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FOOTNOTES[1]xxiii. 100; Keary’sOutlines of Primitive Belief, p. 284.[2]The Three Principles, chap. xix. ‘Of the Going Forth of the Soul.’[3]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 252.[4]Primitive Culture, 1873, i. p. 457.[5]1st S. ii. p. 51.[6]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 257.[7]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 433; Brinton’sMyths of the New World, p. 253.[8]Harland and Wilkinson’sLancashire Folk-lore, 1867, p. 210.[9]1st S. i. p. 315.[10]Cf. ‘Nexosque resolveret artus,’ Virgil on the death of Dido. Æneid iv. 695.[11]See Dalyell’sDarker Superstitions of Scotland, p. 302, andNotes and Queries, 1st S. iv. p. 350.[12]Ibid.i. p. 467.[13]1st S. iii. p. 84.[14]Kelly’sIndo-European Folk-lore, pp. 127-128.[15]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 43.[16]In a note toRedgauntlet, Letter xi.[17]Folk-lore Record, i. pp. 59-60.[18]Timon of Athens, iv. 3.[19]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 60-61.[20]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 145.[21]Iliad, ii. 852.[22]Illustrations of Shakspeare, 1839, pp. 324-326.[23]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 40.[24]Tylor’sAnthropology, 1881, p. 343.[25]See further instances in Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. pp. 440, 441.[26]Fiji and the Fijians, i. p. 242.[27]See Sir John Lubbock’sOrigin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 141.[28]Werewolves, p. 29.[29]See Chapter on Second Sight.[30]See Tylor’sAnthropology, p. 345; and Sir John Lubbock’sOrigin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition of Man, p. 141; and H. Spencer’sPrinciples of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 777.[31]Principles of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 174.[32]De Anima, p. 9; see Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 456.[33]Principles of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 174.[34]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 457.[35]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 20.[36]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 456.[37]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 253.[38]See Tylor’sAnthropology, 1881, p. 344.[39]Nineteenth Century, July 1885, pp. 143-144, ‘Transylvanian Superstitions,’ by Madame Emily de Laszowska Gerard.[40]Ralston’sSongs of the Russian People, p. 117.[41]Myths and Dreams, 1885, p. 184.[42]Myths and Myth-makers, 1873, p. 225.[43]See Hunt’sPopular Romances of the West of England, p. 373.[44]Fasti, v. 457.[45]Primitive Superstitions, p. 195.[46]The Origin of Civilisation, and the Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 140; see Letourneau’sSociology, p. 263.[47]Brinton’sMyths of the New World, 1868, p. 257.[48]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, 1881, p. 193.[49]See Lecky’sRationalism in Europe, 1870, i. p. 340; cf. Maury’sLégendes Pieuses, p. 124.[50]Primitive Culture, i. p. 455.[51]See Andrew Lang’sMyth, Ritual, Religion, i. p. 108.[52]Odyssey, xxiv.[53]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 451.[54]Night Side of Nature.[55]Yardley’sSupernatural in Fiction, p. 93.[56]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 257.[57]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 29; Douce’sIllustrations of Shakespeare, pp. 450, 451.[58]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 126, note.[59]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. p. 166.[60]See Gregor’sFolk-lore of North-East of Scotland, p. 68.[61]Edited by C. S. Burne.[62]Countess Evelyn Martinengo-Cesaresco, 1886,Essays in the Study of Folk-songs, p. 8.[63]Study of Folk-songs, p. 2.[64]Study of Folk-songs, p. 8.[65]Ralston’sSongs of the Russian People, p. 121.[66]Study of Folk-songs, p. 21.[67]Folk-lore Record, 1879, iii. pp. 111, 112.[68]Folk-lore Record, 1879, iii. pp. 111, 112.[69]Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 119.[70]Gregor’sFolk-lore of North-East of Scotland, p. 69.[71]Sir John Lubbock’sOrigin of Civilisation, p. 134.[72]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 120.[73]The Chinese: J. F. Davis, 1836, ii. pp. 139, 140.[74]Folk-lore of China, p. 73.[75]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 304.[76]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 28.[77]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, 1880, pp. 19, 20.[78]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii, p. 19.[79]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. pp. 94, 95.[80]Griffis,The Mikado’s Kingdom.[81]Denny’sFolk-lore of China; see Bassett’sLegends and Superstitions of the Sea, p. 296.[82]Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, 1881, p. 68.[83]Haunted Homes of England, 1881, p. 286.[84]Haunted Homes of England, 2nd S., pp. 222-225.[85]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 267.[86]British Goblins, pp. 143, 144.[87]Gentleman’s Magazine, 1855, part ii. p. 58.[88]See Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 324-325.[89]Quoted in Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 444.[90]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 1884, pp. 33-36.[91]SeeBook of Days, ii. p. 287.[92]Songs of the Russian People, p. 118.[93]Quoted by Gubernatis,Zoological Mythology, 1872, ii. pp. 254, 255.[94]Countess Evelyn Martinengo-Cesaresco,Study of Folk-songsp. 10; Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, i. p. 289.[95]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 126; Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, ii. p. 211.[96]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, pp. 48, 49.[97]Jones’Credulities, Past and Present, p. 376.[98]See Dasent’sTales of the Norse, 1859, p. 230.[99]Jones’Credulities, Past and Present, p. 373.[100]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, pp. 255, 256.[101]Hardwick’sTraditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore, 1872 p. 243; Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, i. p. 289. See Kelly’sIndo-European Folk-lore, p. 103.[102]See Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 331-335.[103]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 255.[104]Indo-European Folk-lore, pp. 104, 105.[105]Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 131.[106]Hunt’sPopular Romances of the West of England, p. 377.[107]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 105, 106.[108]SeeIbid.pp. 108-111.[109]See Hartshorne’sSalopia Antiqua, p. 522[110]Notes and Queries, 1st S. ii. p. 515.[111]Nineteenth Century, April 1885, p. 625.[112]See Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. pp. 289, 290.[113]Nineteenth Century, April 1885, p. 625.[114]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 250.[115]Ibid.p. 264.[116]Ibid.p. 266.[117]Book of Days, ii. p. 433.[118]See Harland and Wilkinson’sLancashire Folk-lore, p. 91.[119]‘West Sussex Superstitions,’Folk-lore Record, i. p. 23.[120]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 274, 275.[121]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 275.[122]See Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 274-278.[123]See Wirt Sikes’British Goblins, pp. 167-169.[124]See Roby’sTraditions of Lancashire; Homerton’sIsles of Loch Awe; Hardwick’sTraditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore, pp. 153-176.[125]Northern Mythology, iii. p. 219.[126]Ibid.ii. pp. 195-202.[127]Northern Mythology, ii. pp. 198, 199.[128]See Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. pp. 102, 166, 167.