Chapter 49

FOOTNOTES:[1]De l'Avenir du Protestantisme et du Catholicisme.Par M. l'Abbé F. Martin. Paris: Tobra et Haton. 1869. 8vo, pp. 608.[2]Cicero, Legg. ii. 23.[3]Plutarch in Pompey. Seneca, Epis. 64.[4]Mother of Caligula, and grandmother of Nero, by her daughter Agrippina Julia.[5]To produce a gladiator in the arena was toedithim.[6]Pliny, Epis. iii. 21.[7]Mary Queen of Scots and her Accusers.Embracing a Narrative of Events from the Death of James V., in 1542, until the Death of the Regent Murray, in 1570. By John Hosack, Barrister-at law. William Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh and London. 1869.Histoire de Marie Stuart.Par Jules Gauthier. Vol. i. Paris. 1869.[8]This translation, which first appeared in theDemocratic Magazinethirty years ago, is now republished at the request of theauthor, G. J. G.[9]By the late Otto George Mayer, student of the Congregation of St. Paul.[10]Instead of these three lines we sometimes find the following:Fac me cruce custodiri,Morte Christi præmuniri,Confoveri gratia.The former version of the Latin is followed in the Greek, the latter in the English translation.[11]The Origin and Development of Religious Belief.By S. Baring-Gould, M.A., author ofCurious Myths of the Middle Ages,The Silver Store, etc. Part I. Heathenism and Mosaism. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 90, 92, and 94 Grand street. 1870.[12]"And some indeed he gave to be apostles, and some prophets and others evangelists, and others pastors and teachers.""That we may not now beCHILDREN,tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, in the wickedness of men, in craftiness by which they lie in wait to deceive." (St. Paul to the Ephesians, iv. 11, 14.)[13]The Christian World.The Bible in the Schools. February, 1870. New York: Bible House.[14]We desire to call attention to another point which could not be discussed in the foregoing article, and to which we can at present only allude in the briefest manner. Large sums of money have been granted by legislatures to universities and colleges which are controlled by the clergy of different Protestant denominations, in which they teach their religious opinions without restraint, and which they make, as far as they can, training-schools for their theological seminaries. Now, if the outcry against any grant of public funds to schools in which the Catholic religion is taught is taken up and sustained by Protestants, it follows that they must advocate the total secularization of all institutions, without exception, which enjoy any state subsidies, and, if they wish to keep control of religious instruction in any of the above-mentioned colleges, must refund to the state every thing which they now possess by grant from the state, and give up all claim to receive any further endowments. Catholics would never disendow or despoil these Protestant institutions, even if they had full power to do it; but if the party of infidelity ever gains, by the help of Protestants, full sway over our legislation, the latter may prepare themselves for a wholesale spoliation.[15]New Englander, January, 1870. Article entitled, "Moral Results of the Romish System."Handbuch der vergleichenden Statistik.Leipzig. 1868.Historisch-politische Blätter.Neuntes Heft, Munich. 1867. Article entitled, "Allgemeine und confessionelle Statistik in Preussen."[16]Including kingdom of Saxony, Brunswick, Hanover, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Altenburg, Hesse, and Bremen.[17]Including Schleswig-Holstein.[18]Saxony, Brunswick, Hanover, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Altenburg, Hesse, and the city of Bremen.