Jointed, separate or separable at one or more places into pieces,64, &c.Jugum(pluralJuga), Latin for a pair, as of leaflets,—thusUnijugate, of a single pair;Bijugate, of two pairs, &c.Julaceus, like a catkin orJulus.
Jointed, separate or separable at one or more places into pieces,64, &c.
Jugum(pluralJuga), Latin for a pair, as of leaflets,—thusUnijugate, of a single pair;Bijugate, of two pairs, &c.
Julaceus, like a catkin orJulus.
Keel, a projecting ridge on a surface, like the keel of a boat; the two anterior petals of a papilionaceous corolla,92.Keeled, furnished with a keel or sharp longitudinal ridge.Kermesine, Carmine-red.Kernelof the ovule and seed,110.Key, orKey-fruit, a Samara,122.Kidney-shaped, resembling the outline of a kidney,53.
Keel, a projecting ridge on a surface, like the keel of a boat; the two anterior petals of a papilionaceous corolla,92.
Keeled, furnished with a keel or sharp longitudinal ridge.
Kermesine, Carmine-red.
Kernelof the ovule and seed,110.
Key, orKey-fruit, a Samara,122.
Kidney-shaped, resembling the outline of a kidney,53.
Labellum, the odd petal in the Orchis Family.Labiate, same asbilabiateor two-lipped,92.Labiatiflorous, having flowers with bilabiate corolla.Labium(plural,Labia), Latin for lip.Lacerate, with margin appearing as if torn.Laciniate, slashed; cut into deep narrow lobes orLaciniæ.Lactescent, producing milky juice, as does the Milkweed, &c.Lacteus, Latin for milk-white.Lacunose, full of holes or gaps.Lacustrine, belonging to lakes.Lævigate, smooth as if polished. Latin,Lævis, smooth, as opposed to rough.Lageniform, gourd-shaped.Lagopous, Latin, hare-footed; densely clothed with long soft hairs.LamellarorLamellate, consisting of flat plates,Lamellæ.Lamina, a plate or blade, the blade of a leaf, &c.,49.Lanate,Lanose, woolly; clothed with long and soft entangled hairs.Lanceolate, lance-shaped,52.Lanuginous, cottony or woolly.Latent buds, concealed or undeveloped buds,30.Lateral, belonging to the side.Latex, the milky juice, &c., of plants,135.Lax(Laxus), loose in texture, or sparse; the opposite of crowded.Leaf,49.Leaf-buds,31.Leaflet, one of the divisions or blades of a compound leaf,57.Leaf-like, same asfoliaceous.Leathery, of about the consistence of leather; coriaceous.Legume, a simple pod which dehisces in two pieces, like that of the Pea,122.Leguminous, belonging to legumes, or to the Leguminous Family.Lenticular, lens-shaped; i. e. flattish and convex on both sides.Lappaceous, bur-like.Lasio, Greek for woolly or hairy, asLasianthus, woolly-flowered.Lateritious, brick-colored.Laticiferous, containing latex,135.Latus, Latin for broad, asLatifolius, broad-leaved.Leaf-scar,Leaf-stalk, petiole.Lenticels, lenticular dots on young bark.Lentiginose, as if freckled.Lepal, a made-up word for a staminode.Lepis, Greek for a scale, whenceLepidote, leprous; covered with scurfy scales.Leptos, Greek for slender; soLeptophyllous, slender-leaved.Leukos, Greek for white; whenceLeucanthous, white-flowered, &c.Liber, the inner bark of Exogenous stems,140.Lid, seeoperculum.Ligneous, orLignose, woody in texture.Ligulate, furnished with a ligule,93.Ligule,Ligula, the strap-shaped corolla in many Compositæ,93; the membranous appendage at the summit of the leaf-sheaths of most Grasses,67.Limb, the border of a corolla, &c.,89.Limbate, bordered (Latin,Limbus, a border).Line, the twelfth of an inch; or French lines, the tenth.Linear, narrow and flat, the margins parallel,52.Lineate, marked with parallel lines.Lineolate, marked with minute lines.Lingulate,Linguiform, tongue-shaped.Lip, the principal lobes of a bilabiate corolla or calyx,92.LitoralorLittoral, belonging to the shore.Livid, pale lead-colored.Lobe, any projection or division (especially a rounded one) of a leaf, &c.LobedorLobate, cut into lobes,55,56;Lobulate, into small lobes.Locellate, havingLocelli, i. e. compartments in a cell: thus an anther-cell is oftenbilocellate.Loculament, same asloculus.Locular, relating to the cell or compartment (Loculus) of an ovary, &c.Loculicidal(dehiscence), splitting down through the back of each cell,123.Locusta, a name for the spikelet of Grasses.Lodicule, one of the scales answering to perianth-leaves in Grass-flowers.Loment, a pod which separates transversely into joints,122.Lomentaceous, pertaining to or resembling a loment.Lorate, thong-shaped.Lunate, crescent-shaped.Lunulate, diminutive oflunate.Lupuline, like hops.Lusus, Latin for a sport or abnormal variation.Luteolus, yellowish; diminutive ofLuteus, Latin for yellow.Lutescent, verging to yellow.Lyrate, lyre-shaped; a pinnatifid leaf of an obovate or spatulate outline, the end-lobe large and roundish, and the lower lobes small, as in fig.149.
Labellum, the odd petal in the Orchis Family.
Labiate, same asbilabiateor two-lipped,92.
Labiatiflorous, having flowers with bilabiate corolla.
Labium(plural,Labia), Latin for lip.
Lacerate, with margin appearing as if torn.
Laciniate, slashed; cut into deep narrow lobes orLaciniæ.
Lactescent, producing milky juice, as does the Milkweed, &c.
Lacteus, Latin for milk-white.
Lacunose, full of holes or gaps.
Lacustrine, belonging to lakes.
Lævigate, smooth as if polished. Latin,Lævis, smooth, as opposed to rough.
Lageniform, gourd-shaped.
Lagopous, Latin, hare-footed; densely clothed with long soft hairs.
LamellarorLamellate, consisting of flat plates,Lamellæ.
Lamina, a plate or blade, the blade of a leaf, &c.,49.
Lanate,Lanose, woolly; clothed with long and soft entangled hairs.
Lanceolate, lance-shaped,52.
Lanuginous, cottony or woolly.
Latent buds, concealed or undeveloped buds,30.
Lateral, belonging to the side.
