Footnotes

1.Macaulay.

2.Marble Faun, vol. ii. p. 129, Tauch. Ed.

3.John Dwight’s translation.

4.SeeSumof St. Thomas, i. 2, cviii.

5.Words of Pius IX.

6.Lutheran I am not; nor Zwinglian; still less Anabaptist. In short. I am one who believes in, honors, and respects the holy, true, and Catholic Church.

7.Childlike simplicity.

8.The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease, and Heredity,etc.By R. L. Dugdale. With an Introduction by Elisha Harris, M.D. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons.

9.The Catholic World, June, 1876, “Hammond on the Nervous System.”

10.Some Remarks on Crime-Cause.Richard Vaux.

11.St. Hedwige, Duchess of Silesia and Poland. By F. Becker. Collection of Historical Portraits. No. VIII. Herder & Co., Freiburg in Breisgau and Strassburg. 1872.

12.Theodore, Archbishop of Canterbury.

13.Belatucadus was also the name of a divinity worshipped by the ancient Britons. A rock situated a little to the north of Belenus still retains the name of Tombalaine or Tombalène, formerlyTumba Beleni. Several strange legends linger about both these rocks. The ancient poem ofBrut, of which a MS. copy is preserved in the archivium of Mount St. Michael, has the story of King Arthur, Sir Launcelot, and Elaine, and makes out the etymology of the northern rock to be Le Tombe (d’)Elaine.

14.These priestesses were in the habit of selling to the seafaring men who came to consult them arrows of pretended virtue in calming tempests, if thrown into the sea, during a storm, by one of the youngest sailors on board. In the ancient Druidic poem calledAr Rannou, orThe Series, where theChildsays, “Sing me the number Nine,” theDruidanswers, “... Nine Korrigan with flowers in their hair, robed in white wool, dancing around the fountain in the light of the full moon.” (See De Villemarqué,Barzaz Breiz, p. 6.) Pomponius Mela designates asGarrigena(evidently Korrigan Latinized) the “nine priestesses or sorceresses of the Armorican Isle of Sein.”

15.Monsieur de la Fruglaye mentions the existence, near to Morlaix, of a vast forest which has been submerged by the ocean. In a black and compact stratum, which is covered for the most part by a fine white sand, he found traces of very ancient and abundant vegetation: whole trees thrown in every direction—yews, oaks, large trunks, and green mosses. Beneath this layer the soil appeared to be that of meadows, with reeds and rushes, etc. Here all the plants were undisturbed and in a vertical position, and the roots of the ferns still had their downy coating. (SeeObservations sur les origines du Mont St. Michel. Maury.)A similar, though gradual, sinking of the coast is going on on the western coast of France and England, also at Alexandria, Venice, Pola, and the coast of Dalmatia, besides other localities.

A similar, though gradual, sinking of the coast is going on on the western coast of France and England, also at Alexandria, Venice, Pola, and the coast of Dalmatia, besides other localities.

16.SeeItinéraire dans le Mont St. Michel, par Edouard Le Héricher.

17.Proceedings at the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Free-Religious Association, held in Boston, May 31 and June 1, 1877. Boston: Published by the Free-Religious Association, 231 Washington Street. 1877.

18.Vide Moehler’sSymbolism.

19.The Impeachment of Christianity, p. 6.

20.Ibid. p. 1.

21.P. 26.

22.P. 23.

23.P. 29.

24.P. 28.

25.Is Romanism Real Christianity?p. 14.

26.P. 22.

27.P. 28.

28.P. 28.

29.P. 29.

30.P. 30.

31.P. 33.

32.P. 34.

33.P. 40.

34.P. 42.

35.The fact of St. James having taken this journey has been generally considered indubitable, although Baronius held it as uncertain. Mariana, in his history, affirms that all written documents were destroyed in Spain, first by the persecution of Diocletian, and afterwards by the Moorish invasion and its attendant wars. The silence of ancient testimony is thus fully explained, and the learned Suarez, writing on the subject, says: “It matters little that the local histories of the time make no mention of this journey of St. James; for, besides that nothing happened in it so extraordinary or notorious that the renown thereof would necessarily spread abroad, Spain had at that period no writers careful to collect the facts of her history, and strangers would not be likely to know anything about it, especially as being of a religious nature, concerning which men would not trouble themselves at all.... If St. Luke had not left in writing the acts of St. Peter and St. Paul, many of their journeyings would be forgotten, or rest only upon such traditions as might be preserved by the churches they founded.”

36.Tome vi.Aprilis.

