A. D.BritainWestern Part of the Roman EmpireEastern EmpirePersiaChina, India, JapanA. D.SpainGaul (Franks)GermansItalyChurchI. Roman Period(B.C. 55-410 A.D.)395-423. Honorius, Emperor. Capital Rome, Ravenna imperial residence after 402.395. Arcadius received the Eastern Empire, also called the Byzantine or Grecian Empire. Capital Byzantium or Constantinople.399-420.Isdegerdes favors the Christians.400400.Chrysostom, patriarch of Constantinople;ST. AUGUSTINE.400402.Alaricinvades Italy. Stilicho collects an army from Gaul, Britain, etc., and defeats him at Pollentia and Verona.402. Pope Innocent I.409.Gerontius, the Roman governor, invites the Vandals, Alani and Suevi into Spain.408. Stilicho slain. Alaric’s third invasion.410. The Roman troops being gradually withdrawn, the natives become independent.412.Ataulphus, with the Visigoths, leaves Italy, conquers Narbonne and Toulouse.413.Kingdom of the Burgundiansfounded by Gondicar.410. Alaric captures and sacks Rome.412.Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria.414-53.Regency ofPulcheria.412.Conquers Armenia.415. The empire of the Visigoths.416.The Pelagian heresy condemned by the African bishops.423-455.The greater part of Gaul and Spain lost.422.Pope Celestine I.420-22. Persian War on account of persecution of the Christians.420-440. Varanes V.420. China: Close of Isin dynasty.425The Scots and Picts continually harass the island, and the Franks and Saxons infest its coast.429.Empire of the Vandals.432.St. Patrick preaches the Gospel in Ireland.431-440.Armenia divided between the Persians and Romans.425437. Pannonia, Dalmatia and Noricum, lost to the Greek Empire.438.Theodosian Code.440. Pope LEO I. the Great, greatly extends the power of the bishop of Rome.441.Invasion of the Huns; who ravage Europe to the walls of Constantinople.440-457. Varanes VI., Legislator.II. Anglo-Saxon Period(449-1066)448-456.Merovius powerfully assists in the defeat of Attila, and thus gives his name to the first race of French kings.449.The Saxon invasion of England.450451.Invasion ofAttila, with half a million Huns. The Huns under Attila, called the “Scourge of God,” defeated by the confederate armies of Romans and Visigoths atChalons.450. Dynasty of theMerovingians.452.Attila returns from Gaul into Italy. Pope Leo saves Rome.451.The fourth general council at Chalcedon, at which Eutychianism and Nestorianism are solemnly condemned.450455-556.Saxon Octarchy.455.The Britons settle in Bretagne.455-476.From the assassination of Valentinian, ten emperors rapidly succeed.454. The Ostrogoths, after Attila’s death, settle in Pannonia and Mœsia.455. Hengist founds the kingdom of Kent.457.Childeric conquers to the Loire, including Paris.456.The Alemanni follow the Burgundians into Alsace. The river Aar in Switzerland becomes the boundary between them.455. Genseric and the Vandals plunder Rome.457-474.Leo the Great.The first emperor crowned by a patriarch of the Greek Church.457.Firoz, one of the most celebrated princes of Persia.461. Ricimer, leader of the Goths, reigns under the name of Severus III.466-483. Gothic Monarchy of Spain.474.Ricimer sacks Rome.474-491.Zeno.475476.Odoacer, King of the Heruli, overthrows the Western Empire, and founds the Kingdom of Italy.475. The Ostrogoths.Theodoricbrought up as a hostage at Constantinople, becomes chief of the whole nation. He invades the empire, ravages Thrace with great cruelty.480.India: End of Gupta dynasty.475NEW NATIONS FORMED OUT OF THE ROMAN EMPIRESpainFranksGermansItalyKingdom of the Visigoths.Kingdom of the Franks.481-511.Clovisthe true founder of the French monarchy: capital Paris.482.The Emperor Zeno publishes theHenoticon.486. Defeats Syagrius at Soissons.End of the Roman Dominion.491-516.Gondebald, King of Burgundy.492.Pope Gelasius I. He advances bold claims to authority.489-493.Theodoric’s expedition from Thrace, etc., into Italy.493.Italy conquered byTheodoric, King of the Ostrogoths. Odoacer put to death.493.The Kingdom of the Ostrogoths.496.Conversion of Clovis. He defeats the Alamanni.493-555. Kingdom of the East Goths(Ostrogoths) in Italy.496.Christianity introduced among the Franks, whose king, Clovis, accepts baptism.500500. Edict of Theodoric.502-505.War with Persia.500508-522.Theodoric the Great, King of the Ostrogoths, rules the affairs of Spain—he preserves Narbonne, wrested from the Visigoths by Clovis, to this empire, but joins Arles and Provence to his own.506. Burgundy tributary to the Franks.508.Conquest