. xliii. p. 427.

2063

Judges, ch. xx. 16.

2064

Mortillet,Bull. Soc. Anth. de Paris, 3 July, 1890.

2065

Dr. D. G. Brinton,Amer. Anthrop., vol. ix. 1896, p. 175. Sir Daniel Wilson, “Lefthandedness,” 1891. Mr. O. T. Mason reduces the proportion to 3 per cent. only.Amer. Anthrop., vol. ix. (1896) p. 226.

2066

“Desc. Angl.,” ap. Bale, Ed. Oporin, vol. ii. p. 21.

2067

Skelton’s “Meyrick’s Armour,” pl. xxxiv.

2068

Wilkinson’s “Anc. Eg.,” vol. i. p. 306.

2069

Bruce, “Roman Wall,” 3rd ed., p. 97.

2070

Wood, “Nat. Hist. of Man,” vol. ii. p. 710.

2071

2nd ed., 1870, p. 7.Aarbög. for Nord. Oldk., 1868, p. 100.

2072

Ann. for Nord. Oldk., 1840–1, p. 166. Madsen, “Afbild.,” pl. xxv. 16.

2073

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xi. p. 24.

2074

Arch. f. Anth., vol. xxiv., 1896, corr. Blatt., p. 59.

2075

Arch., xv. p. 122. Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 75.

2076

Arch., vol. xliii. p. 431; lii. p. 5. “British Barrows,”passim.

2077

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., i. p. 162.

2078

Journ. Ethn. Soc., ii. p. 429.

2079

“Ten Years’ Diggings,” pp. 75, 114. “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 60, p. 2.

2080

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” pp. 44, 77, 83, 112.

2081

“Salisb. Vol. Arch. Inst.,” p. 91.

2082

Arch., xxxviii. p. 413.

2083

“Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 41, p. 3. “Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 60.

2084

Catalogue, p. 5.

2085

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 103.

2086

Op. cit., p. 107.

2087

Op. cit., p. 116.Arch. Assoc. Journ., vii. p. 215.

2088

Op. cit., p. 127.

2089

Arch. Journ., v. p. 352.

2090

Keller, “Lake-dwellings,” p. 328.

2091

Arch. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 17.

2092

Le Hon, “L’homme foss.,” 2nd ed., p. 186.

2093

Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, pl. ix. p. 126.

2094

Madsen, “Afbild.,” pl. xvii.

2095

Worsaae, “Nord. Olds.,” No. 275.

2096

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 127.

2097

Ib., p. 169.

2098

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. pl. xxxvii. “Anc. Mon. of Miss. Vall.,” p. 220.

2099

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 215.

2100

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 395.

2101

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 77.

2102

Keller, “Lake-dw.,” 2nd S., p. 26.

2103

Catlin’s “Last Rambles,” p. 101.

2104

Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 68. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 224a.

2105

Arch., vol. xliii. p. 438.

2106

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 42.

2107

Arch., vol. lii. p. 60, fig. 27.

2108

Sproat, “Scenes and Studies of Savage Life, 1868,” p. 86.Trans. Ethn. Soc., N. S., vol. v. p. 250.

2109

Daily Graphic, Dec. 28, 1896.

2110

Ant. Tidsk., 1852–54, p. 9.Mém. de la Soc. des Ant. du Nord, 1850–60, p. 29. Madsen, “Afb.,” pl. xxv.

2111

Mém. de la Soc. des Ant. du N., 1845–49, p. 168.

2112

“Alterth. u. heid. Vorz.,” vol. i. Heft v. Taf. 1. See also “Horæ Ferales,” pl. i.

2113

Boucher de Perthes, “Ant. Celt. et Antéd.,” vol. i. pl. ii. 5, 7.

2114

Arch., vol. xxx. p. 330. Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 103. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 10, 49b, 224, 302.

2115

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 246.

2116

Smith’s “Coll. Ant.,” vol. i. p. 69.

2117

Keller, “Lake-dwellings,” p. 326. Desor, “Les Palafittes,” p. 30.

2118

Arch. Journ., vol. xxii. p. 253. “Brit. Barrows,” pp. 32, 376.

2119

Arch. f. Anthr., vol. xviii. (1889), p. 235. See alsoZeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xxviii. (1896) p. 473.

2120

Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. ix. p. 548.

2121

“The Past in the Present,” (1880), p. 1.

2122

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvi. p. 184.

2123

Ib.xxvi. p. 184.

2124

Wilde, “Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 116.

2125

Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. iv. pp. 72, 119–286.

2126

Proc. S. A. S., vol. iv. p. 259.

2127

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xv. pp. 149, 156.

2128

Proc. S. A. S., vol. v. p. 313.

2129

A. J., vol. xxiv. p. 250; xxvii. p. 160. For others from Anglesea seeArch. Camb., 5th S., vol. ix. p. 242.

2130

Reliquary, vol. vi. pp. 207, 211.

2131

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvi. p. 304.

2132

Arch. Camb., 3rd S., vol. iii. p. 305.

2133

A. J., vol. viii. p. 427.Arch. Camb., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 223; 3rd S., vi. p. 376.

2134

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iv. p. 170.Journ. R. I. Corn., vol. ii. p. 280.

2135

Proc. S. A. Scot., vol. iv. p. 54; v. pp. 15, 82; vi. p. 208.A. J., vol. x. p. 219.

2136

“Brit. Barrows,” pp. 116, 196.

2137

Arch. Journ., vol. ix. p. 11; xxiv. p. 250.

2138

“Stone Age,” p. 81.

2139

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xxiii. p. 213.

2140

C. R. Smith’s “Cat. Lond. Ant.,” p. 70. Lee’s “Isca Silurum,” p. 47.

2141

Rabut, “Hab. Lac. de la Sav.,” 2me Mém., pl. vii. 1.

2142

1863, p. 151.

2143

“Alt. u. h. V.,” vol. i. Heft ii. Taf. 1, fig. 1.

2144

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. p. 83.

2145

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. i. p. 268.Arch. Journ., vol. x. p. 219.

2146

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xv. p. 108.

2147

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xxiii. p. 217.

2148

Arch., vol. xxxiv. p. 135.

2149

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iii. p. 125.

2150

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xxiii. p. 216.

2151

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xi. p. 351. Sir A. Mitchell, “The Past in the Present,” p. 239et seqq.

2152

Im Thurn, “Among the Indians of Guiana,” 1883, p. 427.

2153

Proc. S. A. S., vol. x. p. 717.

2154

Arch., vol. xlvi. p. 430, pl. xxiv. 21.

2155

“Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 45.

2156

Camd. Soc. Ed., p. 458.

2157

A polished flint is still used for producing a brilliant surface on some kinds of coloured papers which are known as “flint-glazed.” See “Flint Chips,” p. 101.

2158

Lilly’s “Euphues and his England,” ed. 1617.

2159

2nd ed., p. 468.

2160

“Vulg. Errors,” ii. c. 4.

2161

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xiv. p. 64.

2162

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xv. p. 192.

2163

Trans. Lanc. and Chesh. Arch. Soc., vol. iii. p. 256.

2164

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvi., p. 321.

2165

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xii. p. 177.

2166

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xvii. p. 20, pl. v. 1.

2167

Arch. Camb., 4th S., vol. xiii. p. 224.

2168

Arch., vol. xxxvi. p. 456.

2169

“South Wilts,” p. 124.

2170

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 29.

2171

Arch., vol. xii. p. 327.

2172

“Ancient Meols,” p. 314.

2173

“Ind. Tribes,” vol. ii. pl. 50.

