Hydrocena, ii.521Hydrochelidon, ii.364Hydrochœrus, N. American Post-Pliocene, i. 130Hydrochœrus, ii.241Hydrocissa, ii.317Hydrocyon, ii.445Hydrogale, ii.199Hydromedusa, ii.408Hydromys, ii.230Hydrophasianus, ii.355HYDROPHIDÆ, ii.384Hydrophis, ii.384Hydropotes, ii.219Hydropsalis, ii.319Hydrornis, European Miocene, i. 162ii.298Hydrosaurus, ii.389Hyetornis, ii.309Hygrogonus, ii.439Hyla, ii.418Hylactes, ii.297Hylambates, ii.419Hylaplesia, ii.415HYLAPLESIDÆ, ii.414Hylarana, ii.419Hylatomus, ii.303Hylella, ii.418HYLIDÆ, ii.418Hyliota, ii.270Hylobates, ii.171Hylocharis, ii.109ii.271Hylodes, ii.419Hylomanes, ii.313Hylomys, ii.186Hylophilus, ii.280Hylorhina, ii.420Hylotrupes, ii.502Hyloxalus, ii.419Hymenolaimus, ii.364HYODONTIDÆ, ii.453Hyohippus, N. American Tertiary, i. 135Hyomoschus, European Miocene, i. 120ii.218Hyopicus, ii.303Hyopotamus, European Miocene, i. 119N. American Tertiary, i. 137ii.216Hyopsodus, N. American Tertiary, i. 133Hyotherium, European Miocene, i. 119ii.215Hypargos, ii.287Hyperantha, ii.496Hypergerus, ii.261Hypermnestra, ii.479Hyperodapedon, ii.405Hyperolius, ii.417Hyperoodon, ii.208HYPEROODONTIDÆ, ii.208Hyperopsius, ii.448Hypertragulus, N. American Tertiary, i. 138Hyphantornis, ii.286Hypherpes, ii.265Hypisodus, N. American Tertiary, i. 138Hypna, ii.474Hypnale, ii.385Hypochera, ii.287Hypochrysops, ii.477Hypocista, ii.471Hypocnemis, ii.104Hypocolius, ii.272Hypodes, ii.272Hypogeomys, ii.230Hypolais, ii.258Hypolithus, ii.491Hypolycæna, ii.477Hypomesus, ii.477Hypopachus, ii.416Hypophthalmichthys, ii.453Hypophthalmus, ii.442Hypopyrrhus, ii.282Hyporissus, ii.190Hypothymis, ii.271Hypoxanthus, ii.304Hypsipetes, ii.267Hypsiprymnus, Australian Post-Tertiary, i. 157ii.251Hypsirhina, ii.376Hypsirhynchus, ii.375Hyrachyus, N. American Tertiary, i. 136HYRACIDÆ, ii.228Hyracodon, N. American Tertiary, i. 136ii.214ii.248Hyracoidea, classification of, i. 90Palæarctic, i. 242Ethiopian, i. 304HYRACOIDEA, ii.228Hyracotherium, supposed, in European Eocene, i. 125European Eocene, i. 126ii.216ii.229Hyrax, ii.228HYSTRICIDÆ, ii.240Hystricodon, ii.445Hystrix, European Pliocene, i. 113Miocene of Greece, i. 116N. American Tertiary, i. 140ii.240I.Ialmenus, ii.477Ianthœnas, ii.332Ianthina, ii.511Ibidipodia, European Miocene, i. 162Ibidorhynchus, ii.353Ibidorhynchus, figure of, i. 331Ibis, ii.360Ibises, ii.360Ibycter, ii.347Iceland, zoology of, i. 198Ichneumia, ii.195Ichthyoborus, ii.445Ichthyopsis, ii.411Icteria, ii.279ICTERIDÆ, ii.281Icterus, ii.282Icthyornis, N. American Cretaceous, i. 164Icticyonin Brazilian caves, i. 144ii.197Ictinia, ii.349Ictitherium, Miocene of Greece, i. 115European Miocene, i. 118ii.195ii.197Ictonyx, ii.199Ictops, N. American Tertiary, i. 133Ideopsis, ii.470Idmais, ii.478Iguana, ii.401Iguanas, ii.400IGUANIDÆ, ii.400Ilerda, ii.477Ilicura, ii.102India, Miocene fauna of, allied