[19]We have studiously avoided entering on the specific subjects of the debate among the fathers. So far as they have come to our knowledge, we are of course not allowed to speak of them, at least at present. But we trust we shall not be held as violating any confidence when we repeat a statement made to us on the best authority. Many of the fathers of the Vatican Council seem well acquainted with our Second Plenary Council of Baltimore. More than once it was referred to with special commendation as having thoroughly seized the character of this modern age in which we live. And the desire was expressed that its special regulations on one or two points for the church in the United States could be made universal laws for the whole church.[20]When it shall have been established with the evidence required by the Congregation of Rites that it has pleased God to work two miracles, of the first class, after the death of this venerable servant, through his intercession, a decree may be issued stating that fact, and allowing his beatification. When two other miracles of the same class shall have been proved with the same certainty to have occurred, after his beatification, the blessed servant of God may be canonized and enrolled among the saints of the church.[21]Chiesa e Stato: Rapsodie di C. Cantù, dallaRivista Universale.Corretto e riveduto dall' Autore. 1867. 8vo, pp. 94.[22]Suetonius, Aug. 39. The forum, where gladiators had often bled, was becoming less and less used for that purpose.[23]It is well known that Trajan exhibited shows in which ten thousand gladiators fought, but this monstrous development of cruelty came long after our date.[24]A school of gladiators. Suet Jul. 26; Aug. 42; Tacit. Hist. ii. 88.[25]This German expedition took the same direction as that of the Austrian armies which endeavored to dislodge Bonaparte from the siege of Mantua, and came pouring down both sides of Lake Guarda.[26]Cic. Fam. xiii. 59; Dion. iii. 22; Cæsar. Bell. Cir. iii. 20.[27]The malignant innkeepers mentioned by Horace, "Sat. lib. 1, Sat. 5," kept a low class of houses in comparison with this notable hostelry.[28]Pliny, Ep. x. 14, 121.[29]Cic. Qu. Fr. ii. 14; Plautus, Pœn. v. 1, 22, 2, 92; Cist. 2, 1, 27.[30]Libertus, freedman of such or such a family;libertinus, freedman in general, or son of one.[31]Zothecula, a small apartment, one side of which was formed by a curtain. Pliny, Epis. ii. 17; v. 6. Suetonius, Claud. 10.[32]Flutes, etc. Juvenal v. 121; xi. 137.[33]Something in this language may seem out of keeping. I would therefore remind the reader that the most learned, accomplished, studious, and highly-cultivated minds among the Romans were very frequently found in the class of slaves and freedmen.[34]A question that used to be urged as a test of fitness for membership, and an affirmative answer required. The custom has now become obsolete.[35]The evening star.[36]The Prose Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson, New and revised edition. Boston: Fields, Osgood & Co. 1870. 2 vols. 16mo.[37]Mary Stuart. Her Guilt or Innocence. An Inquiry into the Secret History of her Times.By Alexander McNeel Caird. Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black. 1869.[38]Bothwell: A Poem in Six Parts.By W. Edmonstoune Aytoun, D.C.L. Author ofLays of the Scottish Cavaliers,Bon Gaultier's Ballads, etc. Boston: Ticknor & Fields.[39]Mr. Froude, by "reactionary," means that he was not a disciple of John Knox; by "dangerous," that he was a man who would defend his religion.[40]The said undertakers shall not devise or lease any part of their lands at will, but shall make certain estates for years, for life, in tail or in fee simple.—Art.12th,charterofA.D.1613.