the Lord George Gordon riots,463;the mob proceed to Newgate,465;threaten the governor,465;attack the prison, and fire the gates,466,467;they are headed by the hangman, John Dennis,467;they rush into the gaol and release the prisoners,468-470;Crabbe’s account of the attack,470-472;some of the releasedprisoners voluntarily return,473;others are recaptured,473;keys of, found in St. James’s Square,483;£10,000 voted by Parliament for repairing damage done by the rioters,483;state of crime at the opening of the new gaol, ii.2-4;forgers in,6-22;clippers and coiners in,22-27;street robbers and pickpockets,31-36;swindlers and sharpers,38-44;juvenile criminals,44-50;victims of the Press laws,54-62;Government officials,62-64;the Marquis of Sligo in,64.Newgate down to 1818, ii.66-230;still overcrowded,67;statistics as to the number of prisoners in, at given times,67;description of the interior as it was occupied in 1810, 68;the male debtors’ side,68;the female debtors’ side,69;the chapel yard,69;the middle yard,70;the master felons’ side,70;the state side,71;the press yard,71;the female felons’ side,72;sanitary and other conveniences,73;description of the debtors’ side and of their daily life there,68-91;of the criminal side,92,et seq.;classification of inmates,92-94;contaminating influences of indiscriminate association,94-96;mock trials in,96,97;cost and privileges of the master’s side,98;and of the state side,99-101;lunatics in,99andn.;the female felons’ wards,101;the new press yard the receptacle for male condemned prisoners,101;number, treatment, and accommodation of the condemned,101-104;ill-treatment of prisoners in,104-106;visitors to Newgate searched,106n.;“bad money,” explanation of the phrase,107;indiscriminate admission leads to frightful consequences,106-108;the Corporation make inquiries regarding improvements in,109;and propose certain stringent reforms in,110-113;absence of any religious or moral instruction in,114;and indifference of the ordinaries generally,115;philanthropic labours of outsiders on behalf of the prisoners in,116-126;specimen of a Newgate ordinary,127-130;efforts of the Philanthropic Society and other institutions on behalf of the prisoners in,130-132;Mrs. Fry’s labours amongst the female prisoners in,132-142;and its wonderful results,142-146;improvements introduced into,162;visits of the prison inspectors to, and their report on,191;general condition of,191-196;the power and tyranny of the wardsmen,196-198;incompetency of the governor, Mr. Cope,199;a nursery of crime,201;literature of,202;drinking, feasting, and fighting in,204-207;indiscriminate admission of visitors,208;abuses on the female side,208-212;labours of the Ladies’ Association,211;condition of the condemned,213-215;indiscriminate association and brutal callousness of,215;Newgate tokens and their value in the eyes of the criminal classes,215andn.;lunatics in,217-219;abuses of the state side revived,220,221;utter lack of discipline in,221-224;severity of the inspectors’ remarks on the state of,224,225;some improvements introduced,225-227;inspectors still complain,227-230;becomes the place of public execution,233;first executions,233;description of the new gallows at,234;Phœbe Harris burned to death at,236;scene at the execution of Governor Wall,238-241;shocking catastrophe and loss of life at the execution of Holloway and Haggerty,241;executions of Bellingham,244;Fauntleroy,245;and Courvoisier at,245;scenes at, and description of anexecution at,245-249;treatment of the condemned after sentence and up to execution, in,249-252;account of the Sunday service in, when the condemned sermon was preached,255-260;and of another religious service, the formal thanks of the reprieved,260-262;crowded and fashionable congregation at, to hear Courvoisier’s condemned sermon,262;and dense crowd at his execution,263;shocking exhibitions at executions at,269-272.Newgate Notorieties, ii.274-473;the Cato Street conspirators in, and their execution in front of it,278-284;criminals in, for attempts on the life of the sovereign,284-293;for forgery,294-304;for abduction,306-311;for robbery,312-317;Ikey Solomons, a notorious receiver, in,317-321;for bullion robberies,321-325;for diamond