Geological formation,64,67,68; physical aspect of the coast lines,99.Ger-falcon,362.Giffard, Lieut. R.N., H.M.S. “Alert,” magnetic observer,154; in charge of the printing,164(n.),169,175,215,216; lecture on magnetism by,169; parts taken by, in theatricals,214.Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, musicians on board ship of,7.Glaciers: of Jacobshavn,32; of the Waigat,36; of Omenak fiord,38; near Cape York, Petowik,48; Crystal Palace,50; my brother John’s (of Kane),52; twin glaciers,60,61; of Grinnell Land,64,73,83; in Bessels Bay,99; Tyndall,359.Glaucous gulls,50.Godhavn, arrival at,26; lovely weather at,33; hospitality of the people,33,363,364.Godthaab, expedition off,24.Good, Joseph, petty officer, H.M.S. “Alert,” song by,168.Gore, Wm., stoker, H.M.S. “Alert,” song by,216.Grampus,21.Grand palæocrystic chorus,216.Greenland, streams of ice, sweep down east coast of,23; coast of,25; natives on east coast,69; insularity of, argument from tides,92; distant view from Floe-berg Beach,128; exploration of northern coast,242,346.“Greenwich,” observatory at winter quarters so called,152.Grinnell Land, description of,67,72; coast line,94.Gulls,50,101,332,360.Guy Fawkes’ day celebrated,179.Hair frozen into solid masses,209; effect of sledge travelling on colour of,334.Hakluyt Island,50.Hall Basin,100,101.Haloes,200.Hannah Island, ships anchored inside,100; visit to,101.Hans Egede,24.Hans Hendrik, Eskimo engaged at Proven,39; endeavour to engage his brother-in-law,48; seal shot by,354.Hares, traces of,60,107; at “Alert’s” winter quarters,211; traces of, on the Polar Sea,296,314; left by Captain Nares for N. division,321; shot, going south,345,351.Harmonium, obtained from the “Valorous,” at church,187.Hartstene Bay, arrival at,51.Hawks, Cape,83.Hayes, Dr.,51,52,53,72,73,85,99,360.Hayes, Cape, Eskimo remains on,69; ascent of,90.Hayes Sound,60; tides in,62; intended exploration,330.Henry Island of Hayes, not an island,64.“Hercules,” H.M. sledge, Lieut. W. H. May, R.N.,137,217.Hilgard, Cape, Eskimo remains on,69.Hoskins, Commodore A. H., sledging flagstaff presented by,307.Housing for winter quarters,154,155,156.Hudson’s Bay Company’s Taboggans, suitable in soft snow,281.Hummocks, difficulty of marching over, on the Polar Sea,278,279,281,284,301; discoloured by mud,301; great barrier of,303; great size,304,305; different colours of,316.Hunt, Wm., ward-room cook, H.M.S. “Alert,” songs by,214.Hydrostatics, lecture on, by Lieut. May,169.Ice, first seen,22; stream of, near Cape Farewell,23; the middle pack,44,45; dangers,65,66; occupations when detained by,66; ships stopped by,57,65,73,82,90,95,103,110,113,121,344; amusements on the,77; dock cut in the,86; great height of,89; increasing thickness,96; extending across Hall Basin,100; pressure on Cape Frederick VII.,114; of the Polar Ocean,127,147,200; the dangerous state of the, in autumn travelling,141; movement of, during winter,184; character of, in travelling over the Polar Ocean,284,291,300; symptoms of disruption,315,320; state of, on the voyage southward,344. (SeePalæocrystic, Blasting, Floe-bergs, Hummocks.)Ice navigation, most important maxim in,45; uncertainty of,57,64; qualities required for,82.Icebergs first sighted,22; constantly seen,23; in Disco Bay,32,34; danger from, in the Waigat,38; indicate shoal water,60; danger from, off Albert Head,65; ships endangered by,91; number decreasing,96; innumerable,359.Independence, Cape, of Kane,98.Insects collected,351.Isabella, Cape,356,357; Captain Markham lands at,56,57,95; letters at,358.Itivdliarsuk glacier,36.Ivory gull,46,50,101.Jacobshavn, glacier of,32.John Barrow, Cape,93.Jolliffe, Thos., petty officer, H.M.S. “Alert,” in N. division sledge party, holds out to the end,326(n.).Joseph Henry, Cape,127; Aldrich starts for, in the autumn,136; depôt near,147; dog “Sallie” lost at,190; arrival of sledges at,263; floes off,282; encamped abreast of,285; description of,285; northern division of sledges reaches,321; last seen,343.Kane, Dr., his open polar sea,72,98,360.Kardluk Point, in the Waigat,36.Kayak, difficulty of using,30; adventure of Mr. Wootton,30; Eskimo pilot in,43.Kennedy Channel crossed,103; musk-oxen on east side of,103.