506;attempts to get Spanish assistance,507.Lee, Charles,411,464,488,489,490,509.Lee, Richard Henry, member of Western Land Company,411;member of the First Continental Congress,452;Independence Resolution,478.Leeward Islands, made a province,206;granted an assembly,206;extension of power,206;social and economic conditions in the eighteenth century,340.Legazpi, Miguel López de, expedition to Philippines,68;conquest of islands,68.Leisler's Rebellion,198,263.Le Jeune, French Jesuit superior at Quebec,88.Le Moyne, Charles,275;seignorial grant,93.León, Alonso de.SeeDe León.León (Cerralvo), City of,60,61,247.León, Nicaragua, founding of,31.León, kingdom of in New Spain,13.Lesser Antilles, slave hunting in,23;English settlements in,132-133;Dutch colonization,167;subdivisions,247.Seeindividual islands.Le Sueur, fur trader in Minnesota and Wisconsin,101;quoted,97.Levant Company,107.Levasseur, French trader, occupies Tortuga,94.Levis, Chevalier de,375,381.Lewis, Colonel Andrew,417.Lewis and Clark, exploration of,402.Lexington, battle of,460-461.Leyva, expedition to New Mexico,72-73.Lief, son of Eric, discovery of Vinland,2.Linares, Duke of, viceroy of New Spain,293.Linares, Diocese of,387.Lincoln, General Benjamin, organizes New England militia,495;operations in Georgia,524;at Charleston,524-525;secretary of war,554.Lindsay, explorer in Ohio valley,413.Line of Demarcation,11.Link, Father, Jesuit explorer in Lower California,307.Lisbon, Columbus' reception at,10.Little Rock, Arkansas, La Harpe visits vicinity,284.Littleton, James, Commodore,269.Livingston, Robert R., member of committee for drafting theDeclaration of Independence,479;secretary of foreign affairs,555.Llano River country, Texas, mineral deposits,298,299."Llanos de Cíbola" (Buffalo Plains),45.Lloyd, Thomas, president of the Pennsylvania council,205.Loaisa, expedition to Far East,46.Locke, John, prepares a constitution for the Carolinas,208.London Company, Charter of 1606,116;Charter of 1609,117-118;Charter of 1612,120; charter annulled,123.London Gazette,408.Long Island, early English settlements,150-151,222;granted to Duke of York,196-197;battle of,483-484.López, Fray Nicolás, Franciscan missionary,245.Lords of Trade,182.Loreto, California, founded,306;capital moved from,392.Los Adaes, mission founded,295;presidio and capital of Texas,297,298.Los Angeles, California, founding of pueblo of,392-393.Loudoun, English commander,376.Louis XVI, attitude toward American Revolution,505-506.Louisiana, Under France, founding of,275-278;Pensacola founded,275;Biloxi founded,276;Iberville's Indian alliances,276;Bienville's first administration,276;Crozat's grant,276-278;attempts at commercial expansion,278;Indian difficulties,278;population,278,279,281;map,277;under Company of the Indies,278-280;the Mississippi Bubble,278-279;New Orleans founded,279;war with Spain,279;organization of the government,279-280;ecclesiastical divisions,280;the Natchez War,280;under the royal governors,280-282;Bienville's second administration,280-281;Chickasaw War,281;the Illinois district,251-252;slavery,282;Missouri lead mines,282;Under Spain, 1762-1783,395-402;ceded to Spain,382-383,395;state of the province,395-306;population,396;industries,396;dissatisfaction with the cession,306;expulsion of the Spanish governor, Ulloa,397;O'Reilly, administration of,397-398;first governors, Unzaga and Gálvez,398;encouragement of commerce,398,400;the English danger,400;Texas border abandoned,400;fur trade continued,400-401;De Mézières and the control of the Red River tribes,401;plans for war on Apaches,401;opening of routes to Santa Fé and the upper Missouri,402.Louisiana-Texas boundary question,300,301.Louisbourg, Cape Breton