Whilethe present narrative is based for the most part on more recondite and widely scattered sources, the most accessible volumes relating to the period are the following works of Francis Parkman (Boston: many editions):La Salle and the Discovery of the Great West, Frontenac and New France under Louis XIV, A Half Century of Conflict(2 vols.), andMontcalm and Wolfe(2 vols.). To these should be added, as completing the story, George M. Wrong,The Fall of Canada(Oxford, 1914) which dwells in detail on the last year of the struggle. All these volumes contain adequate references to authorities. The last of Parkman’s works was published more than twenty-five years ago and later research has revised some of his conclusions, but he still commands great authority. InThe Chronicles of Canada(Toronto, 1913-16) half a dozen volumes relate to the period; each of these volumes, which embody later research and are written in an attractive style, contains a bibliography relating to its special subject: C. W. Colby,The Fighting Governor[Frontenac]; Agnes C. Laut,The Adventurers of England on Hudson Bay; Lawrence J. Burpee,The Pathfinders of the Great Plains; Arthur G. Doughty,The Acadian Exiles; William Wood,The Great Fortress[Louisbourg],The Passing of New France, andThe Winning of Canada.Lawrence J. Burpee’sSearch for the Western Sea(Toronto, 1908) deals with the work of La Vérendrye and other explorers. Anthony Hendry’sJournalis published in theTransactions of the Royal Society of Canada,series iii, volume i. The latest phase of the discussions on La Vérendrye are reviewed in an article by Doane Robinson inThe Mississippi Valley Historical Reviewfor December, 1916. The material relating to the discoverer was long scattered, but it has now been collected in a volume, edited by Lawrence J. Burpee for the Champlain Society, Toronto, but owing to the war it is at the present date (1918) still in manuscript. Much of what is contained in Mr. Burpee’s volume will be found inSouth Dakota Historical Collections,volume vii, 1914 (Pierre, S. D.).
Additional references are given in the bibliographies appended to the articles onChatham, Seven Years’ War,andNova ScotiainThe Encyclopœdia Britannica,11th Edition.
Abenaki Indians, incited against English,76.Abercromby, James, General,195-196.Arcadia, settled by French,2; comes into hands of British,56; ceded to England,65; conditions in (1713),74-75; England’s neglect of,75; expulsion of Arcadians,164et seq.; boundaries undefined,169.Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace of (1748),93.Albany, plan to seize,12; colonial delegates meet at, (1754),159-160.Alsace-Lorraine, demanded of France,64.Amherst, Jeffrey, Commander-in-Chief of British forces in America,195,213,214; advances toward Montreal,223; attacks Montreal,228-229; relations with Indians,230.Andros, Sir Edmund,34.Annapolis, attacked by French,79-80; Acadians driven from,175.Annapolis Valley,53.Anne, Queen, ascends throne,45; intrigue in court,56-57; death (1714),67.Anson, George, Admiral,92.Anville, Duc d’,90,91.Argall, Samuel, Captain,2.Assiniboine Indians, accompany La Vérendrye,121,122-123.Assiniboine River,119-120.Auguste, The (ship),133.Austrian Succession, War of (1744-1748),71,92-93,155.
Beauharnois, Marquis de, Governor of Canada,114.Beauséjour, Fort,170,171,172.Belle-Isle, Duc de, French Minister of War,201.Berryer, French Minister of Marine,200-201.Bienville, J. B., le Moyne, Sieur de,104.Big Mouth, Indian,6.Bigot, François, Intendant of Canada,185,203,207,233.Biloxi Bay, fort built on,103.Blackfeet Indians,140-141.Bobé, Father,26.Boscawen, Edward, Admiral,158,163,212,213.Boston, plan to seize,46.Bougainville, L. A. de, Colonel,181-182,199-200,217,230.Bouquet, Henry, Colonel,163.Bourlamaque, Chevalier de,181,191,223.Bow Indians, act as guides to the La Vérendryes,126-128.Braddock, Edward, General,158,159,160.Byng, Admiral,146,210.
Cadet, Head of Canadian supplies department,203.Canada, paternal government in,24-25; war on English colonies,45et seq.; English plans for ending French power in,87-88; corruption in,203-204,207-208; famine in,208; population (1763),234; French Canadians,235-237.Canada and English colonies compared, as to population,35; finances,35-37; leaders,37-38; governors,39; religion,40-41; education,42; books and newspapers,42-43; character of people,78.Canseau, taken by French,79; British arrive at,82.Cape Breton, Island of,65,72,74.Cartier, Jacques,98.Céloron de Blainville,146et seq.Champlain, Samuel de,100.Charles II, becomes King (1660),28; of Catholic faith,30; intrigues with France31; Catholic persecution under,31; death (1685),33.Charlevoix, P. F. X. de,45,104,112.Chautauqua Lake,149.Clarendon, Earl of, Governor of N. J. and N. Y.,39.Cook, James, Captain,216.Cornwallis, Edward,95.Crown Point, French Army at,161; occupied by British,223.