[41]"In the number of farms, from one to five acres, the decrease has been 24,147; from five to fifteen acres, 27,379; from fifteen to thirty acres, 4274; while of farms above thirty acres, the increase has been 3670. Seventy thousand occupiers with their families, numbering about three hundred thousand, were rooted out of the land. In Leinster, the decrease in the number of holdings not exceeding one acre, as compared with the decrease of 1847, was 3749; above one and not exceeding five, was 4026; of five and not exceeding fifteen, was 2546; of fifteen to thirty, 391; making a total of 10,617. In Munster, the decrease in the holdings under thirty acres is stated at 18,814; the increase over thirty acres, 1399. In Ulster, the decrease was 1502; the increase, 1134. In Connaught, where the labor of extermination was least, the clearance has been most extensive. There in particular the roots of holders of the soil were never planted deep beneath the surface, and consequently were exposed to every exterminator's hand. There were in 1847, 35,634 holders of from one to five acres. In the following year there were less by 9703; there were 76,707 holders of from five to fifteen acres, less in one year by 12,891; those of from fifteen to thirty acres were reduced by 2121; a total depopulation of 26,499 holders of land, exclusive of their families, was effected in Connaught in one year."—Captain Larcom's report for 1848, as quoted in Mitchel'sLast Conquest of Ireland, (Perhaps.) Dublin, 1861.[42]The productiveness of the land when properly tilled isfourtimes greater than when under pasture.[43]Among those who yielded to his fatal and seductive influence was Fra Bartolomeo Coni, guardian of the monastery of Verona, who afterward became a heretic.[44]Letters in Sir Henry Ellis's Collec.[45]Letter of Lascelles to Earl Shrewsbury.[46]Stratford.[47]Wotton Reliq. (Sir Henry Wotton, once secretary to Raleigh.)[48]Ellis Collec.[49]Howell.[50]Hardwicke State Papers.[51]Letter of John Porry in Ellis Col.[52]History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth.By James Anthony Froude, late Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. 12 vols. New York: Charles Scribner & Co.[53]SeeEdinburgh Reviewfor January and October, 1858.[54]Mr. Froude's reference for this citation is Knox'sHistory of the Reformation, which is somewhat too general. The reader is advised to look for it in vol. ii. p. 382.[55]We regret that we have not room for the short discourse Knox made to Murray on the occasion of their parting.[56]The reader may see at p. 376, vol. viii., where he tells of the murder of Darnley, how effectually Mr. Froude cites his own invention as an historical fact: "So at last came Sunday, eleven months exactly from the day of Ritzio's murder; and Mary Stuart's words, that she would never rest until that dark business was revenged, were about to be fulfilled."[57]His style is never so sparkling with bright enjoyment as when recounting some insult or outrage to Mary Stuart.[58]"The moon was clear and full." "The queen with incredible animosity was mounteden croupbehind Sir Arthur Erskine, upon a beautiful English double gelding," "the king on a courser of Naples;" and "then away, away—past Restalriug, past Arthur's Seat, across the bridge and across the field of Musselburgh, past Seton, past Prestonpans, fast as their horses could speed;" "six in all—their majesties, Erskine, Traquair, and a chamberer of the queen." "In two hours the heavy gates of Dunbar had closed behind them, and Mary Stuart was safe."[59]His name was Randall—not Randolph, as he was, and is, usually called.[60]Greek, we may observe, was to the Romans of that age about as familiar as, and far more necessary than, French is to us. It was the vehicle of all philosophy, and the condition of all higher education. The fashionable Romans used Greek phrases in conversation through vanity.[61]Juvenal, vi. 61.[62]SeeDublin Reviewfor January.[63]Rev. Dr. Scheeben in his pamphlet. Part iii.[64]Thenegative accountgiven in pp. 63-69 as the "ancient constitution of the church" takes nothing from our argument.[65]London edition, 1840, vol. ii. pp. 204, 220.[66]H. E. v. 24, 25.[67]H. E. v. 22.[68]Hæret. fab., ii. 8, edit. Mansi, tom. i. p. 1003 sqq.[69]Adv. Prax. i.[70]Epiph. Hæres. 42.[71]Socrat. H. E. ii. 15.[72]See Philipps'sCompend. of Can. Law, vol. i. p. 45.[73]Galland, Bibl. t. viii. p. 569 sq.[74]See Ballerini, De Antiq. Collect. and Biblioth. Juris-Can. tom. ii.[75]Died 536A.D.