courts for the recovery of debts,75;injustice of the City Courts of Requests,75-77;a prisoner for a penny,77;condition of debtors in the King’s Bench Prison,78-80;in the Fleet,80-82;in the Marshalsea,82-84;in the Compters of Ludgate, Giltspur Street, and the Borough,84,85;state of, in Newgate,85;garnish and other extortionate fees exacted from,85-87;wretched condition of, for food, bedding, and fire,88,89;uncleanness and overcrowding amongst,89;how order was preserved,90;White Cross Street Prison is erected to relieve Newgate,91.Decapitation, the punishment of, i. 255.Defoein the pillory, i. 237.Dennis, John, the hangman, heads the Lord George Gordon rioters, i. 467.Diamonds, robbery of, in 1834, ii.322-325;by a sea captain,347;by the Tarpeys,465.Dignities, punishment for speaking evil of, i. 110.Dignum, David James, his career as swindler, ii.41.Dissection, bodies of murderers given for, ii.265,266;abolition of the practice,265,266.Dodd, Dr., career of, ii.12;forges a bond for £4200, 14;extraordinary efforts made to save him,15;Lord Mansfield’s opposition,16n.;his execution,17.Drunkenness, prevalence of, a great cause of crime, i. 331.Drury, Sir Robert, Lord Mayor, i. 58.‘Dryad,’ case of the wilful shipwreck of the, for the heavy insurance, ii.338-341.Dublin“engine of death,” or gallows, description of, ii.235.Dundonald, Lord, sentenced to the pillory, i. 239.Duval, Claude, the highwayman, account of, i. 175-177.Edmonson, Mary, story of the execution of, ii.121-124.Edmunds, Christina, the poisoner, ii.471.Edward I., great penal statute of, i. 27.Edward IV., his great charter to the citizens of old London, i. 44.Edward VI., nature of the prisoners in his reign, i. 86-89.Edwards, conviction of, for attempt to rob Mr. Gee, a solicitor, ii.314-317.Edwards, the informer in the Cato Street conspiracy, ii.282.Egremond, Lord, in Newgate, i. 26.Elder, a horse-dealer, assists in defrauding the Bank of England, ii.343-345.Elizabeth, Queen, religious and political prisoners in her reign, i. 89-92.Ellwood, Mr., his description of Jack Ketch’s kitchen, Newgate, i. 155n.ElyGaol, barbarous mode of securing prisoners in, i. 429.“England, Young,” account of the imaginary association so called, ii.287-289.Erskine. Mr., defends Lord George Gordon, i. 475.Escapesfrom Newgate, i. 286-316;early instances of,288-293;methods of,290,et seq.;Sir Nicholas Poyntz’s,290;Edward Lunsford’s,290,291;Jack Sheppard’s,294-300;Daniel Malden’s,301-308;George Flint’s,308;attempt of Scott, a highwayman,309;Jacobite escapes,309,et seq.;attempt of Mr. Barlow of Burton Hall,309;Mr. Forster’s,311;Brigadier Macintosh’s and others,312;George Budden’s,313;Mr. Ratcliffe’s,314-316;attempt of C. T. White,339;of John Williams,400;daring and successful escape of H. Williams,401-404;various successful and unsuccessful attempts at,404-409;last attempt at,409.“EvilMay-day” rising of the City prentices against foreign workmen, i. 64-67.Exchequer, frauds on the, ii.62-64;by Mr. A. Davidson,62;and Mr. V. Jones,63.Exchequerbills, altering and counterfeiting of, i. 348.Executioners, list of early, i. 278;their bungling performances,279. SeeHangmen.Executions, early public, i. 10-12;first at Tyburn,10;then at Newgate,12.‘Executions, The History of,’ i. 321.Executions, i. 231-285;early forms of punishment,232,et seq.;branding,232;mutilation,233;the pillory,235-240;the stocks,240;the cucking-stool,242;the branks,245;whipping,245;variety of capital punishments,247,et seq.;the doom of Damiens,248;and of Ravaillac,249;drowning,250;pressing to death,250;decapitation,255;strangulation,256;places of execution in London,256;Tower Hill,257;Smithfield,257;Tyburn,258;account of the execution of Colonel Turner in Leadenhall Street,260-263;Pepys’ account of,261;the crowds that attended these exhibitions,264,et seq.;execution of the murderers of Mr. Thynne in Pall Mall,264;George Selwyn’s craving for,265;scenes on execution day,267,et seq.;brutal treatment of the condemned by the mob,268;scene at Jack Sheppard’s execution,268;demeanour of the doomed after sentence,269,et seq.;examples of this—Paul Lewis,269;John Rann (Sixteen String Jack), 269;Dick Turpin,270;Nathaniel Parkhurst,270;Jerry Abershaw,270;Hannah Dagoe,270;drink and tobacco given to the condemned on their