“Kew,” magnetic observatory at winter quarters so called,154.Kew Observatory, thermometer tested at,223.King ducks,50,332.Knapsacks, sledging, contents,235,236.Knots, seen and secured at Distant Cape,110.Lady Franklin Inlet,103,111.Lafayette Bay (of Kane),98,99.Lancaster Sound, geology,67; remains of Eskimo on shores of,68; “Alert” off mouth of,360.Lemmings, traces of,107; description,115,116; eaten by “Nellie,”212; traces away from the land,278.Letters at Cape Isabella,358; at Godhavn,363; at Littleton Island,358,362.Lieber, Cape,102.Lievely,26. (SeeGodhavn.)Life-boat Cove, visit to,53.Light, lecture on, by Lieut. Parr, R.N.,169; return of,207,225.Lime-juice, regular daily issue of,16; impossibility of using, while in a frozen state, away sledging,238; taken on the sledges by Commander Markham and Lieut. Parr,238; served out to sledge crew by Commander Markham,305; useless unless the whole volume is thawed,305; its use in the treatment of scurvy,329; used on all sledge journeys when its use was possible,330.Lincoln Bay,115; coast between, and Cape Union,121; depôt,117,248.Little Vulgar Boy, play acted by the officers,214.Littleton Island, visit of Captain Nares and Commander Markham to,53,55; not visited, going south,358; mail at,358,362.Looms (seeBirds),40,41.Loom soup,40.Louis Napoleon, Cape, Eskimo remains at,69; passed by the ships,90.Lyngenmarkfjeld, in Disco, ascent of,31.M‘Clintock, Admiral Sir Leopold, sledge of, the best,281; superintends outfit of expedition,2; his detention in the Melville Bay pack,44; sledge equipments superintended by,231; on the absurdity of taking frozen lime-juice on sledges,238; tea-leaves recommended by,316.Magnetic observations,31; while sledging,73,180,305; snow observatory for,152,153,209.Magnetism, lecture on, by Lieutenant Giffard, R.N.,169.“Marco Polo,” H.M. sledge,137,217,259.Marine shells found above sea-level,116.Markham, Commander Albert H., R.N., visit to Littleton Island,53; to Cape Isabella,56; to Hannah Island,101; to Distant Cape,110; starts on an autumn reconnaissance,128; starts on second autumn sledge journey,133; on main autumn sledge journey,137,144; in charge of magnetic observations,154; lecture on astronomy,169; parts taken by,174,214; followed by a wolf,228; takes lime-juice on his sledge,238; in command of the northern division of sledges,242,311; attains the most northern point ever reached by man,309,311; resolves to abandon large boat,288,289; serves out lime-juice,305.Markham, Clements, on Eskimo wanderings,68. (SeeClements Markham.)“Markham Hall,” storehouse at winter quarters,152; demolition of,210.Maskell, William, H.M.S. “Alert,” songs by,169,216; parts taken by,174; sledge crew, N. division, holds out to the end,317,318(n.).May, Lieutenant W. H., R.N., starts on autumn travelling,137; severely frost-bitten,147; suffers amputation,148; astronomical observer,152; his lecture on hydrostatics,169; manager of the theatre,214; glee sung by,216; sails his sledge,231(n.); comes to the rescue of the northern division,325; goes to succour Aldrich’s party,331,332.Medical staff, their tests of the physical capacity of the officers and men,15; unremitting care of the sick,333.Medical inspections,187,204,258,326,337.Medical stores for sledges,238(n.); weight,233.Medical instructions to commanders of sledges,238.Melville Bay,18,44; passage through,44; bear hunt in,46.Melville Island, remains of Eskimo at,69; musk-oxen at,106.Men of the expedition, selection of,4; tests of physical capacity,15; regular daily issue of lime-juice to,16; always reliable in