37.In fest. Sancti Isidori, lect. 2a.

38.See the account as given by John de Beka in theChronicle of Utrecht.

39.Datum Viterbii, XII. Kalend. Junii.

40.We published last month an article on the Indian question, based chiefly on the official reports to and of the Board of Indian Commissioners. We publish this month a second article on the same question by another writer, one who is personally familiar with the matter of which he treats, and whose observations and suggestions on so important a subject cannot fail to command attention.—Ed. C. W.

41.Audax omnia perpeti,Gens humana ruit per vetitum nefas.

41.

Audax omnia perpeti,Gens humana ruit per vetitum nefas.

Audax omnia perpeti,

Gens humana ruit per vetitum nefas.

42.“Gentiles have often said before me that Mormonism is as good as any other religion, and that Mr. Joseph Smith ‘had as good a right to establish a church as Luther, Calvin, Fox, Wesley, or even bluff King Hal’” (The City of the Saints, by Richard F. Burton).

43.It was one of Mr. Finney’s doctrines that whenever we pray with sufficient faith, God, so to speak, is bound not only to answer the prayer, but to give us the precise thing we ask for; in other words, that we know better than God what is good for us. “There are men and women still alive and among us,” says Dr. Spring, “who remember the circumstances of the death of Mrs. Pierson, around whose lifeless body her husband assembled a company ofbelievers, with the assurance that if they prayed in faith she would be restored to life. Their feelings were greatly excited, their impressions of their success peculiar and strong. They prayed, and prayed again, and prayedin faith. But they were disappointed. There was none to answer, neither was there any that regarded.” The italics are Dr. Spring’s.

44.Remarkable Visions.By Orson Pratt, one of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Liverpool, 1848.

45.Mormon books contain representations of six plates of brass, inscribed with unknown figures, which are said to have been dug out of a mound in Pike County, Illinois, in 1843. Like those which Moroni is supposed to have revealed to Joseph Smith they are described as bell-shaped and fastened together by a ring. But the evidence that any such plates were ever found is not satisfactory, and the characters on the published pictures of them bear little or no resemblance to those which Joseph Smith presented to the world as a fac-simile of a part of the Book of Mormon.

46.Many suppose that Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrum fabricated plates of some basemetal and imposed them upon their credulous followers. But if they had gone to the trouble of doing this it is probable that they would have shown them to a number of people, and not confined the exhibition to a handful of their immediate associates. The mere fact that evidence as to the existence of any plates at all is so defective seems to us conclusive that there were none—not even forged ones.

47.“Revelation given to Joseph Smith, Jr., May, 1829, informing him of the alteration of the manuscript of the fore part of the Book of Mormon.”—Covenants and Commandments, sec. xxxvi.

48.Five thousand copies were printed, yet the first edition is excessively rare. The later editions differ a little from the original. The “third European edition,” which is now before us, was published at Liverpool in 1852.

49.Oliver Cowdery was expelled from the church some years later for “lying, counterfeiting, and immorality,” and died a miserable drunkard. Sidney Rigdon attempted to rule the church by revelation after the death of Joseph Smith, and, being “cut off” at the demand of Brigham Young, led away a small sect of seceders. Parley P. Pratt, having induced a married woman to become his polygamous wife, was killed by the outraged husband. Orson Pratt is still living, and one of the ablest of the Mormon leaders.

50.Although these lectures bear Smith’s name, it is understood that they were really written by Sidney Rigdon.

51.Autobiography of Joseph Smith, quoted by Stenhouse.

52.This is quoted by Capt. Burton, but he does not give his authority.

53.About the time of the invention of Mormonism Robert Owen’s communistic propaganda was making an extraordinary sensation in America. In his “Declaration of Mental Independence” at New Harmony, July 4, 1826, Owen declared that man had up to that hour been the slave of “a trinity of monstrous evils”—Irrational Religion, Property, and Marriage.

54.In the “Revelation on Celestial Marriage” Joseph Smith is styled “him who is anointed both as well for time and for all eternity; and that, too, most holy,” and it is added: “I have appointed unto my servant Joseph to hold this power in the last days, and there is never but one on the earth at a time on whom this power and the keys of this priesthood are conferred.” Hence a government by the quorum of apostles, in the Mormon idea, can never be anything but an interregnum. They believe that Heaven will not fail to send them a “prophet, seer, and revelator,” and, as Brigham succeeded Joseph, so they look for some one in the appointed time to succeed Brigham.Uno avulso, non deficit alter.