[76]Migne, Patrol. tom. 84, gives this collection.[77]Denziger's Enchiridion, p. 29.[78]See Denziger, p. 47.[79]In theAugsburg Gazette, and in a separate pamphlet since issued.[80]See Döllinger'sHistory of the Church, vol. ii. sect. iii. p. 221.[81]Denzig. Enchir. p. 48.[82]Athanas. Apol. ad Constant. n. 31. Le Quien, Oriens Christian. tom. ii. p. 642.[83]Vol. ii. pp. 29, 35 sq.[84]H. E. 8. edit. Vales. tom. ii. p. 70, ch. 415.[85]H. E. ii. 15.[86]Cæl. Symbol. ad Zosim. Mansi, tom. iv. pp. 325, 370.[87]August. Serm. 132, n. 10.[88]Ep. ad. Leon. 98, c. i. iv. Ball. edit. Harduin, tom. ii. pp. 655-660.[89]Ep. 104, ad. Marc. c. iii.[90](Vigil. Epist. ad Univ. Eccles. apud Mansi, tom. ix. pp. 50-61.)[91]Or petition,libellus.[92]Mansi, tom. ix. p. 62.[93]See Dölling. Ch. H. vol. ii. pp. 204, 205.[94]He died 1524. Agnes Strickland'sLives of the Queens of England, vol. v. 143.[95]Cardinal Bembo, Secretary of Leo X. and Librarian of St. Mark's, Venice; author of various pieces in Latin and Italian. Born 1470. Died 1547.[96]Cardinal Sadolet, Bishop of Carpentras, Secretary of Leo X.; author of several works in Latin prose and verse. Born 1477. Died 1547.[97]Lingard'sHistory of England, A.D. 1531.[98]Froude,History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth. Vol. vi. 88.[99]Lingard, vol. iv. appendix, note 8, 3.Poli Defensio, fol. 77, 78.[100]Pole to Prioli. Epist. vol. 1. p. 446.[101]December 20, 1536. Froude, iii. 187.[102]Lingard, v. 45.[103]Froude vi. 333.[104]Miss Strickland's Lives, v. 208.[105]Epist. Reg. Pol. vol. iii. pp. 37-39.[106]April, 1539.[107]May 27, 1541. (33 Henry VIII.)[108]Pole to the Cardinal of Burgos. Epist. iii. 36, 76.[109]Vol. i. p. 402.[110]Life of Pole.London, 1767, i. 354.[111]Conc. Trident. Sessio VI.[112]Flanagan,History of the Church in England, vol. ii. 122, 127-8.[113]See Lingard, vol. v. 198.[114]February 6th, 1554.[115]Mason to Queen Mary, October 5th, 1554.[116]Froude, vol. vi. 395 and 517.[117]Phillips'sLife of Pole, vol. ii. 172, note.[118]Lingard, vol. v. 224.[119]March 23d, 1555.[120]Hist. Ref.vol. ii. p. 156.[121]Vita Poli, fol. 33.[122]Poli Epist. Phillips's Life, vol. ii. p. 222.[123]The number of persons put to death in Queen Mary's reign was, as stated above, not over 400. From the year 1641 to 1659, 826,000 persons perished, were exiled or sold as slaves in Ireland, through the religious persecution of the English Protestant government. (O'Reilly's Memorials, p. 345.)[124]Lingard, v. 254. Phillips, ii. 256-7. Froude, vi. 477, 481.[125]Greenwich. March 30th, 1558.[126]"Without straining too far the license of imagination, we may believe that the disease which was destroying him was chiefly a broken heart." (Froude, vi. 526.)[127]History of England, vol. vi. 531.[128]Vol. ii.[129]The skins of young calves are so named by New-England dairy-men.[130]We could not say the human nature is divine, nor could we say the human nature is God, orvice versa; but we can only predicate the concrete terms of the concrete. The metaphysical reason is, that the foundation of this interchange of names and properties of both natures lies in their being both concrete in the subsistence of the Word. If we consider them abstractly, they are separate, and consequently cannot interchange attributes.[131]St. John, ch. xvii.,passim.[132]The idea comprehends other conditions which it is not necessary to unfold now.[133]"Dico Deum primaria intentione, qua voluit se creaturis communicare, voluisse mysterium Incarnationis et Christum Dominum ut esset caput et finis divinorum operum sub ipso Deo." (Suarez,De Incarnatione, Disp. v. sect. ii.)[134]Suarez, Ubicum.[135]Prov. ch. viii.[136]St. Paul Colos. ch. v. 16.[137]De Civit. Dei, lib. xv. cxxiii.[138]M. Souvestre's note to this passage is, "En Bretagne, aux yeux des paysans, la corpulence est une grande beauté; c'est un signe de distinction, de richesse, de loisir," etc.[139]SeeCatholic World, Nos. 45 and 46.[140]Is lix. 21.