[129]TheNineteenth Century, ‘Comparative Study of Ghost Stories,’ 1885, xvii. pp. 629, 630.[130]Rev. W. Gregor,Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, 1881, p. 69.[131]Yorkshire Oddities, ii. p. 105.[132]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 29, 30.[133]See Wirt Sikes’British Goblins, pp. 219-221.[134]‘Secrets of Sable Island,’Harper’s Magazine.[135]See Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. pp. 97, 202, 211; iii. pp. 11, 158, 268.[136]Songs of the Russian People, 1872, p. 116.[137]Folk-lore Record, 1878, i. p. 54.[138]Evolution of Light from the Living Subject.[139]Transactions Cardiff Natural Society, iv. p. 5.[140]Wirt Sikes,British Goblins, p. 239.[141]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 219-221.[142]See ‘Essay on Fairy Superstitions’ in theBorder Minstrelsy.[143]Rink’sTales and Traditions of the Eskimos, p. 43.[144]Josselyn’sTwo Voyages, p. 133.[145]Primitive Culture, i. p. 390.[146]SeeThe Norfolk Antiquarian Miscellany, 1877, i. pp. 288, 289.[147]Eastern Counties Collectanea, p. 3.[148]SeeNotes and Queries, 1st S. xii. p. 486, for another hole or pit story.[149]The Curate of Cranston, and other Stories, 1862, ‘Carriage and Four Ghosts.’[150]Notes and Queries, 1st S. v. p. 295.[151]Hardwick’sTraditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore, p. 130.[152]Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 112.[153]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 113, 114.[154]A full account will be found in a paper by Mr. F. Ross, in theLeeds Mercury, 1884, entitled ‘Yorkshire Legends and Traditions.’[155]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 72-78.[156]Folk-lore of the Northern Counties, pp. 326-328.[157]Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland, pp. 163, 164.[158]See notes to Crofton Croker’sFairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland, where much curious information will be found on this subject.[159]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 437.[160]Zoological Mythology, ii. p. 218.[161]Folk-songs of the Russian People, p. 118.[162]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 23.[163]Ibid.p. 42.[164]Miss Bird’sUnbeaten Tracks in Japan, i. p. 380.[165]Occult Sciences, 1855, Elihu Rich, p. 188.[166]For works on this subject may be consulted, Colin de Plancy’sDictionnaire Infernal; theMalleus Maleficarumof the Germans; Del Rio’sDisquisitiones Magicæ; andOccult Sciences, paper by Elihu Rich, pp. 189-191.[167]Gregor,Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, pp. 68, 69.[168]1799, i. p. 281.[169]See ‘Ghosts and Ghost-lore,’Leisure Hour, 1871, pp. 334-766.[170]Life of Benvenuto Cellini.[171]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 143.[172]See alsoReal Ghost Stories. Edited by W. T. Stead.[173]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 153.[174]See Daily Telegraph, Nov. 17, 1890. Article on ‘Ghost Laying.’ Burns’s ‘Tam o’ Shanter’ turns on this point, and it is noticed by Sir Walter Scott in ‘The Lay of the Last Minstrel’ (Canto III. Stanza 13): ‘The running stream dissolv’d the spell.’[175]Romances of West of England, p. 470.[176]Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 107.[177]Lewin,Hill Tracts of Chittagong, p. 84.[178]See Sir John Lubbock,Origin of Civilisation and Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 145.[179]Fiji and the Fijians, i. p. 248.[180]Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 113.[181]Folk-songs of Russia, p. 320.[182]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. p. 275.[183]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 37.[184]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 140, 141.[185]British Goblins, p. 165.[186]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 138, 139.[187]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 122, 123.[188]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 247.[189]Jabez Allies, Worcestershire.[190]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 337.[191]Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 125.[192]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 338.[193]See Harland and Wilkinson’sLancashire Legends, pp. 10-12.[194]Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. p. 265.[195]SeeGentleman’s Magazine, 1855, part ii. pp. 58, 59.[196]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 155-159.[197]Jones:Credulities Past and Present, p. 92.[198]Romances of West of England, p. 366.[199]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, pp. 10, 11.[200]Quoted in Bassett’s ‘Legends of the Sea,’ from Livermore’sHistory of Block Island.[201]Life of Byron.[202]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 109.[203]Principles of Sociology, p. 219.[204]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 11.[205]Northern Mythology, ii. p. 203.[206]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 446.[207]Chap. II.[208]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 344.[209]SeeSir Walter Scott’s Poetical Works, 1853, viii. p. 126.[210]Popular Romances of West of England, p. 372.[211]See Chapter on ‘Phantom Birds.’[212]Gentleman’s Magazine, 1764, p. 59.[213]See Moncure Conway’sDemonology and Devil Lore.[214]Night Side of Nature, 1854, p. 315.[215]SeeNotes and Queries, 5th S. xi. p. 334.[216]Chambers’sEncyclopædia, 1886, x. p. 179.[217]TheNineteenth Century, April 1865, p. 628;Myth, Ritual, and Religion, 1887, i. p. 104.[218]Fison’sKamilaroi and Kurnai, p. 253.[219]1822, Part ii. pp. 598, 599.[220]Quoted in Mrs. Crowe’sNight Side of Nature, 1854, p. 181.[221]SeeNotes and Queries, 1st S. iii. 170.[222]Life and Times of Lord Brougham, written by himself, 1871.[223]See Brand’sPopular Antiquities, 1870, iii. p. 117.[224]Dr. F. G. Lee:Glimpses of the Supernatural; the subject has been discussed inNotes and Queries.[225]Comparative Study of Ghost Stories, April 1885, pp. 630, 631.[226]Certainty of a World of Spirits, p. 181.[227]Yardley’sSupernatural in Fiction, p. 94.[228]T. M. Jarvis:Accredited Ghost Stories, 1823[229]Chambers’sPopular Rhymes of Scotland, pp. 238, 239.[230]Jones’sCredulities Past and Present, p. 123.[231]See Hunt’sPopular Romances of West of England.[232]Wirt Sikes:British Goblins, p. 26.[233]See Chapter ‘Phantom Animals.’[234]Hunt’sPopular Romances of West of England, p. 354.[235]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, iii. p. 96.[236]Jones’sCredulities Past and Present, p. 138.[237]Popular Romances of West of England, p. 350.[238]Folk-lore Record, i. p. 54.[239]McAnally:Irish Wonders, p. 112.[240]Irish Wonders, 1888, p. 114.[241]Irish Wonders, p. 112.[242]Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland, p. 84.[243]British Goblins, pp. 212-216.[244]See Bassett’sLegends and Superstitions of the Sea, pp. 346, 347.[245]Quoted in Bassett’sLegends of the Sea, p. 351.[246]Poems:A Greypoint Legend, 1797.[247]The Wreck of the Schooner Breeze.[248]Romances of West of England, pp. 362-364.[249]Traditions and Fireside Stories of West Cornwall.[250]Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry, p. 338.[251]Discoverie of Witchcraft.[252]Pop. Antiq.iii. p. 85.[253]Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft.[254]Quoted by Bassett in hisLegends and Superstitions of the Sea, p. 288.[255]Ibid.p. 286.[256]Romances of West of England, p. 367.[257]Wirt Sikes:British Goblins.[258]A Discovery Concerning Ghosts, p. 3.[259]Night Side of Nature.[260]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 270.[261]SeeAll the Year Round, June 22, 1867.[262]Primitive Culture, i. p. 480.