2174

Mitchell’s “Past in the Present,” pp. 122, 128–132.Proc. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 268.

2175

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xiii. p. 279.

2176

“Lake-dwellings,” p. 331.

2177

Proc. S. A. S., vol. ix. pp. 154, 174, 557.

2178

Arch., vol. xlvi. pp. 468, 493.

2179

Vol. i. p. 117. Wilson’s “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 207.

2180

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 266.

2181

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. v. pp. 30, 83.

2182

P. S. A. S., vol. vi. p. 89.

2183

“Cat. Arch. Inst. Mus. Ed.,” p. 20.

2184

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xxii. p. 111.

2185

P. S. A. S., vol. i. p. 138.

2186

“Cat. A. I. Mus. Ed.,” p. 18.P. S. A. S., vol. i. p. 267.

2187

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvi. p. 186.

2188

Arch. Scot., vol. iii. app. 50.

2189

Arch. Scot., vol. iii. app. 89.

2190

P. S. A. S., vol. ii. pp. 64, 71.

2191

P. S. A. S., vol. vii. p. 320.

2192

Ibid., vol. v. p. 82.

2193

Ibid.

2194

Ibid., vol. vi. p. 12.

2195

Ibid., vol. i. p. 180.

2196

Arch. Journ., vol. xiii. p. 104. “Cat. A. I. Mus. Ed.,” p. 47.P. S. A. S., vol. ii. p. 330.Arch. Camb., 3rd S., vol. xi. p. 429.

2197

Wilde, “Cat. Mus. R. I. A.,” p. 114.

2198

P. S. A. S., vol. i. p. 118. “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 208.

2199

Arch. Journ., vol. xiii. p. 104.

2200

Engraved inArch. Journ., vol. xvi. p. 299.

2201

Arch. Journ., vol. xxv. p. 290.Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, p. 363.Trans. Devon. Assoc., vol. ii. p. 619; xii. p. 124.

2202

See Pengelly inTr. Dev. Assoc., vol. iv. p. 105.

2203

Trans. Devon. Assoc., vol. iv. p. 302, pl. iv. 2.

2204

The pole-lathe is also still in use in the manufacture of metallic cocks in which the revolution of the barrel being turned has to be stopped before the complete circle has been gone through.—See Timmins’s “Birmingham and Mid. Hardware District,” (1866), p. 291.

2205

Hutchins’ “Dorset,” vol. i. p. 38. Gough’s “Camden’s Brit.,” vol. i. p. 70, pl. ii. Warne’s “Celtic Tumuli,” § 3, p. 4.

2206

Warne,l. c.

2207

“Exc. on Cranborne Chase,” vol. i. pl. xlviii.

2208

Arch. Journ., vol. xxiii. p. 35.

2209

Arch. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 189, whence the cut is borrowed.

2210

Erroneously called a celt by Mr. Kirwan.

2211

Arch. Journ., vol. xiii. p. 183; xv. 90.Sussex Arch. Coll., vol. ix. p. 120.

2212

“Der Bernstein-schmuck der Steinzeit,” Königsberg in Pr., 1882.

2213

Mem. Anthrop. Soc. Lond., vol. i. p. 296, pl. i.Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 51.

2214

“Stone Age,” pl. x. 210.

2215

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. viii. p. 213.

2216

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvii. p. 160, pl. ii. 2.

2217

Arch. Camb., 5th S., vol. viii. p. 56.

2218

Vol. xxvi. p. 288.

2219

Journ. Eth. Soc., vol. ii. p. 430.

2220

P. S. A. S., vol. vii. p. 478.

2221

P. S. A. S., vol. vii. p. 502, fig. vii.; viii. p. 232; xxix. p. 6.

2222

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xi. pp. 82, 83.

2223

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ii. pp. 4, 59; vol. x. p. 539.

2224

Proc. S. A. S., vol. x. p. 539.

2225

P. S. A. S., vol. ii. p. 191.

2226

Proc. S. A. S., vol. x. p. 538.

2227

Ibid., vol. i. p. 149.

2228

Proc. S. A. S., vol. x. p. 548.

2229

P. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 263.

2230

Wilson’s “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 206. Hibbert’s “Shetland,” p. 412. “Cat. Mus. Soc. Ant. L.,” p. 18.

2231

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 173.

2232

“Brit. Barrows,” pp. 33, 187, 188.

2233

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 431. “Cran. Brit.,” pl. 54.

2234

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xiv. p. 266; xxiv. p. 10.

2235

“Le Signe de la Croix avant le Christianisme,” 1866.

2236

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 264.

2237

Antea, p. 265.

2238

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 263.

2239

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 230.

2240

Vol. ii. pl. 58, 2. See also “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 184Aand No. 74.

2241

Wilson’s “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 442.Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ii. p. 307. “Cat. A. I. M. Ed.,” p. 22.

2242

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 68.

2243

“Ten Years’ Diggings,” p. 152.

2244

Reliq., vol. viii. p. 86.

2245

Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 172.

2246

L. c., p. 239.

2247

Arch., vol. xlix. p. 189.

2248

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. iv. p. 60. “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. 54, 2.

2249

Vol. vi. p. 188.

2250

Arch., vol. lii. p. 19.

2251

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xv. p. 269.

2252

Arch. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 257.

2253

Arch., vol. xxxiv. p. 256. They seem to be incorrectly represented in pl. xx.

2254

Klebs, “Der Bernstein-schmuck der Stein-zeit.” Königsberg, 1882.

2255

Hoare’s “South Wilts,” pl. x. and xii.Arch., vol. xv. pl. vii. “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No. 54.

2256

Wilson’s “Preh. Ann. of Scotland,” vol. i. p. 441.

2257

Arch., vol. viii. p. 429.

2258

P. 426.

2259

Proc. Soc. Ant., vol. iii. p. 58.

2260

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. ii. p. 484; vi. 62.

2261

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xx. p. 304.

2262

Arch., vol. xv. p. 122. Hoare’s “South Wilts,” pl. vii.

2263

“Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 45, 3.

2264

Wilson, “P. A. of S.,” vol. i. p. 435.Arch. Scot., vol. iii. p. 49, pl. v.Proc. S. A. S., vol. iii. p. 47. “Cat. A. I. Mus. Ed.,” p. 15.

2265

Arch., vol. xliii. p. 515.

2266

Proc. S. A. S., vol. viii. p. 409.

2267

Proc. S. A. S., vol. viii. p. 412.

2268

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xii. p. 294.

2269

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 89.Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. ii. p. 234.

2270

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 92.Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. ii. p. 235.

2271

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 25.A. A. J., vol. vii. p. 216. “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 35, 2.

2272

“Norfolk Arch.,” vol. viii. p. 319.

2273

“T. Y. D.,” p. 46. “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 35, 3.

2274

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 228.

2275

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. vi. p. 4; xx. 104.

2276

Arch. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 257. See alsoProc. Soc. Ant., vol. i. p. 34.

2277

Arch. Journ., vol. xxix. p. 283.

2278

P. S. A. S., vol. iii. p. 78.

2279

Ib., vol. vi. p. 203.

2280

Wilson, “P. A. of S.,” vol. i. p. 434. “Cat. A. I. Mus. Ed.,” p. 17.

2281

Wilson, “P. A. of S.,” vol. i. p. 435.

2282

“Cat. A. I. Mus. Ed.,” p. 15.

2283

Wilson, “P. A. of S.,” vol. i. p. 436.

2284

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xiv. p. 261; xxv. p. 65.