robberies,322-325;for that of gold-dust,325-327;murderers in—Thurtell, Hunt, and Probert,328;Bishop and Williams,330-333;Greenacre,333-336;the Wallaces for wilful shipwreck,338-341;forgers—Rev. W. Bailey, LL.D., 341;W. H. Barber and Joshua Fletcher,341-343;Burgess, a clerk in the Bank of England, for defrauding it of £8000, 343-345;Howse, for robbing his master’s plate-chest,345;Ker, for robbing diamonds,347;murderers—Courvoisier,348-353;Daniel Good,354-356;Hocker,356-359;the Mannings,359-367;Robert Marley,367-369;Cannon, for a murderous attack on a constable,370;Mobbs, for murder,371;and E. Barthelemy for murder,371;perpetrators of gigantic frauds—W. Watts,371-375;commits suicide in,375;R. F. Pries,376;J. W. Cole, Maltby and Co., and Davidson and Co., 377-379;Messrs. Strahan, Paul, and Bates,379-382;Robson,382-386;L. Redpath,386-390;the perpetrators of the great gold robbery on the South-Eastern Railway,386-390;J. T. Saward, the forger, and his confederates,395-398;various successful and unsuccessful attempts at escape from,339-409;suicides in,409,410;demeanour of condemned murderers in,424-429;poisoners in,431-443;pirates and murderers,444-453;of forgers,454-469;the ‘Lennie’ mutineers,472;a few lesser celebrities,473.Newgate Reformed, ii.475-503;movement for prison reform,475;Pentonville ‘model’ prison built,476;the reform movement extends to the provinces,477;cost of prison erection,478;views as to prison discipline—silenceversusseparation,478-480;difference of treatment in different prisons,481;Mr. Pearson’s committee on uniformity of discipline,482;his system explained,483;attention again attracted to Newgate,485;old evils still prevalent,486;minor improvements introduced,487;Lord John Russell’s suggestion as to the reconstruction of Newgate,488;new City prison erected at Holloway,491;Newgate rebuilt internally,492;last inquiry into the condition of prisons by the Lords Committee in 1863, 493;diversity of treatment still the rule,494;the question of beds,495;objectionable condition of the minor borough prisons,495-497;provisions of the Prisons Act of 1865, 497-500;penalties of the Act against local authorities seldom enforced,501;the Bill of 1877 transfers the prisons to the Government, and Newgate is closed,502.NewgateCalendars, i. 317;their editors and publishers,318;compiled from sessions papers,319;demand for, caused by prevalence of crime,321.Nicholson, Margaret, attempts the life of George III., ii.284.“Night-walkers,” laws and ordinances against, in old London, i. 28, 29.Noblemen, list of, who owned prisons, i. 428n.Norton, William, captures a highwayman, i. 411.Noyes, forger of acceptances, ii.466-469.Oates, Titus, the informer, account of, i. 192-194.Ogle, Captain, burned to death in Newgate, i. 459.Ogle, Lady, i. 182, 187.Old Baileybecomes the place of public execution, i. 283.Oneby, Major, case of, for murder, i. 340-344.Ordinaryof Newgate, duties and privileges of the, i. 273,et seq.;general indifference of ordinaries to the welfare of the prisoners, ii.115;specimen of an,127-130.Orford, Lord, and the suppression of piracy, i. 417-420.Overton, Richard, petition for the release of, from Newgate, i. 133.Oxford, attempts the life of the Queen, ii.285-289.Oxford, outbreak of gaol fever at, i. 436;the Black Assize at,436.Page, William, highwayman, i. 403.Paine, Tom, imprisoned for his rationalistic writings, ii.56.Paleoti, the Marquis de, case of, for murdering his servant, i. 344.Pall Mall, execution of the murderers of Mr. Thynne in, i. 264.Palm, Charles, execution of, ii.233.Palmer, trial of, for poisoning Cook, ii.432-439.Pantaleon Sa, Don, in Newgate for murder, i. 149.Parkhurst, Nathaniel, execution of, i. 270.Parsons, William, highwayman, i. 407-410.Patch, Old. SeePrice, Charles.Pate, Lieut., attempts the life of the Queen, ii.292,293.Paul, Parson, a Jacobite, in Newgate, his execution, i. 220 andn.Pearson, Mr., his committee on prison management, ii.482.Peel, Mr., on small local prisons, ii.177;his Bill for the abolition of capital punishment for forgery,305.Peers, prosecutions for libels on, ii.60,61.Pemberton, Lord Chief Justice, i. 186.Penalcode, effects of a ruthless, ii.2-6.Penedo, cruel punishment of, in the pillory, i. 