[263]See Letourneau’sSociology, p. 250; Sir John Lubbock’sOrigin of Civilisation, and Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 246.[264]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 159-180.[265]See Lord Clarendon’sHistory of the Rebellion, andNotes and Queries, July 1860.[266]Gentleman’s Magazine, 1855, pt. ii. pp. 58, 59.[267]More Ghost Stories, p. 64.[268]All the Year Round, December 24, 1870.[269]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 226-233.[270]Ibid.see p. 222.[271]More Ghost Stories, W. T. Stead, 1892, p. 63.[272]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 314, 315.[273]Henderson’s Folk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 314, 315.[274]SeeIbid.p. 315; Ingram’sHaunted Homes, pp. 266-277;More Ghost Stories, W. T. Stead.[275]Quoted inBook of Days, i. p. 649.[276]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 22.[277]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, ii. p. 26.[278]Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 108.[279]Schoolcraft’sIndian Tribes, v. p. 270.[280]See Herbert Spencer’sPrinciples of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 199.[281]Ibid.p. 199.[282]TheContemporary Review, xlviii. p. 109.[283]TheContemporary Review, xlviii. p. 111.[284]Northern Mythology, ii. p. 20.[285]Bucolics, viii. p. 98.[286]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 30.[287]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 21.[288]Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland, p. 84.[289]Essay in the Study of Folk-Songs, pp. 14, 15.[290]Gill:Myths and Songs from the South Pacific, pp. 162, 163.[291]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 33.[292]Ibid.p. 30.[293]Northern Mythology, i. p. 286.[294]Cf.Othello, Act v. sc. 2.[295]Songs of the Russian People, pp. 115, 116.[296]Occult Sciences, 1855;Apparitions, pp. 80, 81.[297]See E. Yardley’sSupernatural in Fiction, pp. 29-31.[298]See Chapter on ‘Ghost Laying.’[299]Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 112; Ralston’sSongs of the Russian People, p. 319.[300]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 20.[301]Ibid.p. 29.[302]Ibid.p. 21.[303]‘The Primitive Ghost,’Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 107.[304]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. p. 205.[305]See Harland and Wilkinson’sLancashire Folk-lore, 1867, p. 63.[306]Gentleman’s Magazine, 1865, pt. ii. p. 564.[307]SeePopular Irish Superstitions, by W. R. Wilde, p. 109.[308]More Ghost Stories, collected and edited by W. T. Stead, 1892, p. 22.[309]See Mrs. Crowe’sNight Side of Nature, 1854, p. 111.[310]Wirt Sikes,British Goblins, p. 215.[311]Primitive Culture, 1891, i. p. 448.[312]Real Ghost Stories, W. T. Stead, p. 103.[313]Harland and Wilkinson,Lancashire Folk-lore, p. 105.[314]Quoted by Mrs. Crowe,Night Side of Nature, p. 202.[315]Messrs. Gurney, Myers, and Podmore.[316]Phantasms of the Living, ii. p. 531.[317]Nineteenth Century, April 1865, p. 629.[318]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 48.[319]SeeBook of Days, ii. pp. 519-521.[320]See Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, iii. p. 144.[321]Teutonic Mythology, ii. p. 827.[322]Hamlet, Act v. sc. 1.[323]SeeFolk-lore of Plants, pp. 12, 13.[324]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 293.[325]Principles of Sociology, 1885, pp. 357-359.[326]Nineteenth Century, April, 1882, p. 394;Superstitions of Modern Greece, by M. Le Baron d’Estournelles.[327]Primitive Superstitions, p. 288.[328]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 24, 25.[329]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 322.[330]Notes and Queries, 1st S. v. p. 195.[331]Popular Rhymes of Scotland, pp. 241-242.[332]Popular Rhymes of Scotland, p. 240.[333]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 247-248.[334]Wirt Sikes:British Goblins, pp. 151-152.[335]1865, pt. ii. pp. 706-707.[336]Primitive Superstitions, p. 310.[337]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 309.[338]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, p. 53.[339]A Discovery Concerning Ghosts, 1864, pp. 18, 19.[340]Haunted Homes, p. 253.[341]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 145.[342]Mrs. Latham’s ‘West Sussex Superstitions,’Folk-lore Record, i. p. 21.[343]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 146.[344]See Southey’sLife of Wesley.[345]Walter Gregor:Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, pp. 205, 206.[346]Nineteenth Century, vol. xvii. p. 627.[347]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 302.
[1]xxiii. 100; Keary’sOutlines of Primitive Belief, p. 284.
[1]xxiii. 100; Keary’sOutlines of Primitive Belief, p. 284.
[2]The Three Principles, chap. xix. ‘Of the Going Forth of the Soul.’
[2]The Three Principles, chap. xix. ‘Of the Going Forth of the Soul.’
[3]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 252.
[3]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 252.
[4]Primitive Culture, 1873, i. p. 457.
[4]Primitive Culture, 1873, i. p. 457.
[5]1st S. ii. p. 51.
[5]1st S. ii. p. 51.
[6]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 257.
[6]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 257.
[7]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 433; Brinton’sMyths of the New World, p. 253.
[7]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 433; Brinton’sMyths of the New World, p. 253.
[8]Harland and Wilkinson’sLancashire Folk-lore, 1867, p. 210.
[8]Harland and Wilkinson’sLancashire Folk-lore, 1867, p. 210.
[9]1st S. i. p. 315.
[9]1st S. i. p. 315.
[10]Cf. ‘Nexosque resolveret artus,’ Virgil on the death of Dido. Æneid iv. 695.
[10]Cf. ‘Nexosque resolveret artus,’ Virgil on the death of Dido. Æneid iv. 695.
[11]See Dalyell’sDarker Superstitions of Scotland, p. 302, andNotes and Queries, 1st S. iv. p. 350.
[11]See Dalyell’sDarker Superstitions of Scotland, p. 302, andNotes and Queries, 1st S. iv. p. 350.
[12]Ibid.i. p. 467.
[12]Ibid.i. p. 467.
[13]1st S. iii. p. 84.
[13]1st S. iii. p. 84.
[14]Kelly’sIndo-European Folk-lore, pp. 127-128.
[14]Kelly’sIndo-European Folk-lore, pp. 127-128.
[15]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 43.
[15]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 43.
[16]In a note toRedgauntlet, Letter xi.
[16]In a note toRedgauntlet, Letter xi.
[17]Folk-lore Record, i. pp. 59-60.
[17]Folk-lore Record, i. pp. 59-60.
[18]Timon of Athens, iv. 3.
[18]Timon of Athens, iv. 3.
[19]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 60-61.
[19]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 60-61.
[20]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 145.
[20]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 145.
[21]Iliad, ii. 852.
[21]Iliad, ii. 852.
[22]Illustrations of Shakspeare, 1839, pp. 324-326.
[22]Illustrations of Shakspeare, 1839, pp. 324-326.
[23]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 40.
[23]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 40.
[24]Tylor’sAnthropology, 1881, p. 343.
[24]Tylor’sAnthropology, 1881, p. 343.
[25]See further instances in Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. pp. 440, 441.
[25]See further instances in Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. pp. 440, 441.
[26]Fiji and the Fijians, i. p. 242.
[26]Fiji and the Fijians, i. p. 242.
[27]See Sir John Lubbock’sOrigin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 141.
[27]See Sir John Lubbock’sOrigin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 141.
[28]Werewolves, p. 29.
[28]Werewolves, p. 29.
[29]See Chapter on Second Sight.
[29]See Chapter on Second Sight.