55.To avoid unpleasantness, the “Legislature of Deseret” annually re-enactsen blocthe laws of the territorial legislature of Utah.

56.The Mormon Prophet.By Mrs. C. V. Waite. Cambridge. 1866.

57.Address by Brigham Young in the Salt Lake City Tabernacle. April 9, 1852, four months before the publication of Joseph’s “Revelation.”

58.“You believe that Adam was made of the dust of this earth. This I do not believe. I never did and I never want to, because I have come to understanding and banished from my mind all the baby stories my mother taught me when I was a child” (Sermon by Brigham Young, Oct. 23, 1853).

59.Joseph Smith professed to get this version by inspiration.

60.They made it over to him as trustee, retaining, however, the use of it. Thus an additional tie was made to keep them true to the faith. Brigham could at any time take away all that they possessed, and if they left the Territory they would have to go penniless.

61.See the whole passage in thePopular Science Monthlyfor November, 1872.

62.The site of the fort in New York attacked by Champlain in 1615 has only recently been determined, although a number of leading historians have been discussing it for some years.

63.A foot or more of soft black soil (humus) on the bottom of the cellar refuted the suspicion entertained by some that this excavation was of more recent origin than the ancient buildings.

64.Indians, some of whom are no mean anatomists, have since pronounced one of them to be part of avertebrain all probability human.

65.Even at this day our pagan Ojibwas make such a use of human bones. They either carry them in their “medicine bags” as “manitous” or grind them to powder, which they apply especially to their puncturing instruments. In diseases of the head the powder of the skull is used; in the case of a sore leg, that of thetibiaorfemur, etc.

66.Short Studies on Great Subjects.By James Anthony Froude, M.A. New York: Scribner, Armstrong & Co. 1877.

67.Alexandre de Saint-Cheron. Introduction to Harber’s translation of Ranke’sHistory of the Papacy. Second edition. Paris. 1848.

68.Prince Bismarck.

69.North American Review, Sept.-Oct., 1877, art. on “Perpetual Forces.”

70.The word “royal” has so degenerated in these days that we feel no scruple in applying it to Victor Emanuel.

71.Froude’sHistory of England, vol. ii. p. 447. Scribner & Co. 1870.

72.St. Louis and Calvin, p. 149. Macmillan & Co.

73.“Let them not come forthTill the ninth ripening year mature their worth.”—Horat.Ars Poet., 388, Francis’ trans.

73.

“Let them not come forthTill the ninth ripening year mature their worth.”—Horat.Ars Poet., 388, Francis’ trans.

“Let them not come forth

Till the ninth ripening year mature their worth.”

—Horat.Ars Poet., 388, Francis’ trans.

74.“Than if far Cadiz, Libya’s plain,And either Carthage owned your sway.”—Horat.Carm.ii. 2.En passant, it may be said that this stanza, which begins“Latius regnes, avidum domandoSpiritum quam si,” etc.,furnishes a curious parallel to the words of Holy Writ, Prov. xvi. 32: “He that ruleth his spirit [is better] than he that taketh cities.” It is far from being the only passage in Horace which in spirit, if not in letter, suggests the inspired writers so strongly as to tempt one to believe that he must have had some acquaintance with them. Cf. Virgil’sPollio.

74.

“Than if far Cadiz, Libya’s plain,And either Carthage owned your sway.”—Horat.Carm.ii. 2.

“Than if far Cadiz, Libya’s plain,

And either Carthage owned your sway.”

—Horat.Carm.ii. 2.

En passant, it may be said that this stanza, which begins

“Latius regnes, avidum domandoSpiritum quam si,” etc.,

“Latius regnes, avidum domando

Spiritum quam si,” etc.,

furnishes a curious parallel to the words of Holy Writ, Prov. xvi. 32: “He that ruleth his spirit [is better] than he that taketh cities.” It is far from being the only passage in Horace which in spirit, if not in letter, suggests the inspired writers so strongly as to tempt one to believe that he must have had some acquaintance with them. Cf. Virgil’sPollio.

75.Byron, however, if we are to take literally the well-known lines inChilde Harold, can scarcely rank with true lovers of our Horace:“Then farewell, Horace, whom I hated so,Not for thy faults, but mine; it is a curseTo understand, notfeel, thy lyric flow,To comprehend but never love thy verse.”

75.Byron, however, if we are to take literally the well-known lines inChilde Harold, can scarcely rank with true lovers of our Horace:

“Then farewell, Horace, whom I hated so,Not for thy faults, but mine; it is a curseTo understand, notfeel, thy lyric flow,To comprehend but never love thy verse.”