to that of Europe, i. 123geological features of, i. 328Indian sub-region, description of, i. 321supposed relation to Ethiopian region, i. 321mammalia of, i. 322birds of, i. 323reptiles and amphibia of, i. 326Indicator, ii.304INDICATORIDÆ, ii.304Indo-Chinese sub-region, description of, i. 329zoological characteristics of, i. 330illustration of, i. 331reptiles of, i. 331amphibia of, i. 331insects of, i. 332islands belonging to, i. 333Indo-Malayan sub-region, description of, i. 334mammalia of, i. 336illustrations of, i. 336, 339birds of, i. 337remote geographical relations of, i. 339reptiles and amphibia of, i. 340fishes of, i. 341insects of, i. 341coleoptera of, i. 342terrestrial mollusca of, i. 343zoological relations of islands of, i. 345recent geographical changes in, i. 357probable origin of fauna of, i. 359Inia, ii.209Insectivora, European Miocene, i. 117N. American Post-Pliocene, i. 129N. American Tertiary, i. 133Insectivora, classification of, i. 87of the Palæarctic region, i. 181of N. China and E. Thibet, i. 222range of Palæarctic genera of, i. 239of Madagascar, i. 273range of Ethiopian genera of, i. 301of the Oriental region, i. 315range of Oriental genera of, i. 372range of Australian genera of, i. 476INSECTIVORA, ii.186general remarks on the distribution of, ii.191summary and conclusion, ii.541Insects, means of dispersal of, i. 32tenacity of life of, i. 33adapted to special conditions, i. 33groups selected for the study of their geographical distribution, i. 102antiquity of the genera of, i. 166fossil of European Miocene, i. 166European Cretaceous, i. 167European Wealden, i. 167Palæozoic, i. 168Palæarctic, i. 187of Central Europe, i. 196of the Mediterranean sub-region, i. 205of the Siberian sub-region, i. 220of the Manchurian sub-region, i. 227of the Ethiopian region, i. 255of the E. African sub-region, i. 260of W. African, i. 265S. African, i. 268of Madagascar, i. 282general remarks on, i. 284of tropical Africa and America, probable cause of similarities in, i. 291of Indo-Chinese sub-region, i. 332of the Oriental region, i. 318of Ceylon, i. 327of Indo-Malay sub-region, i. 341statistics of collecting in the various islands of the Malay Archipelago, i. 343of the Australian region, i. 403of New Guinea, i. 417of the Moluccas, i. 420of the Timor group, i. 426of Celebes, i. 454of New Zealand, i. 458scarcity of, in New Zealand, i. 462influence of, on the flora, i. 463of the Neotropical region, ii.13of S. Temperate America, ii.42of S. Temperate America, Palæarctic affinity of, ii.45of the Mexican sub-region, ii.55of the Antilles, ii.73of the Nearctic region, ii.122of Canada, ii.137distribution of, ii.468range of, in time, ii.469summary and conclusion, ii.550lines of migration