[30]See Tylor’sAnthropology, p. 345; and Sir John Lubbock’sOrigin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition of Man, p. 141; and H. Spencer’sPrinciples of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 777.
[30]See Tylor’sAnthropology, p. 345; and Sir John Lubbock’sOrigin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition of Man, p. 141; and H. Spencer’sPrinciples of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 777.
[31]Principles of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 174.
[31]Principles of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 174.
[32]De Anima, p. 9; see Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 456.
[32]De Anima, p. 9; see Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 456.
[33]Principles of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 174.
[33]Principles of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 174.
[34]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 457.
[34]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 457.
[35]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 20.
[35]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 20.
[36]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 456.
[36]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 456.
[37]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 253.
[37]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 253.
[38]See Tylor’sAnthropology, 1881, p. 344.
[38]See Tylor’sAnthropology, 1881, p. 344.
[39]Nineteenth Century, July 1885, pp. 143-144, ‘Transylvanian Superstitions,’ by Madame Emily de Laszowska Gerard.
[39]Nineteenth Century, July 1885, pp. 143-144, ‘Transylvanian Superstitions,’ by Madame Emily de Laszowska Gerard.
[40]Ralston’sSongs of the Russian People, p. 117.
[40]Ralston’sSongs of the Russian People, p. 117.
[41]Myths and Dreams, 1885, p. 184.
[41]Myths and Dreams, 1885, p. 184.
[42]Myths and Myth-makers, 1873, p. 225.
[42]Myths and Myth-makers, 1873, p. 225.
[43]See Hunt’sPopular Romances of the West of England, p. 373.
[43]See Hunt’sPopular Romances of the West of England, p. 373.
[44]Fasti, v. 457.
[44]Fasti, v. 457.
[45]Primitive Superstitions, p. 195.
[45]Primitive Superstitions, p. 195.
[46]The Origin of Civilisation, and the Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 140; see Letourneau’sSociology, p. 263.
[46]The Origin of Civilisation, and the Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 140; see Letourneau’sSociology, p. 263.
[47]Brinton’sMyths of the New World, 1868, p. 257.
[47]Brinton’sMyths of the New World, 1868, p. 257.
[48]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, 1881, p. 193.
[48]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, 1881, p. 193.
[49]See Lecky’sRationalism in Europe, 1870, i. p. 340; cf. Maury’sLégendes Pieuses, p. 124.
[49]See Lecky’sRationalism in Europe, 1870, i. p. 340; cf. Maury’sLégendes Pieuses, p. 124.
[50]Primitive Culture, i. p. 455.
[50]Primitive Culture, i. p. 455.
[51]See Andrew Lang’sMyth, Ritual, Religion, i. p. 108.
[51]See Andrew Lang’sMyth, Ritual, Religion, i. p. 108.
[52]Odyssey, xxiv.
[52]Odyssey, xxiv.
[53]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 451.
[53]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 451.
[54]Night Side of Nature.
[54]Night Side of Nature.
[55]Yardley’sSupernatural in Fiction, p. 93.
[55]Yardley’sSupernatural in Fiction, p. 93.
[56]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 257.
[56]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 257.
[57]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 29; Douce’sIllustrations of Shakespeare, pp. 450, 451.
[57]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 29; Douce’sIllustrations of Shakespeare, pp. 450, 451.
[58]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 126, note.
[58]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 126, note.
[59]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. p. 166.
[59]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. p. 166.
[60]See Gregor’sFolk-lore of North-East of Scotland, p. 68.
[60]See Gregor’sFolk-lore of North-East of Scotland, p. 68.
[61]Edited by C. S. Burne.
[61]Edited by C. S. Burne.
[62]Countess Evelyn Martinengo-Cesaresco, 1886,Essays in the Study of Folk-songs, p. 8.
[62]Countess Evelyn Martinengo-Cesaresco, 1886,Essays in the Study of Folk-songs, p. 8.
[63]Study of Folk-songs, p. 2.
[63]Study of Folk-songs, p. 2.
[64]Study of Folk-songs, p. 8.
[64]Study of Folk-songs, p. 8.
[65]Ralston’sSongs of the Russian People, p. 121.
[65]Ralston’sSongs of the Russian People, p. 121.
[66]Study of Folk-songs, p. 21.
[66]Study of Folk-songs, p. 21.
[67]Folk-lore Record, 1879, iii. pp. 111, 112.
[67]Folk-lore Record, 1879, iii. pp. 111, 112.
[68]Folk-lore Record, 1879, iii. pp. 111, 112.
[68]Folk-lore Record, 1879, iii. pp. 111, 112.
[69]Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 119.
[69]Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 119.
[70]Gregor’sFolk-lore of North-East of Scotland, p. 69.
[70]Gregor’sFolk-lore of North-East of Scotland, p. 69.
[71]Sir John Lubbock’sOrigin of Civilisation, p. 134.
[71]Sir John Lubbock’sOrigin of Civilisation, p. 134.
[72]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 120.
[72]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 120.
[73]The Chinese: J. F. Davis, 1836, ii. pp. 139, 140.
[73]The Chinese: J. F. Davis, 1836, ii. pp. 139, 140.
[74]Folk-lore of China, p. 73.
[74]Folk-lore of China, p. 73.
[75]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 304.
[75]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 304.
[76]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 28.
[76]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 28.
[77]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, 1880, pp. 19, 20.
[77]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, 1880, pp. 19, 20.
[78]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii, p. 19.
[78]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii, p. 19.
[79]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. pp. 94, 95.
[79]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. pp. 94, 95.
[80]Griffis,The Mikado’s Kingdom.
[80]Griffis,The Mikado’s Kingdom.
[81]Denny’sFolk-lore of China; see Bassett’sLegends and Superstitions of the Sea, p. 296.
[81]Denny’sFolk-lore of China; see Bassett’sLegends and Superstitions of the Sea, p. 296.
[82]Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, 1881, p. 68.
[82]Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, 1881, p. 68.
[83]Haunted Homes of England, 1881, p. 286.
[83]Haunted Homes of England, 1881, p. 286.
[84]Haunted Homes of England, 2nd S., pp. 222-225.
[84]Haunted Homes of England, 2nd S., pp. 222-225.
[85]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 267.
[85]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 267.
[86]British Goblins, pp. 143, 144.
[86]British Goblins, pp. 143, 144.
[87]Gentleman’s Magazine, 1855, part ii. p. 58.
[87]Gentleman’s Magazine, 1855, part ii. p. 58.
[88]See Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 324-325.
[88]See Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 324-325.
[89]Quoted in Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 444.
[89]Quoted in Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 444.
[90]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 1884, pp. 33-36.
[90]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 1884, pp. 33-36.
[91]SeeBook of Days, ii. p. 287.
[91]SeeBook of Days, ii. p. 287.
[92]Songs of the Russian People, p. 118.
[92]Songs of the Russian People, p. 118.
[93]Quoted by Gubernatis,Zoological Mythology, 1872, ii. pp. 254, 255.
[93]Quoted by Gubernatis,Zoological Mythology, 1872, ii. pp. 254, 255.
[94]Countess Evelyn Martinengo-Cesaresco,Study of Folk-songsp. 10; Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, i. p. 289.
[94]Countess Evelyn Martinengo-Cesaresco,Study of Folk-songsp. 10; Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, i. p. 289.