way to the gallows,271;behaviour of Lord Ferrers,272;and John Ayliffe,272;disregard of the condemned for religious consolation,273;duties and privileges of the ordinary,273,et seq.;Dow’s bequest for tolling a bell by St. Sepulchre’s for the condemned on their way to execution,275;and addressing an admonition to them,276;executioners and their office,277;bungling performances of,279;instances of resuscitation,279-282;the place of execution changed from Tyburn to Newgate,282-285;all executions not at first at Newgate,232;one at Charlotte Street, Rathbone Place,232;one at Hatton Garden,232;three at Execution Dock, on the Thames,233;the Old Bailey gradually monopolizes the dread business,233;first executions there,233,234;description of the new gallows,234,235;the Dublin “engine of death,” 235, 236;Phœbe Harris (last instance) burned to death,236,237;the change of the place of execution works no improvement in the conduct of the mob,237;scene at the execution, and last moments of Governor Wall,238-241;execution of Holloway and Haggerty,241;shocking catastrophe and loss of life at,242,243;of Bellingham,244;of Fauntleroy,245;and of Courvoisier,245;scenes at,245;description of an execution,246-249;treatment of the condemned after sentence and up to execution,249,et seq.;Gibbon Wakefield on the treatment of the condemned,252-254;the Recorder’s report,252;the ordinary censured for the condemned sermon before Fauntleroy,254;Gibbon Wakefield’s account of the Sunday service when the condemned sermon was preached,255-260;his description of another religious service—the formal thanks of the reprieved,260-262;crowded and fashionable congregation to hear Courvoisier’s condemned sermon,262;and dense crowd to see him hanged,263;capital punishment abolished for a number of offences formerly so visited,264;dissection of the bodies of murderers,265,266;abolition of the practice,265,266;exhibition of the bodies of dead criminals,266-268;those of Clench and Mackay,267;that of Williams, the murderer of the Marrs,267;the custom of hanging in chains,268;shocking exhibitions at executions,269;that of Charles White, executed for arson at Newgate,270;Luigi Buranelli,271;and William Bousfield,271;objections to Calcraft’s method of hanging,272;his antecedents and habits,272;expense of obtaining a hangman,273;account of Calcraft and his “short drop” system,411-415;and of Marwood and his “long drop” system,415,416;demoralizing effects of public executions,416,et seq.;scenes at the execution of the ‘Flowery Land’ pirates,417;and at that of Müller,417-419;Parliamentary proceedings for the abolition of public executions,420;legally abolished in 1868, 421;last public execution at Newgate, that of the Fenian, Michael Barrett, for complicity in the Clerkenwell explosion,421;the first private execution was at Maidstone Gaol,429;the first at Newgate—Alex. Mackay, for the murder of his mistress,422;private executions not popular with the Newgate officials,423;demeanour of the condemned,424,et seq.;that of Wainwright,426;of Catherine Wilson,427;of Kate Webster,427;of Marley,427;of Christian Sattler,428;many attempt to destroy themselves,429.Fairs, privilege of holding, granted to the citizens of old London,i. 42-44; Southwark Fair,44.Farnham, Richard, case of, prisoner in Newgate, i. 105.Faro’sdaughters, i. 335, 336.Farrar, Captain, for counterfeiting the king’s seal, case of, i. 191.Fauntleroy, execution of, ii.245;ordinary of Newgate censured for the tone of the condemned sermon preached before him,254;history of his career,294-300;an Italian, named Angelini, offers to be executed in his stead,299.Fells, Mr., keeper of Newgate, charges against, i. 163.Felton, John, execution of, i. 89.Femaledebtors’ side of Newgate, ii.69.Femalefelons’ side, Newgate, ii.72.Females, brutal punishment of, in early times, i. 242-246.Fenn, Rev. Peter, executed for forgery, ii.257.Fernham, Adam, keeper of Newgate in 1373, i. 43n.Ferrers, Lord, execution of, i. 272;his body taken to Surgeons’ Hall for dissection, ii.265.Fieldingon the increase of robberies in London, i. 326;his raid against gamesters,333.FifthMonarchy men in Newgate, i. 195.Finch, Sir Heneage, Attorney-General, i. 58.Firein Newgate, exemplary conduct of the keeper at a, i. 448.Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, i. 72.Fitzgerald, Lord, robbery of his plate-chest, ii.345.FleetPrison, condition of debtors in, ii.80-82.Fletcher, Joshua, transported for forging wills, ii.341-343.Flint, George, his escape from Newgate, i. 308.‘Flowery Land’ pirates, the, executed for piracy and murder, ii.417,444-448.Floyde, Edward, imprisoned for speaking evil of James I.’s daughter, i. 110.Forde, Rev. Brownlow, ordinary of Newgate, notice of, ii.127-130.Foreignworkmen, “Evil May-day” rising of the City prentices against, i. 64-67.Forgery and Forgers—forging by Government officials and others, i. 348-350; ii.6-22, 245, 257, 294-304;a capital crime,6;effects of this on public feeling,6;the Bank of England the most implacable prosecutor of forgers,7;strong feeling against these prosecutions,8;early forgers—Richard Vaughan,Bank of England notes,9;Mr. Gibson, a Chancery deed,9,10;James Bolland, a bill,10;the brothers Perreau, a bond for £7500, 11, 12;Dr. Dodd, a bond for £4200, 12-16;Charles Price,aliasOld Patch, bank-notes,17-21;James Elliot and Joshua Crompton, bank-notes,21,22;Fauntleroy,245;Fenn, Rev. Peter,257;increase in the crime of,294;career of Fauntleroy, banker, bonds, deeds, &c., 294-300;of Captain Montgomery, bank-notes,301;of the Quaker, Joseph Hunton, bills of exchange,302;of Richard Gifford, bank-notes,304;and of Maynard, Custom House warrant,304;the latter the last who suffered death for forgery,304;conflicting legislation on the subject,305;capital punishment for, finally abolished in 1832, 305, 306;passing fraudulent Exchequer bills by Beaumont Smith,338;another clerical forger—Rev. W. Bailey, a promissory note,341;forgery of wills by W. H. Barber, a solicitor, and Joshua Fletcher, a surgeon,341-343;of false certificates, by Robson,382-386;of fictitious stock, by Redpath,386-390;of cheques, &c., by J. T. Saward,395-398;of cheques and bills, by Wagner and Bateman and their confederates,454-456;of Bank of England notes, by Burnett, Buncher, and Griffiths,456-460;of wills, by William Roupell,462-465;of forged acceptances on the Bank of England, by the Bidwells, Macdonell, and Noyes,466-469.Forrest, burning of a friar named, i. 73.Forrester, a detective, his capture of Burgess and of Captain Ker, ii.344,347.Forster, Mr., a Jacobite, in Newgate, i. 211;his escape,214.Foxe, references to, i. 71-92.Fraudsby Government officials, i. 348; ii.321-325.Francis, John, attempts the life of the Queen, ii.289-291.Francis, Mr., executed for murdering Dangerfield, i. 195.Frankland, William, case of, for shooting a magistrate, i. 329.Freeman, Mr., in Newgate, i. 223.Fry, Mrs., her labours in Newgate, i. 18;her first visit, ii.132-134;her second visit, four years later,134;first effects of her labours,137-139;an association formed, work found, and rules drawn up for better regulation of the female prisoners,138-142;marvellous results of her labours,142-146.Gallows, description of the new, first used at the Old Bailey, ii.234,235;and of the Dublin “engine of death,” 235, 236.Gaming, passion for, and effects of, in London in early part of 18th century, i. 332,et seq.;gaming hells and their victims,333-336.Gaol Acts, list of various, ii.149,154,155.Gaol Calendar, i. 317-374.Gaol Fever, i. 424-453;the result of the foul state of the gaols,425,426;condition of the cells,426;often underground,426;hardly any light, air, or water, and neither fireplace nor bed,426,427;meagre supply of wretched food,427;debtors almost starved to death,427;wretched state of prison buildings,428;list of noblemen and bishops who owned private prisons,428n.;state of Chesterfield Gaol, the property of the Duke of Portland,428;and of that of Ely, the property of the bishop,429;overcrowding the cause of gaol fever,433,434;nature and effects of,434,435;earliest mention of,436;and of its ravages,436,437;Newgate, Oxford, King’s Bench Prison,436;seldom mentioned during the 17th century,437;three fatal outbreaks during the first half of the 18th century,437;the first, at Taunton, destroys the Lord Chief Baron, Sir J. Shepherd, J. Piggott, sheriff, and some hundreds besides,437;the second, at Launceston, occasions the death of numbers,438;and the third, at Newgate, sweeps away the Lord Mayor, Sir T. Abney and Baron