“Then farewell, Horace, whom I hated so,

Not for thy faults, but mine; it is a curse

To understand, notfeel, thy lyric flow,

To comprehend but never love thy verse.”

76.“Why is alljourneyman-workof literature, as I may call it, so much worse done here than it is in France?... Think of the difference between the translations of the classics turned out for Mr. Bohn’s library and those turned out for M. Nisard’s collection!”—M. Arnold,Essays in Criticism, Am. ed., p. 51.

77.“I can understand that we must not make form everything in poetry. But why, in dealing with an art, we should take no account of thetechniqueof that art, should make light of those who excel in itstechnique, I do not understand at all.”

78.“With a mind undisturbed take life’s good and life’s evil,Temper grief from despair, temper joy from vain-glory;For, through each mortal change, equal mind,O my Dellius, befits mortal born.”—Horat.Carm.ii. 3, Lord Lytton’s trans.

78.

“With a mind undisturbed take life’s good and life’s evil,Temper grief from despair, temper joy from vain-glory;For, through each mortal change, equal mind,O my Dellius, befits mortal born.”—Horat.Carm.ii. 3, Lord Lytton’s trans.

“With a mind undisturbed take life’s good and life’s evil,Temper grief from despair, temper joy from vain-glory;For, through each mortal change, equal mind,O my Dellius, befits mortal born.”

“With a mind undisturbed take life’s good and life’s evil,

Temper grief from despair, temper joy from vain-glory;

For, through each mortal change, equal mind,

O my Dellius, befits mortal born.”

—Horat.Carm.ii. 3, Lord Lytton’s trans.

79.“Fell Care climbs brazen galley’s sides;Nor troops of horse can flyHer foot, which than the stag’s is swifter—ay,Swifter than Eurus when he madly ridesThe clouds along the sky.”—Carm.ii. 16, Martin’s translation.

79.

“Fell Care climbs brazen galley’s sides;Nor troops of horse can flyHer foot, which than the stag’s is swifter—ay,Swifter than Eurus when he madly ridesThe clouds along the sky.”—Carm.ii. 16, Martin’s translation.

“Fell Care climbs brazen galley’s sides;Nor troops of horse can flyHer foot, which than the stag’s is swifter—ay,Swifter than Eurus when he madly ridesThe clouds along the sky.”

“Fell Care climbs brazen galley’s sides;

Nor troops of horse can fly

Her foot, which than the stag’s is swifter—ay,

Swifter than Eurus when he madly rides

The clouds along the sky.”

—Carm.ii. 16, Martin’s translation.

80.We do not here forget such songs as Shakspeare’s “Come away, come away, Death,” or Ben Jonson’s “See the chariot at hand here of Love,” or the anapests and dactyls in the madrigals. But we think it cannot be gainsaid that the general tendency of the earlier poets was to simple rhythms, and that the intricate arrangements of rhyme and novelties of metre in which modern poets delight were little known to them, or, if known, little relished.

81.“Fled are the snows; and the green, reappearing,Shoots in the meadow and shines on the tree.”

81.

“Fled are the snows; and the green, reappearing,Shoots in the meadow and shines on the tree.”

“Fled are the snows; and the green, reappearing,

Shoots in the meadow and shines on the tree.”

82.Note by the author of the article.—The import of this needs some further explanation. Since the body is full of various and contrary physical forces, these must come either from the soul as the active principle giving themateriaof the body its first being, or from the elements which are the chemical components of the blood, bones, and other integral parts of the body. The soul cannot furnish them, because it does not possess them. Therefore the elements remain, and the material substance remains, and they are not divested of their substantial formality.

83.Viz., that the modern theory destroys the unity of substances, and particularly the unity of the human nature or substance.—Author of the article.

84.Cant. iv. 7.

85.Ex. xvi. 33; Heb. ix. 4.

86.SeeThe Catholic World, July, 1877, “The European Exodus.”