of, ii.551Iodopleura, ii.102Iolæma, ii.107Iolaus, ii.477Iole, ii.267Iora, ii.267Iphias, ii.478ii.394IPHISADÆ, ii.394Irena, ii.269Iridina, ii.534Iridornis, ii.98Irrisor, ii.318IRRISORIDÆ, ii.318Isacis, N. American Tertiary, i. 133Ischcognathus, ii.375Ischyromys, N. American Tertiary, i. 140ii.236Islands, N. European, zoology of, i. 197of the Mediterranean sub-region, i. 206of the W. African sub-region, i. 265of the Ethiopian region, i. 269Mascarene, i. 280of the Indo-Chinese sub-region, i. 333of the Indo-Malay sub-region, i. 345Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa, i. 443Society and Marquesas, i. 444New Caledonia and New Hebrides, i. 445Sandwich, i. 446of New Zealand sub-region, i. 453Norfolk, i. 453Lord Howe's, i. 454Chatham, i. 454Auckland, i. 455of Tropical S. America, ii.29of the Mexican sub-region, ii.59of Eastern United States, ii.134peculiar colours of pigeons in, ii.336abundance of land-shells in, ii.525Isodactylium, ii.413Ispidina, ii.316Issiodromys, European Pliocene, i. 113ii.232Ithaginis, ii.340Ithomia, ii.470Ithycyphus, ii.379Ixalus, ii.419Ixonotus, ii.267Ixulus, ii.266J.Jacamaralcyon, ii.311Jacamars, ii.311Jacamerops, ii.311Jacanas, ii.255Jacchus, in Brazilian caves, i. 144Jaculus, ii.232Jaltris, ii.375Jamaicia, ii.521Janella, ii.517Janthocincla, ii.261Japalura, ii.402Japan and North China, physical features of, i. 221southern extremity of perhaps belongs to the Oriental region, i. 226Japan, general character of the fauna of, i. 230former land-connexions of, i. 231Java, mammalia of, i. 349productions of, well known, i. 350birds of, i. 351representative species of birds in, i. 352origin of the anomalous features of its fauna, i. 352Sumatra and Borneo, their geographical contrasts and zoological peculiarities explained, i. 357Jays, ii.273Jenynsia, ii.450Jerboas, ii.231Juan Fernandez, Carabidæ of, ii.44birds of, ii.49beetles and land-shells of, ii.51Juida, ii.288Juliamyia, ii.109Junco, ii.284Junonia, European Miocene, i. 167ii.474K.Kagu, ii.359Kakapoe, of New Zealand, i. 455Kalophrynus, ii.415Kangaroos, extinct in Australia, i. 157ii.251Keneuxia, ii.397Kerguelen Island, apterous insects of, i. 211 (note)Kerodon, in Brazilian caves, i. 144S. American Pliocene, i. 147ii.241Ketingus, ii.443Ketupa, ii.350King-fisher, racquet-tailed, of New Guinea, figure of, i. 415King-fishers, ii.315Kittacincla, ii.259Kiwi of New Zealand, i. 455Kneria, ii.453Kobus, ii.224Koodoo antelope, figure of, i. 261Kricogonia, ii.478Krynickia, ii.517L.Labeo, ii.451Labrax, ii.425LABRIDÆ, ii.437Labrus, ii.437LABYRINTHICI, ii.434Lacerta, ii.391LACERTIDÆ, ii.390Lacertilia, classification of, i. 99LACERTILIA, ii.388general remarks on the distribution of, ii.403fossil, ii.404Lacuna, ii.510Ladrone Islands, birds of, i. 444Læmargus, ii.461Læmosthenes, ii.489Læosopis, ii.477Lafresnaya, ii.107Lagenocetus, ii.208Lagenorhynchus, ii.209Lagidium, ii.237LAGOMYIDÆ, ii.242Lagomys, European Pliocene, i. 