192,195,197,198,256,257,298,299,302,303,325,326.Llama, the, natural history of,333;anecdotes respecting,337.Llaneros, the, account of,220.Llano-Estacado, the,219.Llanora, flora of,266,267.Llanos, the.—SeePampas.Lobata, plains of,197.Loganiaceæ, the, family of, described,417.Longfellow, quoted,42,128,385,600.Lorinthaceæ, family of, described,251.Loris, the, natural history of,491.Lucan, quoted,165.Lund, Dr., quoted,496.Lupata Mountains, in Africa,191.Lyon, Captain, quoted,566.Maca, the, account of,229.Macropus giganteus,368,369.Madagascar, flora of,424-428.Mahari, the, natural history of,163,164.Mahogany Tree, the, account of,410.Maïs del Agua,270.Makis, the, habits of,492,493.Malabar Squirrel, the, natural history of,500.Malays, the, character and habits of,526,527.Mamanchota, Organ Mountain of,587.Mammoth, the, natural history of,448-450.Man, supposed analogy between the Ape and,471;early history of,515.Manchineal, the, nature and qualities of,427,440.Mandinké, the, tribe of,518.Mandrill, the, described,469.Mangrove tree, the, physiology of,411,412,442.Manioc, the, properties of,242.Manna plant, particulars of,173.Mant, Bishop, quoted,72-75.Mara, the, reference to,342.Marmot, the Alpine, account of,608,609.Marquesas Islands, the, inhabitants of,529,530.Marsupials, their physiology and characteristics,367.—SeeKangaroo,Phalanga,Phascolarctos,Thylacyni.Martagon, the, described,599.Martens of the North, the, account of,562,563.Martin, SirRoger, his exploits as a tiger-killer,310.Martins, M. Charles, quoted,124,127,131,132,133,136,138,154,601,602.Massaranduba, the, described,388,435.Mastodon, the, particulars of,447,448.Mauritia Palm, the, uses and importance of,268.Maury, Captain, quoted,526,532,533,534,586.Mauvaises Terres, in Nebraska, description of the,212.Mediterranean, the,542.Mekran, Desert of,98.Melantha punctuata,150,154,161,601,602.Mesembryanthema described,253,257.Mexico, Pampas of,219;Savage Man in,537.Michelet, quoted,321,322.Milton, the poet, quoted,100,197,265,393.Milton, Lord, and Dr.Cheadle, quoted,385,386.Milvus ater,75.—SeeKite.Minizan, destruction of,38.Minosa, the, account of,268.Mint, Australian, described,276.Mirage, the, description of,143;its effects and origin,144,145;explanation of,146;characteristics of,147,148.Mohammed, reference to,178.Mollugo cerviana,253.Moluccas, Flora of the,421.Mongolia, its position, history, present condition, ruined cities,92;religion, races, and physical characteristics,93,94.Mongolian family, the, offshoots of,175.—SeeArabs,Shemites.Monkey, the, of the Old World,468;of South America,468,488.—SeeChacma,Derrias,Douc,Mandrill,Howling Monkey,Preacher Monkey,Red Monkey,Spotted Monkey.Monodora myristica,246.Monostremata, the, natural history of,373-375.—SeeEchidna.Montoir, marshes of,17,18.Moore, quoted,98,136,143,155,156.Morin, quoted,203.Mossamedes, gardens of,251.Mosses, Arctic, properties of,556.Moufflon, the, description of,606.Mount Despair,238.Mountains, the, atmosphere of,582,583;distribution and configuration of,585;constituents of,585,586;of Europe,588,592,597,598;of Asia,593-596;of Africa,596,597;vegetable and animal life of,598-614.Mourad, Desert of,127.Mpongwes, the, account of,518.Mulhaçen, Peak of, in the Pyrenees,591.Müller, Max, quoted,79,88,92.Murray, C. A., quoted,351,352,360.Murray, the river,235.Musa, ensete,249.Musimon argali,606.Musimon montanus,606.Musk-deer, the,608.Musk-ox, the,557,558.Mustelidæ, the, natural history of,317.Mycetes Beelzebub,468,469.Mycetes