FOOTNOTES:

[1]De l'Avenir du Protestantisme et du Catholicisme.Par M. l'Abbé F. Martin. Paris: Tobra et Haton. 1869. 8vo, pp. 608.

[2]Cicero, Legg. ii. 23.

[3]Plutarch in Pompey. Seneca, Epis. 64.

[4]Mother of Caligula, and grandmother of Nero, by her daughter Agrippina Julia.

[5]To produce a gladiator in the arena was toedithim.

[6]Pliny, Epis. iii. 21.

[7]Mary Queen of Scots and her Accusers.Embracing a Narrative of Events from the Death of James V., in 1542, until the Death of the Regent Murray, in 1570. By John Hosack, Barrister-at law. William Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh and London. 1869.Histoire de Marie Stuart.Par Jules Gauthier. Vol. i. Paris. 1869.

Histoire de Marie Stuart.Par Jules Gauthier. Vol. i. Paris. 1869.

[8]This translation, which first appeared in theDemocratic Magazinethirty years ago, is now republished at the request of theauthor, G. J. G.

[9]By the late Otto George Mayer, student of the Congregation of St. Paul.

[10]Instead of these three lines we sometimes find the following:Fac me cruce custodiri,Morte Christi præmuniri,Confoveri gratia.The former version of the Latin is followed in the Greek, the latter in the English translation.

[10]Instead of these three lines we sometimes find the following:

Fac me cruce custodiri,Morte Christi præmuniri,Confoveri gratia.

The former version of the Latin is followed in the Greek, the latter in the English translation.

[11]The Origin and Development of Religious Belief.By S. Baring-Gould, M.A., author ofCurious Myths of the Middle Ages,The Silver Store, etc. Part I. Heathenism and Mosaism. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 90, 92, and 94 Grand street. 1870.

[12]"And some indeed he gave to be apostles, and some prophets and others evangelists, and others pastors and teachers.""That we may not now beCHILDREN,tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, in the wickedness of men, in craftiness by which they lie in wait to deceive." (St. Paul to the Ephesians, iv. 11, 14.)

[12]"And some indeed he gave to be apostles, and some prophets and others evangelists, and others pastors and teachers."

"That we may not now beCHILDREN,tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, in the wickedness of men, in craftiness by which they lie in wait to deceive." (St. Paul to the Ephesians, iv. 11, 14.)

[13]The Christian World.The Bible in the Schools. February, 1870. New York: Bible House.

[14]We desire to call attention to another point which could not be discussed in the foregoing article, and to which we can at present only allude in the briefest manner. Large sums of money have been granted by legislatures to universities and colleges which are controlled by the clergy of different Protestant denominations, in which they teach their religious opinions without restraint, and which they make, as far as they can, training-schools for their theological seminaries. Now, if the outcry against any grant of public funds to schools in which the Catholic religion is taught is taken up and sustained by Protestants, it follows that they must advocate the total secularization of all institutions, without exception, which enjoy any state subsidies, and, if they wish to keep control of religious instruction in any of the above-mentioned colleges, must refund to the state every thing which they now possess by grant from the state, and give up all claim to receive any further endowments. Catholics would never disendow or despoil these Protestant institutions, even if they had full power to do it; but if the party of infidelity ever gains, by the help of Protestants, full sway over our legislation, the latter may prepare themselves for a wholesale spoliation.

[15]New Englander, January, 1870. Article entitled, "Moral Results of the Romish System."Handbuch der vergleichenden Statistik.Leipzig. 1868.Historisch-politische Blätter.Neuntes Heft, Munich. 1867. Article entitled, "Allgemeine und confessionelle Statistik in Preussen."

[15]New Englander, January, 1870. Article entitled, "Moral Results of the Romish System."

Handbuch der vergleichenden Statistik.Leipzig. 1868.

Historisch-politische Blätter.Neuntes Heft, Munich. 1867. Article entitled, "Allgemeine und confessionelle Statistik in Preussen."

[16]Including kingdom of Saxony, Brunswick, Hanover, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Altenburg, Hesse, and Bremen.

[17]Including Schleswig-Holstein.

[18]Saxony, Brunswick, Hanover, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Altenburg, Hesse, and the city of Bremen.

[19]We have studiously avoided entering on the specific subjects of the debate among the fathers. So far as they have come to our knowledge, we are of course not allowed to speak of them, at least at present. But we trust we shall not be held as violating any confidence when we repeat a statement made to us on the best authority. Many of the fathers of the Vatican Council seem well acquainted with our Second Plenary Council of Baltimore. More than once it was referred to with special commendation as having thoroughly seized the character of this modern age in which we live. And the desire was expressed that its special regulations on one or two points for the church in the United States could be made universal laws for the whole church.