[95]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 126; Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, ii. p. 211.
[95]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 126; Thorpe’s Northern Mythology, ii. p. 211.
[96]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, pp. 48, 49.
[96]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, pp. 48, 49.
[97]Jones’Credulities, Past and Present, p. 376.
[97]Jones’Credulities, Past and Present, p. 376.
[98]See Dasent’sTales of the Norse, 1859, p. 230.
[98]See Dasent’sTales of the Norse, 1859, p. 230.
[99]Jones’Credulities, Past and Present, p. 373.
[99]Jones’Credulities, Past and Present, p. 373.
[100]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, pp. 255, 256.
[100]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, pp. 255, 256.
[101]Hardwick’sTraditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore, 1872 p. 243; Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, i. p. 289. See Kelly’sIndo-European Folk-lore, p. 103.
[101]Hardwick’sTraditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore, 1872 p. 243; Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, i. p. 289. See Kelly’sIndo-European Folk-lore, p. 103.
[102]See Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 331-335.
[102]See Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 331-335.
[103]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 255.
[103]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 255.
[104]Indo-European Folk-lore, pp. 104, 105.
[104]Indo-European Folk-lore, pp. 104, 105.
[105]Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 131.
[105]Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 131.
[106]Hunt’sPopular Romances of the West of England, p. 377.
[106]Hunt’sPopular Romances of the West of England, p. 377.
[107]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 105, 106.
[107]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 105, 106.
[108]SeeIbid.pp. 108-111.
[108]SeeIbid.pp. 108-111.
[109]See Hartshorne’sSalopia Antiqua, p. 522
[109]See Hartshorne’sSalopia Antiqua, p. 522
[110]Notes and Queries, 1st S. ii. p. 515.
[110]Notes and Queries, 1st S. ii. p. 515.
[111]Nineteenth Century, April 1885, p. 625.
[111]Nineteenth Century, April 1885, p. 625.
[112]See Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. pp. 289, 290.
[112]See Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. pp. 289, 290.
[113]Nineteenth Century, April 1885, p. 625.
[113]Nineteenth Century, April 1885, p. 625.
[114]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 250.
[114]Letourneau’sSociology, p. 250.
[115]Ibid.p. 264.
[115]Ibid.p. 264.
[116]Ibid.p. 266.
[116]Ibid.p. 266.
[117]Book of Days, ii. p. 433.
[117]Book of Days, ii. p. 433.
[118]See Harland and Wilkinson’sLancashire Folk-lore, p. 91.
[118]See Harland and Wilkinson’sLancashire Folk-lore, p. 91.
[119]‘West Sussex Superstitions,’Folk-lore Record, i. p. 23.
[119]‘West Sussex Superstitions,’Folk-lore Record, i. p. 23.
[120]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 274, 275.
[120]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 274, 275.
[121]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 275.
[121]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 275.
[122]See Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 274-278.
[122]See Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 274-278.
[123]See Wirt Sikes’British Goblins, pp. 167-169.
[123]See Wirt Sikes’British Goblins, pp. 167-169.
[124]See Roby’sTraditions of Lancashire; Homerton’sIsles of Loch Awe; Hardwick’sTraditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore, pp. 153-176.
[124]See Roby’sTraditions of Lancashire; Homerton’sIsles of Loch Awe; Hardwick’sTraditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore, pp. 153-176.
[125]Northern Mythology, iii. p. 219.
[125]Northern Mythology, iii. p. 219.
[126]Ibid.ii. pp. 195-202.
[126]Ibid.ii. pp. 195-202.
[127]Northern Mythology, ii. pp. 198, 199.
[127]Northern Mythology, ii. pp. 198, 199.
[128]See Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. pp. 102, 166, 167.
[128]See Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. pp. 102, 166, 167.
[129]TheNineteenth Century, ‘Comparative Study of Ghost Stories,’ 1885, xvii. pp. 629, 630.
[129]TheNineteenth Century, ‘Comparative Study of Ghost Stories,’ 1885, xvii. pp. 629, 630.
[130]Rev. W. Gregor,Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, 1881, p. 69.
[130]Rev. W. Gregor,Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, 1881, p. 69.
[131]Yorkshire Oddities, ii. p. 105.
[131]Yorkshire Oddities, ii. p. 105.
[132]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 29, 30.
[132]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 29, 30.
[133]See Wirt Sikes’British Goblins, pp. 219-221.
[133]See Wirt Sikes’British Goblins, pp. 219-221.
[134]‘Secrets of Sable Island,’Harper’s Magazine.
[134]‘Secrets of Sable Island,’Harper’s Magazine.
[135]See Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. pp. 97, 202, 211; iii. pp. 11, 158, 268.
[135]See Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. pp. 97, 202, 211; iii. pp. 11, 158, 268.
[136]Songs of the Russian People, 1872, p. 116.
[136]Songs of the Russian People, 1872, p. 116.
[137]Folk-lore Record, 1878, i. p. 54.
[137]Folk-lore Record, 1878, i. p. 54.
[138]Evolution of Light from the Living Subject.
[138]Evolution of Light from the Living Subject.
[139]Transactions Cardiff Natural Society, iv. p. 5.
[139]Transactions Cardiff Natural Society, iv. p. 5.
[140]Wirt Sikes,British Goblins, p. 239.
[140]Wirt Sikes,British Goblins, p. 239.
[141]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 219-221.
[141]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 219-221.
[142]See ‘Essay on Fairy Superstitions’ in theBorder Minstrelsy.
[142]See ‘Essay on Fairy Superstitions’ in theBorder Minstrelsy.
[143]Rink’sTales and Traditions of the Eskimos, p. 43.
[143]Rink’sTales and Traditions of the Eskimos, p. 43.
[144]Josselyn’sTwo Voyages, p. 133.
[144]Josselyn’sTwo Voyages, p. 133.
[145]Primitive Culture, i. p. 390.
[145]Primitive Culture, i. p. 390.
[146]SeeThe Norfolk Antiquarian Miscellany, 1877, i. pp. 288, 289.
[146]SeeThe Norfolk Antiquarian Miscellany, 1877, i. pp. 288, 289.
[147]Eastern Counties Collectanea, p. 3.
[147]Eastern Counties Collectanea, p. 3.
[148]SeeNotes and Queries, 1st S. xii. p. 486, for another hole or pit story.
[148]SeeNotes and Queries, 1st S. xii. p. 486, for another hole or pit story.
[149]The Curate of Cranston, and other Stories, 1862, ‘Carriage and Four Ghosts.’
[149]The Curate of Cranston, and other Stories, 1862, ‘Carriage and Four Ghosts.’
[150]Notes and Queries, 1st S. v. p. 295.
[150]Notes and Queries, 1st S. v. p. 295.
[151]Hardwick’sTraditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore, p. 130.
[151]Hardwick’sTraditions, Superstitions, and Folk-lore, p. 130.
[152]Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 112.
[152]Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 112.
[153]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 113, 114.
[153]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 113, 114.
[154]A full account will be found in a paper by Mr. F. Ross, in theLeeds Mercury, 1884, entitled ‘Yorkshire Legends and Traditions.’
[154]A full account will be found in a paper by Mr. F. Ross, in theLeeds Mercury, 1884, entitled ‘Yorkshire Legends and Traditions.’