Deerfield Massacre,46-48.Denonville, Marquis de, Governor of Canada,9.Detroit, fort built at,105-106.Dieskau, Baron,158,161,162,179-180.Digby Basin,53.Dinwiddie, Robert, Lieutenant-Governor of Va.,153,154,160.Duchesneau, Jacques, Intendant of Canada,28.Duchambon, Governor of Louisbourg,82,84.Duquesne, Governor of Canada,152.Duquesne, Fort,154,160,163,198.Duvivier,79.
Edgar, The (ship),59,61.Edward, Fort,193,194.England, Protestant,1; attitude toward her colonies,25; under Charles II,28; protection from France,29-30; reduces army,44; war with France,45; success on the sea,92; sends army to Va.,158; relations with colonies,232.Estournel, d’,91.Europe, politics in middle eighteenth century,155-157.
Forbes, John, General,163.France, Catholic,1; treatment of colonies by,24-25; claims in North America,26-27; persecution of Protestants,32-33; failure in war in Europe,64; cedes part of Canada to England,65; fails in plans against English,90-92; lays claim to the West,98et seq.; allies herself to Austria,156-157; sends army to Canada,158; plans invasion of England,201; fails in undertakings of 1759,224; yields everything east of Mississippi,231.Franklin, Benjamin,160.Frontenac, Louis de Buade, Comte de, Governor of Canada, family,3; personal characteristics,3-5; in Canada,4-5; commands against Iroquois,9-12; against English,12-15; deals with Phips’ expedition,18-20; leads against Iroquois,22; death (1698),22.Frontenac, Fort,148,198.Fur trade, government monopoly,40; on Hudson Bay,108,135-136.
George I, becomes King (1714),67; policy towards France,67.George II, demands oath of allegiance from Arcadians,165.Fort George,161.Gibraltar, ceded to England,68.Grand Pré,175-176.
Halifax, founded,94-96,147; importance to British,167; center of activities,212.Harvard College, organized (1638),42.Hayes, Fort,109.Hendry, Anthony,136et seq.,161,240.Henry, Alexander,139-140.Hill, “Jack”, General,57,61.Howe, Captain,171.Howe, Lord,196.Hudson Bay, ceded to England,65; English traders on,108-110; France attacks,109-110.Hudson’s Bay Company,108,135.Huron Indians, allies of French,11; Jesuit Mission to,100.
Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d’,37-38,103,109-110.Indians, pit English against French,6-7; trade with,7-8; Frontenac seeks alliance with,14; French meet at Ste. Marie de Saut,101-102; French gain support of,161; Montcalm’s relations with,183-184; allies of French,187-188,192; Amherst’s discipline of,230-231;see alsonames of tribes.Iroquois Indians, five tribes,8; hostile to French,8-15; village destroyed by Frontenac,22; become British subjects,45; raid on Lachine,48; menace Niagara,105; British claim lands of,151; nervous for their safety,159-160.Isle aux Noix,223.
James II,33-34.Jenkins, Captain,71.Johnson, Sir William,159,161-162.Johnstone, aid-de-camp to Montcalm,220,221.Joliet, Louis,102.Jumonville, Coulon de,154,155.
King George’s War (1743-48), Canseau captured,79; Annapolis attacked,79-80; expedition against Louisbourg,80-87; plan to end French power in America,88; Louisbourg under the English,88-90; France fails to retake Louisbourg,90-93; treaty of peace (1748),93;see alsoAustrian Succession, War of.
Lachine, Massacre at,9,48.La Corne, St. Luc de,135,136,141.La Galissonière, Marquis de, acting Governor of Canada,146.La Jemeraye,118.La Jonquière, Marquis de, Governor of Canada,91,92.La Jonquière, Fort,134,135,138.La Mothe Cadillac, Antoine de,105-106.La Pause, officer under Montcalm,191.La Porte,204.La Potherie, describes council with Indians,11-12.La Reine, Fort,120,121,124,125,133,134.La Salle, Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de,103.Laval University,42.La Vérendrye, P. G. de Varennes, Sieur de,110et seq.,240.La Vérendrye brothers,125-133.Lawrence, Charles, Major,173.Lawrence, Fort,170,171,172.Le Bœuf, Fort,152,153.Le Loutre, Abbe,167et seq.Le Mercier, officer under Montcalm,191.Le Moyne, Charles,37.Lévis, Chevalier de, next Montcalm in command,181; suggested as Montcalm’s successor by Governor,186; at Montreal,223,226; attempts to retake Quebec,227-228; defeat at Montreal,228-229; becomes Marshal of France,233.Lewis and Clark expedition,143.Loudoun, Earl of, Commander-in-Chief of British,193,229.Louis XIV, attitude toward Canada,24-25.Louisbourg, fortress built,72-74; plan for capture of,80-81; conditions in,81-82; siege of,82-85; English in,88-90; treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle restores to France,93; expedition against,193; fall of fortress,195; capture of,213; rendezvous of British fleet,214.Louisiana Purchase,143.