Deca-(in words of Greek derivation), ten; asDecagynous, with 10 pistils or styles,Decamerous, of 10 parts,Decandrous, with 10 stamens, &c.Deciduous, falling off, or subject to fall; said of leaves which fall in autumn, and of a calyx and corolla which fall before the fruit forms.Declinate,declined, turned to one side, or downwards.Decompound, several times compounded or divided,59.Decumbent, reclined on the ground, the summit tending to rise,39.Decurrent(leaves), prolonged on the stem beneath the insertion, as in Thistles.Decussate, arranged in pairs which successively cross each other,71.Deduplication, same as chorisis.Definite, when of a uniform number, and not above twelve or so.Definite Inflorescence,72.Deflexed, bent downwards.Deflorate, past the flowering state, as an anther after it has discharged its pollen.Dehiscence, the regular splitting open of capsule or anther,103,119.Dehiscent, opening by regular dehiscence,119,123.Deliquescent, branching off so that the stem is lost in the branches,32.Deltoid, of a triangular shape, like the Greek capital Δ.Demersed, growing below the surface of water.Dendroid,Dendritic, tree-like in form or appearance.Dendron, Greek for tree.Deni, ten together.Dens, Latin for tooth.Dentate, toothed,55.Denticulate, furnished with denticulations, or little teeth.Depauperate, impoverished or starved, and so below the natural size.Depressed, flattened or as if pressed down from above.Derma, Greek for skin.Descending, tending gradually downwards.Descending axis, the root.Desmos, Greek for things connected or bound together.Determinate Inflorescence,72.Dextrorse, turned to the right hand.Di- Dis(in Greek compounds) two, asDiadelphous(stamens), united by their filaments in two sets,99.Diagnosis, a short distinguishing character or descriptive phrase.Dialypetalous, same as polypetalous.Diandrous, having two stamens, &c.Diaphanous, transparent or translucent.Dicarpellary, of two carpels.Dichlamydeous(flower), having both calyx and corolla.Dichogamous,Dichogamy,116.Dichotomous, two-forked.Diclinous, having the stamens in one flower, the pistils in another,85.Dicoccous(fruit), splitting into twococcior closed carpels.Dicotyls,23.Dicotyledonous(embryo), having a pair of cotyledons,23.Dicotyledonous Plants,23,182.Didymous, twin.Didynamous(stamens), having four stamens in two pairs,100.Diffuse, spreading widely and irregularly.Digitate(fingered), where the leaflets of a compound leaf are all borne on the apex of the petiole,58.Digynous(flower), having two pistils or styles,105.Dimerous, made up of two parts, or its organs in twos.Dimidiate, halved; as where a leaf or leaflet has only one side developed.Dimorphism,117.Dimorphous,Dimorphic, of two forms,117.Diœcious, orDioicous, with stamens and pistils on different plants,85.Dipetalous, of two petals.Diphyllous, two-leaved.Dipterous, two-winged.Diplo-, Greek for double, asDiplostemonous, with two sets of stamens.DisciformorDisk-shaped, flat and circular, like a disk or quoit.Discoidal, orDiscoid, belonging to or like a disk.Discolor, of two different colors or hues.Discrete, separate, opposite of concrete.Disepalous, of two sepals.Disk, the face of any flat body; the central part of a head of flowers, like the Sunflower, or Coreopsis, as opposed to the ray or margin; a fleshy expansion of the receptacle of a flower,113.Disk-flowers, those of the disk in Compositæ.Dissected, cut deeply into many lobes or divisions.Dissepiments, the partitions of a compound ovary or a fruit,108.Dissilient, bursting in pieces.Distichous, two-ranked.Distinct, uncombined with each other,95.Dithecous, of two thecæ or anther-cells.Divaricate, straddling; very widely divergent.Divided(leaves, &c.), cut into divisions down to the base or midrib,55.Dodeca, Greek for twelve; asDodecagynous, with twelve pistils or styles,Dodecandrous, with twelve stamens.Dodrans, span-long.Dolabriform, axe-shaped.Dorsal, pertaining to the back (dorsum) of an organ.Dorsal Suture,106.Dotted Ducts,148.Double Flowers, where the petals are multiplied unduly,79.Downy, clothed with a coat of soft and short hairs.Drupaceous, like or pertaining to a drupe.Drupe, a stone-fruit,120.DrupeletorDrupel, a little drupe.Ducts, the so-called vessels of plants,134.Dumose, bushy, or relating to bushes.Duramen, the heart-wood,142.Dwarf, remarkably low in stature.
Deca-(in words of Greek derivation), ten; as
Decagynous, with 10 pistils or styles,Decamerous, of 10 parts,Decandrous, with 10 stamens, &c.
Deciduous, falling off, or subject to fall; said of leaves which fall in autumn, and of a calyx and corolla which fall before the fruit forms.
Declinate,declined, turned to one side, or downwards.
Decompound, several times compounded or divided,59.
Decumbent, reclined on the ground, the summit tending to rise,39.
Decurrent(leaves), prolonged on the stem beneath the insertion, as in Thistles.
Decussate, arranged in pairs which successively cross each other,71.
Deduplication, same as chorisis.
Definite, when of a uniform number, and not above twelve or so.
Definite Inflorescence,72.
Deflexed, bent downwards.
Deflorate, past the flowering state, as an anther after it has discharged its pollen.
Dehiscence, the regular splitting open of capsule or anther,103,119.
Dehiscent, opening by regular dehiscence,119,123.
Deliquescent, branching off so that the stem is lost in the branches,32.
Deltoid, of a triangular shape, like the Greek capital Δ.
Demersed, growing below the surface of water.
Dendroid,Dendritic, tree-like in form or appearance.
Dendron, Greek for tree.
Deni, ten together.
Dens, Latin for tooth.
Dentate, toothed,55.Denticulate, furnished with denticulations, or little teeth.
Depauperate, impoverished or starved, and so below the natural size.
Depressed, flattened or as if pressed down from above.
Derma, Greek for skin.
Descending, tending gradually downwards.Descending axis, the root.
Desmos, Greek for things connected or bound together.
Determinate Inflorescence,72.
Dextrorse, turned to the right hand.
Di- Dis(in Greek compounds) two, as
Diadelphous(stamens), united by their filaments in two sets,99.