[155]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 72-78.
[155]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 72-78.
[156]Folk-lore of the Northern Counties, pp. 326-328.
[156]Folk-lore of the Northern Counties, pp. 326-328.
[157]Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland, pp. 163, 164.
[157]Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland, pp. 163, 164.
[158]See notes to Crofton Croker’sFairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland, where much curious information will be found on this subject.
[158]See notes to Crofton Croker’sFairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland, where much curious information will be found on this subject.
[159]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 437.
[159]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 437.
[160]Zoological Mythology, ii. p. 218.
[160]Zoological Mythology, ii. p. 218.
[161]Folk-songs of the Russian People, p. 118.
[161]Folk-songs of the Russian People, p. 118.
[162]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 23.
[162]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 23.
[163]Ibid.p. 42.
[163]Ibid.p. 42.
[164]Miss Bird’sUnbeaten Tracks in Japan, i. p. 380.
[164]Miss Bird’sUnbeaten Tracks in Japan, i. p. 380.
[165]Occult Sciences, 1855, Elihu Rich, p. 188.
[165]Occult Sciences, 1855, Elihu Rich, p. 188.
[166]For works on this subject may be consulted, Colin de Plancy’sDictionnaire Infernal; theMalleus Maleficarumof the Germans; Del Rio’sDisquisitiones Magicæ; andOccult Sciences, paper by Elihu Rich, pp. 189-191.
[166]For works on this subject may be consulted, Colin de Plancy’sDictionnaire Infernal; theMalleus Maleficarumof the Germans; Del Rio’sDisquisitiones Magicæ; andOccult Sciences, paper by Elihu Rich, pp. 189-191.
[167]Gregor,Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, pp. 68, 69.
[167]Gregor,Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, pp. 68, 69.
[168]1799, i. p. 281.
[168]1799, i. p. 281.
[169]See ‘Ghosts and Ghost-lore,’Leisure Hour, 1871, pp. 334-766.
[169]See ‘Ghosts and Ghost-lore,’Leisure Hour, 1871, pp. 334-766.
[170]Life of Benvenuto Cellini.
[170]Life of Benvenuto Cellini.
[171]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 143.
[171]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 143.
[172]See alsoReal Ghost Stories. Edited by W. T. Stead.
[172]See alsoReal Ghost Stories. Edited by W. T. Stead.
[173]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 153.
[173]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 153.
[174]See Daily Telegraph, Nov. 17, 1890. Article on ‘Ghost Laying.’ Burns’s ‘Tam o’ Shanter’ turns on this point, and it is noticed by Sir Walter Scott in ‘The Lay of the Last Minstrel’ (Canto III. Stanza 13): ‘The running stream dissolv’d the spell.’
[174]See Daily Telegraph, Nov. 17, 1890. Article on ‘Ghost Laying.’ Burns’s ‘Tam o’ Shanter’ turns on this point, and it is noticed by Sir Walter Scott in ‘The Lay of the Last Minstrel’ (Canto III. Stanza 13): ‘The running stream dissolv’d the spell.’
[175]Romances of West of England, p. 470.
[175]Romances of West of England, p. 470.
[176]Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 107.
[176]Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 107.
[177]Lewin,Hill Tracts of Chittagong, p. 84.
[177]Lewin,Hill Tracts of Chittagong, p. 84.
[178]See Sir John Lubbock,Origin of Civilisation and Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 145.
[178]See Sir John Lubbock,Origin of Civilisation and Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 145.
[179]Fiji and the Fijians, i. p. 248.
[179]Fiji and the Fijians, i. p. 248.
[180]Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 113.
[180]Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 113.
[181]Folk-songs of Russia, p. 320.
[181]Folk-songs of Russia, p. 320.
[182]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. p. 275.
[182]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. p. 275.
[183]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 37.
[183]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 37.
[184]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 140, 141.
[184]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 140, 141.
[185]British Goblins, p. 165.
[185]British Goblins, p. 165.
[186]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 138, 139.
[186]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 138, 139.
[187]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 122, 123.
[187]Shropshire Folk-lore, pp. 122, 123.
[188]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 247.
[188]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 247.
[189]Jabez Allies, Worcestershire.
[189]Jabez Allies, Worcestershire.
[190]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 337.
[190]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 337.
[191]Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 125.
[191]Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 125.
[192]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 338.
[192]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 338.
[193]See Harland and Wilkinson’sLancashire Legends, pp. 10-12.
[193]See Harland and Wilkinson’sLancashire Legends, pp. 10-12.
[194]Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. p. 265.
[194]Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. p. 265.
[195]SeeGentleman’s Magazine, 1855, part ii. pp. 58, 59.
[195]SeeGentleman’s Magazine, 1855, part ii. pp. 58, 59.
[196]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 155-159.
[196]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 155-159.
[197]Jones:Credulities Past and Present, p. 92.
[197]Jones:Credulities Past and Present, p. 92.
[198]Romances of West of England, p. 366.
[198]Romances of West of England, p. 366.
[199]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, pp. 10, 11.
[199]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, pp. 10, 11.
[200]Quoted in Bassett’s ‘Legends of the Sea,’ from Livermore’sHistory of Block Island.
[200]Quoted in Bassett’s ‘Legends of the Sea,’ from Livermore’sHistory of Block Island.
[201]Life of Byron.
[201]Life of Byron.
[202]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 109.
[202]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 109.
[203]Principles of Sociology, p. 219.
[203]Principles of Sociology, p. 219.
[204]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 11.
[204]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 11.
[205]Northern Mythology, ii. p. 203.
[205]Northern Mythology, ii. p. 203.
[206]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 446.
[206]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 446.
[207]Chap. II.
[207]Chap. II.
[208]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 344.
[208]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 344.
[209]SeeSir Walter Scott’s Poetical Works, 1853, viii. p. 126.
[209]SeeSir Walter Scott’s Poetical Works, 1853, viii. p. 126.
[210]Popular Romances of West of England, p. 372.
[210]Popular Romances of West of England, p. 372.
[211]See Chapter on ‘Phantom Birds.’
[211]See Chapter on ‘Phantom Birds.’
[212]Gentleman’s Magazine, 1764, p. 59.
[212]Gentleman’s Magazine, 1764, p. 59.
[213]See Moncure Conway’sDemonology and Devil Lore.
[213]See Moncure Conway’sDemonology and Devil Lore.
[214]Night Side of Nature, 1854, p. 315.
[214]Night Side of Nature, 1854, p. 315.
[215]SeeNotes and Queries, 5th S. xi. p. 334.
[215]SeeNotes and Queries, 5th S. xi. p. 334.
[216]Chambers’sEncyclopædia, 1886, x. p. 179.
[216]Chambers’sEncyclopædia, 1886, x. p. 179.
[217]TheNineteenth Century, April 1865, p. 628;Myth, Ritual, and Religion, 1887, i. p. 104.
[217]TheNineteenth Century, April 1865, p. 628;Myth, Ritual, and Religion, 1887, i. p. 104.
[218]Fison’sKamilaroi and Kurnai, p. 253.
[218]Fison’sKamilaroi and Kurnai, p. 253.
[219]1822, Part ii. pp. 598, 599.
[219]1822, Part ii. pp. 598, 599.