2285

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xxvi. p. 6.

2286

Hoare, “South Wilts,” p. 46. See also “Cat. Devizes Mus.,” No.173A.

2287

A. C. Smith, “Ants. of N. Wilts,” pp. 18, 19.Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xvi. pp. 179, 181. (These objects are now in the British Museum.)

2288

“Norfolk Archæology,” vol. iii. p. 1.

2289

“Cat. Devizes Mus.,” Nos. 56, 57. In theArchæologia, vol. xv. pl. vii., the rim and the top or bottom of the box are shown as quite distinct. Mr. Cunnington thought they might have covered the ends of staves.

2290

Arch. Camb., 3rd. S., vol. xii. p. 110.

2291

Reliquary, vol. ix. p. 67.

2292

Vol. xxii. p. 112. “Brit. Barrows,” p. 334.

2293

Vol. xxii. p. 245. “Brit. Barrows,” p. 366.

2294

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 74. “Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 60, 2.

2295

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 420, fig. 159.

2296

Arch., vol. lii. p. 41.

2297

Arch., vol. lii. p. 57.

2298

Arch. Journ., vol. vii. p. 190.

2299

“Cat. A. I. Mus. Ed.,” p. 10.

2300

Arch. Journ., vol. xxii. p. 74.Arch. Camb., 3rd S., vol. xii. p. 97.

2301

Arch. Assoc. J., vol. vii. p. 217.

2302

Arch., vol. viii. p. 59.

2303

Arch., vol. xxxviii. p. 413.

2304

P. S. A. S., vol. vi. p. 112. App. p. 42.

2305

Trans. Ethn. Soc., vol. vii. p. 50.

2306

P. S. A. S., vol. xiii. p. 127.

2307

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 131.Arch., vol. liv. p. 106.

2308

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xv. p. 268.

2309

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. iii. p. 344.Arch., vol. xxxv. p. 247.

2310

Hoare, “South Wilts,” p. 124.

2311

Plin., “Nat. Hist.,” lib. xxxvii. c. 2.

2312

Rev. Arch., vol. xv. p. 364.

2313

“Exc. on Cranborne Chase,” vol. i. pl. xlix.

2314

SeeArch. Assoc. Journ., vol. i. p. 325.

2315

Vol. xvi. p. 299.

2316

Ibid., p. 300.

2317

Proc. Dorset Nat. Hist. and Ant. Field Club, vol. xiii., 1892, p. 178.

2318

Arch., vol. xxxi. p. 452.

2319

Hoare’s “South Wilts,” p. 114, pl. xiii.

2320

Arch. Journ., vol. xxvi. p. 304.

2321

Arch., vol. lii. p. 52.

2322

Op. cit., p. 56.

2323

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xv. p. 269.

2324

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xxiii. p. 219.

2325

Proc. S. A. S., vol. xv. p. 268. Munro, “Lake-dw.,” p. 50.

2326

Proc. S. A. S., vol. ix. p. 538.

2327

Wood-Martin, “Rude Stone Mon. of Ireland,” 1888, p. 60.

2328

Hoare, “South Wilts,” p. 124.

2329

Ibid.

2330

Op. cit., p. 165.

2331

Op. cit., p. 183, pl. xxii.

2332

Hoare, “South Wilts,” p. 75.Arch., vol. lii. p. 430.

2333

“Brit. Barrows,” p. 249.

2334

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xv. p. 337.

2335

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 53.

2336

Op. cit., p. 63.

2337

Op. cit., p. 29. C. R. Smith, “Coll. Ant.,” vol. i. p. 55.

2338

Arch., xii. p. 327.

2339

“Cran. Brit.,” vol. ii. pl. 58, 2.

2340

“Vest. Ant. Derb.,” p. 67.

2341

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 123.

2342

“Ten Years’ Dig.,” p. 130.

2343

Reliquary, vol. iii. p. 206.

2344

Reliquary, vol. xiv. p. 88.

2345

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. ii. p. 278.

2346

Arch. Journ., vol. xvi. p. 90.

2347

A. J., vol. xiii. p. 412.

2348

Proc. S. A. S., vol. viii. p. 350.

2349

Wood-Martin, “Rude Stone Mon. of Ireland,” 1888, p. 86.Journ. R. Hist. and Arch. Assoc. of Ireland, 4th S., vol. v. p. 107.

2350

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxii. p. 314.

2351

A. J., vol. xiii. p. 412.

2352

Arch. Camb., 3rd S., vol. vii. p. 91.Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xvi. p. 326.

2353

Bonwick, “Daily Life of the Tasmanians,” p. 194.

2354

Bonwick,op. cit., pp. 193–201.

2355

Plin., “Nat. Hist.,” lib. vii. cap. 40.

2356

Ovid, “Met.,” lib. xv. v. 41.

2357

“Man the Prim. Savage,” p. 338.

2358

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. x. p. 164.

2359

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. v. p. 327.

2360

“Desc. of West. Isl. of Scot., 1703,” p. 226, quoted by Stuart, “Sculpt. St. of Scot.,” vol. ii. p. lv.

2361

P. S. A. S., vol. iv. pp. 211, 279.

2362

P. S. A. S., vol. xxii. p. 63.

2363

P. S. A. S., vol. xxiv. p. 157.

2364

P. S. A. S., vol. xxvii. p. 433.

2365

De Bonstetten, “Rec. d’Ant. Suisses,” p. 8. Nilsson, “Stone Age,” p. 215.

2366

Blundevill’s “Fower chiefest Offices belonging to Horsemanship,” quoted inN. and Q., 6th S., vol. i. p. 54.

2367

Arch. f. Anth., vol. xxii. (1894), “Corr. Blatt.,” p. 101.

2368

P. S. A. S., vol. v. p. 128.Anthrop. Rev., vol. iv. p. 401. See alsoJourn. Anth. Inst., vol. xvii. p. 135, and “The Denham Tracts,” vol. ii., Folklore Soc., 1895.

2369

Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. v. p. 315.

2370

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxiv. p. 40.Matériaux, vol. v. p. 118, 249, &c.

2371

“Supp. au Rec. d’Ant. Suisses,” pl. i. 2.

2372

Baudot, “Sép. des Barb.,” p. 78.

2373

Lindenschmidt, “A. u. h. V.,” vol. ii. Heft xii. Taf. vi. 12.

2374

“Lapland,” ed. 1704, p. 277.

2375

“Cong. Préh. Lisbonne,” 1880, pl. v. Da Veiga, “Ant. de Algarve,” 1856. Cartailhac, p. 92.

2376

Schoolcraft, “Ind. Tribes,” vol. i. p. 86.

2377

See, for instance, Desnoyer’s “Recherches sur les Cavernes” in the “Dict. Univ. d’Hist. nat.” Pengelly,Geologist, vol. v. p. 65.Trans. Devon. Assoc., vol. i. pt. iii. p. 31. Lyell, “Princ. of Geol.,” 10th edit., vol. ii. p. 514, &c.; and W. Boyd Dawkins, “Cave-hunting,” 1874. Many British caverns have been well described by Mr. E. A. Martel in his “Irlande et Cavernes Anglaises,” Paris, 1897.

2378

“Gutta cavat lapidem, consumitur annulus usu.”—De Pont., lib. iv. El. x. v. 5. See also Lucretius, lib. i. v. 313:—

“Annulus in digito subtertenuatur habendoStillicidi casus lapidem cavat.”

“Annulus in digito subtertenuatur habendo

Stillicidi casus lapidem cavat.”

2379

See Prestwich,Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xi. p. 64.