Diagnosis, a short distinguishing character or descriptive phrase.
Dialypetalous, same as polypetalous.
Diandrous, having two stamens, &c.
Diaphanous, transparent or translucent.
Dicarpellary, of two carpels.
Dichlamydeous(flower), having both calyx and corolla.
Dichogamous,Dichogamy,116.
Dichotomous, two-forked.
Diclinous, having the stamens in one flower, the pistils in another,85.
Dicoccous(fruit), splitting into twococcior closed carpels.
Dicotyls,23.
Dicotyledonous(embryo), having a pair of cotyledons,23.Dicotyledonous Plants,23,182.
Didymous, twin.
Didynamous(stamens), having four stamens in two pairs,100.
Diffuse, spreading widely and irregularly.
Digitate(fingered), where the leaflets of a compound leaf are all borne on the apex of the petiole,58.
Digynous(flower), having two pistils or styles,105.
Dimerous, made up of two parts, or its organs in twos.
Dimidiate, halved; as where a leaf or leaflet has only one side developed.
Dimorphism,117.Dimorphous,Dimorphic, of two forms,117.
Diœcious, orDioicous, with stamens and pistils on different plants,85.
Dipetalous, of two petals.
Diphyllous, two-leaved.
Dipterous, two-winged.
Diplo-, Greek for double, asDiplostemonous, with two sets of stamens.
DisciformorDisk-shaped, flat and circular, like a disk or quoit.
Discoidal, orDiscoid, belonging to or like a disk.
Discolor, of two different colors or hues.
Discrete, separate, opposite of concrete.
Disepalous, of two sepals.
Disk, the face of any flat body; the central part of a head of flowers, like the Sunflower, or Coreopsis, as opposed to the ray or margin; a fleshy expansion of the receptacle of a flower,113.
Disk-flowers, those of the disk in Compositæ.
Dissected, cut deeply into many lobes or divisions.
Dissepiments, the partitions of a compound ovary or a fruit,108.
Dissilient, bursting in pieces.
Distichous, two-ranked.
Distinct, uncombined with each other,95.
Dithecous, of two thecæ or anther-cells.
Divaricate, straddling; very widely divergent.
Divided(leaves, &c.), cut into divisions down to the base or midrib,55.
Dodeca, Greek for twelve; asDodecagynous, with twelve pistils or styles,Dodecandrous, with twelve stamens.
Dodrans, span-long.
Dolabriform, axe-shaped.
Dorsal, pertaining to the back (dorsum) of an organ.Dorsal Suture,106.
Dotted Ducts,148.
Double Flowers, where the petals are multiplied unduly,79.
Downy, clothed with a coat of soft and short hairs.
Drupaceous, like or pertaining to a drupe.
Drupe, a stone-fruit,120.DrupeletorDrupel, a little drupe.
Ducts, the so-called vessels of plants,134.
Dumose, bushy, or relating to bushes.
Duramen, the heart-wood,142.
Dwarf, remarkably low in stature.
E-, as a prefix of Latin compound words, means destitute of; asecostate, without a rib or midrib;exalbuminous, without albumen, &c.Eared, seeauriculate,53.Ebracteate, destitute of bracts.Ebracteolate, destitute of bractlets.Eburneous, ivory-white.Echinate, armed with prickles (like a hedgehog).Echinulate, a diminutive of it.Edentate, toothless.Effete, past bearing, &c.; said of anthers which have discharged their pollen.Effuse, very loosely branched and spreading.Eglandulose, destitute of glands.Elaters, threads mixed with the spores of Liverworts,165.Ellipsoidal, approaching an elliptical figure.Elliptical, oval or oblong, with the ends regularly rounded,52.Emarginate, notched at the summit,54.Embryo, the rudimentary plantlet in a seed,11,127.Embryonal, belonging or relating to the embryo.Embryo-sac,117.Emersed, raised out of water.Endecagynous, with eleven pistils or styles.Endecandrous, with eleven stamens.Endemic, peculiar to the country geographically.Endocarp, the inner layer of a pericarp or fruit,120.Endochrome, the coloring matter of Algæ and the like.Endogenous Stems,138.Endogenous plants, an old name for monocotyledons.Endopleura, inner seed-coat.Endorhizal, radicle or root sheathed in germination.Endosperm, the albumen of a seed,21.Endostome, the orifice in the inner coat of an ovule.Ennea-, nine.Enneagynous, with nine petals or styles.Enneandrous, nine-stamened.Ensate,Ensiform, sword-shaped.Entire, the margins not at all toothed, notched, or divided, but even,55.Entomophilous, said of flowers frequented and fertilized by insects,113.Ephemeral, lasting for a day or less, as the corolla of Purslane, &c.Epi-, Greek for upon.Epicalyx, such an involucel as that of Malvaceæ.Epicarp, the outermost layer of a fruit,120.Epidermal, relating to theEpidermis, or skin of a plant,50,141,143.Epigæous, growing on the earth, or close to the ground.Epigynous, upon the ovary,95,99.Epipetalous, borne on the petals or the corolla,99.Epiphyllous, borne on a leaf.Epiphyte, a plant growing on another plant, but not nourished by it,36.EpiphyticorEpiphytal, relating toEpiphytes.Epipterous, winged at top.Episperm, the skin or coat of a seed, especially the outer coat.Equal, alike in number or length.Equally pinnate, same as abruptly pinnate,57.Equitant(riding straddle),60.Erion, Greek for wool.Erianthous, woolly-flowered.Eriophorous, wool-bearing, &c.Erose, eroded, as if gnawed.Erostrate, not beaked.Erythros, Greek for red.Erythrocarpous, red-fruited, &c.Essential Organsof the flower,80.Estivation, seeæstivation.Etiolated, blanched by excluding the light, as the stalks of Celery.Eu, Greek prefix, meaning very, or much.Evergreen, holding the leaves over winter and until new ones appear, or longer.Ex, Latin prefix; privative in place of "e" when next letter is a vowel. SoExalate, wingless;Exalbuminous(seed), without albumen,21.Excurrent, running out, as when a midrib projects beyond the apex of a leaf, or a trunk is continued to the very top of a tree,32.Exiguous, puny.Exilis, lank or meagre.Eximius, distinguished for size or beauty.Exo-, in Greek compounds, outward, as inExocarp, outer layer of a pericarp,120.Exogenous, outward growing.Exogenous stems,139.Exorhizal, radicle in germination not sheathed.Exostome, the orifice in the outer coat of the ovule.Explanate, spread or flattened out.Exserted, protruding out of, as the stamens out of the corolla.Exstipulate, destitute of stipules.Extine, outer coat of a pollen-grain.Extra-axillary, said of a branch or bud somewhat out of the axil,31.Extrorse, turned outwards; the anther is extrorse when fastened to the filament on the side next the pistil, and opening on the outer side,101.