an emergency,125; sufferings and excellent conduct in autumn travelling,134,145; their good humour and wit,146; frost-bites and amputations,148; clothing during winter,159,160; school for, in winter,166,167,213; theatricals,171,173; Christmas cheer,195; fondness for dancing,195,197,204; excellent health,204; paleness on return of sun,211; heroic conduct while sledging,277,286,287,291,302,310,311,313,316,352.Meteor, brilliant, seen at winter quarters,201.Meteorites at Ovifak,31.Meteorological observations,162,180,183,223.Middle pack, Captain Nares’s resolve to take the,44.Miocene Period, coal of, discovered,347.Mollies,361.Moon,181. (SeeParaselenæ.)Moravian missionaries,24.Morton, Cape,100,102; depôt of,100.Morton, Mr., his “open polar sea,”93; description of Cape Constitution, accurate,98; unable to ascend cliff,98.Mosquitoes, plague in Greenland,32.Moss, Dr., surgeon, H.M.S. “Alert,” reading by,168; lecture on mock moons under the microscope,169; makes a balloon on Guy Fawkes’ day,180; paints scenery for theatre,171; succours the northern division,326; sketch for bill of fare by,335; paints the boats,245.Murchison Sound,50.Musical instruments,7. (SeeHarmonium, Piano.)Musicians in the ships of Sir H. Gilbert and John Davis,7,8.Musk-oxen, traces of,60,61; hunting,104; range of,106; traces in Discovery Harbour,107; beef presented by “Alert” to “Discovery,”108; hunt in Shift-Rudder Bay,113; quantity of meat from,186,204; meat nearly stolen by dogs,207; in the summer,338.Mustard and cress grown in the “Alert,”205,211,345.Nares, Captain George S., R.N., resolves to take the middle pack,44; visits Life-boat Cove and Littleton Island,53; constant vigilance,66; visits Hannah Isle,101; ascends hill above Cape Morton,102; selects winter quarters for “Discovery,”107; observes opening in the pack,114; catches a lemming,115; desirous of finding a more sheltered spot for winter quarters,128,135; his account of sledge travelling,140; lecture on astronomy,169; gives name to the Palæocrystic Sea,200; excellent health and spirits of those under his command at the commencement of the New Year,204; lecture on sledging experiences,215; arrangement for opening communication with “Discovery,”246; unjust attack upon, regarding lime-juice,237; absurdity of the charge against him,238; his Union Jack taken with northern division,258; at Cape Joseph Henry Depôt,321; leaves hares for northern division,321; comes to the relief of the northern division,325,327; decision to return home,337,346; anxiety for safety of Beaumont,349; accepts offer of coal at Egedesminde,363; lands at Valentia,367; satisfaction of the Admiralty with his conduct of the Expedition,368.Narwhal hunting,59.Naturalist, zeal in a gale of wind,19; visit to Ovifak,31; finds Eskimo remains at Cape Beechey,69; ascends hill in Bessels Bay,101; at distant Cape,110. (SeeFeilden, Captain.)“Nellie,” Commander Markham’s black retriever, coveted by Eskimos at Proven,39; dislike of Eskimo dogs,78; surprise at the tabogganing,188; stood the cold well,188,189; adventure with, in the unifilar house,209,210; eats the lemmings,212; followed by a wolf,228.Nelson, Lord, an old Arctic officer,179.New Year’s day,202,203,204.Nip, preparations for,65,71,83; off Cape M‘Clintock,94; south of Cape Beechey,348. (SeeIce.)Norman-Lockyer Island, Eskimo remains on,69,74; visited,73.North extreme, camp,307,308; farthest point ever reached,309,311.