87.Among the Catholic colleges whose teaching staff is wholly or mainly German, and whose students are largely of German birth, we may mention the Redemptorist Convent and House of Studies at Ilchester, Maryland, which has a staff of 11 learned professors; St. Charles Borromeo’s Seminary of the Congregation of the Precious Blood, Carthagena, Ohio; St. Joseph’s College, Cincinnati, conducted by the Brothers of the Holy Cross; Seminary of St. Francis of Sales, Milwaukee; College of St. Laurence of Brundusium, Calvary, Ohio, conducted by the Capuchin Fathers; St. Vincent’s Abbey of the Order of St. Benedict, Beatty’s Station, Pennsylvania, with a staff of 25 professors; St. Francis’ Monastery, Loretto, Pennsylvania; St. Francis Solanus’ Convent of the Franciscan Fathers, Quincy, Illinois; St. Joseph’s College, conducted by the Franciscan Fathers, at Teutopolis, Illinois; Franciscan College, Allegany, New York; St. Ignatius’ College, Buffalo; Franciscan Collegiate Institute, Cleveland; Gymnasium of the Franciscan Fathers at Cincinnati; St. Joseph’s College, Rohnerville, California, under the direction of the Priests of the Precious Blood; and St. John’s College, conducted by the Benedictines, at St. Joseph, Minnesota. We may add in this place that thirteen of our sixty-eight American prelates are of German birth or descent.

88.SeeThe Catholic World, August, 1877, “Colonization and Future Emigration.”

89.By Carlyle.—Ed.C. W.

90.The Beginnings of Christianity.With a View of the State of the Roman World at the Birth of Christ. By George P. Fisher, D.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History in Yale College, etc. New York: Scribner, Armstrong & Co. 1877.

91.Mr. Leeser, a late eminent Jewish scholar and minister of a synagogue in Philadelphia, translated the original text of Gen. i. 11: “The Spirit of Godwas wavingover the face of the waters.”

92.Wisdom i. 14, 15.

93.P. 5.

94.Pp. 393–395.

95.Pp. 464, 465.

96.We should prefer to say contrived by the human intelligence, constructed and directed by the human will.

97.P. 465.

98.P. 66.

99.Pp. 137–139.

100.P. 140.

101.P. 42.

102.Short Studies on Great Subjects.By James Anthony Froude, M.A. New York: Scribner, Armstrong & Co. 1877.

103.We cannot, in the space of an article of this kind, give chapter and verse for every statement we may make. Limits forbid this. In saying that incoherency and inconsistency mark the Protestant tradition throughout, we are aware that we make a very large and very grave assertion. To those who feel inclined to doubt its truth we would recommend as the readiest and fullest confirmation of it the very able series of articles on the Protestant tradition which appeared last year in the LondonTablet—a series that, enlarged and carried further, we should like to see published in book-form.

104.Mr. Froude probably means the children of Catholic parents, who were encouraged by the state to apostatize, and thereby enter into the possession of their family estates; as otherwise there was no legal possibility of a Protestant being injured by a Catholic.

105.The English in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century. By James Anthony Froude, M.A. Vol. I. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1872.

106.Herein is plainly confirmed the view we took of Mr. Froude’s theory of might and right in our last article, “Mr. Froude on the Revival of Romanism,” Dec., 1877.

107.The Great Hall at Westminster, so called from William Rufus, who built it (1097) for a banqueting-hall—and kept his word.

108.See, for the true character of this much-maligned and really lamb-like sovereign, Froude’sHistory of England. Yet—so harsh is the judgment of men—it is this very prince of whose robber—we should say resumption of the church lands the Protestant antiquary, Sir Henry Spelman, writes: “God’s blessing, it seemeth, was not on it; for within four years after he had received all this, and had ruined and sacked three hundred and seventy-six of the monasteries, and brought their substance to his treasury, ... he was drawn so dry that Parliament was constrained to supply his wants with the residue of all the monasteries of the kingdom, great ones and illustrious, ... by reason whereof the service of God was not only grievously wounded and bleedeth at this day, but infinite works of charity were utterly cut off and extinguished.”

109.Riding the wild mare—i.e., playing at see-saw. The kneeling of the ox refers to an old English superstition that at midnight on Christmas Eve the oxen would be found kneeling in their stalls.

110.A peculiar peal of bells rung at Christmas-tide on the church-bells in Languedoc—doubtless, likeNoel, fromnatalis.

111.Du Darwinisme: ou l’homme singe. Paris, 1877, page 170.

112.On the Intrusion of certain Professors of Physical Science into the Region of Faith and Morals: An address delivered to the members of the Manchester Academia of the Catholic Religion by J. Stores Smith, Esq.

113.Manuel d’une Corporation Chrétienne, par Léon Harmel. Tours, Marne, Paris: au Secrétariat de l’œuvre des Cercles Catholiques d’Ouvriers, 10 Rue du Bac. 1877.

114.1 Tim. iii. 7.

115.Cyprian, Epist. lxvii.

116.Celestine, Epist. ii. 5.

117.De Clericis, lib. i, cap. vi.

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