Latex, the milky juice, &c., of plants,135.
Lax(Laxus), loose in texture, or sparse; the opposite of crowded.
Leaf,49.Leaf-buds,31.
Leaflet, one of the divisions or blades of a compound leaf,57.
Leaf-like, same asfoliaceous.
Leathery, of about the consistence of leather; coriaceous.
Legume, a simple pod which dehisces in two pieces, like that of the Pea,122.
Leguminous, belonging to legumes, or to the Leguminous Family.
Lenticular, lens-shaped; i. e. flattish and convex on both sides.
Lappaceous, bur-like.
Lasio, Greek for woolly or hairy, asLasianthus, woolly-flowered.
Lateritious, brick-colored.
Laticiferous, containing latex,135.
Latus, Latin for broad, asLatifolius, broad-leaved.
Leaf-scar,Leaf-stalk, petiole.
Lenticels, lenticular dots on young bark.
Lentiginose, as if freckled.
Lepal, a made-up word for a staminode.
Lepis, Greek for a scale, whenceLepidote, leprous; covered with scurfy scales.
Leptos, Greek for slender; soLeptophyllous, slender-leaved.
Leukos, Greek for white; whenceLeucanthous, white-flowered, &c.
Liber, the inner bark of Exogenous stems,140.
Lid, seeoperculum.
Ligneous, orLignose, woody in texture.
Ligulate, furnished with a ligule,93.
Ligule,Ligula, the strap-shaped corolla in many Compositæ,93; the membranous appendage at the summit of the leaf-sheaths of most Grasses,67.
Limb, the border of a corolla, &c.,89.
Limbate, bordered (Latin,Limbus, a border).
Line, the twelfth of an inch; or French lines, the tenth.
Linear, narrow and flat, the margins parallel,52.
Lineate, marked with parallel lines.Lineolate, marked with minute lines.
Lingulate,Linguiform, tongue-shaped.
Lip, the principal lobes of a bilabiate corolla or calyx,92.
LitoralorLittoral, belonging to the shore.
Livid, pale lead-colored.
Lobe, any projection or division (especially a rounded one) of a leaf, &c.
LobedorLobate, cut into lobes,55,56;Lobulate, into small lobes.
Locellate, havingLocelli, i. e. compartments in a cell: thus an anther-cell is oftenbilocellate.
Loculament, same asloculus.
Locular, relating to the cell or compartment (Loculus) of an ovary, &c.
Loculicidal(dehiscence), splitting down through the back of each cell,123.
Locusta, a name for the spikelet of Grasses.
Lodicule, one of the scales answering to perianth-leaves in Grass-flowers.
Loment, a pod which separates transversely into joints,122.
Lomentaceous, pertaining to or resembling a loment.
Lorate, thong-shaped.
Lunate, crescent-shaped.Lunulate, diminutive oflunate.
Lupuline, like hops.
Lusus, Latin for a sport or abnormal variation.
Luteolus, yellowish; diminutive of
Luteus, Latin for yellow.Lutescent, verging to yellow.
Lyrate, lyre-shaped; a pinnatifid leaf of an obovate or spatulate outline, the end-lobe large and roundish, and the lower lobes small, as in fig.149.
Macros, Greek for long, sometimes also used for large: thusMacrophyllous, long or large-leaved, &c.Macrospore, the large kind of spore, when there are two kinds,160,161.Maculate, spotted or blotched.Male(flowers or plants), having stamens but no pistil.Mammose, breast-shaped.Marcescent, withering without falling off.Marginal, belonging to margin.Marginate, margined with an edge different from the rest.Marginicidal dehiscence,123.Maritime, belonging to sea-coasts.Marmorate, marbled.Mas.,Masc.,Masculine, male.Masked, seepersonate.Mealy, seefarinaceous.Median,Medial, belonging to the middle.Medifixed, attached by the middle.Medullary, belonging to, or of the nature of, pith (Medulla); pithy.Medullary Rays, the silver-grain of wood,140,141.Medullary Sheath, a set of ducts just around the pith,140.Meiostemonous, having fewer stamens than petals.MembranaceousorMembranous, of the texture of membrane; thin and soft.Meniscoid, crescent-shaped.Mericarp, one carpel of the fruit of an Umbelliferous plant,121.Merismatic, separating into parts by the formation of partitions across.Merous, from the Greek for part; used with numeral prefix to denote the number of pieces in a set or circle: asMonomerous, of only one,Dimerous, with two,Trimerous, with three parts (sepals, petals, stamens, &c.) in each circle.Mesocarp, the middle part of a pericarp, when that is distinguishable into three layers,120.Mesophlœum, the middle or green bark.Micropyle, the closed orifice of the seed,110,126.Microspore, the smaller kind of spore when there are two kinds,161.Midrib, the middle or main rib of a leaf,50.Milk-vessels,135.Miniate, vermilion-colored.Mitriform, mitre-shaped: in the form of a peaked cap, or one cleft at the top.Moniliform, necklace-shaped; a cylindrical body contracted at intervals.Monocarpic(duration), flowering and seeding but once,38.Monochlamydeous, having only one floral envelope.Monocotyledonous(embryo), with only one cotyledon,24.Monocotyledonous Plants,24.Monocotyls,24.Monœcious, orMonoicous(flower), having stamens or pistils only,85.Monogynous(flower), having only one pistil, or one style,105.Monopetalous(flower), with the corolla of one piece,89.Monophyllous, one-leaved, or of one piece.Monos, Greek for solitary or only one; thusMonadelphous, stamens united by their filaments into one set,99;Monandrous(flower), having only one stamen,100.Monosepalous, a calyx of one piece; i. e. with the sepals united into one body.Monospermous, one-seeded.Monstrosity, an unnatural deviation from the usual structure or form.Morphology,Morphological Botany,9; the department of botany which treats of the forms which an organ may assume.Moschate, Musk-like in odor.Movements,149.Mucronate, tipped with an abrupt short point (Mucro),54.Mucronulate, tipped with a minute abrupt point; a diminutive of the last.Multi-, in composition, many; asMultangular, many-angled;Multicipital, many-headed, &c.;Multifarious, in many rows or ranks;Multifid, many-cleft;Multilocular, many-celled;Multiserial, in many rows.Multiple Fruits,118,124.Muricate, beset with short and hard or prickly points.Muriform, wall-like; resembling courses of bricks in a wall.Muticous, pointless, blunt, unarmed.Mycelium, the spawn of Fungi; i. e. the filaments from which Mushrooms, &c., originate,172.