“North Water,” of Baffin Bay,47; of Smith Sound,72,97.Northumberland Island,50.Norton Shaw Cape, passed by the ships,94.Observations, scientific, in winter quarters,180; difficulties,180; while sledging,305; at farthest northern point,307,310. (SeeMagnetic, Meteorological, Astronomical.)Observatories, wooden, for transit instrument,152; magnetic,154; dismantling of,227.Officers, selection,4; tests of physical capacity,15; amusements,167; lectures by,169; theatricals,169,173; scientific observations,180; birthdays celebrated,184; Christmas, bill of fare for,196; approval of decision of Captain Nares to return,337. (Seeunder names.)Omenak fiord, discharging glaciers in,38.Orchestra, Royal Arctic Theatre,171.Osborn, Rear-Admiral Sherard, C.B., dedication to, v.; on Eskimo wanderings,68.Ovifak, visit of naturalist to,31.Pack. (SeeIce.)Palæocrystic Sea, name given,200,234. (SeeFrozen Ocean.)Palæocrystic floes in Robeson Channel,92,114,118.Palæocrystic grand chorus,216; sung at the most northern position ever reached by man,310.“Pandora” brings letters to Cape Isabella,358; at Godhavn,363; sighted in the Atlantic,366.Paraselenæ,181,200.Parr, Lieut. A. C. C., R.N., ascends the hill above Bessels Bay,101; starts on autumn travelling,133,137,144; sledge goes through the ice,144; in charge of astronomical observatory,152; lecture on light by,169; takes lime-juice on his sledge,238; an indefatigable road-maker,286; sent to the ship for help,322,325.Parry, Sir Edward, his farthest northern point passed,150; his sense of the importance of exercising and improving the minds of the men in winter quarters,163,166; attempt to reach the pole,243(n.).Parry Islands, Eskimo remains on shores of,68.Payer Harbour,58.Pearce, Alfred, H.M.S. “Alert,” songs by,216; severely frost-bitten,286; attacked by scurvy,289.Pemmican,237,270.Pendulum Islands, Eskimos met with near,69.Petermann fiord,100; fine view of,103.Petersen, Danish dog-driver, autumn travelling,128,129; starts for “Discovery,”248; frost-bitten,248; efforts to save his life,248to254; brought back to the ship,254; death of,255,321.Petowick glacier,48.Photographing at Godhavn,31.Pinkey and Collins’ patent topsails,3.Plants,31,57,60,74,107. (SeeVegetation.)Plays. (SeeTheatricals.)Play-bills,173,175,176,214.Plymouth, visit from Commander-in-Chief,11.Polar Ocean,122,128,215,234,242; Parry’s attempt to sledge over,243(n.); march of the northern division over,276,311(seeHummocks),285,301; young ice,296.
Geological formation,64,67,68; physical aspect of the coast lines,99.
Ger-falcon,362.
Giffard, Lieut. R.N., H.M.S. “Alert,” magnetic observer,154; in charge of the printing,164(n.),169,175,215,216; lecture on magnetism by,169; parts taken by, in theatricals,214.
Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, musicians on board ship of,7.
Glaciers: of Jacobshavn,32; of the Waigat,36; of Omenak fiord,38; near Cape York, Petowik,48; Crystal Palace,50; my brother John’s (of Kane),52; twin glaciers,60,61; of Grinnell Land,64,73,83; in Bessels Bay,99; Tyndall,359.
Glaucous gulls,50.
Godhavn, arrival at,26; lovely weather at,33; hospitality of the people,33,363,364.
Godthaab, expedition off,24.
Good, Joseph, petty officer, H.M.S. “Alert,” song by,168.
Gore, Wm., stoker, H.M.S. “Alert,” song by,216.
Grampus,21.
Grand palæocrystic chorus,216.
Greenland, streams of ice, sweep down east coast of,23; coast of,25; natives on east coast,69; insularity of, argument from tides,92; distant view from Floe-berg Beach,128; exploration of northern coast,242,346.
“Greenwich,” observatory at winter quarters so called,152.
Grinnell Land, description of,67,72; coast line,94.
Gulls,50,101,332,360.
Guy Fawkes’ day celebrated,179.
Hair frozen into solid masses,209; effect of sledge travelling on colour of,334.
Hakluyt Island,50.
Hall Basin,100,101.
Haloes,200.
Hannah Island, ships anchored inside,100; visit to,101.
Hans Egede,24.
Hans Hendrik, Eskimo engaged at Proven,39; endeavour to engage his brother-in-law,48; seal shot by,354.
Hares, traces of,60,107; at “Alert’s” winter quarters,211; traces of, on the Polar Sea,296,314; left by Captain Nares for N. division,321; shot, going south,345,351.
Harmonium, obtained from the “Valorous,” at church,187.
Hartstene Bay, arrival at,51.
Hawks, Cape,83.
Hayes, Dr.,51,52,53,72,73,85,99,360.
Hayes, Cape, Eskimo remains on,69; ascent of,90.