of Arles and Provence.507.Long walls built to protect Constantinople from the Bulgarians.519.Kingdom of Wessex (West Saxons) which ultimately unites to itself the whole English monarchy.516. Sigismond.518.The accession of Justin marks the downfall of the Monophysites.518-527.Justin. Proclus his minister.518-565.Brilliant period of the Byzantine Empire.522-531. Amalaric, the first Gothic king who establishes his court in Spain: capital, Seville.523.Godomar.525527.Separation of the Armenian from the Greek Church.527.JUSTINIAN I. becomes emperor; celebrated for hiscode of lawsand the victories of his generals,BelisariusandNarses.525529. The Order of Benedictine Monks instituted at Monte Cassino, near Naples.530.Belisarius defeats the Persians at Daras.531-579.Chosroës I., “The Just,” greatest of the Sassanid kings. War with Justinian. Invasion of Syria and capture of Antioch. Belisarius in Syria.532. Suppresses the Nika riot in the Hippodrome of Constantinople.533-555. WARS OF JUSTINIAN AGAINST THE VANDALS AND OSTROGOTHS.533-534. Overthrows the Vandals in Africa.535-553. Unsuccessful war with Justinian, the troops revolt and elect Vitiges, 536-541.535. Subdues Sicily.536. Witiges, King of the Ostrogoths, surrenders his possessions in Gaul to the Franks.536. Belisarius takes Rome.536. Belisarius and Narses recover Italy.537. Witiges besieges Belisarius in Rome.537. It endures a long and disastrous siege from Vitiges.540. Byzantine power established in Italy.541-552.Totila re-establishes the powers of the Ostrogoths.544.In the Edict of the Three Chapters, Justinian largely repudiates the work of the Council of Chalcedon.Turkssettled in Asia ab. 545-550549-551.Siege of Petra.550550552. Narses, the general of Justinian, invades Italy, overthrows the Gothic monarchy.553.Narses defeats and kills Totila and overthrows Gothic kingdom in Italy.552. Japan: Buddhism introduced.558-561.Clotaire sole monarch.554. Italy under Greek Exarchs.561.Chilperic I. (the French Nero), King of Neustria, married the beautiful Fredegonda.Many Germanic tribes, particularly the Bavarians and Saxons join the Lombards and Avars in their invasion of Italy.Kingdom of the Lombards560. Pope John III. The Tritheists maintain the separate existence of the persons of the Trinity.565.Death of Belisarius and Justinian. Justin II becomes emperor.561-575. Sigebert, King of Austrasia, wife Brunehilda.568.Italy conquered by the Lombards under Alboin. He later fixes his capital at Pavia.570-600.The Avars invade the Eastern Empire, and spread over Hungary, Poland and Prussia.569-582.The Turks send embassies to the Greek emperor—treaty between them.568-752. The Exarchate of Ravenna established.571-591.Wars with Persia.575575. East-Anglia, is formed into a kingdom. The name ofAngle-landwas given to a small part of the eastern coast,East-Engla-land.578-582.Tiberius II.579-590.Hormisdas III.575580. The Latin language ceases to be spoken in Italy, while it supersedes Gothic in Spain.582-602.Maurice.586. The kingdom of Mercia was the last founded by the Angles.586-601. Recared good and prosperous reign establishes the Catholic faith throughout Spain—the clergy obtain great authority.The empire extended to the Araxes, and almost to the Caspian.588-828. WARS OF THE HEPTARCHY.590-616. Supremacy of Ethelbert, King of Kent.The Latin language supersedes the Gothic.590-604. GREGORY I. the Great.Canonof the mass established.592.War with the Avars.591-628.Chosroes II.590-618. China: Dynasty of Suy.593-600. Japan: strong Chinese influences.600Ethelbertpublishes the firstCode of Lawsin Britain.607-614.Boniface IV.603-628.War with Persia.600. Arabia became the theater of important events which greatly influenced the history of the East.603.Invades the Greek Empire—conquers Syria, 611; Palestine and Jerusalem, 614; Egypt, 616 and Asia Minor except the coasts—overrun Africa.Splendidcourt of Persia.600613-628.Clotaire II., sole monarch, grandson of Clovis, his power extends over all the Gauls to the Pyrenees—the Saxons and Lombards tributary: capital, Paris.The Anglo-Saxons embrace Christianity—as do also, during this century, the Frieslanders, Westphalians, Thuringians, Danes, Swedes, Germans, and Franks.609.MOHAMMEDproclaims his religion.