Clark, the judges, Sir D. Lambert, and forty others,438;the Corporation order an inquiry,439;a new ventilator adopted,440;fatal effects of the working of the ventilator,441;fever still continues,443;Mr. Akerman’s account of its ravages,443;statistics of,443;Howard’s views on the subject,444;condemns the construction of the new (present) prison,445;Dr. Smith reports and condemns the new prison,445,446;humanity, bravery, and presence of mind of the keeper, Mr. Akerman,447-450.Gaolsand gaolers in early times, i. 1-5;in the 13th century,7-12;in 1813, 15-17;mode of appointing, and powers and privileges of the gaoler of Newgate,46;appointments to these offices ultimately made by purchase,47;Whiston’s protest against this abuse,47,48;£3000 recorded as the price once paid forthe office of keeper of Newgate,47;and £5000 for that of the Fleet Prison,47;this is ultimately forbidden by statute,48;poor inmates of, wholly dependent on charity for support,51;epidemics and riots in,53;tortures used in,74;Alexander of Newgate, type of a brutal gaoler,80-84;interior of Newgate in Mary’s time,85;arraignment of gaolers for misconduct,93;case of Crowder of Newgate,94,95;a fanatical gaoler,120;description of the interior of Newgate in 1667, 147-161;two keepers of Newgate brought to book,162,163;extortions practised in,196,200-204, 207-212;deputy keeper of Newgate committed to the Fleet for allowing a prisoner to escape,290;mode of obtaining gaolerships and recouping themselves,431;the extortion of gaol fees,432;in enforcing them the law openly evaded,433.See underPrisons,Philanthropy in Newgate,Gaol Fever, &c.Gardelle, Theodore, murderer, i. 367-370.Gee, Mr., a solicitor, the attempt to rob, ii.314-317.Gentleman Harry, two highwaymen so called, ii.33.Gerard, Colonel, attempted murder of, i. 140;is executed for conspiring to murder Cromwell,141n.Germanprincess, a famous impostor, account of, i. 188-191.Gibson, Mr., executed for forging a Chancery deed, ii.9,10.Gifford, Richard, executed for forging bank-notes, ii.304.Gigger, the, a hall in Newgate, i. 153.Giltspur StreetCompter, opening of the, i. 19.Girlfor sale, offering a, ii.50.GloucesterPenitentiary, one of the first improved prisons in England, ii. 109 andn.Gold-dust, clever robbery of, in 1839, ii.325,326.Gordon, Lord George, i. 445n.;his birth and profession,463andn.;heads the Protestant Association against the Catholics,464;attends a gathering in St. George’s Fields,464;and heads a monster procession to present a petition at St. Stephen’s,464;is arrested and committed to the Tower,474;his trial,474,475;declared not guilty,476;publishes a pamphlet on the condition of the prisoners in Newgate,476;for which he is indicted at the King’s Bench,477;conducts his own defence,477-479;found guilty,479;before sentence the court considers another libel,479-482;fined and imprisoned in Newgate,482;where he dies of gaol fever in 1793, 482.Gordon, the Lord George, riots, i. 15;origin of,463;the mob proceed to Newgate,465;threaten the governor,465;attack the prison and fire the gates,466,467;headed by the hangman, John Dennis,467;they rush into the gaol and release the prisoners,468-470;Crabbe’s account of the attack,470-472;nearly 500 persons killed and wounded, and fifty-nine rioters executed,473.Gow, Captain, a pirate, career of, i. 420-422.Grieve, Harriet, her career as swindler, ii.40.Griffiths, forger of bank-notes, ii.456-460.Guest, William, executed for clipping, ii.22-24.GuildfordPrison, state of, ii.157.Guillotine, the, i. 255, 256.Habeas Corpus Act, proof of how much it was needed, i. 106.Hackman, Rev. James, executed for murder, i. 378-383;his testimony to the humane conduct of the keeper, Mr. Akerman,450.Haggerty, execution of, for murder, ii.241.Hakford, John de, punishment of, for false swearing, i. 35.Halifaxlaw, nature of, i. 256.Hall, Justice, a Jacobite, in Newgate, i. 220.HallWard, the, in Newgate, i. 150.Hanging, instances of resuscitation after, i. 279-282.Hangman, dialogue between the, and two other officials, i. 207.Hangmenand their office, i. 277;list of early—Derreck, Bull, Gregory Brandon, young Brandon, Squire Dun, Jack Ketch, Roose, Price, and Dennis,278;instances of their bungling,279; ii.269-271;objections to Calcraft’s method of hanging,272;