strumineus,468.Myosotis, the,601.Myrmecophaga piliata,346-348.Myrsine variabilis,277.Nadjed, table-land of,111.Nandau, the, account of,353.Nanguer (Gazelle), the, described,169.Narsilia macropus,276,277.Nasalis larvatus,468.Natal, coast of,191.Nature, the study of,428,429.Negro Cynopithecus, the, described,467.Negro, the, habitat of,516,517;his physical peculiarities,517;in Africa,517-521;in Australia,522.Nelumbium calophyllum,259,262.Nepenthes distillatoria(or Pitcher Plant), the, described,421.New Holland, rivers of,232.Ngami, Lake, in Central Africa,194;flora of,257.Nieuveld Bergen, in South Africa,187,597.Niger, the, delta of,193; valley of,204.Nigritia, vegetation of,246,247.Nile, river, fecundity of,118,152;struggle between it and the Desert,118;mountains of,119;scenery of the valley of,120;sources of the,203;valley of,152.Nipa fructicans,418.North America, superiority of, over South America,209;Deserts of,210.—SeePrairies.Noukahiva, islanders of,530-532.Nova Zembla, described,550.Nshiégo-Mbouvé, the, account of,481.Nubia, women of,184,185.Nuphar lutea,263.Nutmeg, the Calebash, account of,246.Nux Vomica, its properties,417.N’yanyizi-Nyassa, lake in Central Africa,201.Nylghau, the, description of,295.Oases of the Sahara,128;their formation,154;vegetable life of the,155-157;of El-Kantara, described,158,159;of Ouargla,159,160;springs of,161;precarious conditions of the existence of161,162.Œnothera macrocarpa,261.Œstre, the,558,561.Ombai, inhabitants of,528,529.Onagra, the, natural history of,291;description of,56;properties and uses,56-58.Ophidia, the, physiology and characteristics of,224,325.Oplismenus colonus,242.Opuntia frutescens,266.Orang-Outang, habitat of,472;description of,473;habits of,473,474;general details,474-476.Organ Mountains of Brazil, described,587.Orinoco, the river,220,223.Oriza sativa, its properties,242.Ostiaks, the, described,575;priests and worship of,575;mode of hunting of,576.Ostrich, the, natural history of,317;anecdotes of,318;American species of,353.Otter of Kamtschatka, the, described,564.Ouaregla, oasis of, described,159,160.Ouistitis, the, account of,490,491.Ourmiah, or Urumiyeh, Salt Lake of,111.Ox, the, in America,330.Paca, the, natural history of,341,342.Pachydermata, the, characteristics of,285,286.Palisades of the Hudson,587;of the Rocky Mountains,588.Palliser, Captain, his expedition of discovery,385.Palmaceæ, the, physiology of the family of,408.Palm Moriche, the, described,268,269.Palm tree, in Egypt,152;growth of, in oases,156;properties and uses of the fruit,157;general details,401,402.Pampas, the, description of,219,220;inhabitants,220;area and physical aspects,220-231.Pampas grass, the, uses of,273.Pampas Indians, the, characteristics of,539,540.Pampero, the, phenomenon of,230.Pandarus candelabrum,245.Panther, the, natural history of,303.Papaw tree, the, character of,442.Papuans, the, their manners and customs,524,525.Paradoxures, the, described,316,317.Paraguay river, the,201.Pariah Dog of India, described,315.Parkyns, Mansfield, quoted,249,462.Parry, Captain, expedition of,580.Partux picta,295.Pashiúba tree, the, account of,388,389,446.Pasom, the, described,295.Passiflora, the, order of,439.Patagonia, Pampas of, their physical aspect,227,228,273;vegetable life in the,258-266.Patagonians, character of the,540.Paullinia pinnata,439.Peccary of America, its natural history,330.Pecherais, the, their habits,542.Pelican, the, natural history of,74,75.Pennant, quoted,307.Pennicellaria spicata,242.Pennisetum