133.Court of High Commission,135.Couture, Jean, on Tennessee River,102."Cowpens," established on the English frontier.Cowpens, battle at,528.Coxe, Daniel, New Jersey proprietor,202.Craven, William, Lord Craven, Carolina proprietor,208.Cree Indians, trade of Hudson's Bay Company with,214.Creek Indians, Spanish missions among,255;French influence,314;English diplomacy and trade among,316,407,412;retard English expansion,414.Criminals,336.Croghan, surveys in Ohio Valley,413.Croix, Teodoro de, first commandant-general of the InteriorProvinces,387,304;plans war on Apaches,401.Cromwell, Oliver, heads military party,152;member of Committee of Trade, Plantations, and Foreign Affairs,153;Lord Protector,154;conquers Jamaica,253.Crown Colonies, British, established in 1763,404.Crown Point,313,462,487.Crozat, Antoine, trade monopoly in Louisiana,276-277;government,277;attempts at trade expansion,278;surrender of patent,278.Crusades, effect on travel and geographical knowledge,3.Crúzate, Governor, attempts to reconquer New Mexico,246.Cuartelejo, El, Colorado, Urribarri's expedition to,291;Villazur's,296.Cuauhtemoc, Aztec ruler, executed by Cortés,33,38.Cuba, explored by Columbus and Ocampo,10,17,25;Cortés in,32;decline of,67;English attempt to conquer,363.Cubero, governor of New Mexico, subdues Pueblos,247;founds Albuquerque,290;sends expedition to El Cuartelejo,291.Cuernavaca, Mexico, estates of Cortés at,53.Culiacán, founded,39;visited by Vaca,41; point of departure for Friar Marcos,44;for Coronado,45;for Ibarra,56;population,58.Culpeper, Thomas, Lord, proprietary grant in Virginia,185;governor of Virginia,187.Cumberland settlement, Tennessee,419.Cuming, Sir Alexander, mission to the Cherokees,315.Curaçao, settled by the Dutch,167,252;trade,428.Cusihuiriáchic, Chihuahua, settled,242.Customs officials,183,439.Dale, Sir Thomas, deputy-governor of Virginia,119;policy,121.Danes, in the West Indies,253.Daniel, Robert, English colonel,269.Davenport, Reverend John, a founder of New Haven,156.Davidson County, North Carolina,419.Davila, Gil González.SeeGonzález.Davis, John, seeks northwest passage,66,109.Dawes, William,460.Deane, Silas, mission to France,506.De Chastes, in fur trading company,85.De Caylus, French admiral,365.Declaration of Independence,476-481.Declaratory Act,438.Deerfield, Massachusetts, massacre at,271.Delaware province, economic and social conditions in the eighteenthcentury,332-333;separation from Pennsylvania,350.Delaware Indians,416.Delaware, Lord, governor of Virginia,118-119.Delaware River, Washington's retreat across,489-492;opened by the British,502.De León, Alonso, governor of Coahuila,248;founds Texas,249,251.De León, Juan Ponce, explores coast,17,25,26;war against the Caribs,40;attempts to colonize Florida,40.De León, Luís Ponce, governor in Mexico, holdsresidenciaofCortéz,48.DeLepe, explorer,24.Delgado, Marcos, explores western Florida,249.DeLignery,287, campaign in Wisconsin, 1715,287.De Louvigny, victory over Foxes in Wisconsin, 1716,275,287.De Luna, Tristán, expedition to Florida,61-62.De Medici, Catherine,78.De Medici, Mary,79,80.De Mézières, Athanase, rule in Red River Valley,398,401.Denmark, joins League of Armed Neutrals,520.Denonville, Governor, campaign against Iroquois,258-259.Department of foreign affairs (United States),555.De Soto, Hernando, in Central America,31;governor of Florida,41;expedition of,41-42,44;death,42.D'Estaing, Comte, in command of French fleet,510;failure at Newport,510;in West Indies,510-511;fails to relieve Savannah,511,524.Destruction of the Indies, The, work by Las Casas,50.De Tracy, lieutenant-colonel of New France,94.Detroit, founding of,101;occupied by French,267,368;fur trading post,422:during American Revolution,513,514.De Troyes, captures Hudson Bay posts,261.Díaz, Bartholomew, explores African coast,5.Díaz, Melchior, explores Colorado