Scandinavian,276;Dutch,319,325-26,330;Portuguese,364,365;Swiss,346,353-54;Brazilian,367;English,391,396,419n.Edward III,380,384,394n.;IV,392,393;VI,397Effen, Van,326Egypt, effect of Nile on polity of,56;civilisation of,64;culture of,68;art of,125,135;human sacrifice in,129;modern,177;Moslem,222Eichhorn,191Eleusinia, the,132Eliot,415,416Elizabeth,398,399-402Emerson,457Emigration, Greek,100;Scandinavian,270-71;Swiss,348,353Emilius, Paulus,78Empire, sociological process of, in Rome,25sq.,33,87sq.,92,166,170sq.;in Byzantium,115sq.;in Greece,133sq.;in Turkey,176;in Florence,249,252;in Scandinavia,265,271;in Holland,316,324;in France,320;in Britain,323,384,386;in Portugal,356sq.;and literature,359Enclosures,393,403England, evolution of, in Anglo-Saxon times,61,191,192,204,370,374-75;after Conquest,69n.,212,288,371sq.,376,384;in Tudor period,392sq.;process of Rebellion,414-17;Cromwell's rule,417-23;Restoration politics,423,436sq.;influence on French culture,138;influence on German culture,139;and Spain,406-7,420;in eighteenth century,229;Reformation in,238,396sq.;Industrial evolution of,458sq.;present polity of,72,79,87sq.,261;and Holland,318,319,320,323,425,463;and France,320,384,392Ennius,158,165Epicurus,135Epimenides,133Equality, schemes of,104Equilibrium, social,71,114Erasmus,348Erik I and II,268Essex,399n.,406,407Etruscans and Romans,16,158,159n.;civilisation of,25,185;unity of,68Euripides,46,131Europe, political variety of,59Exposure of infants,100,270Ezzelino,239Falkland,423Fatalistic reasoning in politics,178Faustrecht,286,378Favourites, royal,382-83,415,468Federalism, in Greece,51-52;in Italy,233;in Netherlands,295,309;in Switzerland,331,332sq.Ferdinand, Duke,224Ferguson, cited,14Ferrero, on Roman character,8n.;on Roman trade,11n.,76n.,79n.,83sq.;as sociologist,75;on Roman civilisation,176Feudalism,199sq.,295,335,371,374,395Filmer,441n.,442,443Finance, Roman,77sq.,92sq.,119-20,175;Byzantine,96,116;Greek,106sq.;Spanish,309,311;Papal,221,223;Dutch,310-11,328;Portuguese,363,364;English,88,397-98,419,420Finland,278,283n.Finlay, as sociologist,38;on Roman finance,78;on Roman decline,94;on Byzantium and Lombard invasion,95;on Eastern Empire,97,115,119-20,143;on Greece under Roman Empire,113n.;on Christianity and slavery,118n.;on philosophic schools at Athens,143Fisheries, Danish,273-74;Dutch,293,311,313,317,329;Portuguese,355Flanders, 288n.,294,295,296,302,309,311,321,380Fletcher of Saltoun,455Flint, Prof., cited,73,74Floods in Netherlands,298Florence, constitutions of,202,211,240,241,243,245;political evolution of,206-7,243sq.;factions at,202,207,213,236n.,239sq.;and her allies,208;industry of,211,218;wealth of,217,219;interest at,217n.;art in,220,226,227n.;and papacy,223;under Duke Ferdinand,224;literature of,226;causes of eminence of,229;commercial development of,231;militarism at,231;and Pisa,237,248,252-53;and Venice,243,249;under Medici,249sq.;taxation in,251;collapse of,254Food and polity,11n.,55,65,73,293,315Ford,413Fowler, W. Warde,37; cited,23n.,29n.,66,161n.France, intellectual evolution of,138,140,212;and Holland,319,464-65;and England,320,323,377-78;empire in,320;religion in,321;population in,322-23;and Switzerland,349Franks, polity of,186,188,192,197Frederick Barbarossa,210,216,235---- II,211,216,219---- the Great,139---- of Denmark,276Freedom of the press,310,344Freeman, on Greek federation,51-52;on Greek history,66;on Athenian citizenship,124n.;on Simon de Montfort,382Free trade,284,465French politics,1-3. SeeFrance---- Academy,444n.,445---- Revolution,72,149n.,397,449Fribourg,337,338,344,346Fronde, the,415n.,436Fronto,167Frontiers, theories of,178Froude,402Fustel de Coulanges,52,67,265n.Fyffe, cited,66Gaeta,204n.Galileo,227Galton,121Gardiner, on House of Commons,380n.,382;on Lollardism,396n.;on Scotch Calvinism,398;on Elizabeth,400n.,401,402;on Henry VIII,401;on Eliot,416;on Cromwell,419-20,425n.,427n.;on Lilburne,424n.;on Drogheda,428-30;on Barbone Parliament,432Gasquet, Dr.,388Gaul, Roman and Christian,94,167,173,192Gaultier de Brienne,244Gee,464Geijer,264n.,272Gelasius,194Geneva,341,343,344,347,349,350,353,410Genius, in politics,15;evocation of,63,121sq.Genoa,204,211,218,225,229,248;modern,255-56Geographical causation,28,124,293,295,332,335Germany, effects of subdivision of,58;trade of,79;intellectual evolution of,138-9,340;political and social evolution of,184sq.,222,286,378;medieval,216;Reformation in,238,239,342Ghent,295,296,300Ghibelines and Guelphs,209-10,226,239sq.Gibbon, on Byzantium,144;on population of Roman Empire,172n.;on pestilence in the Empire,174;and Sismondi,187;on Theodoric,188n.;on the Lombards,196;on Roman slavery,374Giddings,5Gilds, German,199;trade,207,379,393,394Giles, H.A., cited,6n.,73n.Gillies,38Glarus,336,337,338,344,347Gneist,375Godkin, L., cited,38n.,62Gold-mining,80,92-3,358,363,460Gondebald,187Gontran,187Gospels and slavery,118Goths,184,186,192Gouraud, C.,28n.Gray,56Gracchi,20,21,24,81,82n.Gratian,90Grattan, T.C.,291Greece, superstition and ignorance in,46sq.;structure of,53,64,65;population in,101sq.;industry in,109,113;conquests of,78,98,110;under Roman Empire,112-14;evocation of art in,123sq.;literature in,126sq.Greek civilisation,64,68,121sq.;in Italy,29;evolution of,36sq.,98sq.,159;modern,156-57"Greek fire,"116Green, Captain,455Green, J.R., on Anglo-Saxons and Christianity,266n.,372;on English slavery,372,373,374;on Reformation,397;on Elizabeth,400;on English poverty,403n.;on Hobbes,421n.;on Shaftesbury,438n.Greene,411,412Greenidge, cited,12,14n.Gregorovius,182, cited,188n.,189n.,210,212n.Gregory the Great,197,212n.,374---- VII,212n.SeeHildebrandt---- X,240---- XIII,223Grenvelle,304Grisons,338,346Grote,37,331;on Solon,41;on Greek polity,44;on Athenian Imperialism,47sq.;on Pericles,49;on culture contacts,58,64;on "race,"64,66,131-32;on Lycurgus,99;on Greek infantici de,101;on Lesbos,126;on Athenian drama,127;on Sparta,131;on Crete,131-32;on Switzerland,331n.,332n.,354Grotius,309,310,326,442n.Grundy, Dr. G.B.,36,65Gubbio,225Guicciardini, F.,232n.---- L.,