132,164.D’Auret, MadameLeonie, quoted,565.Daw, the, natural history of,292.Dead Sea, description of,99;its phenomena and desolation,100;its basin,101;probable origin, exploration of,102;constituents and character of its waters,105,106.Deane, quoted,20.Delegorgue, quoted,301,302.Delta, the, of the Nile,102.Derrias, the, account of,470.Deserts, the, of France,13-38;England,39-45;of Europe and Asia,46-50;animal life in,51-77;inhabitants of,78-94;deserts of sand,95,96,131,132,133;rainless deserts,96,97,123;of salt,97,98,110;of Persia,97,98;of Arabia,106-117;of Africa,118-134;phenomena of the Deserts,139-148;vegetation in,149-162;animal life in,162-173;fauna of,173,174;inhabitants of,174-185;of Africa,186-205,et passim.Desfontaines, quoted,465.Desmoulins, quoted,558.Desplobado, Desert of,229.De St. Blaize, M., quoted,571-573.De St. Vincent, M. Bory,569.Diard, quoted,288,289.Dima, the, account of,249.Dinotherium, the, described,447.Dioscorea alata,242.Djemel, or Common Camel, the,163-165.Dog-headed Opossum, the, described,372.Dogs, the Prairie, so-called,350-352;wild dogs,313.Dolmens of Brittany, the,20.Doranthes excelsa,280,281.Douc, the, account of,468.Dracæna terminalis,422.Dromedary, the, natural history of,162,163.Dryandra, the, nature and properties of,280.Dryobabanops camphora,418.Dseren, the, described,67.Du Chaillu, quoted,323,481,483.Duck-billed Platypus, the, characters of,374,375.Dunes, or Sand-hills.—SeeSand-hills.D’Urville, Dumont, explorations of,553.Dutch discoveries in Australia,232.Dyer, quoted,44Eagles, adventure with,75-77.Echidna, the, natural history of,373,374.Echinacea purpureas,261.Egagra, the, reference to,67.Egypt, desert of, described,120;soil,152;vegetable life of,152-154;inhabitants of,183,184.Elæis Guinensis,412.Eland, the, natural history of,65,66.Elburz, Mount,592.Eleasine Corocana,242.Eleasine Tocussa,242.Electric Eel, the, its nature and phenomena,364;mode of catching them,365,366.Elephant, the, natural history of,286,450;various species, habitat, mode of march,451;treatment of the young,451,452;mode of entrapping,452-455;elephant hunts in Hindostan and Ceylon,455,456;general characteristics,456-459.Elephant Seal, the,568.El-Kantara, Oases of, described,158,159.Ellis, Rev.William, quoted,427,527.Emerson, R. W., quoted,516.Emu, the, natural history of,375,376;the “Wingless,”377.England, colonial empire of,209.Epacridæ, the, natural history of,277.Ephedra,264.Ephedra alata,148.Epicea, the, described,599.Equatorial Africa, expedition in, by Burton and Speke,201;Barth and Denham,203,204.Erica Cavendishiana,255.Eriocaulons, the, description of,262.Eriodendron Samaüma,388.Erosion, Desert of, its physical features,128,131.Eskimos, or Esquimaux, the, in Arctic America, their appearance, character, habits, and manners,578.Etna, mount, description of,590;physical character of,591.Eucalyptic, or gum-trees of Australia, described,279,280.Euhydra tribus,564,565.Euphorbiaceæ, the, description of,248,254.Europe, invasions of, by Asiatic tribes,79.Falls of the Zambesi, described,198,201.Felinska, Madame, quoted,575.Fen country of England, the, described,41;extent of,42;ancient aspect,42;modern landscapes, oases, drainage,43,44;present productiveness,44;general character,45.Fennec, the, characteristics of,314,315.Ficus Indica, or Banyan-tree,404,405;of the Indian Archipelago,412.Fish Hawk, the, described,356.Fishing Eagle, the, described,355,356.Flamingo, the, description of,320;habits of,321;varieties of,353.Flax, Australian, its properties,276.Fletcher, quoted,24.Flying Squirrel, the, natural history of,500,501.Fontainebleau, forest of, described,17.Forbes, Professor, quoted,573.Forest, a petrified, account of,117.Forests, their general features,379,380;botany of,380;influence of, on temperature, and properties,383,384;in Europe and Asia,384;in America,385-389;flora of,389-394.