Macros, Greek for long, sometimes also used for large: thusMacrophyllous, long or large-leaved, &c.
Macrospore, the large kind of spore, when there are two kinds,160,161.
Maculate, spotted or blotched.
Male(flowers or plants), having stamens but no pistil.
Mammose, breast-shaped.
Marcescent, withering without falling off.
Marginal, belonging to margin.
Marginate, margined with an edge different from the rest.
Marginicidal dehiscence,123.
Maritime, belonging to sea-coasts.
Marmorate, marbled.
Mas.,Masc.,Masculine, male.
Masked, seepersonate.
Mealy, seefarinaceous.
Median,Medial, belonging to the middle.
Medifixed, attached by the middle.
Medullary, belonging to, or of the nature of, pith (Medulla); pithy.
Medullary Rays, the silver-grain of wood,140,141.
Medullary Sheath, a set of ducts just around the pith,140.
Meiostemonous, having fewer stamens than petals.
MembranaceousorMembranous, of the texture of membrane; thin and soft.
Meniscoid, crescent-shaped.
Mericarp, one carpel of the fruit of an Umbelliferous plant,121.
Merismatic, separating into parts by the formation of partitions across.
Merous, from the Greek for part; used with numeral prefix to denote the number of pieces in a set or circle: asMonomerous, of only one,Dimerous, with two,Trimerous, with three parts (sepals, petals, stamens, &c.) in each circle.
Mesocarp, the middle part of a pericarp, when that is distinguishable into three layers,120.
Mesophlœum, the middle or green bark.
Micropyle, the closed orifice of the seed,110,126.
Microspore, the smaller kind of spore when there are two kinds,161.
Midrib, the middle or main rib of a leaf,50.
Milk-vessels,135.
Miniate, vermilion-colored.
Mitriform, mitre-shaped: in the form of a peaked cap, or one cleft at the top.
Moniliform, necklace-shaped; a cylindrical body contracted at intervals.
Monocarpic(duration), flowering and seeding but once,38.
Monochlamydeous, having only one floral envelope.
Monocotyledonous(embryo), with only one cotyledon,24.
Monocotyledonous Plants,24.Monocotyls,24.
Monœcious, orMonoicous(flower), having stamens or pistils only,85.
Monogynous(flower), having only one pistil, or one style,105.
Monopetalous(flower), with the corolla of one piece,89.
Monophyllous, one-leaved, or of one piece.
Monos, Greek for solitary or only one; thusMonadelphous, stamens united by their filaments into one set,99;Monandrous(flower), having only one stamen,100.
Monosepalous, a calyx of one piece; i. e. with the sepals united into one body.
Monospermous, one-seeded.
Monstrosity, an unnatural deviation from the usual structure or form.
Morphology,Morphological Botany,9; the department of botany which treats of the forms which an organ may assume.
Moschate, Musk-like in odor.
Movements,149.
Mucronate, tipped with an abrupt short point (Mucro),54.
Mucronulate, tipped with a minute abrupt point; a diminutive of the last.
Multi-, in composition, many; asMultangular, many-angled;Multicipital, many-headed, &c.;Multifarious, in many rows or ranks;Multifid, many-cleft;Multilocular, many-celled;Multiserial, in many rows.
Multiple Fruits,118,124.
Muricate, beset with short and hard or prickly points.
Muriform, wall-like; resembling courses of bricks in a wall.
Muticous, pointless, blunt, unarmed.
Mycelium, the spawn of Fungi; i. e. the filaments from which Mushrooms, &c., originate,172.
Naked, wanting some usual covering, as achlamydeous flowers,86; gymnospermous seeds,109,125, &c.Namesin botany,179.Nanus, Latin for dwarf.Napiform, turnip-shaped,35.Natural System,182.Naturalized, introduced from a foreign country, and flourishing wild.Navicular, boat-shaped, like the glumes of most Grasses.Necklace-shaped, looking like a string of beads; seemoniliform.Nectar, the sweet secretion in flowers from which bees make honey, &c.Nectariferous, honey-bearing; or having a nectary.Nectary, the old name for petals and other parts of the flower when of unusual shape, especially when honey-bearing. So the hollow spur-shaped petals of Columbine were called nectaries; also the curious long-clawed petals of Monkshood,87, &c.Needle-shaped, long, slender, and rigid, like the leaves of Pines.NemoroseorNemoral, inhabiting groves.Nerve, a name for the ribs or veins of leaves when simple and parallel,50.Nerved, furnished with nerves, or simple and parallel ribs or veins,50.Nervose, conspicuously nerved.Nervulose, minutely nervose.Netted-veined, furnished with branching veins forming network,50,51.Neuter,Neutral, sexless.Neutral flower,79.Niger, Latin for black.Nigricans, Latin for verging to black.Nitid, shining.Nival, living in or near snow.Niveus, snow-white.Nodding, bending so that the summit hangs downward.Node, a knot; the "joints" of a stem, or the part whence a leaf or a pair of leaves springs,13.Nodose, knotty or knobby.Nodulose, furnished with little knobs or knots.Nomenclature,175,179.Normal, according to rule, natural.Notate, marked with spots or lines of a different color.Nucamentaceous, relating to or resembling a small nut.Nuciform, nut-shaped or nut-like.Nucleus, the kernel of an ovule (110) or seed (127) of a cell.Nucule, same as nutlet.Nude, (Latin,Nudus), naked. SoNudicaulis, naked-stemmed, &c.Nut, LatinNux, a hard, mostly one-seeded indehiscent fruit; as a chestnut, butternut, acorn,121.Nutant, nodding.Nutlet, a little nut; or the stone of a drupe.
Naked, wanting some usual covering, as achlamydeous flowers,86; gymnospermous seeds,109,125, &c.
Namesin botany,179.
Nanus, Latin for dwarf.
Napiform, turnip-shaped,35.
Natural System,182.
Naturalized, introduced from a foreign country, and flourishing wild.
Navicular, boat-shaped, like the glumes of most Grasses.
Necklace-shaped, looking like a string of beads; seemoniliform.
Nectar, the sweet secretion in flowers from which bees make honey, &c.
Nectariferous, honey-bearing; or having a nectary.
Nectary, the old name for petals and other parts of the flower when of unusual shape, especially when honey-bearing. So the hollow spur-shaped petals of Columbine were called nectaries; also the curious long-clawed petals of Monkshood,87, &c.