2380

See Rev. H. Eley, F.G.S., inGeol., vol. iv. p. 521. Pengelly,Geol., vol. v. p. 65.

2381

Lyell, “Princ. of Geol.,” 10th edit., vol. ii. p. 520.

2382

“Elements of Geol.,” 6th edit., p. 122.

2383

Plin., “Nat. Hist.,” lib. vii. cap. 56.

2384

Æschylus, “Prom. Vinct.,” l. 452.

2385

“Laus Serenæ,” v. 77.

2386

Described in the “Reliquiæ Aquitanicæ,” London, 1875.

2387

“Recherches sur les Ossemens fossiles découverts dans les Cavernes de la Province de Liège,” 2 vols., 1833.

2388

Ann. des Sc. Nat. (Zool.), 4th S., vol. xv. p. 231.

2389

“Les Temps Antéhistoriques en Belgique,” 1871.

2390

Matériaux, vol. iv. p. 453; v. p. 172.Cong. Préh. Bruxelles, 1872, p. 432.Rev. d’Anthrop., 1st S., vol. i. p. 432. “Musée Préhist.” Tableau.

2391

Lartet and Christy inRev. Arch., vol. ix. p. 238. Le Hon, “L’homme foss.,” 36, 62. Mortillet,Matériaux, vol. iii. p. 191.

2392

“Le Mâcon préh.,”Arch. du Mus. d’hist. nat. de Lyon, 1872, vol. i.

2393

L’Anthropologie, vol. ii. p. 141; vol. vii., 1896, p. 385.Nature, vol. lv., 1897, p. 229.

2394

“Age de la Pierre,” Alcan, Paris, 1891.Bull. de la Soc. dauphinoise d’Ethn., 5 mars, 1894.

2395

Quar. Journ. G. S., vol. xxv., 1869, p. 192. “Cave-hunting,” p. 359.

2396

Trans. Prehist. Cong., 1868, p. 278.

2397

Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, p. 272.

2398

Beitr. zür Anth. Baierns, vol. ii. p. 210, pl. xii.

2399

Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, p. 275. “Cave-hunting,” p. 234.

2400

See “Rel. Aquit.,” pp. 93, 94.Trans. Dev. Assoc., vol. vi. p. 322.Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. ii. p. 2.

2401

Wilson’s “Preh. Ann. of Scot.,” vol. i. p. 48.

2402

“Pal. Mem.,” vol. ii. p. 522.

2403

Trans. Devonsh. Assoc., vol. ii. p. 469; iii. 191; iv. 467. To this paper I am largely indebted.

2404

L. c., vol. iii. p. 203.

2405

Trans. Dev. Assoc., vol. iii. p. 321.

2406

L. c., p. 327.

2407

Proc. G. S., vol. iii. p. 386.Trans. G. S., 2nd S., vol. vi. p. 433.

2408

Vol. iii. p. 353.

2409

SeeReports of the Brit. Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1865–71, inclusive. See also a lecture on “Kent’s Cavern, Torquay,” by W. Pengelly, Esq., F.R.S., F.G.S., inProc. R. I. Gt. Britain, Feb. 23, 1866. Dawkins, “Early Man in Britain,” p. 194. “Cave-hunting,” p. 324.

2410

Vols. vi. to xviii. See alsoQuar. Journ. of Science, April, 1874.

2411

SeeReport Brit. Assoc.1873, pp. 206, 209.

2412

Op. cit., p. 209.

2413

“Recherches Chimiques sur la Patine des Silex taillés.” Montauban, 1866. See also Judd, inProc. Geol. Assoc., vol. x. p. 218, and Lobley,op. cit., p. 226; as alsoComptes Rendus de l’Ac. des Sc., 1875, p. 979.

2414

Nature, vol. xlii. p. 7.

2415

Nilsson, “Stone Age,” p. 44.

2416

Dupont, “L’Homme pend. les Ages de la Pierre,” p. 71.

2417

See p. 325supra.

2418

“Lapland” (1704), p. 223.

2419

Dawkins, “Cave-hunting,” p. 112.

2420

P. 50.

2421

L’Anthropologie, vol. vi. 1895, p. 276, and Cartailhac,op. cit., vii. p. 309.

2422

P. 127.

2423

P. 361.

2424

Trans. Dev. Assoc., vol. v. p. 179; vii. p. 247.

2425

L’Anthropologie, vol. v., 1894, p. 371.

2426

“Palæont. Mem.,” vol. ii. p. 486.

2427

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., 1860, vol. xvi. p. 189. Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 321.Geologist, vol. i. p. 538; vol. iv. p. 153.Brit. Assoc. Report, 1858.

2428

P. 471.

2429

Proc. Dev. Assoc., vol. vi. p. 775.

2430

“Cave-hunting,” p. 319.

2431

Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” 3rd ed., p. 99.Trans. Devon. Assoc., vol. i. pt. iii. 31.

2432

Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 296.

2433

Geologist, vol. iv. p. 154.

2434

Such as “Reliq. Aquit.,” A., pl. v. fig. 2.

2435

SeeProc. Devon. Assoc., vol. vi. p. 835.Phil. Trans., 1873, p. 551.

2436

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. viii. p. 247.

2437

Op. cit., p. 462.

2438

Trans. Devon. Assoc., vol. xviii. p. 161.

2439

Op. cit., vol. xix. p. 419.

2440

Vol. xviii., 1862, p. 115; xix., 1863, 260. See also Dawkins on “The Habits and Conditions of the Two earliest-known Races of Men,”Quart. Journ. of Science, 1866,Macmillan’s Magazine, Oct. and Dec., 1870, “Cave-hunting,” p. 295, and “Early Man in Brit.,” p. 193, and Hamy, “Paléont. Humaine,” p. 117.

2441

Vol. xviii. p. 118. For the use of this block I am indebted to the Council of the Geological Society.

2442

See Lubbock’s “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 329.

2443

“Ant. of Man,” 3rd ed., p. 171.

2444

Falconer, “Palæont. Mem.,” vol. ii. p. 538.Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xvi., 1860, p. 487.Geologist, vol. iii. p. 413.

2445

“Pal. Mem.,” vol. ii. p. 540.

2446

“Ant. of Man,” 3rd ed., p. 173.

2447

Geologist, vol. vi. p. 47; v. 115.

2448

Geol. Mag., vol. ii. p. 471.

2449

Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. ix. p. 9.

2450

Q. J. G. S., vol. xlii. p. 9; xliii. p. 9.Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. ix. p. 26.

2451

Q. J. G. S., vol. xliii. p. 112; xliv. 112.Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. x. p. 14.Nature, vol. ix. p. 14.Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1886.

2452

Q. J. G. S., vol. xliv. p. 564.

2453

Q. J. G. S., vol. xliii. p. 116.Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. iii. p. 387.Q. J. G. S., vol. xxxii. p. 91. Dawkins, “Early Man in Brit.,” p. 192.

2454

Geol. Mag., vol. viii. p. 433.Brit. Assoc. Report, 1871.

2455

Q. J. G. S., vol. xxxi. p. 679; xxxii. p. 240; xxxiii. p. 579; xxxv. p. 724.

2456

“Early Man in Brit.,” p. 175. See also Pennington’s “Barrows, and Bone Caves of Derbyshire,” p. 99.Journ. Derb. A. and N. H. Soc., vol. iv. (1882), p. 169.

2457

Jour. Anth. Inst., vol. iii. pp. 392, 516.B. A. Rep., 1874–5. Miall’s “Geol., &c., of Craven,” 1878, p. 25. J. Geikie’s “Preh. Europe,” p. 97. Dawkin’s “Cave-hunting,” p. 81.