E-, as a prefix of Latin compound words, means destitute of; asecostate, without a rib or midrib;exalbuminous, without albumen, &c.
Eared, seeauriculate,53.
Ebracteate, destitute of bracts.Ebracteolate, destitute of bractlets.
Eburneous, ivory-white.
Echinate, armed with prickles (like a hedgehog).Echinulate, a diminutive of it.
Edentate, toothless.
Effete, past bearing, &c.; said of anthers which have discharged their pollen.
Effuse, very loosely branched and spreading.
Eglandulose, destitute of glands.
Elaters, threads mixed with the spores of Liverworts,165.
Ellipsoidal, approaching an elliptical figure.
Elliptical, oval or oblong, with the ends regularly rounded,52.
Emarginate, notched at the summit,54.
Embryo, the rudimentary plantlet in a seed,11,127.
Embryonal, belonging or relating to the embryo.
Embryo-sac,117.
Emersed, raised out of water.
Endecagynous, with eleven pistils or styles.
Endecandrous, with eleven stamens.
Endemic, peculiar to the country geographically.
Endocarp, the inner layer of a pericarp or fruit,120.
Endochrome, the coloring matter of Algæ and the like.
Endogenous Stems,138.Endogenous plants, an old name for monocotyledons.
Endopleura, inner seed-coat.
Endorhizal, radicle or root sheathed in germination.
Endosperm, the albumen of a seed,21.
Endostome, the orifice in the inner coat of an ovule.
Ennea-, nine.Enneagynous, with nine petals or styles.Enneandrous, nine-stamened.
Ensate,Ensiform, sword-shaped.
Entire, the margins not at all toothed, notched, or divided, but even,55.
Entomophilous, said of flowers frequented and fertilized by insects,113.
Ephemeral, lasting for a day or less, as the corolla of Purslane, &c.
Epi-, Greek for upon.
Epicalyx, such an involucel as that of Malvaceæ.
Epicarp, the outermost layer of a fruit,120.
Epidermal, relating to theEpidermis, or skin of a plant,50,141,143.
Epigæous, growing on the earth, or close to the ground.
Epigynous, upon the ovary,95,99.
Epipetalous, borne on the petals or the corolla,99.
Epiphyllous, borne on a leaf.
Epiphyte, a plant growing on another plant, but not nourished by it,36.
EpiphyticorEpiphytal, relating toEpiphytes.
Epipterous, winged at top.
Episperm, the skin or coat of a seed, especially the outer coat.
Equal, alike in number or length.
Equally pinnate, same as abruptly pinnate,57.
Equitant(riding straddle),60.
Erion, Greek for wool.Erianthous, woolly-flowered.Eriophorous, wool-bearing, &c.
Erose, eroded, as if gnawed.
Erostrate, not beaked.
Erythros, Greek for red.Erythrocarpous, red-fruited, &c.
Essential Organsof the flower,80.
Estivation, seeæstivation.
Etiolated, blanched by excluding the light, as the stalks of Celery.
Eu, Greek prefix, meaning very, or much.
Evergreen, holding the leaves over winter and until new ones appear, or longer.
Ex, Latin prefix; privative in place of "e" when next letter is a vowel. SoExalate, wingless;Exalbuminous(seed), without albumen,21.
Excurrent, running out, as when a midrib projects beyond the apex of a leaf, or a trunk is continued to the very top of a tree,32.
Exiguous, puny.
Exilis, lank or meagre.
Eximius, distinguished for size or beauty.
Exo-, in Greek compounds, outward, as in
Exocarp, outer layer of a pericarp,120.
Exogenous, outward growing.Exogenous stems,139.
Exorhizal, radicle in germination not sheathed.
Exostome, the orifice in the outer coat of the ovule.
Explanate, spread or flattened out.
Exserted, protruding out of, as the stamens out of the corolla.
Exstipulate, destitute of stipules.
Extine, outer coat of a pollen-grain.
Extra-axillary, said of a branch or bud somewhat out of the axil,31.
Extrorse, turned outwards; the anther is extrorse when fastened to the filament on the side next the pistil, and opening on the outer side,101.