Island, siege and defense of,364-365.Lovelace, Francis, governor of New York,197.Loyal Company, The,367.Loyalists, formation of the group,459;accompany the British army to Halifax,471;element in the colonies,472-473;classification of,473;religious aspects,473-474;their argument,474;persecution of,474-475;congressional attitude toward,475-476;in the Cherokee War,512-513;in the Southwest,513-514;in New York,514-515;at King's Mountain,527;attempts of British to protect,536,537;dispersion,538;in Florida,408,409;in Canada,421.Lucenilla, attempt to colonize California,241.Lumbering in New England,217,331;in North Carolina,334;in South Carolina,335.Lutherans,222,226.Lybyer, cited on trade routes,5.Lyford, John,140-141.Lyman, General, colony in West Florida,408.Lynn, settled,142.Lyttleton, Governor of South Carolina,378.McAfees, the, pioneers in Kentucky,416.McDonald, Donald,471.Machias Bay settlement,139.Machin, Robert, English voyager to Madeira,4.Machuco, Diego, explores Nicaragua,32.Madagascar, French attempt to colonize,80.Madeira, visited by Englishmen,4.Magdalena Bay, California,71.Magellan, Ferdinand, voyage of, map showing,6;discovery of Straits,25;conflict aroused by his voyage,46.Maine, early settlements,136,319,140;Canada and Laconia companies,141;land grants,157;settlements claimed by Massachusetts,157;northern part granted to the Duke of York,196-197;frontier defense,312-313;German migration to,321,322;Scotch-Irish migration to,325.Malabar, Portuguese at,24.Malacca,24.Malay Peninsula,24.Maldonado, oidor of New Spain,49.Mallet brothers, expedition to New Mexico,285-286.Malocello, discovery of the Canary Islands,3.Manchester, founded,325.Mandan Indians, Dakota, reached by Spaniards,402.Mandeville, French Commander,278.Manhattan Island, purchase and settlement,167.Manila, Philippines, Audiencia of, established,68;captured by British,382;restored to Spain,382.Manila galleon,66,68;route of,68,70,307.See alsoAcapulco.Manoa, fabulous city of Guiana,110.Manors, in Maryland,128.Manufactures, in New England,217-218;in Pennsylvania,226;in the Chesapeake Bay region,229;in middle eighteenth century,330.Mansker, pioneer in Kentucky,413,419.Maracaibo, plundered by Jackson,252.Maracaibo, Gulf of,23,24.Marcos, Friar, discovery of Cíbola,44.Margil, Antonia, Franciscan missionary in Texas,293,295.Maria Theresa,364,375.Marine Committee,543.Marion, Francis,527-529.Maritime science, advance of in15th century,4.Markham, William, deputy-governor of Pennsylvania,204.Marquette, Jesuit Missionary, on the Mississippi,97;death,97.Marqués Cabrera, governor of Florida, sends expedition againstEnglish,255.Martha's Vineyard, granted to the Duke of York,196-197.Martin and Castillo, pearl hunting expedition in Texas,243-244.Martinique Island,93,252,262,382.Mary, Queen of Scots,53.Maryland, Baltimore's application for a grant in Virginia,125-126;founding,125-129;charter,126-127;first settlers,127;trouble with Virginia,127-128;early social conditions,128;government,128-129;under Puritan control,102;economic conditions,188;Charles Calvert,188-189;Notley's administration,189;rebellion of 1689,189;dispute with Pennsylvania over boundary,203;population,227;settled area,227;plantation system,228;commerce,228;system of labor,229;social conditions,229;religion,229;education,229;German migration to,319-320;social and economic conditions in the eighteenth century,333-334;under William III,346;trouble with the governor,444;navy,518.Mason and Dixon's line,203.Mason, John, land grants,140,146,157;interest in Canada and Laconia companies,141;death,146.Massachusetts, charter,141-142;Cambridge agreement,142;the "Great Migration,"142;towns settled,142;form of government,143;the