[20]When it shall have been established with the evidence required by the Congregation of Rites that it has pleased God to work two miracles, of the first class, after the death of this venerable servant, through his intercession, a decree may be issued stating that fact, and allowing his beatification. When two other miracles of the same class shall have been proved with the same certainty to have occurred, after his beatification, the blessed servant of God may be canonized and enrolled among the saints of the church.

[21]Chiesa e Stato: Rapsodie di C. Cantù, dallaRivista Universale.Corretto e riveduto dall' Autore. 1867. 8vo, pp. 94.

[22]Suetonius, Aug. 39. The forum, where gladiators had often bled, was becoming less and less used for that purpose.

[23]It is well known that Trajan exhibited shows in which ten thousand gladiators fought, but this monstrous development of cruelty came long after our date.

[24]A school of gladiators. Suet Jul. 26; Aug. 42; Tacit. Hist. ii. 88.

[25]This German expedition took the same direction as that of the Austrian armies which endeavored to dislodge Bonaparte from the siege of Mantua, and came pouring down both sides of Lake Guarda.

[26]Cic. Fam. xiii. 59; Dion. iii. 22; Cæsar. Bell. Cir. iii. 20.

[27]The malignant innkeepers mentioned by Horace, "Sat. lib. 1, Sat. 5," kept a low class of houses in comparison with this notable hostelry.

[28]Pliny, Ep. x. 14, 121.

[29]Cic. Qu. Fr. ii. 14; Plautus, Pœn. v. 1, 22, 2, 92; Cist. 2, 1, 27.

[30]Libertus, freedman of such or such a family;libertinus, freedman in general, or son of one.

[31]Zothecula, a small apartment, one side of which was formed by a curtain. Pliny, Epis. ii. 17; v. 6. Suetonius, Claud. 10.

[32]Flutes, etc. Juvenal v. 121; xi. 137.

[33]Something in this language may seem out of keeping. I would therefore remind the reader that the most learned, accomplished, studious, and highly-cultivated minds among the Romans were very frequently found in the class of slaves and freedmen.

[34]A question that used to be urged as a test of fitness for membership, and an affirmative answer required. The custom has now become obsolete.

[35]The evening star.

[36]The Prose Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson, New and revised edition. Boston: Fields, Osgood & Co. 1870. 2 vols. 16mo.

[37]Mary Stuart. Her Guilt or Innocence. An Inquiry into the Secret History of her Times.By Alexander McNeel Caird. Edinburgh: Adam & Charles Black. 1869.

[38]Bothwell: A Poem in Six Parts.By W. Edmonstoune Aytoun, D.C.L. Author ofLays of the Scottish Cavaliers,Bon Gaultier's Ballads, etc. Boston: Ticknor & Fields.

[39]Mr. Froude, by "reactionary," means that he was not a disciple of John Knox; by "dangerous," that he was a man who would defend his religion.

[40]The said undertakers shall not devise or lease any part of their lands at will, but shall make certain estates for years, for life, in tail or in fee simple.—Art.12th,charterofA.D.1613.

[41]"In the number of farms, from one to five acres, the decrease has been 24,147; from five to fifteen acres, 27,379; from fifteen to thirty acres, 4274; while of farms above thirty acres, the increase has been 3670. Seventy thousand occupiers with their families, numbering about three hundred thousand, were rooted out of the land. In Leinster, the decrease in the number of holdings not exceeding one acre, as compared with the decrease of 1847, was 3749; above one and not exceeding five, was 4026; of five and not exceeding fifteen, was 2546; of fifteen to thirty, 391; making a total of 10,617. In Munster, the decrease in the holdings under thirty acres is stated at 18,814; the increase over thirty acres, 1399. In Ulster, the decrease was 1502; the increase, 1134. In Connaught, where the labor of extermination was least, the clearance has been most extensive. There in particular the roots of holders of the soil were never planted deep beneath the surface, and consequently were exposed to every exterminator's hand. There were in 1847, 35,634 holders of from one to five acres. In the following year there were less by 9703; there were 76,707 holders of from five to fifteen acres, less in one year by 12,891; those of from fifteen to thirty acres were reduced by 2121; a total depopulation of 26,499 holders of land, exclusive of their families, was effected in Connaught in one year."—Captain Larcom's report for 1848, as quoted in Mitchel'sLast Conquest of Ireland, (Perhaps.) Dublin, 1861.