Falcate, scythe-shaped; a flat body curved, its edges parallel.False Racemes,78.Family, in botany same as Order,177.Farina, meal or starchy matter,136.Farinaceous, mealy in texture.Farinose, covered with a mealy powder.Fasciate, banded; also applied to monstrous stems which grow flat.Fascicle, a close cluster,77.Fascicled,Fasciculated, growing in a bundle or tuft, as the leaves of Larch,68, and roots of Peony,35.Fastigiate, close, parallel, and upright, as the branches of Lombardy Poplar.Faux(plural,fauces), the throat of a calyx, corolla, &c.,89.Faveolate,Favose, honeycombed; same asalveolate.Feather-veined, with veins of a leaf all springing from the sides of a midrib,51.FeculaorFæcula, starch,136.Female flowerorplant, one bearing pistils only.Fenestrate, pierced with one or more large holes, like windows.Ferrugineous, orFerruginous, resembling iron-rust; red-grayish.Fertile, fruit-bearing, or capable of it; also said of anthers producing good pollen.Fertilization, the process by which pollen causes the embryo to be formed,114.Fibre(woody),133.Fibrous, containing much fibre, or composed of fibres.Fibrillose, formed of small fibres, orFibrillæ.Fibro-vascularbundle or tissue, formed of fibres and vessels.Fiddle-shaped, obovate with a deep recess on each side.Fidus, Latin suffix for cleft, asBifid, two-cleft.Filament, the stalk of a stamen,14,80,101; also any slender thread-shaped body.Filamentose, orFilamentous, bearing or formed of slender threads.Filiform, thread-shaped; long, slender, and cylindrical.Fimbriate, fringed; furnished with fringes (fimbriæ).Fimbrillate,Fimbrilliferous, bearing smallfimbriæ, i. e.fimbrillæ.Fissiparous, multiplying by division of one body into two.Fissus, Latin for split or divided.Fistular, orFistulose, hollow and cylindrical, as the leaves of the Onion.Flabelliform, orFlabellate, fan-shaped.Flagellate, orFlagelliform, long, narrow, and flexible, like the thong of a whip; or like the runners (flagellæ) of the Strawberry.Flavescent, yellowish, or turning yellow.Flavus, Latin for yellow.Fleshy, composed of firm pulp or flesh.Flexuose, orFlexuous, bending in opposite directions, in a zigzag way.Floating, swimming on the surface of water.Floccose, composed of or bearing tufts of woolly or long and soft hairs.Flora(the goddess of flowers), the plants of a country or district, taken together, or a work systematically describing them,9.Floral Envelopes, orFlower-leaves,79.Floret, a diminutive flower, one of a mass or cluster.Floribund, abundantly floriferous.Florula, the flora of a small district.Flos,floris, Latin for flower.Flosculus, diminutive, same as floret.Flower, the whole organs of reproduction of Phænogamous plants,14,72.Flower-bud, an unopened flower.Flowering Plants,10,156.Flowerless Plants,10,156.Fly-trap leaves,65.Fluitans, Latin for floating.Fluviatile, belonging to a river or stream.Foliaceous, belonging to, or of the texture or nature of, a leaf (folium).Foliate, provided with leaves. Latin prefixes denote the number of leaves, asbifoliate,trifoliate, &c.Foliose, leafy; abounding in leaves.Foliolate, relating to or bearing leaflets (foliola);trifoliolate, with three leaflets, &c.Folium(plural,folia), Latin for leaf.Follicle, a simple pod, opening down the inner suture,122.Follicular, resembling or belonging to a follicle.Food of Plants,144.Foot-stalk, either petiole or peduncle,49.Foramen, a hole or orifice, as that of the ovule,110.Foraminose,Foraminulose, pierced with holes.Forked, branched in two or three or more.Fornicate, bearing fornices.Fornix, little arched scales in the throat of some corollas, as of Comfrey.Foveate, deeply pitted.Foveolate, diminutive offoveate.Free, not united with any other parts of a different sort,95.Fringed, the margin beset with slender appendages, bristles, &c.Frond, what answers to leaves in Ferns, &c.,157; or to the stem and leaves fused into one, as in Liverwort.Frondescence, the bursting into leaf.Frondose, frond-bearing; like a frond, or sometimes used for leafy.Fructification, the state or result of fruiting.Fructus, Latin for fruit.Fruit, the matured ovary and all it contains or is connected with,117.Fruit-dotsin Ferns; seeSorus.Frustulose, consisting of a chain of similar pieces, orFrustules.Frutescent, somewhat shrubby; becoming a shrub (Frutex),39.Fruticulose, like a small shrub, orFruticulus.Fruticose, shrubby,39.Fugacious, soon falling off or perishing.Fulcrate, having accessory organs orfulcra, i. e. props.Fulvous, tawny; dull yellow with gray.Fungus,Fungi,172.Funicle,Funiculus, the stalk of a seed or ovule,110.Funnelform, orfunnel-shaped, expanding gradually upwards into an open mouth, like a funnel or tunnel,90.Furcate, forked.Furfuraceous, covered with bran-like fine scurf.Furrowed, marked by longitudinal channels or grooves.Fuscous, deep gray-brown.Fusiform, spindle-shaped,36.
Falcate, scythe-shaped; a flat body curved, its edges parallel.
False Racemes,78.
Family, in botany same as Order,177.
Farina, meal or starchy matter,136.
Farinaceous, mealy in texture.Farinose, covered with a mealy powder.
Fasciate, banded; also applied to monstrous stems which grow flat.
Fascicle, a close cluster,77.
Fascicled,Fasciculated, growing in a bundle or tuft, as the leaves of Larch,68, and roots of Peony,35.
Fastigiate, close, parallel, and upright, as the branches of Lombardy Poplar.
Faux(plural,fauces), the throat of a calyx, corolla, &c.,89.
Faveolate,Favose, honeycombed; same asalveolate.
Feather-veined, with veins of a leaf all springing from the sides of a midrib,51.
FeculaorFæcula, starch,136.
Female flowerorplant, one bearing pistils only.
Fenestrate, pierced with one or more large holes, like windows.
Ferrugineous, orFerruginous, resembling iron-rust; red-grayish.
Fertile, fruit-bearing, or capable of it; also said of anthers producing good pollen.
Fertilization, the process by which pollen causes the embryo to be formed,114.
Fibre(woody),133.Fibrous, containing much fibre, or composed of fibres.
Fibrillose, formed of small fibres, orFibrillæ.
Fibro-vascularbundle or tissue, formed of fibres and vessels.
Fiddle-shaped, obovate with a deep recess on each side.
Fidus, Latin suffix for cleft, asBifid, two-cleft.
Filament, the stalk of a stamen,14,80,101; also any slender thread-shaped body.
Filamentose, orFilamentous, bearing or formed of slender threads.
Filiform, thread-shaped; long, slender, and cylindrical.
Fimbriate, fringed; furnished with fringes (fimbriæ).
Fimbrillate,Fimbrilliferous, bearing smallfimbriæ, i. e.fimbrillæ.
Fissiparous, multiplying by division of one body into two.
Fissus, Latin for split or divided.
Fistular, orFistulose, hollow and cylindrical, as the leaves of the Onion.
Flabelliform, orFlabellate, fan-shaped.
Flagellate, orFlagelliform, long, narrow, and flexible, like the thong of a whip; or like the runners (flagellæ) of the Strawberry.
Flavescent, yellowish, or turning yellow.
Flavus, Latin for yellow.
Fleshy, composed of firm pulp or flesh.
Flexuose, orFlexuous, bending in opposite directions, in a zigzag way.
Floating, swimming on the surface of water.
Floccose, composed of or bearing tufts of woolly or long and soft hairs.
Flora(the goddess of flowers), the plants of a country or district, taken together, or a work systematically describing them,9.
Floral Envelopes, orFlower-leaves,79.
Floret, a diminutive flower, one of a mass or cluster.
