Academy, the,253Acanthus, the,226Accents, Greek system of,248Achæan League, the,237,245Achæans, the, from the North,37;and Homer,40-42Achaia, a Roman province,261Achilles, worship of,41;the Shield of,42-47Acragas, temple at,130;Telamones of,166Acrocorinthus,7Acropolis, the,7,95,96,102,138,157;its architecture,163-165Actors,174Acusilaus,78Admetus,179Adonis,190,251Adultery in Sparta,90Ægean civilisation,16;culture,17et seq.;decay,31;art,32et seq.;dress of warriors,38;worship,65Ægean Sea,15Ægeus,15,165Ægina, commerce,127;war with,135;pedimental figures from,147Ægis, the,95Ægospotami,144Æolians, the,42Æschylus at court of Hiero,113,129;and the Oriental host,136;the drama of,174;the “Persæ,”176;the poet of Marathon,177;number of plays,182;in the “Frogs” of Aristophanes,184Æsculapius,70Ætolian League,237Agamemnon, tomb of,13,29;worship of,41;in the Iliad,49,58;in tragedy,181Agariste,109Agathocles,250Agathon,227,239Agelâdas of Argos,147Agesilaus, King of Sparta,81,85,200,228,241Agias (statue),169,218Agis, King of Sparta,85,93Agora, the,167Aidōs,10,137,187Ajax,147,176Alaric the Goth,170,262Alcæus,119,121Alcamenes,70,159“Alcestis” of Euripides,179Alcibiades,78,99,144,146,170,195,196Alcinous,48Alcmæonids, the,99,115,116Alcman,88,104Alexander the Great, career of,11;romantic,180;Agesilaus and,201;Lysippus sculptor to,218;and the temple at Ephesus,221;portraiture on coinage,226;Macedon under,237,241-245;in art,245-247Alexandria,243;laid out by Greek architects,247;commerce,247;the greatest city,247;library of,248;culture,248;the Museum,248;and poetry,249Amazons, battle of (sculpture),222Amen-Ra,251Ammon,243Amphictyons,72Amphidamas,63,76Amphipolis,240Anacreon,113,121,122,129Anaxagoras,145,146Anaximander,122Ancestor-worship,30,34,50Andromache,55,59Animal deities,65“Answerers,”174Antenor’s “Harmodius and Aristogeiton,”115Anthela,72Anthropomorphic religion,67Antigone,176,178Antioch,251Antiochus the Great,116Antiphon,229Anytus,232Apelles,213,223,242,245Aphaia, temple of, Ægina,147Aphrodite in Homer,50;worship of, in Corinth,108;on the Parthenon frieze,155;in fourth-century art,211;the Cnidian Aphrodite,213,214;in Alexandria,251;Aphrodite of Melos,251Apollo, the coming of,65-74;the Apollo Belvedere,71;Apollo of Delos,112;on the Parthenon frieze,155;temple of Phigaleia,169;statue at Delphi,169;and Orestes in drama,181;in fourth-century art,211;Apollo Sauroctonos,217;Palatine Apollo,218;and Niobe,222;“Apollo and Marsyas,”216Apollonius the Rhodian,249Apoxyomenus,81,218Arcadians, the,206,207Arcady,167Archelaus,239Archilochus,104,121,122Archimedes,248Architecture, prehistoric,24;Doric,106;temples,161;the Parthenon,161-163;the Acropolis,163,165;the Erechtheum,165-167;other Athenian buildings,167-168;other Greek buildings,168-171;fourth-century,226;the Corinthian order226;Græco-Roman,263Archons,117Areian Hill,117Areopagus, Solon and the,100;its powers,117;its influence,133;under democracy,141;power taken away by Pericles,142;meeting-place,167Ares,77,154;the Ludovisi,220Arethusa,131;coins,225Arginusæ,195,232Argives, the,109Argonautic expedition of Jason,249Argos,28,109,245Ariadne,15Arion,122,173Aristarchus, the Father of Criticism,248Aristeides,135,140,141Aristion, stēlē of,114Aristocracies,86,119,145,256Aristogeiton,115,180Aristophanes and “the Harmodius,”116;champions the hoplites,140;and Cleon,144;and liberty of speech,145;and Pheidias,157;humour of,183Aristotle on Spartan government,86;on tragedy,181;and state payment,197;his greatness and birth,253;disciple of Plato,253;teacher of Alexander,253;his writings,254;“The Politics,”255;his influence,261Arnold’s, Matthew, “Thyrsis,”250Art, Greek, its perfection,10,103;qualities,56;the cults and,103;simplicity,153,162;subordination of the artist,158;in the fourth century,208;continuance and