[42]The productiveness of the land when properly tilled isfourtimes greater than when under pasture.

[43]Among those who yielded to his fatal and seductive influence was Fra Bartolomeo Coni, guardian of the monastery of Verona, who afterward became a heretic.

[44]Letters in Sir Henry Ellis's Collec.

[45]Letter of Lascelles to Earl Shrewsbury.

[46]Stratford.

[47]Wotton Reliq. (Sir Henry Wotton, once secretary to Raleigh.)

[48]Ellis Collec.

[49]Howell.

[50]Hardwicke State Papers.

[51]Letter of John Porry in Ellis Col.

[52]History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth.By James Anthony Froude, late Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. 12 vols. New York: Charles Scribner & Co.

[53]SeeEdinburgh Reviewfor January and October, 1858.

[54]Mr. Froude's reference for this citation is Knox'sHistory of the Reformation, which is somewhat too general. The reader is advised to look for it in vol. ii. p. 382.

[55]We regret that we have not room for the short discourse Knox made to Murray on the occasion of their parting.

[56]The reader may see at p. 376, vol. viii., where he tells of the murder of Darnley, how effectually Mr. Froude cites his own invention as an historical fact: "So at last came Sunday, eleven months exactly from the day of Ritzio's murder; and Mary Stuart's words, that she would never rest until that dark business was revenged, were about to be fulfilled."

[57]His style is never so sparkling with bright enjoyment as when recounting some insult or outrage to Mary Stuart.

[58]"The moon was clear and full." "The queen with incredible animosity was mounteden croupbehind Sir Arthur Erskine, upon a beautiful English double gelding," "the king on a courser of Naples;" and "then away, away—past Restalriug, past Arthur's Seat, across the bridge and across the field of Musselburgh, past Seton, past Prestonpans, fast as their horses could speed;" "six in all—their majesties, Erskine, Traquair, and a chamberer of the queen." "In two hours the heavy gates of Dunbar had closed behind them, and Mary Stuart was safe."

[59]His name was Randall—not Randolph, as he was, and is, usually called.

[60]Greek, we may observe, was to the Romans of that age about as familiar as, and far more necessary than, French is to us. It was the vehicle of all philosophy, and the condition of all higher education. The fashionable Romans used Greek phrases in conversation through vanity.

[61]Juvenal, vi. 61.

[62]SeeDublin Reviewfor January.

[63]Rev. Dr. Scheeben in his pamphlet. Part iii.

[64]Thenegative accountgiven in pp. 63-69 as the "ancient constitution of the church" takes nothing from our argument.

[65]London edition, 1840, vol. ii. pp. 204, 220.

[66]H. E. v. 24, 25.

[67]H. E. v. 22.

[68]Hæret. fab., ii. 8, edit. Mansi, tom. i. p. 1003 sqq.

[69]Adv. Prax. i.

[70]Epiph. Hæres. 42.

[71]Socrat. H. E. ii. 15.

[72]See Philipps'sCompend. of Can. Law, vol. i. p. 45.

[73]Galland, Bibl. t. viii. p. 569 sq.

[74]See Ballerini, De Antiq. Collect. and Biblioth. Juris-Can. tom. ii.

[75]Died 536A.D.

[76]Migne, Patrol. tom. 84, gives this collection.

[77]Denziger's Enchiridion, p. 29.

[78]See Denziger, p. 47.

[79]In theAugsburg Gazette, and in a separate pamphlet since issued.

[80]See Döllinger'sHistory of the Church, vol. ii. sect. iii. p. 221.

[81]Denzig. Enchir. p. 48.

[82]Athanas. Apol. ad Constant. n. 31. Le Quien, Oriens Christian. tom. ii. p. 642.

[83]Vol. ii. pp. 29, 35 sq.

[84]H. E. 8. edit. Vales. tom. ii. p. 70, ch. 415.

[85]H. E. ii. 15.

[86]Cæl. Symbol. ad Zosim. Mansi, tom. iv. pp. 325, 370.

[87]August. Serm. 132, n. 10.