River,45.Dickinson, John, member of the Stamp Act Congress,436;author of theFarmer's Letters,439:member of First Continental Congress,452;attitude toward Declaration of Independence,478;on committee to draw up Articles of Confederation,550.Dieskau, Baron,374.Dinwiddie, lieutenant-governor of Virginia,369.Disallowance,351-352.Dollard, resistance to Iroquois,91.Dolores y Viana, Father, missionary in Texas,299.Dominica Island, captured by French,510;battle between Rodney and De Grasse,532.Dominicans, in New Spain,61;field of work,236.Domínguez, Father Francisco, explores Utah Basis,392.Donelson, pioneer in Kentucky,419.Dongan, Thomas, governor of New York,197-198;policy toward Indians,258.Dorchester, settled,142.Dorchester Heights,471.Douro River, Portugal,4,13.Dover, New Hampshire,140;Puritan settlers,157;claimed by Massachusetts,157.Drake, Francis, freebooter in West Indies,66;raid on Pacific coast,70;accompanies Hawkins,107;attack on Nombre de Dios,107;on Chagres River,107;circumnavigates globe,108;rescues Roanoke Island colonists,110.Drake's Bay, California,70.Ducasse, French naval commander, in intercolonial wars,262,268,269.Duchesneau, intendant of New France,97;recalled,98.Ducour, French commander, surrenders Louisbourg,377.Dudley, Thomas, deputy governor,142;governor,146.Duke's Laws,197.Duluth, fur trader in Minnesota and Wisconsin,100.Dunmore, Lord, governor of Virginia,413;war with Indians of Ohio Valley,417;difficulties in 1775,462-463.Duquesne, Marquis, governor-general of Canada,368;plans to occupy Ohio country,368.Durango, Mexico, founding of,56;industrial development,58;capital of Nueva Vizcaya,242.Durham, Massacre at,266.Du Rivage, French explorer on Red River, 1719,283.Dutch, destroy English settlement on Schuylkill River,155;in American Revolution,520-522;revolt of the Netherlands,52;Dutch freebooters in the Caribbean,66;commercial expansion of the Netherlands,164;East Indian trade,164;Henry Hudson,165;Cape Horn route discovered,165;the West India Company,166;the Dutch in Brazil, Guiana, and the Antilles,166,251-252;New Netherlands,167-174;the government,167;Peter Minuit,167-168;the patroon system,169-170;frontier rivals,170;Van Twiller and Kieft,170-171;Indian wars,172;Stuyvesant,172;struggle for popular government,172-173;industries,173-174;conquest of New Sweden,175-177;New Netherlands absorbed by the English,177-178,196-197;Dutch pirates on the Pacific,240.Dutch East India Company,164-165.Dutch Reformed Church,223.Dutch West India Company,166,252.Du Tisné, explores Osage and Arkansas country,283.Dyer, Mary,189.East India Company, English, formed,70,105;tea concessions,447.East Indies, commerce of,70.Eastland Company,106.East New Jersey, population,221;social conditions,223-224;religion,224;education,224.SeeNew Jersey.Eaton, Theophilus, a founder of New Haven,150.Eaton's Station,513.Echagaray, ordered to explore Bay of Espíritu Santo,249.Ecija, expedition from Florida to Virginia, 1609,118-119.Edict of Nantes,79.Edisto Island, ravaged by Spaniards, 1686,255.Education, in New Spain,50,53;colleges and universities,76;in New England,220-221;in New York,222-223;in East New Jersey,224;in Chesapeake Bay region,229;in South Carolina,231;in English colonies in the eighteenth century,338-339.Edwards, Jonathan,338.Elcano, completes Magellan's voyage round the world,25.Eleutheria Island, settled,152.Eliot, John, missionary to Indians,156.Elizabethtown, New Jersey,199.Elizabeth, Queen of England, policy,105;English expansion during reign,107-111.El Paso district, beginnings of,245;attached to New Mexico,245.Emigration.SeeImmigration and Population.Encomiendas, origin of,22;granting of in conquests,31,34,40,55;upheld by Cortés,47-48;New Lawsconcerning,50;cessation of, in West Indies,67;in New Spain,55,75.Endicott, John, founds Salem,141.England, the Tudor Period,104-105;under the early Stuarts,112-113;the