Floribund, abundantly floriferous.
Florula, the flora of a small district.
Flos,floris, Latin for flower.
Flosculus, diminutive, same as floret.
Flower, the whole organs of reproduction of Phænogamous plants,14,72.
Flower-bud, an unopened flower.
Flowering Plants,10,156.Flowerless Plants,10,156.
Fly-trap leaves,65.
Fluitans, Latin for floating.Fluviatile, belonging to a river or stream.
Foliaceous, belonging to, or of the texture or nature of, a leaf (folium).
Foliate, provided with leaves. Latin prefixes denote the number of leaves, asbifoliate,trifoliate, &c.Foliose, leafy; abounding in leaves.
Foliolate, relating to or bearing leaflets (foliola);trifoliolate, with three leaflets, &c.
Folium(plural,folia), Latin for leaf.
Follicle, a simple pod, opening down the inner suture,122.
Follicular, resembling or belonging to a follicle.
Food of Plants,144.
Foot-stalk, either petiole or peduncle,49.
Foramen, a hole or orifice, as that of the ovule,110.
Foraminose,Foraminulose, pierced with holes.
Forked, branched in two or three or more.
Fornicate, bearing fornices.
Fornix, little arched scales in the throat of some corollas, as of Comfrey.
Foveate, deeply pitted.Foveolate, diminutive offoveate.
Free, not united with any other parts of a different sort,95.
Fringed, the margin beset with slender appendages, bristles, &c.
Frond, what answers to leaves in Ferns, &c.,157; or to the stem and leaves fused into one, as in Liverwort.
Frondescence, the bursting into leaf.
Frondose, frond-bearing; like a frond, or sometimes used for leafy.
Fructification, the state or result of fruiting.
Fructus, Latin for fruit.
Fruit, the matured ovary and all it contains or is connected with,117.
Fruit-dotsin Ferns; seeSorus.
Frustulose, consisting of a chain of similar pieces, orFrustules.
Frutescent, somewhat shrubby; becoming a shrub (Frutex),39.
Fruticulose, like a small shrub, orFruticulus.Fruticose, shrubby,39.
Fugacious, soon falling off or perishing.
Fulcrate, having accessory organs orfulcra, i. e. props.
Fulvous, tawny; dull yellow with gray.
Fungus,Fungi,172.
Funicle,Funiculus, the stalk of a seed or ovule,110.
Funnelform, orfunnel-shaped, expanding gradually upwards into an open mouth, like a funnel or tunnel,90.
Furcate, forked.
Furfuraceous, covered with bran-like fine scurf.
Furrowed, marked by longitudinal channels or grooves.
Fuscous, deep gray-brown.
Fusiform, spindle-shaped,36.
Galbalus, the fleshy or at length woody cone of Juniper and Cypress.Galea, a helmet-shaped body, as the upper sepal of the Monkshood,87.Galeate, shaped like a helmet.Gamopetalous, of united petals,89.Gamophyllous, formed of united leaves.Gamosepalous, formed of united sepals,89.Geminate, twin; in pairs.Gemma, Latin for a bud.Gemmation, the state of budding; budding growth.Gemmule, a small bud; the plumule,13.Genera, plural of genus.Geniculate, bent abruptly, like a knee (genu), as many stems.Generic Names,179.Genus, a kind of a rank above species,177.Germ, a growing point; a young bud; sometimes the same as embryo,127.Germen, the old name for ovary.Germination, the development of a plantlet from the seed,12.Gerontogæous, inhabiting the Old World.Gibbous, more tumid at one place or on one side than the other.Gilvous, dirty reddish-yellow.Glabrate, becoming glabrous with age, or almost glabrous.Glabrous, smooth, in the sense of having no hairs, bristles, or other pubescence.Gladiate, sword-shaped, as the leaves of Iris.Glands, small cellular organs which secrete oily or aromatic or other products; they are sometimes sunk in the leaves or rind, as in the Orange, Prickly Ash, &c.; sometimes on the surface as small projections; sometimes raised on hairs or bristles (glandular hairs, &c.), as in the Sweetbrier and Sundew. The name is also given to any small swellings, &c., whether they secrete anything or not; so that the word is loosely used.Glandular,Glandulose, furnished with glands, or gland-like.Glans(Gland), the acorn or mast of Oak and similar fruits.Glareose, growing in gravel.Glaucescent, slightly glaucous, or bluish-gray.Glaucous, covered with abloom, viz. with a fine white powder of wax that rubs off, like that on a fresh plum, or a cabbage-leaf.Globose, spherical in form, or nearly so.Globular, nearly globose.Glochidiate, orGlochideous, (bristles) barbed; tipped with barbs, or with a double hooked point.Glomerate, closely aggregated into a dense cluster.Glomerule, a dense head-like cluster,77.Glossology, the department of botany in which technical terms are explained.Glumaceous, glume-like, or glume-bearing.Glume; Glumes are the husks or floral coverings of Grasses, or, particularly, the outer husks or bracts of each spikelet.Glumelles, the inner husks of Grasses.Gonophore, a stipe below stamens,113.Gossypine, cottony, flocculent.Gracilis, Latin for slender.Grain, seeCaryopsis,121.Gramineous, grass-like.Granular, composed of grains.Granule, a small grain.Graveolent, heavy-scented.Griseous, gray or bluish-gray.Growth,129.Grumous, orGrumose, formed of coarse clustered grains.Guttate, spotted, as if by drops of something colored.Gymnos, Greek for naked, asGymnocarpous, naked-fruited.Gymnospermous, naked-seeded,109.Gymnospermous gynœcium,109.Gymnospermæ, orGymnospermous Plants,183.Gynandrous, with stamens borne on, i. e. united with, the pistil,99.Gynœcium, a name for the pistils of a flower taken altogether,105.Gynobase, a depressed receptacle or support of the pistil or carpels,114.Gynophore, a stalk raising a pistil above the stamens,113.Gynostegium, a sheath around pistils, of whatever nature.Gynostemium, name of the column in Orchids, &c., consisting of style and stigma with stamens combined.Gyrate, coiled or moving circularly.Gyrose, strongly bent to and fro.
Galbalus, the fleshy or at length woody cone of Juniper and Cypress.
Galea, a helmet-shaped body, as the upper sepal of the Monkshood,87.