235.Pennin Newgate, i. 198.Pentonvillemodel prison erected, ii.476.Pepys’account of Colonel Turner’s execution, i. 261.Percie, Sir T., in Newgate, i. 26.Perreau, the brothers, executed for forging a bond, ii.11,12.Petty, Sir William, resuscitates a woman who had been hanged, i. 280.Pettytreason, the crime of, and punishment for, i. 353n.;victims of,354.PetworthPrison, one of the first improved prisons in England, ii. 109 andn.PhilanthropicSociety, the, effort of, on behalf of the prisoners in Newgate, ii.130,131.Philanthropy in Newgate, ii.114-146;absence of any religious or moral instructions in,114;indifference of the ordinaries generally,115;interview of the chaplain, Mr. Smith, with one of the condemned,115;efforts of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge on behalf of the prisoners,116;labours of Silas Told,117;his story of John Lancaster and his conversion,118,119;he meets withopposition from the ordinary and the turnkeys,120;but is not to be repressed,121;his account of the execution of Mary Edmonson,121-124;and of the amateur highwaymen,124-126;he visits Mrs. Brownrigg,126;visits of Alexander Cruden,126;mode in which an ordinary (Rev. Brownlow Forde, LL.D.) discharged his duties,127;disorderly conduct at the services,128;Dr. Forde’s opinion of the self-denying labours of others,129;the doctor more in his element in the chair at a “free-and-easy,” 130;efforts of the Philanthropic Society and other institutions,130,131;and of Mr. Cotton, the new ordinary,131,132;Mrs. Fry’s first visit,132;condition of the female prisoners,133;extract from her diary on the subject,134;her second visit, four years later,134;condition of the female inmates then,135;barbarous treatment to which they were subjected,136,137;first effects of Mrs. Fry’s labours,137-139;formation of an association for the improvement of the female prisoners,138;a matron appointed,139;work found and new rules drawn up for the regulation of the female prisoners,140-142;marvellous results,142-144;the great crowd to Newgate to see the change,145;influence of the Ladies’ Association on prison reform generally,146.Phillips, Thomas, pressed to death, i. 253.Philpot, Master, persecution of, i. 81,et seq.Picard, Henry, Lord Mayor, entertains four sovereigns, i. 42.Piepowder, privilege of holding courts of, granted to the City, i. 42;confirmed by Edward IV., 44.Pierce, the designer of the gold robbery on the South-Eastern Railway, ii.391-395.Pillory, use of, in old London, i. 30,et seq.;foresworn jurors and ringleaders of false inquests consigned to the,63;Oates in the,193;the punishment of the,235;distinguished victims of the,237-239;finally abolished in 1837, 239.Piratesand piracy, prevalence of, and mischief done by, i. 415, 416;one (Captain Roberts) took 400 sail,416;expedition fitted out to capture and suppress,417;disastrous result of,417-419;Captain Kidd and his career,417-420;career of Captain Gow,420-422;the treatment of the crews of captured ships by,422;the case of Captain Massey, tried and executed for involuntary piracy,423;the ‘Flowery Land’ pirates, ii.417;the ‘Lennie’ mutineers,472.Pitt, Mr., governor of Newgate, i. 202, 209;attached on a charge of high treason,214;is tried, acquitted, and restored,221;again unfortunate,221.Plague, punishment for careless dealing with, i. 113.Plunkett, Mr., executed for murder, i. 376.Poisoningand poisoners, ii. 431,et seq.;early instances of,431;trial of Palmer for poisoning Cook,432-439;of Dr. Smethurst for poisoning Miss Bankes,439-441;of Catherine Wilson for wholesale poisoning,441-443;of Christina Edmunds for the wife of a man for whom she had conceived a guilty passion,471;the cases of Bravo, Lamson, and Kate Dover,472.Poisoningpunished by burning alive, i. 62, 63.Pope, Mr., police officer, captures a highwayman, i. 410.Porter, John, imprisoned by Bonner for reading the Bible in St. Paul’s, i. 74-76.Powell, Edward, a rioter, case of, i. 117.Poyntz, Sir Nicholas, his escape from Newgate, i. 290.Prayer-bookspecially bequeathed to Newgate, i. 56.Pressingto death, the punishment of, i. 38, 250.Presslaws, severity of the, at the beginning of the 18th century, ii.54,55;case of Lawrence Howell for denouncing George I. as a usurper,55;of