2458

Tr. Derb. A. and N. H. Soc., N. S., vol. i. p. 177.

2459

See Prestwich,Phil. Trans., 1860, p. 277—1864, 247; Evans,Arch., vol. xxxviii. p. 280; vol. xxxix. p. 57. Sir J. Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” p. 349.Nat. Hist. Rev.(1862), p. 244. Sir C. Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 93. Wilson, “Prehist. Man,” vol. i. p. 105. Falconer, “Palæont. Mem.,” vol. ii. p. 596.London Review, Jan., 1860;Gentleman’s Magazine, March and April, 1861;Blackwood’s Magazine, Oct., 1860;Quarterly Review, Oct., 1863;Edinburgh Review, July, 1863;Proc. Royal Inst., Feb. 26, 1864, &c. It seems needless now (1897) to add to these references.

2460

“Mémoire sur des Instruments en Silex trouvés à St. Acheul, près Amiens.”

2461

“Pal. Mem.,” vol. ii. p. 597.

2462

P. Salmon, “Dict. Pal. du Dép. de l’Aube,” 1882, p. 179.

2463

Matériaux, vol. xiii., 1878, p. 22; vol. xvi., 1881, p. 329, 410. E. Chouquet, “Les Silex taillés de Chelles,” 4to, 1883.

2464

L’Anthropologie, vol. vi., 1895, p. 497.

2465

Cochet, “Seine Inéfrieure,” p. 248.

2466

Op. cit., p. 503.

2467

G. Dumoutier, 1882.

2468

Gosselet, Lille, 1891.

2469

“Mus. Préh.,” 44, 46.Mat., vol. viii., 1873, pp. 163, 245.

2470

Rev. Arch. du Midi de la France, 1868.Mat., vol. xiii., 1878, 40.

2471

Bull. Soc. Ant. de Brux., vol. xiii. 1894–5.

2472

Ann. Soc. Arch. de Brux., vol. v. p. 145.Rev. des Quest. scient., July, 1891. See alsoCong. Préh. Bruxelles, 1872, p. 250, andCong. Arch. de Brux., 1891, p. 538.

2473

Zeitsch. f. Ethn., vol. xxiv., 1892, p. 366.Mitth. d’Ant. Ges. in Wien, N. S., vol. xiii., 1893, p. 204.L’Anthropologie, vol. viii., 1897, p. 53.

2474

Cong. Préh. Buda-Pest, 1876, p. 33.

2475

Mitth. d’Anth. Ges. in Wien, N. S. vol. xiii. 1893, p. 77.

2476

L’Anthrop., vol. vi. 1895, p. 1. De Baye, “Rapport sur les découvertes de M. Savenkow dans la Sibérie Orient.,” 1894.

2477

Nicolucci,Rendiconte dell’ Accad. di Napoli, August, 1868. Rossi,Rev. Arch., vol. xvi. p. 48. Ceselli, “Stromenti in Silice di Roma,” 1866.Macmillan’s Magazine, September, 1867.

2478

Concezio Rosa, “Ricerche di Arch. Preist.” Firenze, 1871, pl. ii. 1.

2479

Arch. per l’Ant. e la Etn., vol. viii., 1878, p. 41.

2480

Gastaldi, “Iconografia,” 1869, 4to, vol. ii.

2481

Bull. di Paletn. Ital., 1876, p. 122, pl. iv. 1.

2482

Bull. Soc. Géol. de France, 2 S., t. xx., 1863, p. 698.

2483

L’Anthrop., vol. vi., 1895, p. 616.

2484

“Ages préh. de l’Esp. et du Port.,” 1886, p. 26.

2485

“Les premiers Ages du mét. en Espagne,” 1887, p. 249.

2486

Cong. préh. Lisbonne, 1880, p. 237.

2487

“Ages préh. de l’Esp. et du Port,” 1886, p. 30.

2488

Rev. Arch., vol. xv. p. 18.

2489

“Rivers and their Catchment Basins.”

2490

Athenæum, April 4, 1863, p. 459.

2491

Wyatt inQuar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xviii., p. 113; xx., p. 187.Geologist, vol. iv. p. 242. See alsoBedfordshire Archit. and Archæol. Soc. Trans., 1861 and 1862. Prestwich,Phil. Trans., 1864, p. 253.Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xvii., p. 366. Evans,Arch., vol. xxxix. p. 69. Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 163.

2492

Matt. Paris, “Vit. Offæ II.,” p. 32.

2493

Walsingham, “Hist. Ang.,”s. a.1399.

2494

Phil. Trans., 1864, p. 254.

2495

Prestwich,Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xvii., p. 367.

2496

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xviii., p. 113; xx., p. 185.

2497

Prestwich,Phil. Trans., 1864, p. 284. Wyatt,ubi sup.

2498

Vol. xxxix. pl. iii.

2499

Trans. Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 6.

2500

Trans. Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 2.

2501

Trans. Watford Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. i. p. lxi.Trans. Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 7.

2502

Several are figured inTrans. Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii., 1896, pl. xii.

2503

“Man the Prim. Savage,” p. 261.

2504

Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. xiv., 1896, p. 417.

2505

A detailed account of Mr. Reid’s work is given in theProc. Roy. Soc., March 4th, 1897, vol. lxi. p. 40.

2506

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. v. p. 35.

2507

Seeley,Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1866), vol. xxii. p. 475.

2508

Antiquarian Comm., vol. ii. p. 201.

2509

Geol. Mag., 2nd Decade, vol. v. (1878), p. 400. See alsoCamb. Ant. Comm., vol. iv. p. 177, where the specimens are figured.

2510

Nature, vol. xxx. (1884), p. 632.

2511

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1866), vol. xxii. p. 478.

2512

Nature, vol. xxxiv. (1886), p. 521.

2513

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1861), vol. xvii. p. 363.

2514

“Flint Chips,” p. 43.

2515

Arch. Assoc. Journ., vol. xxxviii. p. 208.

2516

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xiv. p. 51, pl. iv.–vi. “Man the Primeval Savage,” p. 280.

2517

Phil. Trans., 1864, p. 253. See alsoQuar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1861), vol. xvii. p. 364. Evans,Arch., vol. xxxviii. p. 302; vol. xxxix. p. 63. Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 169.

2518

“Rel. Aquit.,” A. pl. v.

2519

“Rel. Aquit.,” A. pl. xvii. 3, 4.

2520

Quar. Journ. Suff. Inst. of Arch. and N. H., vol. i. p. 4.

2521

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1866), vol. xxii. p. 567; (1867), vol. xxiii. p. 45.

2522

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1869), vol. xxv. pp. 272, 449.

2523

Mr. Trigg (Quar. Journ. Suff. Inst., vol. i. p. 5) gives the following section:—

1. Surface soil1 foot.2. Yellow sand, slightly argillaceous, interspersed with ferruginous seams and layers of small flint shingle5 to 7 feet.3. Slightly rolled and sub-angular flints in an ochreous sandy matrix, with seams of silt and chalky detritus—variable6 to 9 feet.4. A similar matrix, with larger chalky patches, large masses of flint but slightly broken, and some sub-angular flints—variable6 to 9 feet.

It is in No. 3 that the implements are usually met with.

2524

Mr. Flower is mistaken in saying that these are some feet above the gravel in which the implements occur. Implements are found both above and below such seams, though for the most part towards the base of the gravel.

2525

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 431.