Galeate, shaped like a helmet.
Gamopetalous, of united petals,89.
Gamophyllous, formed of united leaves.
Gamosepalous, formed of united sepals,89.
Geminate, twin; in pairs.
Gemma, Latin for a bud.
Gemmation, the state of budding; budding growth.
Gemmule, a small bud; the plumule,13.
Genera, plural of genus.
Geniculate, bent abruptly, like a knee (genu), as many stems.
Generic Names,179.
Genus, a kind of a rank above species,177.
Germ, a growing point; a young bud; sometimes the same as embryo,127.
Germen, the old name for ovary.
Germination, the development of a plantlet from the seed,12.
Gerontogæous, inhabiting the Old World.
Gibbous, more tumid at one place or on one side than the other.
Gilvous, dirty reddish-yellow.
Glabrate, becoming glabrous with age, or almost glabrous.
Glabrous, smooth, in the sense of having no hairs, bristles, or other pubescence.
Gladiate, sword-shaped, as the leaves of Iris.
Glands, small cellular organs which secrete oily or aromatic or other products; they are sometimes sunk in the leaves or rind, as in the Orange, Prickly Ash, &c.; sometimes on the surface as small projections; sometimes raised on hairs or bristles (glandular hairs, &c.), as in the Sweetbrier and Sundew. The name is also given to any small swellings, &c., whether they secrete anything or not; so that the word is loosely used.
Glandular,Glandulose, furnished with glands, or gland-like.
Glans(Gland), the acorn or mast of Oak and similar fruits.
Glareose, growing in gravel.
Glaucescent, slightly glaucous, or bluish-gray.
Glaucous, covered with abloom, viz. with a fine white powder of wax that rubs off, like that on a fresh plum, or a cabbage-leaf.
Globose, spherical in form, or nearly so.Globular, nearly globose.
Glochidiate, orGlochideous, (bristles) barbed; tipped with barbs, or with a double hooked point.
Glomerate, closely aggregated into a dense cluster.
Glomerule, a dense head-like cluster,77.
Glossology, the department of botany in which technical terms are explained.
Glumaceous, glume-like, or glume-bearing.
Glume; Glumes are the husks or floral coverings of Grasses, or, particularly, the outer husks or bracts of each spikelet.
Glumelles, the inner husks of Grasses.
Gonophore, a stipe below stamens,113.
Gossypine, cottony, flocculent.
Gracilis, Latin for slender.
Grain, seeCaryopsis,121.
Gramineous, grass-like.
Granular, composed of grains.Granule, a small grain.
Graveolent, heavy-scented.
Griseous, gray or bluish-gray.
Growth,129.
Grumous, orGrumose, formed of coarse clustered grains.
Guttate, spotted, as if by drops of something colored.
Gymnos, Greek for naked, as
Gymnocarpous, naked-fruited.
Gymnospermous, naked-seeded,109.
Gymnospermous gynœcium,109.
Gymnospermæ, orGymnospermous Plants,183.
Gynandrous, with stamens borne on, i. e. united with, the pistil,99.
Gynœcium, a name for the pistils of a flower taken altogether,105.
Gynobase, a depressed receptacle or support of the pistil or carpels,114.
Gynophore, a stalk raising a pistil above the stamens,113.
Gynostegium, a sheath around pistils, of whatever nature.
Gynostemium, name of the column in Orchids, &c., consisting of style and stigma with stamens combined.
Gyrate, coiled or moving circularly.
Gyrose, strongly bent to and fro.
Habit, the general aspect of a plant, or its mode of growth.Habitat, the situation or country in which a plant grows in a wild state.Hairs, hair-like growths on the surface of plants.Hairy, beset with hairs, especially longish ones.Halberd-shaped, seehastate,53.Halved, when appearing as if one half of the body were cut away.Hamate, orHamose, hooked; the end of a slender body bent round.Hamulose, bearing a small hook; a diminutive of the last.Haplo-, in Greek compounds, single; asHaplostemonous, having only one series of stamens.Hastate, orHastile, shaped like a halberd; furnished with a spreading lobe on each side at the base,53.Head, capitulum, a form of inflorescence,74.Heart-shaped, of the shape of a heart as painted on cards,53.Heart-wood, the older or matured wood of exogenous trees,142.Helicoid, coiled like ahelixor snail-shell,77.Helmet, the upper sepal of Monkshood is so called.Helvolous, grayish-yellow.Hemi-in compounds from the Greek, half; e. g.Hemispherical, &c.Hemicarp, half-fruit, one carpel of an Umbelliferous plant,121.Hemitropous(ovule or seed), nearly same asamphitropous,123.Hepta-(in words of Greek origin), seven; asHeptagynous, with seven pistils or styles.Heptamerous, its parts in sevens.Heptandrous, having seven stamens.Herb, plant not woody, at least above ground.Herbaceous, of the texture of an herb; not woody,39.Herbarium, the botanist's arranged collection of dried plants,186.Herborization,184.Hermaphrodite(flower), having stamens and pistils in the same blossom,81.Hesperidium, orange-fruit, a hard-rinded berry.Hetero-, in Greek compounds, means of two or more sorts, asHeterocarpous, bearing fruit of two kinds or shapes.Heterogamous, bearing two or more sorts of flowers in one cluster.Heterogony,Heterogone, orHeterogonous, with stamens and pistil reciprocally of two sorts,116.Heterostyledis same.Heteromorphous, of two or more shapes.Heterophyllous, with two sorts of leaves.Heterotropous(ovule), the same asamphitropous,123.Hexa-(in Greek compounds), six; asHexagonal, six-angled.Hexagynous, with six pistils or styles.Hexamerous, its parts in sixes.Hexandrous, with six stamens.Hexapterous, six-winged.Hibernaculum, a winter bud.Hiemal, relating to winter.Hilar, belonging to the hilum.Hilum, the scar of the seed; its place of attachment,110,126.Hippocrepiform, horseshoe-shaped.Hirsute, clothed with stiffish or beard-like hairs.Hirtellous, minutely hirsute.Hispid, bristly, beset with stiff hairs.Hispidulous, diminutive of hispid.Histology,9.Hoary, grayish-white; seecanescent, &c.Holosericeous, all over sericeous or silky.Homo-, in Greek compounds, all alike or of one sort.Homodromous, running in one direction.Homogamous, a head or cluster with flowers all of one kind.Homogeneous, uniform in nature; all of one kind.Homogone, orHomogonous, counterpart ofHeterogoneorHomostyled.Homologous, of same type; thus petals and sepals are the homologues of leaves.Homomallous(leaves, &c.), originating all round an axis, but all bent or curved to one side.Homorphous, all of one shape.Homotropous(embryo), curved with the seed; curved only one way.Hood, same ashelmetorgalea.Hooded, hood-shaped; seecucullate.Hooked, same ashamate.Horn, a spur or some similar appendage.Horny, of the texture of horn.Hortensis, pertaining to the garden.Hortus Siccus, an herbarium, or collection of dried plants,186.Humifuse,Humistrate, spread over the surface of the ground.Humilis, low in stature.Hyaline, transparent, or partly so.Hybrid, a cross-breed between two allied species,176.Hydrophytes, water-plants.Hyemal, seehiemal.Hymeniumof a Mushroom,172.Hypanthium, a hollow flower-receptacle, such as that of Rose.Hypo-, Greek prefix for under, or underneath.Hypocotyle, orHypocotyl, part of stem below the cotyledons,11.Hypocrateriform, properlyHypocraterimorphous, salver-shaped.Hypogæan, orHypogæous, produced under ground,19.Hypogynous, inserted under the pistil,95,99.Hysteranthous, with the blossoms developed earlier than the leaves.