113European Miocene, i. 120ii.242Lagopus, ii.339Lagorchestes, ii.251Lagostomus, in Brazilian caves, i. 145S. American Pliocene, i. 147ii.237Lagothrix, ii.174Lais, ii.442Lake Baikal, seals of, i. 218ii.206Lalage, ii.269Laletes, ii.280LAMIIDÆ, ii.498Lamna, ii.460LAMNIDÆ, ii.460Lampornis, ii.107Lampreys, ii.463Lamprima, ii.493Lampris, ii.429Lamprocolius, ii.288Lamprolæma, ii.107Lamrophis, ii.380Lampropsar, ii.282Lampropygia, ii.108Lamprospilus, ii.477Lamprospiza, ii.99Lamprotes, ii.98Lancelet, ii.464Land-lizards, ii.391Land and water, proportions of, i. 35Land and fresh-water shells, antiquity of the genera of, i. 168Land-shells, Palæozoic, i. 169Palæarctic, i. 190of Madeira, i. 209of the Cape Verd Islands, i. 215of the Ethiopian region, i. 257of W. Africa, i. 265of Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, i. 285of the Indo-Malay sub-region, i. 344of the Australian region, i. 407of the Sandwich Islands, i. 466of New Zealand, i. 459of the Neotropical region, ii.19of the Antilles, ii.75conditions favouring development of, ii.75of N. America, ii.124general observations on the distribution of, ii.522richness of islands in, ii.525their mode of diffusion, ii.525,528comparative distribution of Operculate and In-operculate, ii.526estimated numbers of, ii.526Land-snakes, ii.382Langaha, ii.379Laniarius, ii.272Lanicterus, ii.268Laniellus, ii.272LANIIDÆ, ii.272Lanio, ii.99Lanius, European Miocene, i. 161ii.272Laopithecus, N. American Tertiary, i. 133Laornis, N. American Cretaceous, i. 164Laprissa, ii.421LARIDÆ, ii.364Larimus, ii.428Larks, ii.289Larus, ii.364Larvivora, ii.259Lasiomys, ii.229Lasiuromys, ii.239Latax, ii.199Lates, ii.425Lathria, ii.102Latonia, ii.421Latrunculus, ii.430Layardia, ii.261Lea, Dr. Isaac, on N. American Unionidæ, ii.125Lebia, ii.489Lebiasina, ii.445Legatus, ii.101Leiocephalus, ii.401Leiolæmus, ii.401Leistes, ii.282Leistus, ii.489Leiuperus, ii.420Leiyla, ii.419Lemonias, ii.476Lemur, ii.176Lemur, fossil, ii.178Lemuravidæ, N. American Tertiary, i. 133Lemuravus, N. American Tertiary, i. 133Lemuria, a hypothetical land, i. 76Lemuridæ, European Eocene, i. 124LEMURIDÆ, ii.176Lemuroidea, range of Ethiopian genera of, i. 300range of Oriental genera of, i. 371LEMUROIDEA, ii.176Lemurs, ii.176Leonia, ii.521Lepadogaster, ii.436Lepictis, N. American Tertiary, i. 133Lepidocepalichthys, ii.453Lepidocephalus, ii.453Lepidogrammas, ii.309Lepidolarynx, ii.108Lepidoptera, cosmopolitan families of, i. 177table of Palæarctic families of, i. 238S. African, i. 268table of Ethiopian families of, i. 299of the Oriental region, i. 318table of Oriental families of, i. 369of the Australian region, i. 404table of Australian families of, i. 472of the Neotropical region, ii.13of the Antilles, ii.73table of Neotropical families of, ii.90of the Nearctic region, ii.122Nearctic families