[88]Ep. ad. Leon. 98, c. i. iv. Ball. edit. Harduin, tom. ii. pp. 655-660.

[89]Ep. 104, ad. Marc. c. iii.

[90](Vigil. Epist. ad Univ. Eccles. apud Mansi, tom. ix. pp. 50-61.)

[91]Or petition,libellus.

[92]Mansi, tom. ix. p. 62.

[93]See Dölling. Ch. H. vol. ii. pp. 204, 205.

[94]He died 1524. Agnes Strickland'sLives of the Queens of England, vol. v. 143.

[95]Cardinal Bembo, Secretary of Leo X. and Librarian of St. Mark's, Venice; author of various pieces in Latin and Italian. Born 1470. Died 1547.

[96]Cardinal Sadolet, Bishop of Carpentras, Secretary of Leo X.; author of several works in Latin prose and verse. Born 1477. Died 1547.

[97]Lingard'sHistory of England, A.D. 1531.

[98]Froude,History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth. Vol. vi. 88.

[99]Lingard, vol. iv. appendix, note 8, 3.Poli Defensio, fol. 77, 78.

[100]Pole to Prioli. Epist. vol. 1. p. 446.

[101]December 20, 1536. Froude, iii. 187.

[102]Lingard, v. 45.

[103]Froude vi. 333.

[104]Miss Strickland's Lives, v. 208.

[105]Epist. Reg. Pol. vol. iii. pp. 37-39.

[106]April, 1539.

[107]May 27, 1541. (33 Henry VIII.)

[108]Pole to the Cardinal of Burgos. Epist. iii. 36, 76.

[109]Vol. i. p. 402.

[110]Life of Pole.London, 1767, i. 354.

[111]Conc. Trident. Sessio VI.

[112]Flanagan,History of the Church in England, vol. ii. 122, 127-8.

[113]See Lingard, vol. v. 198.

[114]February 6th, 1554.

[115]Mason to Queen Mary, October 5th, 1554.

[116]Froude, vol. vi. 395 and 517.

[117]Phillips'sLife of Pole, vol. ii. 172, note.

[118]Lingard, vol. v. 224.

[119]March 23d, 1555.

[120]Hist. Ref.vol. ii. p. 156.

[121]Vita Poli, fol. 33.

[122]Poli Epist. Phillips's Life, vol. ii. p. 222.

[123]The number of persons put to death in Queen Mary's reign was, as stated above, not over 400. From the year 1641 to 1659, 826,000 persons perished, were exiled or sold as slaves in Ireland, through the religious persecution of the English Protestant government. (O'Reilly's Memorials, p. 345.)

[124]Lingard, v. 254. Phillips, ii. 256-7. Froude, vi. 477, 481.

[125]Greenwich. March 30th, 1558.

[126]"Without straining too far the license of imagination, we may believe that the disease which was destroying him was chiefly a broken heart." (Froude, vi. 526.)

[127]History of England, vol. vi. 531.

[128]Vol. ii.

[129]The skins of young calves are so named by New-England dairy-men.

[130]We could not say the human nature is divine, nor could we say the human nature is God, orvice versa; but we can only predicate the concrete terms of the concrete. The metaphysical reason is, that the foundation of this interchange of names and properties of both natures lies in their being both concrete in the subsistence of the Word. If we consider them abstractly, they are separate, and consequently cannot interchange attributes.

[131]St. John, ch. xvii.,passim.

[132]The idea comprehends other conditions which it is not necessary to unfold now.

[133]"Dico Deum primaria intentione, qua voluit se creaturis communicare, voluisse mysterium Incarnationis et Christum Dominum ut esset caput et finis divinorum operum sub ipso Deo." (Suarez,De Incarnatione, Disp. v. sect. ii.)

[134]Suarez, Ubicum.

[135]Prov. ch. viii.

[136]St. Paul Colos. ch. v. 16.

[137]De Civit. Dei, lib. xv. cxxiii.

[138]M. Souvestre's note to this passage is, "En Bretagne, aux yeux des paysans, la corpulence est une grande beauté; c'est un signe de distinction, de richesse, de loisir," etc.

[139]SeeCatholic World, Nos. 45 and 46.

[140]Is lix. 21.

Back to Index Next