Habit, the general aspect of a plant, or its mode of growth.
Habitat, the situation or country in which a plant grows in a wild state.
Hairs, hair-like growths on the surface of plants.
Hairy, beset with hairs, especially longish ones.
Halberd-shaped, seehastate,53.
Halved, when appearing as if one half of the body were cut away.
Hamate, orHamose, hooked; the end of a slender body bent round.
Hamulose, bearing a small hook; a diminutive of the last.
Haplo-, in Greek compounds, single; asHaplostemonous, having only one series of stamens.
Hastate, orHastile, shaped like a halberd; furnished with a spreading lobe on each side at the base,53.
Head, capitulum, a form of inflorescence,74.
Heart-shaped, of the shape of a heart as painted on cards,53.
Heart-wood, the older or matured wood of exogenous trees,142.
Helicoid, coiled like ahelixor snail-shell,77.
Helmet, the upper sepal of Monkshood is so called.
Helvolous, grayish-yellow.
Hemi-in compounds from the Greek, half; e. g.Hemispherical, &c.
Hemicarp, half-fruit, one carpel of an Umbelliferous plant,121.
Hemitropous(ovule or seed), nearly same asamphitropous,123.
Hepta-(in words of Greek origin), seven; asHeptagynous, with seven pistils or styles.Heptamerous, its parts in sevens.Heptandrous, having seven stamens.
Herb, plant not woody, at least above ground.
Herbaceous, of the texture of an herb; not woody,39.
Herbarium, the botanist's arranged collection of dried plants,186.
Herborization,184.
Hermaphrodite(flower), having stamens and pistils in the same blossom,81.
Hesperidium, orange-fruit, a hard-rinded berry.
Hetero-, in Greek compounds, means of two or more sorts, as
Heterocarpous, bearing fruit of two kinds or shapes.
Heterogamous, bearing two or more sorts of flowers in one cluster.
Heterogony,Heterogone, orHeterogonous, with stamens and pistil reciprocally of two sorts,116.Heterostyledis same.
Heteromorphous, of two or more shapes.
Heterophyllous, with two sorts of leaves.
Heterotropous(ovule), the same asamphitropous,123.
Hexa-(in Greek compounds), six; asHexagonal, six-angled.Hexagynous, with six pistils or styles.Hexamerous, its parts in sixes.Hexandrous, with six stamens.Hexapterous, six-winged.
Hibernaculum, a winter bud.
Hiemal, relating to winter.
Hilar, belonging to the hilum.
Hilum, the scar of the seed; its place of attachment,110,126.
Hippocrepiform, horseshoe-shaped.
Hirsute, clothed with stiffish or beard-like hairs.
Hirtellous, minutely hirsute.
Hispid, bristly, beset with stiff hairs.Hispidulous, diminutive of hispid.
Histology,9.
Hoary, grayish-white; seecanescent, &c.
Holosericeous, all over sericeous or silky.
Homo-, in Greek compounds, all alike or of one sort.
Homodromous, running in one direction.
Homogamous, a head or cluster with flowers all of one kind.
Homogeneous, uniform in nature; all of one kind.
Homogone, orHomogonous, counterpart ofHeterogoneorHomostyled.
Homologous, of same type; thus petals and sepals are the homologues of leaves.
Homomallous(leaves, &c.), originating all round an axis, but all bent or curved to one side.
Homorphous, all of one shape.
Homotropous(embryo), curved with the seed; curved only one way.
Hood, same ashelmetorgalea.Hooded, hood-shaped; seecucullate.
Hooked, same ashamate.
Horn, a spur or some similar appendage.Horny, of the texture of horn.
Hortensis, pertaining to the garden.
Hortus Siccus, an herbarium, or collection of dried plants,186.
Humifuse,Humistrate, spread over the surface of the ground.
Humilis, low in stature.
Hyaline, transparent, or partly so.
Hybrid, a cross-breed between two allied species,176.
Hydrophytes, water-plants.
Hyemal, seehiemal.
Hymeniumof a Mushroom,172.
Hypanthium, a hollow flower-receptacle, such as that of Rose.
Hypo-, Greek prefix for under, or underneath.
Hypocotyle, orHypocotyl, part of stem below the cotyledons,11.
Hypocrateriform, properlyHypocraterimorphous, salver-shaped.
Hypogæan, orHypogæous, produced under ground,19.
Hypogynous, inserted under the pistil,95,99.
Hysteranthous, with the blossoms developed earlier than the leaves.