of, ii.143LEPIDOPTERA, ii.470Lepidosiren, ii.458LEPIDOSTEIDÆ, ii.459Lepidosteus, ii.459LEPIDOSTERNIDÆ, ii.389Lepidosternon, ii.389Lepilemur, ii.176Lepistes, ii.450LEPORIDÆ, ii.242Leporinus, ii.445Lepricornis, ii.476Leprodera, ii.501Leptalis, ii.478Leptarchus, N. American Tertiary, i. 135ii.202Leptasthenura, ii.103Leptauchenia, N. American Tertiary, i. 138Leptobarbina, ii.452Leptobrachium, ii.421LEPTOCARDII, ii.464Leptocera, ii.502Leptochœrus, N. American Tertiary, i. 137ii.215Leptocircus, ii.479Leptodeira, ii.379Leptodon, Miocene of Greece, i. 116ii.214ii.349
Hydrocena, ii.521
Hydrochelidon, ii.364
Hydrochœrus, N. American Post-Pliocene, i. 130
Hydrochœrus, ii.241
Hydrocissa, ii.317
Hydrocyon, ii.445
Hydrogale, ii.199
Hydromedusa, ii.408
Hydromys, ii.230
Hydrophasianus, ii.355
HYDROPHIDÆ, ii.384
Hydrophis, ii.384
Hydropotes, ii.219
Hydropsalis, ii.319
Hydrornis, European Miocene, i. 162
ii.298
Hydrosaurus, ii.389
Hyetornis, ii.309
Hygrogonus, ii.439
Hyla, ii.418
Hylactes, ii.297
Hylambates, ii.419
Hylaplesia, ii.415
HYLAPLESIDÆ, ii.414
Hylarana, ii.419
Hylatomus, ii.303
Hylella, ii.418
HYLIDÆ, ii.418
Hyliota, ii.270
Hylobates, ii.171
Hylocharis, ii.109
ii.271
Hylodes, ii.419
Hylomanes, ii.313
Hylomys, ii.186
Hylophilus, ii.280
Hylorhina, ii.420
Hylotrupes, ii.502
Hyloxalus, ii.419
Hymenolaimus, ii.364
HYODONTIDÆ, ii.453
Hyohippus, N. American Tertiary, i. 135
Hyomoschus, European Miocene, i. 120
ii.218
Hyopicus, ii.303
Hyopotamus, European Miocene, i. 119
N. American Tertiary, i. 137
ii.216
Hyopsodus, N. American Tertiary, i. 133
Hyotherium, European Miocene, i. 119
ii.215
Hypargos, ii.287
Hyperantha, ii.496
Hypergerus, ii.261
Hypermnestra, ii.479
Hyperodapedon, ii.405
Hyperolius, ii.417
Hyperoodon, ii.208
HYPEROODONTIDÆ, ii.208
Hyperopsius, ii.448
Hypertragulus, N. American Tertiary, i. 138
Hyphantornis, ii.286
Hypherpes, ii.265
Hypisodus, N. American Tertiary, i. 138
Hypna, ii.474
Hypnale, ii.385
Hypochera, ii.287
Hypochrysops, ii.477
Hypocista, ii.471
Hypocnemis, ii.104
Hypocolius, ii.272
Hypodes, ii.272
Hypogeomys, ii.230
Hypolais, ii.258
Hypolithus, ii.491
Hypolycæna, ii.477
Hypomesus, ii.477
Hypopachus, ii.416
Hypophthalmichthys, ii.453
Hypophthalmus, ii.442
Hypopyrrhus, ii.282
Hyporissus, ii.190
Hypothymis, ii.271
Hypoxanthus, ii.304
Hypsipetes, ii.267
Hypsiprymnus, Australian Post-Tertiary, i. 157
ii.251
Hypsirhina, ii.376
Hypsirhynchus, ii.375
Hyrachyus, N. American Tertiary, i. 136
HYRACIDÆ, ii.228
Hyracodon, N. American Tertiary, i. 136
ii.214
ii.248
Hyracoidea, classification of, i. 90
Palæarctic, i. 242
Ethiopian, i. 304
HYRACOIDEA, ii.228
Hyracotherium, supposed, in European Eocene, i. 125
European Eocene, i. 126
ii.216
ii.229
Hyrax, ii.228
HYSTRICIDÆ, ii.240
Hystricodon, ii.445
Hystrix, European Pliocene, i. 113
Miocene of Greece, i. 116
N. American Tertiary, i. 140
ii.240
I.