2526

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1867), vol. xxiii. p. 47.

2527

Arch., vol. xxxix. p. 77.

2528

Q. J. G. S.(1867), vol. xxiii. pp. 49, 52.

2529

Quar. Journ. Suff. Inst., vol. i. p. 4.

2530

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1869), vol. xxv. pl. xx.

2531

See an article, “On some Cavities in the Gravel of the Little Ouse,”Geol. Mag., vol. v. p. 443.

2532

Franks,Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iv. p. 124.

2533

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1869), vol. xxv. pp. 272, 449.

2534

Geol. Mag., vol. v. p. 445.

2535

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1869), vol. xxv. p. 449.

2536

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1869), vol. xxv. p. 449.

2537

Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., vol. iii. p. 285.

2538

Geol. Survey Mem.“On the Manufacture of Gun-flints,” 1879, p. 68. J. Geikie, “Preh. Europe,” 1881, p. 263. Miller and Skertchly, “The Fenland,” 1868, p. 546,et seqq.

2539

Quar. Journ. Suff. Inst., vol. i. p. 4.

2540

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1869), vol. xxv. p. 452.

2541

Essex Nat., vol. ii. p. 97.

2542

This discovery is mentioned in Miller and Skertchly, “The Fenland” (1878), p. 353.

2543

Natural Science, vol. x. (1897) p. 89.

2544

Arch. Journ., vol. xxxv. p. 265.

2545

Arch., vol. xiii. p. 204.

2546

4th ed., pp. 353, 354. See alsoGeologist, vol. iv. p. 19.

2547

1860, p. 277; 1864, p. 247. See also Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 166.

2548

Prestwich,Phil. Trans., 1860, p. 307.

2549

Geologist, vol. iii. p. 347.

2550

Skelton’s “Meyrick’s Armour,” pl. xlvi.

2551

Phil. Trans., 1860, pl. xiv. 6.

2552

Arch., vol. xiii. pl. xv.

2553

1876, p. 289.

2554

Report, 1888, p. 674.

2555

Report, 1895, p. 679.

2556

Report, 1895, p. lxxxvi.

2557

Report, 1896, p. 400.Essex Nat., vol. ix., p. 245.

2558

Essex Nat., vol. ii. p. 187.

2559

Essex Nat., vol. vi. p. 78.

2560

Vol. i. p. lxiv.

2561

Vol. xxxviii. p. 301. See also Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 160. Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 352. “Horæ Ferales,” p. 132, pl. i. 21. Dawkins, “Early Man in Brit.,” 1880, p. 156.

2562

Nature, vol. xxviii. p. 564.

2563

Nature, vol. xxix. p. 15.

2564

Nature, vol. xxviii. p. 564.

2565

Stanford, 1894.

2566

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xi. p. 107.

2567

Geol. Mag., vol. v. p. 392.

2568

Geol. and Nat. Hist. Repert., vol. i. p. 373.

2569

“Ant. of Man,” pp. 161, 124.

2570

Geol. Mag., vol. v. p. 391. See alsoQuar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1869), vol. xxv. p. 95.

2571

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1869), vol. xxv. p. 99.

2572

“Man, the Prim. Savage,” p. 214.Nature, vol. xxvii. p. 270.

2573

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xii. p. 176; xiii. p. 357.Nature, vol. xxv. p. 460; xxvi. p. 579.Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. viii. p. 126.Essex Naturalist, vol. i. p. 125.

2574

Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. viii. p. 336.

2575

Op. cit., vol. viii., p. 344.

2576

Mem. Geol. Survey, “The Geology of London, &c.,” vol. i., 1889.

2577

“Man the Prim. Sav.,” p. 222, fig. 148.

2578

Op. cit., p. 225, fig. 151.

2579

Op. cit., p. 239, fig. 165.

2580

Op. cit., p. 224, fig. 150. See alsoTrans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii., 1896. pl. xiii., xiv.

2581

Brit. Assoc. Report, 1869, p. 130. He has also kindly furnished me with other particulars.

2582

Q. J. G. S., vol. xxviii. p. 449.

2583

J. A. Brown, “Palæolithic Man in N.W. Middlesex,” p. 113.

2584

Quar. Journ. of Science, vol. viii., 1878, p. 316.

2585

Q. J. G. S., vol. xlii., 1886, p. 197. “Palæolithic Man in N.W. Middlesex,” London, 1887.Nature, vol. xxxv., p. 555.Proc. Geol. Assoc., June 18, 1887, vol. x., 1888, p. 172.Trans. Middlesex Nat. Hist. Soc., Feb. 12, 1889, Whitaker, “Geol. of Lond.,” p. 308.

2586

Proc. S. A., 2nd S., vol. xi. p. 211.

2587

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. ix. p. 316; 1881, p. 1.Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. xiv., p. 153.

2588

Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. x., 1888, p. 361.

2589

“Man the Prim. Savage,” p. 241.Nature, vol. xxvi. p. 293; xxviii. p. 617.

2590

Tr. Berks. Archæol. and Archit. Soc., vol. ii., 1896, pp. 16, 39, 43.

2591

“Pal. Man in N.W. Middlesex,” p. 31.

2592

Journ. Arch. Assoc., vol. xxxvii. pp. 1, 79.Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. viii. p. 348. Tr. Berks. A. and A. Soc., 1882.

2593

Q. J. G. S., vol. xxxvi. p. 296.

2594

Q. J. G. S., vol. xlvi., 1890, p. 582. See also Mr. H. W. Monckton, F.G.S., inQ. J. G. S., vol. xlix., 1893, p. 310.

2595

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xxiv., 1895, p. 44, pl. iii.

2596

Q. J. G. S., vol. xlix., 1893, p. 321.

2597

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xiv., 1885, p. 192.

2598

See also Hedges’ “Wallingford,” 1881, vol. i. p. 29.

2599

Op. cit., p. 29.

2600

Antiquary, vol. xxx. pp. 148, 192.Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1894 (Oxford), p. 663.

2601

Evans,Arch., vol. xxxix. p. 72; Prestwich,Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1861), vol. xvii. p. 367; Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 161; Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 353.

2602

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. vii. p. 278.

2603

Surr. Arch. Coll., vol. xi.

2604

Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. xiii. p. 77.

2605

Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. xiii. p. 80.

2606

Arch., vol. xxxix. p. 73. Prestwich,Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xvii. p. 368. Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 355.

2607

Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii. pl. xi. 8.

2608

Stanford, London, 8vo, 1894.

2609

“Man, the Prim. Savage,” p. 179.

2610

Op. cit., p. 91.

2611

Op. cit., p. 170.Nature, vol. xliii. p. 345.

2612

Nature, vol. xl. p. 151.

2613

Nature, vol. xxiv. p. 582; vol. xxviii. p. 490.

2614

“Man the Prim. Savage,” figs. 97, 98, 99, pp. 135, 136. See alsoEssex Nat., vol. i.

2615

Figs. 58, 69, 70, and 71, in “Man the Prim. Savage.”

2616

Vol. ii., 1888, p. 67.

2617

Op. cit., p. 101, fig. 65.

2618

Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 4.

2619

Op. cit., p. 180, fig. 125.Essex Nat., vol. i. p. 36.

2620

Op. cit.p. 184.

2621

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. v. p. 165.

2622

Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 3.

2623

Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii., 1896, pl. xi. 5.

2624

Op. cit., p. 184.Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. viii., 1879, p. 278.Nature, vol. xxiii. p. 604.

2625

Op. cit., p. 185.

2626

Op. cit., p. 214.

2627

Essex Nat., vol. iii. p. 235.