[220]Quoted in Mrs. Crowe’sNight Side of Nature, 1854, p. 181.
[220]Quoted in Mrs. Crowe’sNight Side of Nature, 1854, p. 181.
[221]SeeNotes and Queries, 1st S. iii. 170.
[221]SeeNotes and Queries, 1st S. iii. 170.
[222]Life and Times of Lord Brougham, written by himself, 1871.
[222]Life and Times of Lord Brougham, written by himself, 1871.
[223]See Brand’sPopular Antiquities, 1870, iii. p. 117.
[223]See Brand’sPopular Antiquities, 1870, iii. p. 117.
[224]Dr. F. G. Lee:Glimpses of the Supernatural; the subject has been discussed inNotes and Queries.
[224]Dr. F. G. Lee:Glimpses of the Supernatural; the subject has been discussed inNotes and Queries.
[225]Comparative Study of Ghost Stories, April 1885, pp. 630, 631.
[225]Comparative Study of Ghost Stories, April 1885, pp. 630, 631.
[226]Certainty of a World of Spirits, p. 181.
[226]Certainty of a World of Spirits, p. 181.
[227]Yardley’sSupernatural in Fiction, p. 94.
[227]Yardley’sSupernatural in Fiction, p. 94.
[228]T. M. Jarvis:Accredited Ghost Stories, 1823
[228]T. M. Jarvis:Accredited Ghost Stories, 1823
[229]Chambers’sPopular Rhymes of Scotland, pp. 238, 239.
[229]Chambers’sPopular Rhymes of Scotland, pp. 238, 239.
[230]Jones’sCredulities Past and Present, p. 123.
[230]Jones’sCredulities Past and Present, p. 123.
[231]See Hunt’sPopular Romances of West of England.
[231]See Hunt’sPopular Romances of West of England.
[232]Wirt Sikes:British Goblins, p. 26.
[232]Wirt Sikes:British Goblins, p. 26.
[233]See Chapter ‘Phantom Animals.’
[233]See Chapter ‘Phantom Animals.’
[234]Hunt’sPopular Romances of West of England, p. 354.
[234]Hunt’sPopular Romances of West of England, p. 354.
[235]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, iii. p. 96.
[235]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, iii. p. 96.
[236]Jones’sCredulities Past and Present, p. 138.
[236]Jones’sCredulities Past and Present, p. 138.
[237]Popular Romances of West of England, p. 350.
[237]Popular Romances of West of England, p. 350.
[238]Folk-lore Record, i. p. 54.
[238]Folk-lore Record, i. p. 54.
[239]McAnally:Irish Wonders, p. 112.
[239]McAnally:Irish Wonders, p. 112.
[240]Irish Wonders, 1888, p. 114.
[240]Irish Wonders, 1888, p. 114.
[241]Irish Wonders, p. 112.
[241]Irish Wonders, p. 112.
[242]Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland, p. 84.
[242]Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland, p. 84.
[243]British Goblins, pp. 212-216.
[243]British Goblins, pp. 212-216.
[244]See Bassett’sLegends and Superstitions of the Sea, pp. 346, 347.
[244]See Bassett’sLegends and Superstitions of the Sea, pp. 346, 347.
[245]Quoted in Bassett’sLegends of the Sea, p. 351.
[245]Quoted in Bassett’sLegends of the Sea, p. 351.
[246]Poems:A Greypoint Legend, 1797.
[246]Poems:A Greypoint Legend, 1797.
[247]The Wreck of the Schooner Breeze.
[247]The Wreck of the Schooner Breeze.
[248]Romances of West of England, pp. 362-364.
[248]Romances of West of England, pp. 362-364.
[249]Traditions and Fireside Stories of West Cornwall.
[249]Traditions and Fireside Stories of West Cornwall.
[250]Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry, p. 338.
[250]Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry, p. 338.
[251]Discoverie of Witchcraft.
[251]Discoverie of Witchcraft.
[252]Pop. Antiq.iii. p. 85.
[252]Pop. Antiq.iii. p. 85.
[253]Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft.
[253]Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft.
[254]Quoted by Bassett in hisLegends and Superstitions of the Sea, p. 288.
[254]Quoted by Bassett in hisLegends and Superstitions of the Sea, p. 288.
[255]Ibid.p. 286.
[255]Ibid.p. 286.
[256]Romances of West of England, p. 367.
[256]Romances of West of England, p. 367.
[257]Wirt Sikes:British Goblins.
[257]Wirt Sikes:British Goblins.
[258]A Discovery Concerning Ghosts, p. 3.
[258]A Discovery Concerning Ghosts, p. 3.
[259]Night Side of Nature.
[259]Night Side of Nature.
[260]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 270.
[260]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 270.
[261]SeeAll the Year Round, June 22, 1867.
[261]SeeAll the Year Round, June 22, 1867.
[262]Primitive Culture, i. p. 480.
[262]Primitive Culture, i. p. 480.
[263]See Letourneau’sSociology, p. 250; Sir John Lubbock’sOrigin of Civilisation, and Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 246.
[263]See Letourneau’sSociology, p. 250; Sir John Lubbock’sOrigin of Civilisation, and Primitive Condition of Man, 1870, p. 246.
[264]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 159-180.
[264]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 159-180.
[265]See Lord Clarendon’sHistory of the Rebellion, andNotes and Queries, July 1860.
[265]See Lord Clarendon’sHistory of the Rebellion, andNotes and Queries, July 1860.
[266]Gentleman’s Magazine, 1855, pt. ii. pp. 58, 59.
[266]Gentleman’s Magazine, 1855, pt. ii. pp. 58, 59.
[267]More Ghost Stories, p. 64.
[267]More Ghost Stories, p. 64.
[268]All the Year Round, December 24, 1870.
[268]All the Year Round, December 24, 1870.
[269]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 226-233.
[269]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 226-233.
[270]Ibid.see p. 222.
[270]Ibid.see p. 222.
[271]More Ghost Stories, W. T. Stead, 1892, p. 63.
[271]More Ghost Stories, W. T. Stead, 1892, p. 63.
[272]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 314, 315.
[272]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 314, 315.
[273]Henderson’s Folk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 314, 315.
[273]Henderson’s Folk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 314, 315.
[274]SeeIbid.p. 315; Ingram’sHaunted Homes, pp. 266-277;More Ghost Stories, W. T. Stead.
[274]SeeIbid.p. 315; Ingram’sHaunted Homes, pp. 266-277;More Ghost Stories, W. T. Stead.
[275]Quoted inBook of Days, i. p. 649.
[275]Quoted inBook of Days, i. p. 649.
[276]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 22.
[276]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 22.
[277]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, ii. p. 26.
[277]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, ii. p. 26.
[278]Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 108.
[278]Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 108.
[279]Schoolcraft’sIndian Tribes, v. p. 270.
[279]Schoolcraft’sIndian Tribes, v. p. 270.
[280]See Herbert Spencer’sPrinciples of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 199.
[280]See Herbert Spencer’sPrinciples of Sociology, 1885, i. p. 199.
[281]Ibid.p. 199.
[281]Ibid.p. 199.
[282]TheContemporary Review, xlviii. p. 109.
[282]TheContemporary Review, xlviii. p. 109.
[283]TheContemporary Review, xlviii. p. 111.