Ialmenus, ii.477
Ianthœnas, ii.332
Ianthina, ii.511
Ibidipodia, European Miocene, i. 162
Ibidorhynchus, ii.353
Ibidorhynchus, figure of, i. 331
Ibis, ii.360
Ibises, ii.360
Ibycter, ii.347
Iceland, zoology of, i. 198
Ichneumia, ii.195
Ichthyoborus, ii.445
Ichthyopsis, ii.411
Icteria, ii.279
ICTERIDÆ, ii.281
Icterus, ii.282
Icthyornis, N. American Cretaceous, i. 164
Icticyonin Brazilian caves, i. 144
ii.197
Ictinia, ii.349
Ictitherium, Miocene of Greece, i. 115
European Miocene, i. 118
ii.195
ii.197
Ictonyx, ii.199
Ictops, N. American Tertiary, i. 133
Ideopsis, ii.470
Idmais, ii.478
Iguana, ii.401
Iguanas, ii.400
IGUANIDÆ, ii.400
Ilerda, ii.477
Ilicura, ii.102
India, Miocene fauna of, allied to that of Europe, i. 123
geological features of, i. 328
Indian sub-region, description of, i. 321
supposed relation to Ethiopian region, i. 321
mammalia of, i. 322
birds of, i. 323
reptiles and amphibia of, i. 326
Indicator, ii.304
INDICATORIDÆ, ii.304
Indo-Chinese sub-region, description of, i. 329
zoological characteristics of, i. 330
illustration of, i. 331
reptiles of, i. 331
amphibia of, i. 331
insects of, i. 332
islands belonging to, i. 333
Indo-Malayan sub-region, description of, i. 334
mammalia of, i. 336
illustrations of, i. 336, 339
birds of, i. 337
remote geographical relations of, i. 339
reptiles and amphibia of, i. 340
fishes of, i. 341
insects of, i. 341
coleoptera of, i. 342
terrestrial mollusca of, i. 343
zoological relations of islands of, i. 345
recent geographical changes in, i. 357
probable origin of fauna of, i. 359
Inia, ii.209
Insectivora, European Miocene, i. 117
N. American Post-Pliocene, i. 129
N. American Tertiary, i. 133
Insectivora, classification of, i. 87
of the Palæarctic region, i. 181
of N. China and E. Thibet, i. 222
range of Palæarctic genera of, i. 239
of Madagascar, i. 273
range of Ethiopian genera of, i. 301
of the Oriental region, i. 315
range of Oriental genera of, i. 372
range of Australian genera of, i. 476
INSECTIVORA, ii.186
general remarks on the distribution of, ii.191
summary and conclusion, ii.541
Insects, means of dispersal of, i. 32
tenacity of life of, i. 33
adapted to special conditions, i. 33
groups selected for the study of their geographical distribution, i. 102
antiquity of the genera of, i. 166
fossil of European Miocene, i. 166
European Cretaceous, i. 167
European Wealden, i. 167
Palæozoic, i. 168
Palæarctic, i. 187
of Central Europe, i. 196
of the Mediterranean sub-region, i. 205
of the Siberian sub-region, i. 220
of the Manchurian sub-region, i. 227
of the Ethiopian region, i. 255
of the E. African sub-region, i. 260
of W. African, i. 265
S. African, i. 268
of Madagascar, i. 282
general remarks on, i. 284
of tropical Africa and America, probable cause of similarities in, i. 291
of Indo-Chinese sub-region, i. 332
of the Oriental region, i. 318
of Ceylon, i. 327
of Indo-Malay sub-region, i. 341
statistics of collecting in the various islands of the Malay Archipelago, i. 343
of the Australian region, i. 403
of New Guinea, i. 417
of the Moluccas, i. 420
of the Timor group, i. 426
of Celebes, i. 454
of New Zealand, i. 458
scarcity of, in New Zealand, i. 462
influence of, on the flora, i. 463
of the Neotropical region, ii.13
of S. Temperate America, ii.42
of S. Temperate America, Palæarctic affinity of, ii.45
of the Mexican sub-region, ii.55
of the Antilles, ii.73
of the Nearctic region, ii.122
of Canada, ii.137
distribution of, ii.468
range of, in time, ii.469
summary and conclusion, ii.550
lines of migration of, ii.551
Iodopleura, ii.102
Iolæma, ii.107
Iolaus, ii.477
Iole, ii.267
Iora, ii.267
Iphias, ii.478
ii.394
IPHISADÆ, ii.394
Irena, ii.269
Iridina, ii.534
Iridornis, ii.98
Irrisor, ii.318
IRRISORIDÆ, ii.318
Isacis, N. American Tertiary, i. 133
Ischcognathus, ii.375
Ischyromys, N. American Tertiary, i. 140
ii.236
Islands, N. European, zoology of, i. 197
of the Mediterranean sub-region, i. 206
of the W. African sub-region, i. 265
of the Ethiopian region, i. 269
Mascarene, i. 280
of the Indo-Chinese sub-region, i. 333
of the Indo-Malay sub-region, i. 345
Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa, i. 443
Society and Marquesas, i. 444
New Caledonia and New Hebrides, i. 445
Sandwich, i. 446
of New Zealand sub-region, i. 453
Norfolk, i. 453
Lord Howe's, i. 454
Chatham, i. 454
Auckland, i. 455
of Tropical S. America, ii.29
of the Mexican sub-region, ii.59
of Eastern United States, ii.134
peculiar colours of pigeons in, ii.336
abundance of land-shells in, ii.525
Isodactylium, ii.413
Ispidina, ii.316
Issiodromys, European Pliocene, i. 113
ii.232
Ithaginis, ii.340
Ithomia, ii.470
Ithycyphus, ii.379
Ixalus, ii.419
Ixonotus, ii.267
Ixulus, ii.266
J.