2628

Essex Nat., vol. iv. p. 17.

2629

Essex Nat., vol. ii. p. 262.

2630

Nature, vol. xxviii. p. 367.

2631

Q. J. G. S., vol. xxviii., 1872, p. 462.

2632

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xii. p. 230.

2633

“Note on the Disc. at Church Field, West Wickham,” privately printed.Arch. Cant., vol. xiv., 1883, p. 88.Antiq., vol. ix. p. 213. Clinch, “Antiq. Jottings,” 1889, pp. 180, 186.

2634

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. xi. p. 164.

2635

Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 355.

2636

Q. J. G. S., vol. xlvii., 1891, p. 145.

2637

Q. J. G. S., vol. xxxvi., 1880, p. 547.

2638

Arch. Journ., vol. xxxvii. 1880, p. 294, pl. i.

2639

Geol. Mag., vol. ix., 1872, p. 268.Q. J. G. S., vol. xxviii., 1872, p. 414.Geol. Mag., 2nd Dec., vol. i., 1874, p. 479.

2640

Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1875, p. 175.Nat., vol. xii. p. 202.Proc. W. Lond. Sci. Assoc., 1876.

2641

Sep., 1875, p. 263.

2642

“Early Man in Brit.,” 1880, p. 136.

2643

Op. cit., p. 135.

2644

Q. J. G. S., vol. xlvii., 1891, p. 129, pl. vi.

2645

Q. J. G. S., vol. li., 1895, p. 505.

2646

Op. cit., p. 505.

2647

Op. cit., p. 523.

2648

Arch., vol. xxxix. p. 74; Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 355.

2649

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xxi., 1892, p. 246.

2650

Q. J. G. S., vol. xlvii., 1891, p. 130.

2651

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xxi. p. 263.

2652

Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1891, pp. 353, 652.

2653

Q. J. G. S., vol. xlv., 1889, p. 270.

2654

Q. J. G. S., vol. xlvii., 1891, p. 126. See alsoJourn. Anth. Inst., vol. xxi., 1892, p. 246; and Prestwich, “Controverted Questions in Geology,” 1895.

2655

Proc. Geol. Assoc., vol. xi. p. lxxxii.

2656

“Geology of the Weald,” pp. 193, 194, 297.

2657

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xxi., 1892, pl. 18.

2658

Archæologia, vol. xxxix. p. 63.

2659

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xvii. p. 365. Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” p. 161. Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 355.Geologist, vol. vii. p. 118.Once a Week, June 19, 1869.Geol. Mag., vol. iii. p. 335.Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 465.

2660

Jour. Anth. Inst., vol. iv. p. 38.

2661

Vol. xxxix. pl. i. 1; pl. ii. 1.

2662

Vol. iii. p. 501.

2663

Geologist, vol. v. p. 333.

2664

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xvii. p. 364.

2665

Vol. xxxix. p. 66.

2666

Lyell, “Prin. of Geol.,” 10th ed., vol. i. p. 523.

2667

Arch., vol. xxxix. pl. ii. 2.

2668

Phil. Trans., 1864, p. 254.

2669

Geologist, vol. iv. p. 391.

2670

This specimen is also figured inOnce a Week, June 19, 1869, p. 501.

2671

“Man the Prim. Savage,” fig. 144, p. 214.

2672

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xi. p. 110.

2673

“Flint Chips,” p. 45.

2674

Codrington,Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxvi. p. 537.

2675

Geologist, vol. vi. pp. 110–154.

2676

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xx. p. 188. See also Lyell, “Prin. of Geol.,” 10th ed., vol. ii. p. 560.

2677

“Flint Chips,” p. 45.

2678

Codrington,Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1870), vol. xxvi. pl. xxxvi.

2679

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1870), vol. xxvi. pl. xxxvi. p. 541.

2680

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. xv. p. 72.

2681

“Opening of the Blackmore Mus.,” p. 29. “Flint Chips,” p. 47.

2682

“Flint Chips,” p. 47.

2683

Q. J. G. S.(1861), vol. xx. p. 188. See also Lyell, “Ant. of Man,” 3rd ed., p. 519; andGeologist, vol. vi. p. 395.

2684

“Flint Chips,” p. 47.Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1865), vol. xxi. p. 252.

2685

Proc. Geol. Soc., vol. i. p. 25.

2686

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1865), vol. xi. p. 101.

2687

Phil. Trans.(1860), p. 302.

2688

Prestwich,Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xi. p. 103. Stevens, “Flint Chips,” p. 12.

2689

Formerly described erroneously asBos longifrons.

2690

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1865), vol. xxi. p. 250.Arch. Journ., vol. xxi. pp. 243, 269.

2691

Wilts Arch. Mag., vol. xxii. p. 117.

2692

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1872), vol. xxviii. p. 39.

2693

“Flint Chips,” p. 47.

2694

“Flint Chips,” p. 28. Codrington,Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1870), vol. xxvi. p. 537.

2695

“Flint Chips,” p. 48. Lyell, “Prin. of Geol.,” 10th ed., vol. ii. p. 562. Codrington,Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc.(1870), vol. xxvi. p. 537.

2696

Q. J. G. S., vol.xlix. (1893), p. 327.

2697

“Flint Chips,” p. 28.

2698

Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1877, p. 116.Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. vii., 1878, p. 499.

2699

Geol. Mag., Dec. 2, vol. v., 1878, p. 37. See alsoTrans. Dev. Assoc., vol. xvi., 1884, p. 501.

2700

“Natural Science,” vol. x. (1897), p. 224.

2701

Geol. Mag., 2nd Dec., vol. vi., 1879, p. 480.Trans. Devon. Assoc., vol. xii., 1880, p. 445.

2702

Archæol., xxxix. pl. iv.

2703

Phil. Trans., 1860, p. 310.Arch., vol. xxxviii. p. 289.

2704

Arch., vol. xxxix., p. 57.

2705

“Flint Chips,” p. 41.

2706

Nature, vol. xxv., 1881, p. 173.

2707

Watelet, 1866.

2708

“Flint Chips,” p. 41.

2709

Arch., vol. xxxviii., 1860, p. 291.

2710

Arch., vol. xli. p. 401. pl. xviii. 9.

2711

Aarböger f. Nord. Oldk. og Hist., 1867. p. 283.

2712

Q. J. G. S.(1867), vol. xxiii. pp. 48, 52.

2713

Madras Journ. Lit. and Science, Oct., 1866.Geol. Mag., vol ii. p. 503.Q. J. G. S., 1868, vol. xxiv. p. 484.Trans. of Inter. Cong. of Preh. Arch., 1868, p. 224.Proc. As. Soc. Bengal, Sept., 1867.Aarbög. f. Nord. Oldk., 1869, p. 339.Mem. Geol. Survey India, vol. x., 1873, p. 43.Essex Naturalist, vol. ii. p. 97.Geol. Mag., Dec. 2, vol. vii., 1880, p. 542.

2714

Q. J. G. S., 1868, vol. xxiv. p. 493.

2715

Mem. G. S. India, vol. xii. p. 241.

2716

Rec. G. S. India, Aug., 1873, p. 49. Dawkins, “Early Man in Brit.,” p. 166.

2717

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xvii., 1888, p. 57.

2718

Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. lvi., 1887, p. 249.

2719

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. i. p. 66. “Horæ Ferales,” p. 132, pl. i. 19.

2720

Trans. Preh. Cong.1878, p. 278.

2721

Mat., vol. viii. 1873, p. 179.

2722

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. x., 1881, p. 428.