A. D.BritainEastern EmpirePersiaChina, India, JapanI. Roman Period(B.C. 55-410 A.D.)395. Arcadius received the Eastern Empire, also called the Byzantine or Grecian Empire. Capital Byzantium or Constantinople.399-420.Isdegerdes favors the Christians.400400.Chrysostom, patriarch of Constantinople;ST. AUGUSTINE.410. The Roman troops being gradually withdrawn, the natives become independent.414-53.Regency ofPulcheria.412.Conquers Armenia.420-22. Persian War on account of persecution of the Christians.420-440. Varanes V.420. China: Close of Isin dynasty.425The Scots and Picts continually harass the island, and the Franks and Saxons infest its coast.431-440.Armenia divided between the Persians and Romans.438.Theodosian Code.441.Invasion of the Huns; who ravage Europe to the walls of Constantinople.440-457. Varanes VI., Legislator.II. Anglo-Saxon Period(449-1066)450454. The Ostrogoths, after Attila’s death, settle in Pannonia and Mœsia.457-474.Leo the Great.The first emperor crowned by a patriarch of the Greek Church.457. Firoz, one of the most celebrated princes of Persia.466-483. Gothic Monarchy of Spain.474-491.Zeno.475475. The Ostrogoths.Theodoricbrought up as a hostage at Constantinople, becomes chief of the whole nation. He invades the empire, ravages Thrace with great cruelty.480.India: End of Gupta dynasty.489-493. Theodoric’s expedition from Thrace, etc., into Italy.493. The Kingdom of the Ostrogoths.500502-505.War with Persia.507. Long walls built to protect Constantinople from the Bulgarians.519.Kingdom of Wessex (West Saxons) which ultimately unites to itself the whole English monarchy.518-527. Justin. Proclus his minister.518-565.Brilliant period of the Byzantine Empire.525527.JUSTINIAN I. becomes emperor; celebrated for hiscode of lawsand the victories of his generals,BelisariusandNarses.530. Belisarius defeats the Persians at Daras.531-579.Chosroës I., “The Just,” greatest of the Sassanid kings. War with Justinian. Invasion of Syria and capture of Antioch. Belisarius in Syria.532. Suppresses the Nika riot in the Hippodrome of Constantinople.533-555. WARS OF JUSTINIAN AGAINST THE VANDALS AND OSTROGOTHS.533-534. Overthrows the Vandals in Africa.535. Subdues Sicily.536. Belisarius and Narses recover Italy.Turkssettled in Asia ab. 545-550549-551. Siege of Petra.550553.Narses defeats and kills Totila and overthrows Gothic kingdom in Italy.552. Japan: Buddhism introduced.565. Death of Belisarius and Justinian. Justin II becomes emperor.570-600.The Avars invade the Eastern Empire, and spread over Hungary, Poland and Prussia.569-582. The Turks send embassies to the Greek emperor—treaty between them.571-591. Wars with Persia.575575. East-Anglia, is formed into a kingdom. The name ofAngle-landwas given to a small part of the eastern coast,East-Engla-land578-582.Tiberius II.579-590.Hormisdas III.582-602. Maurice.586. The kingdom of Mercia was the last founded by the Angles.The empire extended to the Araxes, and almost to the Caspian.588-828. WARS OF THE HEPTARCHY.590-616. Supremacy of Ethelbert, King of Kent.592.War with the Avars.591-628.Chosroes II.590-618. China: Dynasty of Suy.593-600. Japan: strong Chinese influences.600Ethelbertpublishes the firstCode of Lawsin Britain.603-628.War with Persia.600. Arabia became the theater of important events which greatly influenced the history of the East.603.Invades the Greek Empire—conquers Syria, 611; Palestine and Jerusalem, 614; Egypt, 616 and Asia Minor except the coasts—overrun Africa.Splendidcourt of Persia.609.MOHAMMEDproclaims his religion.A. D.Western Part of the Roman EmpireSpainGaul (Franks)GermansItalyChurch395-423. Honorius, Emperor. Capital Rome, Ravenna imperial residence after 402.400400.Chrysostom, patriarch of Constantinople;ST. AUGUSTINE.402.Alaricinvades Italy. Stilicho collects an army from Gaul, Britain, etc., and defeats him at Pollentia and Verona.402. Pope Innocent I.409.Gerontius, the Roman governor, invites the Vandals, Alani and Suevi into Spain.408. Stilicho slain. Alaric’s third invasion.412.Ataulphus, with the Visigoths, leaves Italy, conquers Narbonne and Toulouse.413.Kingdom of the Burgundiansfounded by Gondicar.410. Alaric captures and sacks Rome.412.Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria.415. The empire of the Visigoths.416.The Pelagian heresy condemned by the African bishops.423-455.The greater part of Gaul and Spain lost.422. Pope Celestine I.425429.Empire of the Vandals.432.St. Patrick preaches the Gospel in Ireland.437. Pannonia, Dalmatia and Noricum, lost to the Greek Empire.440. Pope LEO I. the Great, greatly extends the power of the bishop of Rome.448-456. Merovius powerfully assists in the defeat of Attila, and thus gives his name to the first race of French kings.449.The Saxon invasion of England.450451.Invasion ofAttila, with half a million Huns. The Huns under Attila, called the “Scourge of God,” defeated by the confederate armies of Romans and Visigoths atChalons.450. Dynasty of theMerovingians.452.Attila returns from Gaul into Italy. Pope Leo saves Rome.451.The fourth general council at Chalcedon, at which Eutychianism and Nestorianism are solemnly condemned.455-556. Saxon Octarchy.455. The Britons settle in Bretagne.455-476. From the assassination of Valentinian, ten emperors rapidly succeed.455. Hengist founds the kingdom of Kent.457.Childeric conquers to the Loire, including Paris.456.The Alemanni follow the Burgundians into Alsace. The river Aar in Switzerland becomes the boundary between them.455. Genseric and the Vandals plunder Rome.461. Ricimer, leader of the Goths, reigns under the name of Severus III.474. Ricimer sacks Rome.475476.Odoacer, King of the Heruli, overthrows the Western Empire, and founds the Kingdom of Italy.NEW NATIONS FORMED OUT OF THE ROMAN EMPIRESpainFranksGermansItalyKingdom of the Visigoths.Kingdom of the Franks.481-511.Clovisthe true founder of the French monarchy: capital Paris.482.The Emperor Zeno publishes theHenoticon.486. Defeats Syagrius at Soissons.End of the Roman Dominion.491-516.Gondebald, King of Burgundy.492.Pope Gelasius I. He advances bold claims to authority.493. Italy conquered byTheodoric, King of the Ostrogoths. Odoacer put to death.496.Conversion of Clovis. He defeats the Alamanni.493-555. Kingdom of the East Goths(Ostrogoths) in Italy.496.Christianity introduced among the Franks, whose king, Clovis, accepts baptism.500500. Edict of Theodoric.508-522.Theodoric the Great, King of the Ostrogoths, rules the affairs of Spain—he preserves Narbonne, wrested from the Visigoths by Clovis, to this empire, but joins Arles and Provence to his own.506. Burgundy tributary to the Franks.508.Conquest of Arles and Provence.516. Sigismond.518.The accession of Justin marks the downfall of the Monophysites.522-531. Amalaric, the first Gothic king who establishes his court in Spain: capital, Seville.523.Godomar.525527.Separation of the Armenian from the Greek Church.529. The Order of Benedictine Monks instituted at Monte Cassino, near Naples.533-555. WARS OF JUSTINIAN AGAINST THE VANDALS AND OSTROGOTHS.535-553. Unsuccessful war with Justinian, the troops revolt and elect Vitiges, 536-541.536. Witiges, King of the Ostrogoths, surrenders his possessions in Gaul to the Franks.536. Belisarius takes Rome.537. Witiges besieges Belisarius in Rome.537. It endures a long and disastrous siege from Vitiges.540. Byzantine power established in Italy.541-552.Totila re-establishes the powers of the Ostrogoths.544.In the Edict of the Three Chapters, Justinian largely repudiates the work of the Council of Chalcedon.550552. Narses, the general of Justinian, invades Italy, overthrows the Gothic monarchy.558-561.Clotaire sole monarch.554. Italy under Greek Exarchs.561.Chilperic I. (the French Nero), King of Neustria, married the beautiful Fredegonda.Many Germanic tribes, particularly the Bavarians and Saxons join the Lombards and Avars in their invasion of Italy.Kingdom of the Lombards560. Pope John III. The Tritheists maintain the separate existence of the persons of the Trinity.561-575. Sigebert, King of Austrasia, wife Brunehilda.568.Italy conquered by the Lombards under Alboin. He later fixes his capital at Pavia.568-752. The Exarchate of Ravenna established.575580. The Latin language ceases to be spoken in Italy, while it supersedes Gothic in Spain.586-601. Recared good and prosperous reign establishes the Catholic faith throughout Spain—the clergy obtain great authority.The Latin language supersedes the Gothic.590-604. GREGORY I. the Great.Canonof the mass established.600607-614.Boniface IV.613-628. Clotaire II., sole monarch, grandson of Clovis, his power extends over all the Gauls to the Pyrenees—the Saxons and Lombards tributary: capital, Paris.The Anglo-Saxons embrace Christianity—as do also, during this century, the Frieslanders, Westphalians, Thuringians, Danes, Swedes, Germans, and Franks.
Great Events of Period.700-800: Christianizing of Germany continues. Hostile caliphates of Bagdad and Cordova. Mohammedan advance in the West checked by Charlemagne, who nominally restores the Western Roman Empire. Norman ravages begin. 800-900: Norman ravages continue. Private wars. Charlemagne’s Empire falls to pieces.