decadence,262-263;Græco-Roman,265;perishes from vulgarity,266Artaphernes,134Artaxerxes,201,204Artemis,202,222;of Brauron,99,165;temple of, at Ephesus,221;“Artemis and Apollo,” by Praxiteles,216Artemisia, wife of Mausolus,221Ascra,62Ashtaroth,108Asia,244Aspasia,146Athena, statue of, at Troy,54;Pallas Athena,51,94;birth and worship,94;Northern origin,95;an Achæan goddess,95,102;hoplite goddess,95;and the name of Athens,95;gift of olive-tree,97;origin of Athena,99;and Erechtheus,102;shrine and image,102,165,166;Athena Parthenos,148,156;in Parthenon sculptures,151,152,154;statues of,157;the Mourning Athena,160,192;Athena Promachos,102,165;Athena the Crafts-woman,165;Athena type of coins,225;Athena and Marsyas,165Athenian drama,172Athenian mysteries,98Athens and the sea,6;and silver-mines,6;the state,9;pays tribute to Minos,16;occupations of the Athenians,40;Pallas Athena and,95;Theseus and,97;agricultural,97,98;Eupatridæ,97;democracy,97;religious customs,98;law-giving,99;Homer and,102;and the tyrants,104,115;Peisistratus and,110;police,111;state cults,111;freedom of,115;government,116;the rise of,132;attacks by Medes and Persians,134-140;and a navy,135;Athenian civilisation,140;a democratic city-state,140;Athenian empire,141;Pericles and liberty,142;conflict with Sparta,143;Peloponnesian War,143;capitulates,144;freedom in,145;Pericles’ ideal,146;Pericles’ Athens,150;the Long Walls,163,195,198;buildings of,167;aristocracy,172;downfall and restoration,194;popular government,195,197;oligarchy,196;the Thirty Tyrants,197;finance,198;fourth-century Athens,209;coinage,225;legal system,229;rebellion against aliens,238;and Macedon,240;oppressions,244;enslaved by Demetrius,252;her philosophers,252;and Aristotle,253;“Polity of Athens,”255;intellectual life of the third century,258;self-government under the Romans,261;schools of philosophy,261;Frankish dukes,262.See alsoAttica.Athens and Sparta,40,83,94,195,206,231Athletics, Greek, antiquity of,74,76;religious significance,74,75,76;a modernised programme of sports,74;Pythian Games,76;Olympian Games,76,78;nature of the contests,77;sacrifice and ritual,77;the competitors,77;the judges,77;the prize and honours,78;discreditable practices,78;anecdotes of Pausanias,78;Euripides’ tirade against,79;inspires sculpture,80;nudity,81Atreus,181Attalids,251Attalus,238Attica and Northern invasion,96;a city-state,97,111;the older worship of,98Attica, plain of,9Augustus and Alexander the Great,242Aule,59Aulis,63Autocracy, civilisation and,32Babylon,241Bacchiads, the,104Bacchylides,113,129Bacon,261“Basileis,”104Basileus,47Bassæ, temple at,169,226Beauty, Hellenism and,4Bentley, Richard,129Bias of Priene,101,122Bion,250Black Sea, the,110Bœotia,9,142Boethos,220Boston Museum, slabs in,125Boy Victor (statue),160Boy with thorn in foot (statue),160Branchidæ figures,54Brasidas,93,229Breathings and accents, Greek,248British Museum, Elgin Marbles,151,164,166;Strangford Shield,156;frieze from Phigaleia,170;statue of Demeter, &c.,219;head of Hypnos,220;Mausolus,221;Tanagra figures,227;Head of Alexander,246;the Portland Vase,263Bronze Age, the,16,19,36Bronzes,220Brunn on the Parthenon figures,151Bucchero nero,18Bucephalus,242,245Bull, the Farnese (sculpture),265Bull-baiting, Cnossian,25Burial of the dead,190Burke, Edmund,230Burrows, Prof., on Minoan drains,26;date of the fall of Minoan empire,38Butler, Samuel, on Homer,58Byron, Lord,262;on Anacreon,113Calamis,159Callimachus,166,226,249Callinus,122Calydonian boar-hunt,218Cameo-engraving,263Candahar,243Capitoline Gallery,214Carcinus,187Caria,221,237Carneades,259Carrara marble,147Carrey’s Parthenon drawings,150Carthage,129Carthaginian invaders of Sicily,250Caryatids,131,166Cassandra,58Cat, the,193Catabasis, the,202Cato,259Cave of Pan,168Caves as dwellings,18Cecropia,95Cecrops,96,166Cephisodotus,213