Needle-shaped, long, slender, and rigid, like the leaves of Pines.
NemoroseorNemoral, inhabiting groves.
Nerve, a name for the ribs or veins of leaves when simple and parallel,50.
Nerved, furnished with nerves, or simple and parallel ribs or veins,50.
Nervose, conspicuously nerved.Nervulose, minutely nervose.
Netted-veined, furnished with branching veins forming network,50,51.
Neuter,Neutral, sexless.Neutral flower,79.
Niger, Latin for black.Nigricans, Latin for verging to black.
Nitid, shining.
Nival, living in or near snow.Niveus, snow-white.
Nodding, bending so that the summit hangs downward.
Node, a knot; the "joints" of a stem, or the part whence a leaf or a pair of leaves springs,13.
Nodose, knotty or knobby.Nodulose, furnished with little knobs or knots.
Nomenclature,175,179.
Normal, according to rule, natural.
Notate, marked with spots or lines of a different color.
Nucamentaceous, relating to or resembling a small nut.
Nuciform, nut-shaped or nut-like.
Nucleus, the kernel of an ovule (110) or seed (127) of a cell.
Nucule, same as nutlet.
Nude, (Latin,Nudus), naked. SoNudicaulis, naked-stemmed, &c.
Nut, LatinNux, a hard, mostly one-seeded indehiscent fruit; as a chestnut, butternut, acorn,121.
Nutant, nodding.
Nutlet, a little nut; or the stone of a drupe.
Ob-(meaning over against), when prefixed to words signifies inversion; as,Obcompressed, flattened the opposite of the usual way;Obcordate, heart-shaped, with the broad and notched end at the apex instead of the base,54;Oblanceolate, lance-shaped with the tapering point downwards,52.Oblique, applied to leaves, &c., means unequal-sided.Oblong, from two to four times as long as broad,52.Obovate, inversely ovate, the broad end upward,53.Obovoid, solid obovate.Obtuse, blunt or round at the end,54.Obverse, same asinverse.Obvolute(in the bud), when the margins of one piece or leaf alternately overlap those of the opposite one.Ocellate, with a circular colored patch, like an eye.Ochroleucous, yellowish-white; dull cream-color.Ocreate, furnished withOcreæ(boots), or stipules in the form of sheaths,67.Octo-, Latin for eight, enters into the composition ofOctagynous, with eight pistils or styles;Octamerous, its parts in eights;Octandrous, with eight stamens, &c.Oculate, with eye-shaped marking.Officinal, used in medicine, therefore kept in the shops.Offset, short branches next the ground which take root,40.Oides, termination, from the Greek, to denote likeness; soDianthoides, Pink-like.Oleraceous, esculent, as a pot-herb.Oligos, Greek for few; thusOliganthous, few-flowered, &c.Olivaceous, olive-green.Oophoridium, a name for spore-case containing macrospores.Opaque, applied to a surface, means dull, not shining.Operculate, furnished with a lid (Operculum), as the spore-case of Mosses,163.Opposite, said of leaves and branches when on opposite sides of the stem from each other (i. e. in pairs),29,68. Stamens are opposite the petals, &c., when they stand before them.Oppositifolius, situated opposite a leaf.Orbicular,Orbiculate, circular in outline, or nearly so,52.Order, group below class,178.Ordinal names,180.Organ, any member of the plant, as a leaf, a stamen, &c.Organography, study of organs,9.Organogenesis, that of the development of organs.Orgyalis, of the height of a man.Orthos, Greek for straight; thus,Orthocarpous, with straight fruit;Orthostichous, straight-ranked.Orthotropous(ovule or seed),111.Osseous, of a bony texture.Outgrowths, growths from the surface of a leaf, petal, &c.Oval, broadly elliptical,52.Ovary, that part of the pistil containing the ovules or future seeds,14,80,105.Ovate, shaped like an egg, with the broader end downwards; or, in plain surfaces, such as leaves, like the section of an egg lengthwise,52.Ovoid, ovate or oval in a solid form.Ovule, the body which is destined to become a seed,14,80,105,110.Ovuliferous, ovule-bearing.
Ob-(meaning over against), when prefixed to words signifies inversion; as,Obcompressed, flattened the opposite of the usual way;Obcordate, heart-shaped, with the broad and notched end at the apex instead of the base,54;Oblanceolate, lance-shaped with the tapering point downwards,52.
Oblique, applied to leaves, &c., means unequal-sided.
Oblong, from two to four times as long as broad,52.
Obovate, inversely ovate, the broad end upward,53.Obovoid, solid obovate.
Obtuse, blunt or round at the end,54.
Obverse, same asinverse.
Obvolute(in the bud), when the margins of one piece or leaf alternately overlap those of the opposite one.
Ocellate, with a circular colored patch, like an eye.
Ochroleucous, yellowish-white; dull cream-color.
Ocreate, furnished withOcreæ(boots), or stipules in the form of sheaths,67.
Octo-, Latin for eight, enters into the composition ofOctagynous, with eight pistils or styles;Octamerous, its parts in eights;Octandrous, with eight stamens, &c.
Oculate, with eye-shaped marking.
Officinal, used in medicine, therefore kept in the shops.
Offset, short branches next the ground which take root,40.
Oides, termination, from the Greek, to denote likeness; soDianthoides, Pink-like.
Oleraceous, esculent, as a pot-herb.
Oligos, Greek for few; thusOliganthous, few-flowered, &c.
Olivaceous, olive-green.
Oophoridium, a name for spore-case containing macrospores.
Opaque, applied to a surface, means dull, not shining.
Operculate, furnished with a lid (Operculum), as the spore-case of Mosses,163.
Opposite, said of leaves and branches when on opposite sides of the stem from each other (i. e. in pairs),29,68. Stamens are opposite the petals, &c., when they stand before them.
Oppositifolius, situated opposite a leaf.
Orbicular,Orbiculate, circular in outline, or nearly so,52.
Order, group below class,178.Ordinal names,180.
Organ, any member of the plant, as a leaf, a stamen, &c.
Organography, study of organs,9.Organogenesis, that of the development of organs.
Orgyalis, of the height of a man.
Orthos, Greek for straight; thus,Orthocarpous, with straight fruit;Orthostichous, straight-ranked.
Orthotropous(ovule or seed),111.
Osseous, of a bony texture.