fasciculare,275.Pernambuco, Pampas of, described,219,226.Perris, M., quoted,37.Peru, conquest of,206,209;plains of,267,268.Petrogale brachiotis,375.Petrogale penicillata,375.Phacocœrus, the, natural history of,289,290.Phalanga, the, account of,371.Phascolarctos, the, described,370.Phascolomys (or Wombat), the, introduced into Europe,369;discovery of,370;description of,371.Philippine Islands, the, vegetable life in,423.Phlox, the, character of,261.Picakolou, the, natural history of,325,326.Pimelia axiflora,277.Pine Barrens of Mexico, the, description of,215,216.Pine of New Caledonia, the,424.Pipa, the, account of,363.Piper nigrum,245.Pirates of the Desert,175.Pistacia lentiscus,148.Pistacia terebinthus,148.Pistia spatulata,264.Poa Abyssinica,142.Polar Regions, the, extent and area of,544,545;of America, described,545;of Asia,549,550;of Europe,550,551;discoveries in,551-555;animal and vegetable life in,555-568;characters of the inhabitants of,569-579.Polecat, the Arctic, described,563.Polynesia, cannibalism in,513;inhabitants of, their manners and customs,528-532.Pope, the poet, quoted,151,509.Porcupine Ant-Eater, the, natural history of,373,374.Porphyry, mountains of,586.Portuguese, discoveries of the, in the Terra Australis,231,232.Pott, Professor, quoted,86.Prairies of North America, description of the,211-215;of Central America,216-219;vegetable life in the,258-266.Preacher Monkey, the, described,468.Primeval Forests, the, characters of,385,386.Pringle, quoted,194.Proboscideæ, the, physiology of,447,448.Protaceæ, the, account of,256.Proteles Lalandii,313,314.Protococcus nivalis,601.Psamma arenaria,31.Pteris caudata,271.Pteromys splendens,501.Pteromys volans,501.Pteromys volucella,501.Ptolemæus, reference to,151.Pudonta gigas,345.Puff Adder, the, characters of,326,327.Puma, the, natural history of,348,349.Pyrenees, the, description of,591.Pythecus lar,478.Python Mouse, the, described,325.Python of Sunda, the, described,325.Quagga, the, natural history of,291,292.Quango, the, valley of,258.Quarterly Review, quoted,188.Quichuas, the, manners and habits of,540,541.Quicksands in Arabia, described,110,111.Quinquina, the, properties of,441.Race, influence of, on the world’s history,515,516.Races of the Desert, their characteristics,174-185.Radiquet, M. Max, quoted,530,531.Rafflesia Arnoldi, discovery of,417;description of,418.Rain in the Sahara,155.Ratellus mellivorus,317.Rattlesnake, the, physiology of,359-361.Ravenala Madagascariensis, the, account of,427.Reach, Angus, quoted,29,35.Red Monkey, the, peculiarities of,469.Red Skins, the, ancient distribution of,534;false romance with which they have been invested,534,535;various races of,535,536;physical peculiarities of,536.Reinaondaban, the, account of,210.Reindeer, the, natural history of,558-561.Renan, M., quoted,176.Rennie, John, reference to,44.Retama Duriæi,148.Rhinoceros, the, physiology of,459,460;its habitats,460;the Indian species of,460;Javanese,460,461;African,461,462;adventure with a,462.Rhizophora mangle,411.Rhus toxicodendrum,259.Richardson, Sir J., quoted,211,561.Rocellæ, the, nature and properties of,251.Rocky Mountains of North America, the,210,211.Rodentia, family of the, described,169.Roebuck of Tartary, the, described,65.Roggeveld Bergen, the, in South Africa,187.Rose, Cooper, quoted,462.Rose of Jericho, the, described,149.Ross, SirJames, quoted,556,561;Arctic discoveries of,554,555.Rowe, Rev. J., quoted,40.Rowe, Nathaniel, quoted,300.Ruskin, J., quoted,383,384,579.