Jacamaralcyon, ii.311
Jacamars, ii.311
Jacamerops, ii.311
Jacanas, ii.255
Jacchus, in Brazilian caves, i. 144
Jaculus, ii.232
Jaltris, ii.375
Jamaicia, ii.521
Janella, ii.517
Janthocincla, ii.261
Japalura, ii.402
Japan and North China, physical features of, i. 221
southern extremity of perhaps belongs to the Oriental region, i. 226
Japan, general character of the fauna of, i. 230
former land-connexions of, i. 231
Java, mammalia of, i. 349
productions of, well known, i. 350
birds of, i. 351
representative species of birds in, i. 352
origin of the anomalous features of its fauna, i. 352
Sumatra and Borneo, their geographical contrasts and zoological peculiarities explained, i. 357
Jays, ii.273
Jenynsia, ii.450
Jerboas, ii.231
Juan Fernandez, Carabidæ of, ii.44
birds of, ii.49
beetles and land-shells of, ii.51
Juida, ii.288
Juliamyia, ii.109
Junco, ii.284
Junonia, European Miocene, i. 167
ii.474
K.
Kagu, ii.359
Kakapoe, of New Zealand, i. 455
Kalophrynus, ii.415
Kangaroos, extinct in Australia, i. 157
ii.251
Keneuxia, ii.397
Kerguelen Island, apterous insects of, i. 211 (note)
Kerodon, in Brazilian caves, i. 144
S. American Pliocene, i. 147
ii.241
Ketingus, ii.443
Ketupa, ii.350
King-fisher, racquet-tailed, of New Guinea, figure of, i. 415
King-fishers, ii.315
Kittacincla, ii.259
Kiwi of New Zealand, i. 455
Kneria, ii.453
Kobus, ii.224
Koodoo antelope, figure of, i. 261
Kricogonia, ii.478
Krynickia, ii.517
L.
Labeo, ii.451
Labrax, ii.425
LABRIDÆ, ii.437
Labrus, ii.437
LABYRINTHICI, ii.434
Lacerta, ii.391
LACERTIDÆ, ii.390
Lacertilia, classification of, i. 99
LACERTILIA, ii.388
general remarks on the distribution of, ii.403
fossil, ii.404
Lacuna, ii.510
Ladrone Islands, birds of, i. 444
Læmargus, ii.461
Læmosthenes, ii.489
Læosopis, ii.477
Lafresnaya, ii.107
Lagenocetus, ii.208
Lagenorhynchus, ii.209
Lagidium, ii.237
LAGOMYIDÆ, ii.242
Lagomys, European Pliocene, i. 113
European Miocene, i. 120
ii.242
Lagopus, ii.339
Lagorchestes, ii.251
Lagostomus, in Brazilian caves, i. 145
S. American Pliocene, i. 147
ii.237
Lagothrix, ii.174
Lais, ii.442
Lake Baikal, seals of, i. 218
ii.206
Lalage, ii.269
Laletes, ii.280
LAMIIDÆ, ii.498
Lamna, ii.460
LAMNIDÆ, ii.460
Lampornis, ii.107
Lampreys, ii.463
Lamprima, ii.493
Lampris, ii.429
Lamprocolius, ii.288
Lamprolæma, ii.107
Lamrophis, ii.380
Lampropsar, ii.282
Lampropygia, ii.108
Lamprospilus, ii.477
Lamprospiza, ii.99
Lamprotes, ii.98
Lancelet, ii.464
Land-lizards, ii.391
Land and water, proportions of, i. 35
Land and fresh-water shells, antiquity of the genera of, i. 168
Land-shells, Palæozoic, i. 169
Palæarctic, i. 190
of Madeira, i. 209
of the Cape Verd Islands, i. 215
of the Ethiopian region, i. 257
of W. Africa, i. 265
of Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, i. 285
of the Indo-Malay sub-region, i. 344
of the Australian region, i. 407
of the Sandwich Islands, i. 466
of New Zealand, i. 459
of the Neotropical region, ii.19
of the Antilles, ii.75
conditions favouring development of, ii.75
of N. America, ii.124
general observations on the distribution of, ii.522
richness of islands in, ii.525
their mode of diffusion, ii.525,528
comparative distribution of Operculate and In-operculate, ii.526
estimated numbers of, ii.526
Land-snakes, ii.382
Langaha, ii.379
Laniarius, ii.272
Lanicterus, ii.268
Laniellus, ii.272
LANIIDÆ, ii.272
Lanio, ii.99
Lanius, European Miocene, i. 161
ii.272
Laopithecus, N. American Tertiary, i. 133
Laornis, N. American Cretaceous, i. 164
Laprissa, ii.421
LARIDÆ, ii.364
Larimus, ii.428
Larks, ii.289
Larus, ii.364
Larvivora, ii.259
Lasiomys, ii.229
Lasiuromys, ii.239
Latax, ii.199
Lates, ii.425
Lathria, ii.102
Latonia, ii.421
Latrunculus, ii.430
Layardia, ii.261
Lea, Dr. Isaac, on N. American Unionidæ, ii.125
Lebia, ii.489
Lebiasina, ii.445
Legatus, ii.101
Leiocephalus, ii.401
Leiolæmus, ii.401
Leistes, ii.282
Leistus, ii.489
Leiuperus, ii.420
Leiyla, ii.419
Lemonias, ii.476
Lemur, ii.176
Lemur, fossil, ii.178
Lemuravidæ, N. American Tertiary, i. 133
Lemuravus, N. American Tertiary, i. 133
Lemuria, a hypothetical land, i. 76
Lemuridæ, European Eocene, i. 124
LEMURIDÆ, ii.176
Lemuroidea, range of Ethiopian genera of, i. 300
range of Oriental genera of, i. 371
LEMUROIDEA, ii.176
Lemurs, ii.176
Leonia, ii.521
Lepadogaster, ii.436
Lepictis, N. American Tertiary, i. 133
Lepidocepalichthys, ii.453
Lepidocephalus, ii.453
Lepidogrammas, ii.309
Lepidolarynx, ii.108
Lepidoptera, cosmopolitan families of, i. 177
table of Palæarctic families of, i. 238
S. African, i. 268
table of Ethiopian families of, i. 299
of the Oriental region, i. 318
table of Oriental families of, i. 369
of the Australian region, i. 404
table of Australian families of, i. 472
of the Neotropical region, ii.13
of the Antilles, ii.73
table of Neotropical families of, ii.90
of the Nearctic region, ii.122
Nearctic families of, ii.143
LEPIDOPTERA, ii.470
Lepidosiren, ii.458
LEPIDOSTEIDÆ, ii.459
Lepidosteus, ii.459
LEPIDOSTERNIDÆ, ii.389
Lepidosternon, ii.389
Lepilemur, ii.176
Lepistes, ii.450
LEPORIDÆ, ii.242
Leporinus, ii.445
Lepricornis, ii.476
Leprodera, ii.501
Leptalis, ii.478
Leptarchus, N. American Tertiary, i. 135
ii.202
Leptasthenura, ii.103
Leptauchenia, N. American Tertiary, i. 138
Leptobarbina, ii.452
Leptobrachium, ii.421
LEPTOCARDII, ii.464
Leptocera, ii.502
Leptochœrus, N. American Tertiary, i. 137
ii.215
Leptocircus, ii.479
Leptodeira, ii.379
Leptodon, Miocene of Greece, i. 116
ii.214
ii.349