Outgrowths, growths from the surface of a leaf, petal, &c.
Oval, broadly elliptical,52.
Ovary, that part of the pistil containing the ovules or future seeds,14,80,105.
Ovate, shaped like an egg, with the broader end downwards; or, in plain surfaces, such as leaves, like the section of an egg lengthwise,52.
Ovoid, ovate or oval in a solid form.
Ovule, the body which is destined to become a seed,14,80,105,110.
Ovuliferous, ovule-bearing.
Palate, a projection of the lower lip of a labiate corolla into the throat, as in Snapdragon, &c.Palea(pluralpaleæ), chaff; the inner husks of Grasses; the chaff or bracts on the receptacle of many Compositæ, as Coreopsis, and Sunflower.Paleaceous, furnished with chaff, or chaffy in texture.Paleolate, havingPaleolæor paleæ of a second order, or narrow paleæ.Palet, English term for palea.Palmate, when leaflets or the divisions of a leaf all spread from the apex of the petiole, like the hand with the outspread fingers,57,58.Palmately(veined, lobed, &c.), in a palmate manner,51,56.Palmatifid,-lobed,-sect, palmately cleft, or lobed, or divided.Paludose, inhabiting marshes.Palustrine, same.Panduriform, orPandurate,fiddle-shaped(which see).Panicle, an open and branched cluster,81.Panicled,Paniculate, arranged in panicles, or like a panicle.Pannose, covered with a felt of woolly hairs.Papery, of about the consistence of letter-paper.Papilionaceous, butterfly-shaped; applied to such a corolla as that of the Pea,91.Papilla(pluralpapillæ), little nipple-shaped protuberances.Papillate,Papillose, covered with papillæ.Pappus, thistle-down. The down crowning the achenium of the Thistle, Groundsel, &c., and whatever in Compositæ answers to calyx, whether hairs, teeth, or scales,121.Papyraceous, like parchment in texture.Parallel-veinedornerved(leaves),50.Paraphyses, jointed filaments mixed with the antheridia of Mosses.Parasitic, living as a parasite, i. e. on another plant or animal,37.Parenchemytous, composed of parenchyma.Parenchyma, soft cellular tissue of plants, like the green pulp of leaves,132.Parietal(placentæ, &c.), attached to the walls (parietes) of the ovary.Paripinnate, pinnate with an even number of leaflets.Parted, separated or cleft into parts almost to the base,55.Parthenogenesis, producing seed without fertilization.Partial involucre, same as aninvolucel;partial petiole, a division of a main leaf-stalk or the stalk of a leaflet;partial peduncle, a branch of a peduncle;partial umbel, an umbellet,76.Partition, a segment of apartedleaf; or an internal wall in an ovary, anther, &c.Patelliform, disk-shaped, like thepatellaor kneepan.Patent, spreading, open.Patulous, moderately spreading.Pauci-, in composition, few; aspauciflorous, few-flowered, &c.Pear-shaped, solid obovate, the shape of a pear.Pectinate, pinnatifid or pinnately divided into narrow and close divisions, like the teeth of a comb.Pedate, like a bird's foot; palmate or palmately cleft, with the side divisions again cleft, as in Viola pedata, &c.Pedicel, the stalk of each particular flower of a cluster,73.Pedicellate,Pedicelled, borne on a pedicel.Pedalis, Latin for a foot high or long.Peduncle, a flower-stalk, whether of a single flower or of a flower-cluster,73.Peduncled,Pedunculate, furnished with a peduncle.Peloria, an abnormal return to regularity and symmetry in an irregular flower; commonest in Snapdragon.Peltate, shield-shaped; said of a leaf, whatever its shape, when the petiole is attached to the lower side, somewhere within the margin,53.Pelviform, basin-shaped.Pendent, hanging.Pendulous, somewhat hanging or drooping.Penicillate,Penicilliform, tipped with a tuft of fine hairs, like a painter's pencil; as the stigmas of some Grasses.Pennate, same as pinnate.PenninervedandPenniveined, pinnately veined,51.Penta-(in words of Greek composition), five; asPentadelphous,99;Pentagynous, with five pistils or styles;Pentamerous, with its parts in fives, or on the plan of five;Pentandrous, having five stamens,112;Pentastichous, in five ranks, &c.Pepo, a fruit like the Melon and Cucumber,119.Perennial, lasting from year to year,38.Perfect(flower), having both stamens and pistils,81.Perfoliate, passing through the leaf, in appearance,60.Perforate, pierced with holes, or with transparent dots resembling holes, as an Orange-leaf.Peri-, Greek for around; from which are such terms asPerianth, the leaves of the flower collectively,79.Pericarp, the ripened ovary; the walls of the fruit,117.Pericarpic, belonging to the pericarp.Perigonium,Perigone, same asperianth.Perigynium, bodies around the pistil; applied to the closed cup or bottle-shaped body (of bracts) which encloses the ovary of Sedges, and to the bristles, little scales, &c., of the flowers of some other Cyperaceæ.Perigynous, the petals and stamens borne on the calyx,95,99.Peripheric, around the outside, or periphery, of any organ.Perisperm, a name for the albumen of a seed.Peristome, the fringe of teeth to the spore-case of Mosses,163.Persistent, remaining beyond the period when such parts commonly fall, as the leaves of evergreens, and the calyx of such flowers as persist during the growth of the fruit.Personate, masked; a bilabiate corolla with apalatein the throat,92.Pertuse, perforated with a hole or slit.Perulate, having scales (Perulæ), such as bud-scales.Pes,pedis, Latin for the foot or support, whenceLongipes, long-stalked, &c.Petal, a leaf of the corolla,14,79.Petalody, metamorphosis of stamens, &c., into petals.Petaloid,Petaline, petal-like; resembling or colored like petals.Petiole, a footstalk of a leaf; a leaf-stalk,49.Petioled,Petiolate, furnished with a petiole.Petiolulate, said of a leaflet when raised on its own partial leaf-stalk.Petræus, Latin for growing on rocks.Phalanx,phalanges, bundles of stamens.Phænogamous, orPhanerogamous, plants bearing flowers and producing seeds; same as Flowering Plants.Phænogams,Phanerogams,10.Phlœum, Greek name for bark, whenceEndophlœum, inner bark, &c.Phœniceous, deep red verging to scarlet.Phycology, the botany of Algæ.Phyllocladia, branches assuming the form and function of leaves.Phyllodium(plural,phyllodia), a leaf where the seeming blade is a dilated