Puritan movement,135-136;the Restoration,179;the mercantilist system,179;the Triple Alliance,359;in the War of Jenkins's Ear,361-364;in the War of the Austrian Succession,364-366;in the Seven Years' War,369-383;new possessions after 1763,403-424;controversy with American colonies,425-555.English colonies in North America, general history:beginning of English expansion, 1485-1603,104-110;the Tudor period,104-105;commercial expansion,105-107;the Cabots,105;Newfoundland fisheries,106;Muscovy and Levant companies,106;Elizabethan sea-dogs,107-108;search for a Northwest passage,108-109;attempts to colonize Virginia and Guiana,109-110;the colonies under the early Stuarts,112-113;colonial administration,113;the founding of Virginia,114-125;the founding of Maryland,125-129;the Bermudas,129;Guiana,130;the Lesser Antilles,132;Providence Island Company,133;the beginnings of New England,135-150;the Puritan movement,135-136;Plymouth colony,136-141;attempts on New England coast,141-142;Massachusetts Bay Colony,142-146;Rhode Island and Connecticut,146-151;the English colonies during the revolutionary period,152-163;the old colonies under the later Stuarts,179-195;colonial policy and administration,179-181;machinery of government,181-183;expansion under the later Stuarts,196-214;New York,196-198;the Jerseys,198-202;Pennsylvania,202-206;expansion in the islands,206-207;the Carolinas,207-211;Western trade and exploration,211;Hudson's Bay Company,212-214;English Mainland colonies at end of17th century described—society, industry, education, religion, population,216-232;the struggle with the French for the fur country,257-261;the War of the English Succession,261-267;the War of the Spanish Succession,267-273;the English in the Piedmont,309-328;the Westward Movement,309-311;defense of the northern frontier,311-312;reorganization of the Carolinas,312-315;Georgia, the buffer colony,315-316;the German and Swiss migration,316-322;the Scotch-Irish,322-326;significance of settlement of the Piedmont,326-328;the English colonies in the middle18th century, population,industry, labor systems, society, religion, education,329-339;Barbados, Leeward Isles, and Jamaica,339-341;the English colonial system,343-357;reorganizations by William III,343-350;development during the reign of Anne,350-352;under the Whigs,353-357;a quarter century of conflict with France and Spain,359-383;Spain and the powers,359-361;War of Jenkins' Ear,361-364;War of the Austrian Succession,364-366;the conflict in the Ohio Valley,366-369;the French and Indian War,369-382;the Peace of Paris,382;the new British possessions, 1763-1783,403-424;general provisions for defense, government, and fur trade,403-406;occupation of the Floridas,406-409;military occupation of the Illinois country,409-410;western land schemes,411-413;the westward movement into Tennessee, Kentucky, and the UpperOhio country,413-419;the province of Quebec,410-421;the northern, fur traders,421-424;the causes of the American Revolution,425-456;the background of the conflict,425-429;the policy of the Grenvile Ministry,429-437;the repeal of the Stamp Act,431-432;the Townshend Acts,438-443;organized resistance,443-447;the Tea Controversy,447-449;Lord North's Coercive Policy,440-451;the First Continental Congress,451-456;the opening of hostilities,458-463;the Second Continental Congress,463-470;the Loyalists,472-476;the Declaration of Independence,476-480;the struggle for the middle states,482-504;the war as an international contest,505-522;the French Alliance,505-512;the war in the West,512-515;Spain in the war,521-522;the dose of the war,524-532;the treaty of peace,532-538;governmental development during the Revolution,539-555.Episcopal Church, in New England,220;in New York,222;in Pennsylvania,226;in Virginia,229;in Maryland,229;in South Carolina,231.Eric the Red, colonization of Greenland,