—SeeWoods.Forgues, M., quoted,98,99.Fox squirrel, the, natural history of,500.Foxes, the Polar, characteristics of,565.France, deserts of, described,13,14;mountains of,14-17;forests of,17;marshes,17,18.Fromentin, M., quoted,132.Gallago, the, account of,491.Gamboge, Indian, its uses,415,416.Gangeticus Crocodilus,323.Gariep river, the, in South Africa,191.Gascony, characteristics of the Llandes of,24,27-29;its sand-hills,35,36.Gavial, the, natural history of,323.Gazella Sœmmeringii,169.Gazelles of the Steppes, description of the,169.Genets, the, natural history of,316.Gentian, the yellow, described,599.Gervais, M. Paul, quoted,371-373,466.Ghauts, mountain-range of the, in Hindostan,595.Ghonds, cannibalism amongst the,511.Gibbon, the historian, quoted,178,179.Gibbon-Lar, the,478.Gibbon Monkey, the, character of,470;habitat, and natural history of,477;various species of,477-479.Gibbon-Siamang, the,477.Gipsies, the, their habitats,84;their various names, and immigration into Europe,85;peculiarities of,86;in Russia,87.Giraffe, the, natural history of,293,294.Glutton, the Arctic, described,563.Gneiss mountains, characteristics of,585,586.Gnu, the, natural history of,294,295.Goat, the Wild, described,67,607.Goats’ Serpent, the, account of,326,327.Gobi, desert of, its physical features,97;plateau of,47.Goethe, quoted,190.Goose, the Cerefaced, described,376.Gorilla, the, natural history of,481-486;its appearance and habits,482,483;mode of hunting,484.Gossypium, the, account of,407.Gould, quoted,371.Grallatores, the African, characters of,321.Gramineæ, the, family of,437.Granite, structure of,585.Grasses of the American Steppes,267.Gray, Dr., quoted,291.Gray Squirrel, the, account of,499,500.Great Karoo, the, described,188.Green Climber, the, account of,327.Grey, SirGeorge, quoted,376.Grisly Bear, the, habits and physiology of,610.Guacho of the Pampas, the,230,231.Guaiacum, its properties,264.Guaranis, the, manners and customs of,538,539.Guatemala, flora of,266.Guépard, the, natural history of,310.Guiana, savannahs of,245,246.Guinea corn, its properties,242.Guinea palm, the, character of,413.Guinea pepper, nature of,246.Gulo Arcticus,563.Gymnoti, the,364.—SeeElectric Eel.Gynerium saccharoides,273.Haliætus Leucocephalus,355.Hare, the Arctic,561.Hare, the Varying,67.Harpy Eagle, the, natural history of,355.Harris, Major, quoted,472.Heather-cock, the, described,75.Hectia Pitcairniæfolia,279.Helichrysum fruticosum,255.Hell, MadameHommaire de, quoted,50,58,61,62,63,81,84.Helps, Arthur, quoted,508,515,516.Hemionus, or Wild Horse, the, natural history of,290,291.Hemippus, or Wild Mare, the, natural history of,291.Henna plant, the, properties of,410.Heron of the Steppes, the, described,72;species of,72.Herschell, SirJohn, quoted,589.HerveandLanoye, MM., quoted,543,549.Himalaya Mountains, configuration, structure, and vegetation of,593;glaciers of,594;cedars and rhododendrons of,604,605;flora of,605.Hindostan, flora of,398-401.Hindu reverence for the banyan,405.Hippopotamus, the, natural history of,286,287;adventure with,288.Homer, quoted,49,146.Honey-guide, the, why so called,317.Honeysuckle, the Arctic, described,556.Hooker, Dr.Joseph, quoted,593,603.Hops, the African, description of,298,299.Horace, quoted,193.Horeb, Mount, description of,112.Horse, the, in America,350.Horse, the Wild, description