New England towns,143-145;representative system introduced,145;struggle with Laud,145-146;controversy with Roger Williams,146-147;controversy with Anne Hutchinson,148;Body of Liberties,154-155;member of the New England Confederation,156;claims New Hampshire and Maine settlements,157-158;fur trade,158;difficulties with Charles II,180-190;reception of royal commissioners,191;King Philip's War,191-192;complaints against,192;trouble with Randolph,192-193;annulment of the charter,193;temporary government,193;acquisition of Mason's rights,193-194;Dominion of New England,194;administration of Andros,194;overthrow of Andros,194-195;population,216;commerce,217;manufactures,217;religion,220;superstitions,220;education,220;literature,221;treaty with Maine Indians,271;German migration to,322;Scotch-Irish migration to,324;charter of 1691,344;protests against Grenville's policy,431-432;resists the Stamp Act,436;protests against the Townshend Acts,440-441;trouble with Governor Bernard,440-442;convention,442;trouble with Hutchinson,444;the tea controversy,448;Government Act,449-450;resistance to the Regulating Act,459-460;fighting around Boston,460-461;navy,518.Massachusetts Bay Colony.SeeMassachusetts.Massanet, Father Damian, Franciscan missionary in Coahuila and Texas,249,251.Massasoit, chief of the Wampanoags, treaty with Plymouth,138-139.Matagorda Bay, LaSalle's colony on,99,100.Matehuala, Mexico, founded,59.Mauro, Fra, map of the world,5.Maximilian I,16.May, Cornelius,165-166.Maya Indians,26-27.SeeMexico.Mayflower Compact,138.Mayhew, Thomas, missionary to Indians,156.Mayo Valley, Sonora, Jesuit missions in,239.Mazapil, Mexico, founded,59.Mazarin, administration of government of France,80-81.Mecklenburg Resolves,463;declaration of independence,463.Medellin, Mexico, founded,36.Medina-Celi, Count of, influence in favor of Columbus,7.Medina River, western boundary of Texas,297.Mediterranean, trade route to Far East,5.Memphis, DeSoto near,42.Méndez, Father, Jesuit missionary to Mayos,239.Mendoza, Antonio de, viceroy, crushes revolt in Nueva Galicia,40;sends expedition to explore Pacific,46-47;outfits expedition for Florida,61;achievements as administrator,50;sent to Peru,50;death,50.Mendoza, Hurtado de, expedition on west coast,42.Mendoza, Juan Domínguez de, expedition to Jumanos in central Texas,245.Menéndez de, Áviles, destroys Huguenot settlement,62;colonizes Atlantic coast,64;explores Alleghanies,64;expedition to Chesapeake Bay,65.Mennonites, in Pennsylvania,206.Mercado, Ginés Vásquez de, search for treasure in Durango,55.Mercantilist system,179-180.Merry Mount,139.Mexico, the Nahuas (Aztecs),27;Nahua history,27;the Triple Alliance,28;Conquest of the Valley of Mexico,32-35;Cortés,32;the march to Mexico,33;loss and recapture of the city,33;Cortés's contest with Velásquez,34;made governor and captain-general,34;the spread of the conquest,36-40;factors,36;Vera Cruz, Oaxaca, and Tehuantepec,36;Olid in Michoacán,36; Colima andJalisco,37;Amichel and Pánuco,37;Olid, Casas, and Cortés in Honduras,38;Yucatán,38;Guzmán in Sinaloa,39;Querétaro,39;the Mirton War,40;establishment of the viceroyalty,47-50;Cortés as administrator,47;his powers curtailed,48;first and second audiencias,48-49;Cortés made Marquis of the Valley,49;Mendoza first viceroy,49;New Laws,50;Mendoza sent to Peru,50;Mexico under Philip II,52;Luis de Velasco, second viceroy,53;Martín Cortés, second Marquis of the Valley,53;the adelantados,54;audiencia and diocese of Nueva Galicia,55;the Zacatecas Mines,55;Francisco de Ibarra,55-58; NuevaVizcaya founded,56-58;Querétaro, Guanajuato, and Aguas Calientes,58;San Luis Potosí and Southern Coahuila,59;Tlascaltecan colonies,59;Parras,60;Nuevo León,60;