291,313Guilliman,334Guizot, on Roman Empire and Christianity,26n.,96;on European progress,58;on Gaulish monasteries,167;on Christian persecution,168n.;on Teutonic barbarism,184n.;on Charlemagne,189;on France and Germany,192n.;on decline of slavery,213-14,215;on the Reformation,238Gustavus Vasa,274,277Guthry, Bishop,441Hadrian,113Hakam I,154---- II,153Halifax,451Hallam, on genius,121;on the Lombards and Italy,198;on feudalism,201;on Venice,229;on Simon de Montfort,382;on Henry VII,392n.;on English nobility under Henry VIII,396;on Anne,468n.;on Ireland,451n.;on Whigs and Tories,421n.;on Charles I,417n.;on James I,414n.Hamburg,287Handel,140Hannibal,30Hansa,274,286-90;of London,287,288,393Harald Bluetooth,268Harald Klak,268Hardwick,266,267Haren, Van,326Harold Fairhair,268Harrington,443Harrison, F.425-26,428-30Hartmann, L.M.,182Hassencamp,450n.,452Hawkwood, Sir J.,248Hazlitt, W., cited,396n.---- W. C,181Heeren, cited and discussed,37,39n.,234,237Hegel, cited and discussed,5n.,58---- Karl,199,379n.Hegewisch,138Hektemorioi, the,41Henry the Fowler,197n.---- the Navigator,356---- IV of England,391---- V of England,386,391---- VII of England,394---- VIII of England,395,401,402Heracleia,104Heraclius,115-16Heredity, official,120,199,235Heredium, the Roman,12sq.Heresy,97,115,168,300,303,390Herodotus,127, cited,44,129Hertzberg,38,67,113n.Heyd, W. von,183,222Hiero,136Hildebrandt,59n.,203,206,235Hill, Rev. G.,371Hippocrates,127Hippodamus,104Hisham,154Historiography, modern,viii,ix;Greek,127Hobbes,421-22;on communism,13Hochart, on Constantine,27n.Hodgkin, T.,181, cited184n.,202n.Holbein,408Holberg,281Holland, primary conditions of,293;slavery in medieval,295-6;empire of,312;political evolution of,294sq.;historiography of,291-2;industry in,294,296,310sq.;factions in,296-7,298,299;despotism in,300;revolt of,301sq.;religious distribution in,307;constitution of,309;commerce of,310sq.,328-9;finance and currency of,310-11;public debt of,312,328;and England,318,320,323,425,463;and France,319,320,464-65;decline of,321sq.;capitalism in,324;culture evolution of,325sq.;art in,327-28;population in,327,328-30Holm,37,134n.,136n.,141Homer,126Honorius,94,173,185Hooft,326Hooker,441"Hooks and Codfish,"298Horace,165,166Houses, Athenian,105; Italian,205Howell,325,463Hudson, H.,312Huguenots,272,303,321,343,438Humanists, Italian,227Hume, cited,58,102,109,133n.,348n.Huns,184,185,197Hunt, W.,181Huxley, cited,61Hygiene, ancient,91Ibn Khaldun,155-56Ibsen,282Iceland,270,271,278sq.,340Ihne, cited,16n.Illyria,194Image-worship,145Imperialism, Roman,25sq.,89;Athenian,47sq.;Greek,50sq.;Ancient and modern,177sq.;Barbaric,189;Danish,269,271;Dutch,318;British,323,384,407,420-21India, evolution of,74;British,57n.,177,179;Portuguese,358,362Indigitamenta,160n.Indulgences, Catholic,342Industry, in Greece,109;in Italian cities,205,211,218-19;in Netherlands,294,296;in Iceland,454;in Spain,461;modern,467Infanticide,26,38,100,117Innocent III,236---- IV,210Inquisition,303,308,362,406Interest, Roman limitation of,20;Roman,79andnote;Florentine,217n.;in Holland,313,321Ionia. SeeAsia MinorIreland,189,192,378;English misgovernment of,406,418,426-33,450sq.Ireton,429Islam,61,149,153,154,179Isocrates,50Isolation and polity,56,144Italy, structure of,28;Greek cities of,29;modern, economics of,85;post-Roman, evolution of,85,183sq.;medieval, culture evolution in,90,152,209sq.;republican collapse in,233sq.SeeRomeJacquerie,387James I,398,401,414,415,461---- II,444,452Japan, evolution of,69-70,74Java,312,329Jeffreys,444Jesuits,350,362-63Jewry,67,125,146Jews, modern,358,361John II of Portugal,355,357John, King,392Johnson,442n.Jonson, Ben,412,413Julian,57n.,94Juste,292Justice, in Greece,48Justin,95Justinian,96,116,118,143,449Juvenal,166Kampen, J. van,292,307Kant,138;cited,5Keightley,161Kemble, J.M.,371,372,373Keymor,317,325Kings, Roman,18Kleisthenes,44Kleon,50Knox,398Knut,268,271Koran, the,154Kyd,411,412Ladislaus,249Lætus, P.,227Laing,281n.,325Laissez-faire,135Lamprecht,viii,ixLand question, in Rome,11sq.,77;in Greece,40,104;in Anglo-Saxon England,375Lane-Poole, S., cited,151,155Langlois and Seignobos,421n.Language, in politics,158n.,191,258,385;and culture,221,326Lanzone,206Larroque, cited,214n.Laud,415n.Laurium, mines of,106-7Law, Roman,112,197,205;Teutonic,195-96,197;schools of,212Leagues, Greek,51;Italian,207;German,286,287,336;Swiss,334,336sq.,350Lecky,391Leclerc, L., cited,150Leghorn,224Leibnitz,325Leicester,400Lennep, J. van,292Leo the Isaurian,145---- X,221,223,253---- H.,182,199,204n.,206,209n.Leopardi,470Le Play,1n.,34Lesbos,126,136Leslie, Cliffe,405Liberalism,421,423Licinian laws,19,80Lilburne,424Lisbon,312,358,364Literature, evolution of, in Greece,126sq.;in Rome,165sq.;in Italy,212-13,226;in Sicily and Provence,219-20;in Scandinavia,278sq.;in Holland,326;in Germany,340;in Portugal,359,363;in England,384,408-13;and empire,359Livy,164Locke,442,446andnote,448Lollardism,305,390-91,396Lombards, polity of,188,194sq.,203,204Long, G.,79n.Lope de Vega,359,413Louis the Fat,214Louis XIV,319,320,321,436Louvain,297Louvois,320Lübeck,287Lucan,166Lucca,218Lucerne,334,335,338,339,346,349Lucretius,165Lucullus,79n.Luther,342Lyall, Sir A.,177Lycurgus,44,99Lynch-law,378Macaulay, Lord,76,133n.,255,419n.,423---- G.C.,411-13Mackintosh,381n.McCrie,238McCullagh,38,292;cited295McCulloch,292;on Roman doles,83;on the Dutch,328McDiarmid,407Machiavelli,226,254;on the Lombards,188n.;on the Papacy,210;on Florence,217;ideal of,233;on Guelphs,239Magellan,357Magna Carta,380n.,381,391,392Mahaffy, as sociologist,37;on prehistoric civilisation,15;on Greek infanticide,101;on Greek population,102;on Greek commerce,109;on Cilician pirates,110;