Nathaniel Mist for commenting on the action of George I. as to the Protestants in the Palatinate,56;Tom Paine for his rationalistic writings,56;William Rowland for remarks on the conduct of two magistrates,57;libels in the ‘Craftsman,’ 57;Dr. Shebbeare fined, pilloried, and imprisoned for his ‘Sixth Letter to the English People,’ 57;Wilkes and the ‘North Briton’ and the ‘London Evening Post,’ 57;oppression of the Press under George III., 59;Mr. Walter and the ‘Times,’ 59;prosecutions for libels on peers,60;and on the House of Commons,61,62.Pressyard, the, in Newgate, and its privileges, i. 7, 9;its extent,149,150;the division of Newgate so called,159-161;intended originally for State prisoners,199;deemed to be part of the governor’s house,199;a fiction for extorting fees,200;account of the extortion practised,200-204;accommodation and customs of the inmates,205-207;destruction of the, by fire,459;two of the inmates burned,459;state of the, in 1810, ii.71,72;brutal indifference of the inmates of,213,215.Price, Charles, bank-note forger, ii.17;remarkable career of,18-20;hangs himself,21.Price, Evan, a religious lunatic, case of, i. 116.Price, George, murderer, i. 363-365.Price, John, murderer, i. 357-359.Priests, seminary, persecution of, by Elizabeth, i. 89-92.Prison Discipline Society, formation of, ii.150,165,166;Sydney Smith’s opposition to,166;further efforts of the Society,167,et seq.Prisonerfor a penny, a, ii.77.Prisonersand prison life in Newgate in early times, i. 2-4;in the 17th century,7-12;in 1813, 15-17;powers and privileges of the head gaolers or keepers in reference to,5,46-48;poor prisoners wholly dependent on charity for their support,51;various gifts bequeathed to,51,52;all food forfeited given to,53;epidemics,53;riots and outbreaks,53;condition of, in 16th century,60-62;benefit of clergy claimed and abused by,62;treatment of religious and political prisoners,71-92;condition of, during the 16th century,92-95;sufferings and petitions of poor prisoners in the earlier part of the 17th century,101-105;conditional pardons granted to certain prisoners,106-108;petitions of various,108,109,130-138;account of the Jacobite prisoners in Newgate,207-226;spotted fever breaks out amongst,223;rejoicings amongst, at an amnesty,224;loading prisoners with irons illegal,429;cruel nature of the punishment,430;John Wilkes’s letter on the subject,430,431;capricious mode of practising the infliction,431n.;avarice the primary cause of the ill-treatment of prisoners,431;monstrous extortion of gaol fees,432;ravages amongst, from gaol fever,424-450;moral contamination of, from inter-mixture of the sexes, debauchery, gaming, and drunkenness,450,451;they are subjected to experiments,452;take military service to escape,453;density of the prison population,455;various kinds of, in Newgate, ii.6-64;statistics of,67;condition of, in Newgate in 1810, 68-104;ill-treatment of,104-106;demoralized condition of,106-108;certain stringent reforms proposed for,110-113;absence of any religious or moralinstruction for,114; indifference of the ordinaries generally,115;philanthropic efforts on behalf of,116-126;specimen of a Newgate ordinary, the Rev. Brownlow Forde,127-130;efforts of the Philanthropic Society and other institutions on their behalf,130-132;Mrs. Fry’s labours amongst the female prisoners,132-141;their marvellous results,142-146.See alsoPrison Reform;Prisons, the First Report of the Inspectors of;Philanthropy in Newgate; andNewgate Reformed.Prison Reforms, the Beginnings of, ii.147-186;Mrs. Fry’s labours lead to prison reform generally,148;Mr. Neild’s visitation,148;neglect of prisons not the fault of the legislature,149;various Gaol Acts in force,149;formation of the Prison Discipline Society,150;Mr. Buxton’s labours on behalf of prisoners,151,et seq.;prisoners’ rights,151-153;legal authority for them,153-155;classification of prisoners,155;state of various prisons throughout the kingdom,156,et seq.;foulness and overcrowding in the Borough Compter,156;Guildford Prison,157;ironing of prisoners,158n.;shocking state of Bristol Gaol,158-160;the “Pit,” 159;a few exceptions to this,160;Bury St. Edmunds, a model prison,160,161;Ilchester Gaol also commendable,161;