petiole, as in New Holland Acacias,61.Phyllome, foliar parts, those answering to leaves in their nature.Phyllon(plural,phylla), Greek for leaf and leaves; used in many compound terms and names.Phyllotaxis, orPhyllotaxy, the arrangement of leaves on the stem,67.Physiological Botany,9.Phytography, relates to characterizing and describing plants.Phyton, orPhytomer, a name used to designate the pieces which by their repetition make up a plant, theoretically, viz. a joint of stem with its leaf or pair of leaves.Pileusof a mushroom,172.Piliferous, bearing a slender bristle or hair (pilum), or beset with hairs.Pilose, hairy; clothed with soft slender hairs.Pinna, a primary division with its leaflets of a bipinnate or tripinnate leaf.Pinnule, a secondary division of a bipinnate or tripinnate leaf,66.Pinnate(leaf), when leaflets are arranged along the sides of a common petiole,57.Pinnately lobed,cleft,parted,divided,veined,56.Pinnatifid,Pinnatisect, same as pinnately cleft and pinnately parted,56.Pisiform, pea-shaped.Pistil, the seed-bearing organ of the flower,14,80,105.Pistillate, having a pistil,85.Pistillidium, the body which in Mosses answers to the pistil,159,164.Pitchers,64.Pith, the cellular centre of an exogenous stem,138.Placenta, the surface or part of the ovary to which the ovules are attached,107.Placentiform, nearly same as quoit-shaped.Plaited(in the bud), orPlicate, folded,72,98.Platy-, Greek for broad, in compounds, such asPlatyphyllous, broad-leaved, &c.Pleio-, Greek for full or abounding, used in compounds, such asPleiopetalous, of many petals, &c.Plumbeus, lead-colored.Plumose, feathery; when any slender body (such as a bristle of a pappus or a style) is beset with hairs along its sides, like the plume of a feather.Plumule, the bud or first shoot of a germinating plantlet above the cotyledons,13.Pluri-, in composition, many or several; asPlurifoliolate, with several leaflets.Pod, specially a legume,122; also may be applied to any sort of capsule.Podium, a footstalk or stipe, used only in Greek compounds, as (suffixed)Leptopodus, slender-stalked, or (prefixed)Podocephalus, with a stalked head, and inPodosperm, a seed stalk or funiculus.Pogon, Greek for beard, comes into various compounds.Pointless, destitute of any pointed tip, such as amucro,awn,acumination, &c.Pollen, the fertilizing powder contained in the anther,14,80,103.Pollen-growth,117.Polleniferous, pollen-bearing.Pollen-mass,Pollinium, the united mass of pollen,104, as in Milkweed and Orchis.Pollicaris, Latin for an inch long.Pollination, the application of pollen to the stigma,114.Poly-, in compound words of Greek origin, same asmulti-in those of Latin origin viz. many, asPolyadelphous, stamens united by their filaments into several bundles,100.Polyandrous, with numerous stamens (inserted on the receptacle),100.Polycarpic, term used by DeCandolle in the sense of perennial.Polycotyledonous, having many (more than two) cotyledons, as Pines,23.Polygamous, having some perfect and some unisexual flowers,85.Polygonal, many-angled.Polygynous, with many pistils or styles,105.Polymerous, formed of many parts of each set.Polymorphous, of several or varying forms.Polypetalous, when the petals are distinct or separate (whether few or many),89.Polyphyllous, many-leaved; formed of several distinct pieces.Polysepalous, same as the last when applied to the calyx,89.Polyspermous, many-seeded.Pome, the apple, pear, and similar fleshy fruits,119.Pomiferous, pome-bearing.Porrect, outstretched.Posteriorside or portion of a flower (when axillary) is that toward the axis,96.Pouch, the silicle or short pod, as of Shepherd's Purse,123.Præcocious(Latin,præcox), unusually early in development.Præfloration, same asæstivation,97.Præfoliation, same asvernation,71.Præmorse, ending abruptly, as if bitten off.Pratensis, Latin for growing in meadows.Prickles, sharp elevations of the bark, coming off with it, as of the Rose.Prickly, bearing prickles, or sharp projections like them.Primine, the outer coat of the covering of the ovule,110.Primordial, earliest formed; primordial leaves are the first after the cotyledons.Prismatic, prism-shaped; having three or more angles bounding flat sides.Procerous, tall, or tall and slim.Process, any projection from the surface or edge of a body.Procumbent, trailing on the ground,39.Procurrent, running through but not projecting.Produced, extended or projecting; the upper sepal of a Larkspur isproducedabove into a spur,87.Proliferous(literally, bearing offspring), where a new branch rises from an older one, or one head or cluster of flowers out of another.PropaculumorPropagulum, a shoot for propagation.Prosenchyma, a tissue of wood-cells.Prostrate, lying flat on the ground,39.ProtandrousorProterandrous, the anthers first maturing,116.Proteranthous, flowering before leafing.ProterogynousorProtogynous, the stigmas first to mature,116.ProthalliumorProthallus,160.Protoplasm, the soft nitrogenous lining or contents, or living part, of cells,129.Protos, Greek for first; in various compounds.Pruinose,Pruinate, frosted; covered with a powder like hoar-frost.Pseudo-, Greek for false.Pseudo-bulb, the aerial corms of epiphytic Orchids, &c.Psilos, Greek for bare or naked, used in many compounds.Pteridophyta,Pteridophytes,156.Pteris, Greek for wing, and general name for Fern, enters into many compounds.Puberulent, covered with fine and short or almost imperceptible down.Pubescent, hairy or downy, especially with fine and soft hairs orpubescence.PulverulentorPulveraceous, as if dusted with fine powder.Pulvinate, cushioned, or shaped like a cushion.Pumilus, low or little.Punctate, dotted, either with minute holes or what look as such.Puncticulate, minutely punctate.Pungent, prickly-tipped.Puniceous, carmine-red.Purpureus, originally red or crimson, more used for duller or bluish-red.Pusillus, weak and small, tiny.Putamen, the stone of a drupe, or the shell of a nut,120.Pygmæus, Latin for dwarf.Pyramidal, shaped like a pyramid.Pyrene,Pyrena, a seed-like nutlet or stone of a small drupe.Pyriform, pear-shaped.Pyxidate, furnished with a lid.Pyxis,Pyxidium, a pod opening round horizontally by a lid,124.