Icosandrous, having 20 (or 12 or more) stamens inserted on the calyx.Imberbis, Latin for beardless.Imbricate,Imbricated,Imbricative, overlapping one another, like tiles or shingles on a roof, as the bud-scales of Horse-chestnut and Hickory,27. In æstivation, where some leaves of the calyx or corolla are overlapped on both sides by others,98.Immarginate, destitute of a rim or border.Immersed, growing wholly under water.Impari-pinnate, pinnate with a single leaflet at the apex,57.Imperfect flowers, wanting either stamens or pistils,85.Inæquilateral, unequal-sided, as the leaf of a Begonia.Inane, empty, said of an anther which produces no pollen, &c.Inappendiculate, not appendaged.Incanous,Incanescent, hoary with soft white pubescence.Incarnate, flesh-colored.Incised, cut rather deeply and irregularly,58.Included, enclosed; when the part in question does not project beyond another.Incomplete Flower, wanting calyx or corolla,86.Incrassated, thickened.Incubous, with tip of one leaf lying flat over the base of the next above.Incumbent, leaning or resting upon; the cotyledons are incumbent when the back of one of them lies against the radicle,128; the anthers are incumbent when turned or looking inwards.Incurved, gradually curving inwards.Indefinite, not uniform in number, or too numerous to mention (over 12).IndefiniteorIndeterminate Inflorescence,72.Indehiscent, not splitting open; i. e. not dehiscent,119.Indigenous, native to the country.Individuals,175.Indumentum, any hairy coating or pubescence.Induplicate, with the edges turned inwards,97.Induviate, clothed with old and withered parts orinduviæ.Indusium, the shield or covering of a fruit-dot of a Fern,159.Inermis, Latin for unarmed, not prickly.Inferior, growing below some other organ,96.Infertile, not producing seed, or pollen, as the case may be.Inflated, turgid and bladdery.Inflexed, bent inwards.Inflorescence, the arrangement of flowers on the stem,72.Infra-axillary, situated beneath the axil.InfundibuliformorInfundibular, funnel-shaped,90.Innate(anther), attached by its base to the very apex of the filament,101.Innovation, a young shoot, or new growth.Insertion, the place or the mode of attachment of an organ to its support,95,99.Integer, entire, not lobed.Integerrimus, quite entire, not serrate.Intercellular PassagesorSpaces,131,143.Interfoliaceous, between the leaves of a pair or whorl.Internode, the part of a stem between two nodes,13.Interpetiolar, between petioles.Interruptedly pinnate, pinnate with small leaflets intermixed with larger.Intine, inner coat of a pollen grain.Intrafoliaceous(stipules, &c.), placed between the leaf or petiole and the stem.Introrse, turned or facing inwards; i. e. towards the axis of the flower,101.Intruse, as it were pushed inwards.InversedorInverted, where the apex is in the direction opposite to that of the organ it is compared with.Involucel, a partial or small involucre,76.Involucellate, furnished with an involucel.Involucrate, furnished with an involucre.Involucre, a whorl or set of bracts around a flower, umbel, or head, &c.,74,75.Involute, in vernation,72; rolled inwards from the edges,97.Irregular Flowers,86,91.Isos, Greek for equal in number.Isomerous, the same number in the successive circles or sets.Isostemonous, the stamens equal in number to the sepals or petals.
Icosandrous, having 20 (or 12 or more) stamens inserted on the calyx.
Imberbis, Latin for beardless.
Imbricate,Imbricated,Imbricative, overlapping one another, like tiles or shingles on a roof, as the bud-scales of Horse-chestnut and Hickory,27. In æstivation, where some leaves of the calyx or corolla are overlapped on both sides by others,98.
Immarginate, destitute of a rim or border.
Immersed, growing wholly under water.
Impari-pinnate, pinnate with a single leaflet at the apex,57.
Imperfect flowers, wanting either stamens or pistils,85.
Inæquilateral, unequal-sided, as the leaf of a Begonia.
Inane, empty, said of an anther which produces no pollen, &c.
Inappendiculate, not appendaged.
Incanous,Incanescent, hoary with soft white pubescence.
Incarnate, flesh-colored.
Incised, cut rather deeply and irregularly,58.
Included, enclosed; when the part in question does not project beyond another.
Incomplete Flower, wanting calyx or corolla,86.
Incrassated, thickened.
Incubous, with tip of one leaf lying flat over the base of the next above.
Incumbent, leaning or resting upon; the cotyledons are incumbent when the back of one of them lies against the radicle,128; the anthers are incumbent when turned or looking inwards.
Incurved, gradually curving inwards.
Indefinite, not uniform in number, or too numerous to mention (over 12).
IndefiniteorIndeterminate Inflorescence,72.
Indehiscent, not splitting open; i. e. not dehiscent,119.
Indigenous, native to the country.
Individuals,175.
Indumentum, any hairy coating or pubescence.
Induplicate, with the edges turned inwards,97.
Induviate, clothed with old and withered parts orinduviæ.
Indusium, the shield or covering of a fruit-dot of a Fern,159.
Inermis, Latin for unarmed, not prickly.
Inferior, growing below some other organ,96.
Infertile, not producing seed, or pollen, as the case may be.
Inflated, turgid and bladdery.
Inflexed, bent inwards.
Inflorescence, the arrangement of flowers on the stem,72.
Infra-axillary, situated beneath the axil.
InfundibuliformorInfundibular, funnel-shaped,90.
Innate(anther), attached by its base to the very apex of the filament,101.
Innovation, a young shoot, or new growth.
Insertion, the place or the mode of attachment of an organ to its support,95,99.
Integer, entire, not lobed.Integerrimus, quite entire, not serrate.
Intercellular PassagesorSpaces,131,143.
Interfoliaceous, between the leaves of a pair or whorl.
Internode, the part of a stem between two nodes,13.
Interpetiolar, between petioles.
Interruptedly pinnate, pinnate with small leaflets intermixed with larger.
Intine, inner coat of a pollen grain.
Intrafoliaceous(stipules, &c.), placed between the leaf or petiole and the stem.
Introrse, turned or facing inwards; i. e. towards the axis of the flower,101.
Intruse, as it were pushed inwards.
InversedorInverted, where the apex is in the direction opposite to that of the organ it is compared with.
Involucel, a partial or small involucre,76.
Involucellate, furnished with an involucel.Involucrate, furnished with an involucre.
Involucre, a whorl or set of bracts around a flower, umbel, or head, &c.,74,75.
Involute, in vernation,72; rolled inwards from the edges,97.
Irregular Flowers,86,91.
Isos, Greek for equal in number.Isomerous, the same number in the successive circles or sets.Isostemonous, the stamens equal in number to the sepals or petals.