of,290.Hottentots, the, character of,521.Howling Monkey, physiology of the,488,489.Huanacu, the, uses of,335.Huc, the Abbé, quoted,69,70,75,76,77.Hudson’s Bay, account of,546.Humboldt, A. von, quoted,48,49,78,226,268,350,359,389,439,469,555.Hungary, mountain system of,592.Hurricane in the Steppes, account of,230.Hyæna of the Cape, the, natural history of,313.Hyæna villosa,313.Hydrochærus capybara,341.Hydrophis, the, account of,378.Hylobates cinereus,479.Hylobates leuciscus,478.Hylobates syndactylus,477,478.Hyperborean races, the, their manners, customs, and characteristics,570,571.Ibis, the, natural history of,321.Ice-fields, their aspect,552.Ice-mountains, features of,551.Ichneumon, the, natural history of,316.Ignatia amara,440.Immortelle, the, characteristics of,255.India, palms of, their physiology,401,402.Indian millet, uses of,242.Indian oak, its properties,406.Indians of North America, their history and character,532-534.Indigo, nature and properties of,246,407.Indigofera tinctoria,245.Ipo-antiar, the, its nature and properties,416,417.Iron Bark Tree, the, uses of,279,280.Iron Mountains, the, vegetation of,260,262.Isonandra-Percha, the, its nature,418.Jacana, the, characteristics of,321.Jaguar, the, natural history of,350.Jalapa officinalis,439.Janin, Jules, quoted,18.Jatropha manihot,242.Java, vegetable life in,418,421.Jebel-Gaouss, reference to the,128.Jebel-Tougour, reference to the,127.Jephson, quoted,20.Jerbilla, the, natural history of,170,171.Jerboa, the, natural history of,170.Jocko, the, of Buffon,479.Jomard, M., quoted,147.Jordan, valley of the, its physical features,101,102.Kabara, the port of,204.Kaffirs, the, character of,520,521.Kaffraria, physical features of,191;flora of,252-256.Kalihari Desert, physical features of,191-193;flora of,256,257.Kalmüks, the, ethnology, religion, character, customs of,83,84.Kamtschatdales, the, physical features of,577.Kamtschatka, mountains of,595.Kanaks, the,532.Kandelung valley, the, account of,196,197.Kangaroo, the Great, physical character, habits, and manners of,368,369.Karroos of South Africa, the,188,191.Keats, quoted,196.Kenia, Mount, in Equatorial Africa,597.Kerman, Desert of,97,98.Khaya Senegalensis,410.Khirgiz, the, races of,87,88;customs, dwellings, attire,89,90,91;character and mode of life,91.Kilimandjaro, Mount, in Equatorial Africa,597.Kina-balu, Mount, in Africa,596.Kingsley, Rev.Charles, quoted,42.Kite, the Black, reference to,75.Kong Mountains, the, in Africa,596.Kooloo-Kamba, the,481.Koragum, the, described,71.Koran, reference to the,177.Kordofan, physical features of,247.Korosko, Desert of, its physical features,121,122.Korsak, the, described,71.Kuen-lun Mountains, the, in Asia,595.Lacerta crocodilus,322.Lagomys, the, natural history of,561,562.Landor, W. S., quoted,282.Lanoye, F. de, quoted,398,401.Laorty-Hadji, Father, quoted,101,102.Laplanders, the, their character, occupation, mode of life, cradles, huts, and general characters,571-573.Latham, Dr., quoted,93.Lauraceæ, the, family of, described,407.Laurus cinnamomum,414.Lauture, ComteEscayrac de, quoted,146,147.Lavatera plebeia,276.Lawsonia inermis,410.Lebanon, mountains of,595.Lecythis ollaria,434.Leeba river, the,197,198;flora of,257,258.Leguminosæ, the, family of, described,277.Leopard, the, natural history and anecdotes of,303-305.Lepus variabilis,67.Liana tieuté, described,417.Lichen esculentus,173,174.Lignum vitæ,264.Limoniastrum Guyanianum,149.Linnæus(Linne), quoted,428,463,471,491.Linum marginale,276.Lion, the, natural history of,300;old fables respecting,300;habits of,301;general characters of,303.Livingstone, Dr., quoted,