[283]TheContemporary Review, xlviii. p. 111.
[284]Northern Mythology, ii. p. 20.
[284]Northern Mythology, ii. p. 20.
[285]Bucolics, viii. p. 98.
[285]Bucolics, viii. p. 98.
[286]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 30.
[286]Primitive Culture, ii. p. 30.
[287]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 21.
[287]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 21.
[288]Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland, p. 84.
[288]Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages of Ireland, p. 84.
[289]Essay in the Study of Folk-Songs, pp. 14, 15.
[289]Essay in the Study of Folk-Songs, pp. 14, 15.
[290]Gill:Myths and Songs from the South Pacific, pp. 162, 163.
[290]Gill:Myths and Songs from the South Pacific, pp. 162, 163.
[291]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 33.
[291]See Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 33.
[292]Ibid.p. 30.
[292]Ibid.p. 30.
[293]Northern Mythology, i. p. 286.
[293]Northern Mythology, i. p. 286.
[294]Cf.Othello, Act v. sc. 2.
[294]Cf.Othello, Act v. sc. 2.
[295]Songs of the Russian People, pp. 115, 116.
[295]Songs of the Russian People, pp. 115, 116.
[296]Occult Sciences, 1855;Apparitions, pp. 80, 81.
[296]Occult Sciences, 1855;Apparitions, pp. 80, 81.
[297]See E. Yardley’sSupernatural in Fiction, pp. 29-31.
[297]See E. Yardley’sSupernatural in Fiction, pp. 29-31.
[298]See Chapter on ‘Ghost Laying.’
[298]See Chapter on ‘Ghost Laying.’
[299]Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 112; Ralston’sSongs of the Russian People, p. 319.
[299]Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 112; Ralston’sSongs of the Russian People, p. 319.
[300]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 20.
[300]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 20.
[301]Ibid.p. 29.
[301]Ibid.p. 29.
[302]Ibid.p. 21.
[302]Ibid.p. 21.
[303]‘The Primitive Ghost,’Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 107.
[303]‘The Primitive Ghost,’Contemporary Review, xlviii. p. 107.
[304]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. p. 205.
[304]Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, ii. p. 205.
[305]See Harland and Wilkinson’sLancashire Folk-lore, 1867, p. 63.
[305]See Harland and Wilkinson’sLancashire Folk-lore, 1867, p. 63.
[306]Gentleman’s Magazine, 1865, pt. ii. p. 564.
[306]Gentleman’s Magazine, 1865, pt. ii. p. 564.
[307]SeePopular Irish Superstitions, by W. R. Wilde, p. 109.
[307]SeePopular Irish Superstitions, by W. R. Wilde, p. 109.
[308]More Ghost Stories, collected and edited by W. T. Stead, 1892, p. 22.
[308]More Ghost Stories, collected and edited by W. T. Stead, 1892, p. 22.
[309]See Mrs. Crowe’sNight Side of Nature, 1854, p. 111.
[309]See Mrs. Crowe’sNight Side of Nature, 1854, p. 111.
[310]Wirt Sikes,British Goblins, p. 215.
[310]Wirt Sikes,British Goblins, p. 215.
[311]Primitive Culture, 1891, i. p. 448.
[311]Primitive Culture, 1891, i. p. 448.
[312]Real Ghost Stories, W. T. Stead, p. 103.
[312]Real Ghost Stories, W. T. Stead, p. 103.
[313]Harland and Wilkinson,Lancashire Folk-lore, p. 105.
[313]Harland and Wilkinson,Lancashire Folk-lore, p. 105.
[314]Quoted by Mrs. Crowe,Night Side of Nature, p. 202.
[314]Quoted by Mrs. Crowe,Night Side of Nature, p. 202.
[315]Messrs. Gurney, Myers, and Podmore.
[315]Messrs. Gurney, Myers, and Podmore.
[316]Phantasms of the Living, ii. p. 531.
[316]Phantasms of the Living, ii. p. 531.
[317]Nineteenth Century, April 1865, p. 629.
[317]Nineteenth Century, April 1865, p. 629.
[318]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 48.
[318]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 48.
[319]SeeBook of Days, ii. pp. 519-521.
[319]SeeBook of Days, ii. pp. 519-521.
[320]See Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, iii. p. 144.
[320]See Thorpe’sNorthern Mythology, iii. p. 144.
[321]Teutonic Mythology, ii. p. 827.
[321]Teutonic Mythology, ii. p. 827.
[322]Hamlet, Act v. sc. 1.
[322]Hamlet, Act v. sc. 1.
[323]SeeFolk-lore of Plants, pp. 12, 13.
[323]SeeFolk-lore of Plants, pp. 12, 13.
[324]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 293.
[324]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 293.
[325]Principles of Sociology, 1885, pp. 357-359.
[325]Principles of Sociology, 1885, pp. 357-359.
[326]Nineteenth Century, April, 1882, p. 394;Superstitions of Modern Greece, by M. Le Baron d’Estournelles.
[326]Nineteenth Century, April, 1882, p. 394;Superstitions of Modern Greece, by M. Le Baron d’Estournelles.
[327]Primitive Superstitions, p. 288.
[327]Primitive Superstitions, p. 288.
[328]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 24, 25.
[328]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, 2nd S. pp. 24, 25.
[329]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 322.
[329]Folk-lore of Northern Counties, p. 322.
[330]Notes and Queries, 1st S. v. p. 195.
[330]Notes and Queries, 1st S. v. p. 195.
[331]Popular Rhymes of Scotland, pp. 241-242.
[331]Popular Rhymes of Scotland, pp. 241-242.
[332]Popular Rhymes of Scotland, p. 240.
[332]Popular Rhymes of Scotland, p. 240.
[333]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 247-248.
[333]Henderson’sFolk-lore of Northern Counties, pp. 247-248.
[334]Wirt Sikes:British Goblins, pp. 151-152.
[334]Wirt Sikes:British Goblins, pp. 151-152.
[335]1865, pt. ii. pp. 706-707.
[335]1865, pt. ii. pp. 706-707.
[336]Primitive Superstitions, p. 310.
[336]Primitive Superstitions, p. 310.
[337]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 309.
[337]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 309.
[338]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, p. 53.
[338]See Ingram’sHaunted Homes, p. 53.
[339]A Discovery Concerning Ghosts, 1864, pp. 18, 19.
[339]A Discovery Concerning Ghosts, 1864, pp. 18, 19.
[340]Haunted Homes, p. 253.
[340]Haunted Homes, p. 253.
[341]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 145.
[341]Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 145.
[342]Mrs. Latham’s ‘West Sussex Superstitions,’Folk-lore Record, i. p. 21.
[342]Mrs. Latham’s ‘West Sussex Superstitions,’Folk-lore Record, i. p. 21.
[343]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 146.
[343]See Tylor’sPrimitive Culture, i. p. 146.
[344]See Southey’sLife of Wesley.
[344]See Southey’sLife of Wesley.
[345]Walter Gregor:Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, pp. 205, 206.
[345]Walter Gregor:Folk-lore of North-East of Scotland, pp. 205, 206.
[346]Nineteenth Century, vol. xvii. p. 627.
[346]Nineteenth Century, vol. xvii. p. 627.
[347]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 302.
[347]Dorman’sPrimitive Superstitions, p. 302.