Palate, a projection of the lower lip of a labiate corolla into the throat, as in Snapdragon, &c.
Palea(pluralpaleæ), chaff; the inner husks of Grasses; the chaff or bracts on the receptacle of many Compositæ, as Coreopsis, and Sunflower.
Paleaceous, furnished with chaff, or chaffy in texture.
Paleolate, havingPaleolæor paleæ of a second order, or narrow paleæ.
Palet, English term for palea.
Palmate, when leaflets or the divisions of a leaf all spread from the apex of the petiole, like the hand with the outspread fingers,57,58.
Palmately(veined, lobed, &c.), in a palmate manner,51,56.
Palmatifid,-lobed,-sect, palmately cleft, or lobed, or divided.
Paludose, inhabiting marshes.Palustrine, same.
Panduriform, orPandurate,fiddle-shaped(which see).
Panicle, an open and branched cluster,81.
Panicled,Paniculate, arranged in panicles, or like a panicle.
Pannose, covered with a felt of woolly hairs.
Papery, of about the consistence of letter-paper.
Papilionaceous, butterfly-shaped; applied to such a corolla as that of the Pea,91.
Papilla(pluralpapillæ), little nipple-shaped protuberances.
Papillate,Papillose, covered with papillæ.
Pappus, thistle-down. The down crowning the achenium of the Thistle, Groundsel, &c., and whatever in Compositæ answers to calyx, whether hairs, teeth, or scales,121.
Papyraceous, like parchment in texture.
Parallel-veinedornerved(leaves),50.
Paraphyses, jointed filaments mixed with the antheridia of Mosses.
Parasitic, living as a parasite, i. e. on another plant or animal,37.
Parenchemytous, composed of parenchyma.
Parenchyma, soft cellular tissue of plants, like the green pulp of leaves,132.
Parietal(placentæ, &c.), attached to the walls (parietes) of the ovary.
Paripinnate, pinnate with an even number of leaflets.
Parted, separated or cleft into parts almost to the base,55.
Parthenogenesis, producing seed without fertilization.
Partial involucre, same as aninvolucel;partial petiole, a division of a main leaf-stalk or the stalk of a leaflet;partial peduncle, a branch of a peduncle;partial umbel, an umbellet,76.
Partition, a segment of apartedleaf; or an internal wall in an ovary, anther, &c.
Patelliform, disk-shaped, like thepatellaor kneepan.
Patent, spreading, open.Patulous, moderately spreading.
Pauci-, in composition, few; aspauciflorous, few-flowered, &c.
Pear-shaped, solid obovate, the shape of a pear.
Pectinate, pinnatifid or pinnately divided into narrow and close divisions, like the teeth of a comb.
Pedate, like a bird's foot; palmate or palmately cleft, with the side divisions again cleft, as in Viola pedata, &c.
Pedicel, the stalk of each particular flower of a cluster,73.
Pedicellate,Pedicelled, borne on a pedicel.
Pedalis, Latin for a foot high or long.
Peduncle, a flower-stalk, whether of a single flower or of a flower-cluster,73.
Peduncled,Pedunculate, furnished with a peduncle.
Peloria, an abnormal return to regularity and symmetry in an irregular flower; commonest in Snapdragon.
Peltate, shield-shaped; said of a leaf, whatever its shape, when the petiole is attached to the lower side, somewhere within the margin,53.
Pelviform, basin-shaped.
Pendent, hanging.Pendulous, somewhat hanging or drooping.
Penicillate,Penicilliform, tipped with a tuft of fine hairs, like a painter's pencil; as the stigmas of some Grasses.
Pennate, same as pinnate.PenninervedandPenniveined, pinnately veined,51.
Penta-(in words of Greek composition), five; asPentadelphous,99;Pentagynous, with five pistils or styles;Pentamerous, with its parts in fives, or on the plan of five;Pentandrous, having five stamens,112;Pentastichous, in five ranks, &c.
Pepo, a fruit like the Melon and Cucumber,119.
Perennial, lasting from year to year,38.
Perfect(flower), having both stamens and pistils,81.
Perfoliate, passing through the leaf, in appearance,60.
Perforate, pierced with holes, or with transparent dots resembling holes, as an Orange-leaf.
Peri-, Greek for around; from which are such terms as
Perianth, the leaves of the flower collectively,79.
Pericarp, the ripened ovary; the walls of the fruit,117.
Pericarpic, belonging to the pericarp.
Perigonium,Perigone, same asperianth.
Perigynium, bodies around the pistil; applied to the closed cup or bottle-shaped body (of bracts) which encloses the ovary of Sedges, and to the bristles, little scales, &c., of the flowers of some other Cyperaceæ.
Perigynous, the petals and stamens borne on the calyx,95,99.
Peripheric, around the outside, or periphery, of any organ.
Perisperm, a name for the albumen of a seed.
Peristome, the fringe of teeth to the spore-case of Mosses,163.
Persistent, remaining beyond the period when such parts commonly fall, as the leaves of evergreens, and the calyx of such flowers as persist during the growth of the fruit.
Personate, masked; a bilabiate corolla with apalatein the throat,92.
Pertuse, perforated with a hole or slit.
Perulate, having scales (Perulæ), such as bud-scales.
Pes,pedis, Latin for the foot or support, whenceLongipes, long-stalked, &c.
Petal, a leaf of the corolla,14,79.
Petalody, metamorphosis of stamens, &c., into petals.
Petaloid,Petaline, petal-like; resembling or colored like petals.
Petiole, a footstalk of a leaf; a leaf-stalk,49.
Petioled,Petiolate, furnished with a petiole.
Petiolulate, said of a leaflet when raised on its own partial leaf-stalk.
Petræus, Latin for growing on rocks.
Phalanx,phalanges, bundles of stamens.
Phænogamous, orPhanerogamous, plants bearing flowers and producing seeds; same as Flowering Plants.Phænogams,Phanerogams,10.
Phlœum, Greek name for bark, whenceEndophlœum, inner bark, &c.
Phœniceous, deep red verging to scarlet.
Phycology, the botany of Algæ.
Phyllocladia, branches assuming the form and function of leaves.
Phyllodium(plural,phyllodia), a leaf where the seeming blade is a dilated petiole, as in New Holland Acacias,61.
Phyllome, foliar parts, those answering to leaves in their nature.
Phyllon(plural,phylla), Greek for leaf and leaves; used in many compound terms and names.