2723

Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1880, p. 624.

2724

Mat., vol. x., 1875, p. 197.

2725

Mat., vol. xxii. 1888, p. 221.

2726

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. x. 1881, p. 318, pl. xvi.

2727

L’Anthrop., vol. v., 1894, p. 530.

2728

Proc. Soc. Ant., 2nd S., vol. v. p. 331.

2729

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. iv., 1875, p. 215, pl. xvi.

2730

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xi., 1882, p. 382.

2731

Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1880, p. 624.

2732

“Hawara,” 1889, pl. xxvii., and subsequent expeditions.

2733

“Rech. sur les Origines de l’Egypte,” 1896,q.v.

2734

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xxv. 1896, p. 272, pl. xix.–xxi.Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1895, p. 824.Proc. R. S., vol. lx., 1896, p. 19.

2735

Q. J. Ethn. Soc., vol. ii. p. 41, pl. i. 3.

2736

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xi., 1882, p. 124.Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1880, p. 622.

2737

Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xvi., 1887, p. 68.

2738

Camb. Ant. Comm., vol. v. p. 57, 6 plates.

2739

Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. lx., 1896, p. 19.

2740

C. C. Abbott, “Primitive Industry,” 1881; Report, 1877, 1878.Proc. U. S. Nat. Hist. Mus., 1888, Appendix; 1890, pp. 187, 371.Proc. Bost. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. xxi. pp. 124, 132. T. Wilson, “La Période paléol. dans l’Amér. du Nord.,” Paris, 1892.

2741

W. H. Holmes,Smithsonian Inst. Rep., 1894.Nature, vol. xlviii., 1893, p. 253; vol. lv. 1897, p. 459 v.; Mercer’s “Res. upon the Ant. of Man in the Delaware Valley,” 1897.

2742

“Flint Chips,” p. 42.

2743

“Ant. Celt. et Antéd.,” vol. iii. p. 76,et seqq.; 455,et seqq.

2744

Arch., vol. xxxviii. p. 291.

2745

Nat. Hist. Rev., 1862, p. 250.

2746

“Man the Prim. Savage,” p. 268.

2747

P. 542supra.

2748

P. 607supra.

2749

Nature, vol. xxvii., 1883, pp. 8, 53, 54, 102.

2750

Nature, vol. xxix., 1884, p. 83. “Man the Prim. Savage,” p. 272.

2751

Cong. Inter. d’Anthrop., &c., 1867, p. 70. Hamy, “Paléont. Hum.,” p. 49.

2752

See F. C. J. Spurrell inArch. Journ., vol. xlviii., 1891, p. 315.Journ. Anth. Inst., vol. xxiii. p. 260.Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1892, p. 900.Nat. Science, vol. v., Oct., 1894.

2753

“Explication de l’apparence de taille, &c.,” Dieppe, 1881.

2754

See Worthington Smith inJourn. Anth. Inst., vol. xiii., 1884, p. 377, and “Man, the Prim. Savage,” p. 294et seqq.

2755

See also Prestwich,Phil. Trans., 1860, p. 297.

2756

Seeantea, p. 565.

2757

C. R. du Cong. Intern. des Sci. Anthrop., 1880, p. 234.

2758

SeeTrans. Watford Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. i., 1878, p. 137.

2759

Lyell, “Principles of Geol.,” 10th ed., vol. i. p. 354.

2760

Op. Cit., p. 350.

2761

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xix. (1863), p. 321.

2762

“Encyc. Brit.”—Art. “Rivers.” Lyell, “Princ. of Geol,” 10th ed., vol. i. p. 348. Lubbock, “Prehistoric Times,” 4th ed., p. 382.

2763

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. ix. (1853), p. 48.

2764

Lyell’s “Princ. of Geol.,” vol. i. p. 458. Geikie,Geol. Mag., vol. v. p. 250.

2765

Geol. Mag.(1868), vol. v. p. 250.

2766

Phil. Trans., 1864, p. 293. See also Lyell, “Princ. of Geol.,” vol. i. p. 366.

2767

Annales de Chimie et de Physique, 1866. Trans. inSmithsonian Report, 1866, p. 425.

2768

Phil. Trans., 1864, p. 296.

2769

See p. 664.

2770

H. G. Seeley,Q. J. G. S., vol. xxii. p. 472.

2771

Q. J. G. S., vol. xxv. p. 455.

2772

Quar. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxv. p. 453.

2773

Phil. Trans., 1860, pl. xi.

2774

Prestwich,Phil. Trans., 1860, pl. xi. See p. 577,supra.

2775

Brit. Assoc. Report, 1896, p. 400.

2776

Geol. Mag., vol. iii. p. 348.

2777

Q. J. Geol. Soc., vol. xxvi. p. 528.

2778

Q. J. Geol. Soc., vol. xv. p. 219.

2779

Q. J. Geol. Soc., vol. xx. p. 189.

2780

Geologist, vol. v. p. 452.

2781

“Rivers and their Catchment Basins.”

2782

R. A. C. Godwin-Austen,Q. J. G. S., vol. xiii. p. 50.

2783

There may be some decree of uncertainty whether the gravels at this spot are to be connected immediately with the main stream, or with an affluent running into it approximately by the same course as that of the present Bourne, but this is of little moment.

2784

Q. J. G. S., vol. xiii. p. 45.

2785

Q. J. G. S., vol. xxvi. p. 532.

2786

Phil. Trans., 1864, p. 266.

2787

Phil. Trans., 1864, p. 291.

2788

Q. J. G. S., vol. xxv. p. 209.

2789

P. 580supra.

2790

Q. J. G. S., vol. vii. p. 31.

2791

Q. J. G. S., vol. xxii. p. 553.

2792

“Heat considered as a Mode of Motion,” p. 182. Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 408.

2793

Q. J. G. S., vol. xxiv. p. 103; xxv. p. 57.

2794

Phil. Trans., 1864, p. 278, &c.

2795

“Flint Chips,” p. 47.

2796

Ravin,Mém. de la Soc. d’Emul. d’ Abbeville, 1838, p. 196.Phil. Trans., 1860, p. 301.

2797

“Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 365.

2798

Athenæum, 1863, July 4.

2799

Hamy, “Paléontologie humaine,” p. 210,et seqq.Bull. Soc. d’Anthrop. de Paris, 2nd S., vol. iii. p. 331. Belgrand, “Bassin de la Seine,” pl. xlviii. and xlix.

2800

Rec. Geol. Sur. of India, vol. xxvii., 1894, p. 101.Geol. Mag., Dec. 4, vol. i., 1894, p. 525.Nat. Science, vol. v. p. 345, vol. x. p. 233.

2801

Trans. Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. i. p. 145.Brit. Assoc. Rep., 1890, p. 963.Nature, vol. xlii. p. 50.

2802

Several writers have attempted to bridge over this gap, or to show that it does not exist. SeeJourn. Anth. Inst., vol. xxii. p. 66. Cazalis de Fondouce,Cong. Préh. Stockholm, 1874, p. 112. Brown, “Early Man in Midd.” Worthington Smith, “Man the Prim. Savage.”

2803

Trans. Preh. Cong., 1868, p. 278.Supra, p. 485.

2804

“Princ. of Geol.,” 10th ed., vol. i. p. 295.

2805

“Preh. Times,” 4th ed. p. 423.

2806

Geol. Mag., vol. v. p. 249.

2807

Phil. Trans., 1864, p. 299.Proc. R. S., xiii. p. 135.

2808

Lubbock, “Preh. Times,” 4th ed., p. 430.

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