Phyllotaxis, orPhyllotaxy, the arrangement of leaves on the stem,67.
Physiological Botany,9.
Phytography, relates to characterizing and describing plants.
Phyton, orPhytomer, a name used to designate the pieces which by their repetition make up a plant, theoretically, viz. a joint of stem with its leaf or pair of leaves.
Pileusof a mushroom,172.
Piliferous, bearing a slender bristle or hair (pilum), or beset with hairs.
Pilose, hairy; clothed with soft slender hairs.
Pinna, a primary division with its leaflets of a bipinnate or tripinnate leaf.
Pinnule, a secondary division of a bipinnate or tripinnate leaf,66.
Pinnate(leaf), when leaflets are arranged along the sides of a common petiole,57.
Pinnately lobed,cleft,parted,divided,veined,56.
Pinnatifid,Pinnatisect, same as pinnately cleft and pinnately parted,56.
Pisiform, pea-shaped.
Pistil, the seed-bearing organ of the flower,14,80,105.
Pistillate, having a pistil,85.
Pistillidium, the body which in Mosses answers to the pistil,159,164.
Pitchers,64.
Pith, the cellular centre of an exogenous stem,138.
Placenta, the surface or part of the ovary to which the ovules are attached,107.
Placentiform, nearly same as quoit-shaped.
Plaited(in the bud), orPlicate, folded,72,98.
Platy-, Greek for broad, in compounds, such asPlatyphyllous, broad-leaved, &c.
Pleio-, Greek for full or abounding, used in compounds, such asPleiopetalous, of many petals, &c.
Plumbeus, lead-colored.
Plumose, feathery; when any slender body (such as a bristle of a pappus or a style) is beset with hairs along its sides, like the plume of a feather.
Plumule, the bud or first shoot of a germinating plantlet above the cotyledons,13.
Pluri-, in composition, many or several; asPlurifoliolate, with several leaflets.
Pod, specially a legume,122; also may be applied to any sort of capsule.
Podium, a footstalk or stipe, used only in Greek compounds, as (suffixed)Leptopodus, slender-stalked, or (prefixed)Podocephalus, with a stalked head, and inPodosperm, a seed stalk or funiculus.
Pogon, Greek for beard, comes into various compounds.
Pointless, destitute of any pointed tip, such as amucro,awn,acumination, &c.
Pollen, the fertilizing powder contained in the anther,14,80,103.
Pollen-growth,117.Polleniferous, pollen-bearing.
Pollen-mass,Pollinium, the united mass of pollen,104, as in Milkweed and Orchis.
Pollicaris, Latin for an inch long.
Pollination, the application of pollen to the stigma,114.
Poly-, in compound words of Greek origin, same asmulti-in those of Latin origin viz. many, as
Polyadelphous, stamens united by their filaments into several bundles,100.
Polyandrous, with numerous stamens (inserted on the receptacle),100.
Polycarpic, term used by DeCandolle in the sense of perennial.
Polycotyledonous, having many (more than two) cotyledons, as Pines,23.
Polygamous, having some perfect and some unisexual flowers,85.
Polygonal, many-angled.
Polygynous, with many pistils or styles,105.
Polymerous, formed of many parts of each set.
Polymorphous, of several or varying forms.
Polypetalous, when the petals are distinct or separate (whether few or many),89.
Polyphyllous, many-leaved; formed of several distinct pieces.
Polysepalous, same as the last when applied to the calyx,89.
Polyspermous, many-seeded.
Pome, the apple, pear, and similar fleshy fruits,119.
Pomiferous, pome-bearing.
Porrect, outstretched.
Posteriorside or portion of a flower (when axillary) is that toward the axis,96.
Pouch, the silicle or short pod, as of Shepherd's Purse,123.
Præcocious(Latin,præcox), unusually early in development.
Præfloration, same asæstivation,97.
Præfoliation, same asvernation,71.
Præmorse, ending abruptly, as if bitten off.
Pratensis, Latin for growing in meadows.
Prickles, sharp elevations of the bark, coming off with it, as of the Rose.
Prickly, bearing prickles, or sharp projections like them.
Primine, the outer coat of the covering of the ovule,110.
Primordial, earliest formed; primordial leaves are the first after the cotyledons.
Prismatic, prism-shaped; having three or more angles bounding flat sides.
Procerous, tall, or tall and slim.
Process, any projection from the surface or edge of a body.
Procumbent, trailing on the ground,39.
Procurrent, running through but not projecting.
Produced, extended or projecting; the upper sepal of a Larkspur isproducedabove into a spur,87.
Proliferous(literally, bearing offspring), where a new branch rises from an older one, or one head or cluster of flowers out of another.
PropaculumorPropagulum, a shoot for propagation.
Prosenchyma, a tissue of wood-cells.
Prostrate, lying flat on the ground,39.
ProtandrousorProterandrous, the anthers first maturing,116.
Proteranthous, flowering before leafing.
ProterogynousorProtogynous, the stigmas first to mature,116.
ProthalliumorProthallus,160.
Protoplasm, the soft nitrogenous lining or contents, or living part, of cells,129.
Protos, Greek for first; in various compounds.
Pruinose,Pruinate, frosted; covered with a powder like hoar-frost.
Pseudo-, Greek for false.Pseudo-bulb, the aerial corms of epiphytic Orchids, &c.
Psilos, Greek for bare or naked, used in many compounds.
Pteridophyta,Pteridophytes,156.
Pteris, Greek for wing, and general name for Fern, enters into many compounds.
Puberulent, covered with fine and short or almost imperceptible down.
Pubescent, hairy or downy, especially with fine and soft hairs orpubescence.
PulverulentorPulveraceous, as if dusted with fine powder.
Pulvinate, cushioned, or shaped like a cushion.
Pumilus, low or little.
Punctate, dotted, either with minute holes or what look as such.
Puncticulate, minutely punctate.
Pungent, prickly-tipped.
Puniceous, carmine-red.
Purpureus, originally red or crimson, more used for duller or bluish-red.
Pusillus, weak and small, tiny.
Putamen, the stone of a drupe, or the shell of a nut,120.
Pygmæus, Latin for dwarf.
Pyramidal, shaped like a pyramid.
Pyrene,Pyrena, a seed-like nutlet or stone of a small drupe.
Pyriform, pear-shaped.
Pyxidate, furnished with a lid.
Pyxis,Pyxidium, a pod opening round horizontally by a lid,124.