Hayes Sound,60; tides in,62; intended exploration,330.
Henry Island of Hayes, not an island,64.
“Hercules,” H.M. sledge, Lieut. W. H. May, R.N.,137,217.
Hilgard, Cape, Eskimo remains on,69.
Hoskins, Commodore A. H., sledging flagstaff presented by,307.
Housing for winter quarters,154,155,156.
Hudson’s Bay Company’s Taboggans, suitable in soft snow,281.
Hummocks, difficulty of marching over, on the Polar Sea,278,279,281,284,301; discoloured by mud,301; great barrier of,303; great size,304,305; different colours of,316.
Hunt, Wm., ward-room cook, H.M.S. “Alert,” songs by,214.
Hydrostatics, lecture on, by Lieut. May,169.
Ice, first seen,22; stream of, near Cape Farewell,23; the middle pack,44,45; dangers,65,66; occupations when detained by,66; ships stopped by,57,65,73,82,90,95,103,110,113,121,344; amusements on the,77; dock cut in the,86; great height of,89; increasing thickness,96; extending across Hall Basin,100; pressure on Cape Frederick VII.,114; of the Polar Ocean,127,147,200; the dangerous state of the, in autumn travelling,141; movement of, during winter,184; character of, in travelling over the Polar Ocean,284,291,300; symptoms of disruption,315,320; state of, on the voyage southward,344. (SeePalæocrystic, Blasting, Floe-bergs, Hummocks.)
Ice navigation, most important maxim in,45; uncertainty of,57,64; qualities required for,82.
Icebergs first sighted,22; constantly seen,23; in Disco Bay,32,34; danger from, in the Waigat,38; indicate shoal water,60; danger from, off Albert Head,65; ships endangered by,91; number decreasing,96; innumerable,359.
Independence, Cape, of Kane,98.
Insects collected,351.
Isabella, Cape,356,357; Captain Markham lands at,56,57,95; letters at,358.
Itivdliarsuk glacier,36.
Ivory gull,46,50,101.
Jacobshavn, glacier of,32.
John Barrow, Cape,93.
Jolliffe, Thos., petty officer, H.M.S. “Alert,” in N. division sledge party, holds out to the end,326(n.).
Joseph Henry, Cape,127; Aldrich starts for, in the autumn,136; depôt near,147; dog “Sallie” lost at,190; arrival of sledges at,263; floes off,282; encamped abreast of,285; description of,285; northern division of sledges reaches,321; last seen,343.
Kane, Dr., his open polar sea,72,98,360.
Kardluk Point, in the Waigat,36.
Kayak, difficulty of using,30; adventure of Mr. Wootton,30; Eskimo pilot in,43.
Kennedy Channel crossed,103; musk-oxen on east side of,103.
“Kew,” magnetic observatory at winter quarters so called,154.
Kew Observatory, thermometer tested at,223.
King ducks,50,332.
Knapsacks, sledging, contents,235,236.
Knots, seen and secured at Distant Cape,110.
Lady Franklin Inlet,103,111.
Lafayette Bay (of Kane),98,99.
Lancaster Sound, geology,67; remains of Eskimo on shores of,68; “Alert” off mouth of,360.
Lemmings, traces of,107; description,115,116; eaten by “Nellie,”212; traces away from the land,278.
Letters at Cape Isabella,358; at Godhavn,363; at Littleton Island,358,362.
Lieber, Cape,102.
Lievely,26. (SeeGodhavn.)
Life-boat Cove, visit to,53.
Light, lecture on, by Lieut. Parr, R.N.,169; return of,207,225.
Lime-juice, regular daily issue of,16; impossibility of using, while in a frozen state, away sledging,238; taken on the sledges by Commander Markham and Lieut. Parr,238; served out to sledge crew by Commander Markham,305; useless unless the whole volume is thawed,305; its use in the treatment of scurvy,329; used on all sledge journeys when its use was possible,330.
Lincoln Bay,115; coast between, and Cape Union,121; depôt,117,248.
Little Vulgar Boy, play acted by the officers,214.
Littleton Island, visit of Captain Nares and Commander Markham to,53,55; not visited, going south,358; mail at,358,362.
Looms (seeBirds),40,41.
Loom soup,40.
Louis Napoleon, Cape, Eskimo remains at,69; passed by the ships,90.
Lyngenmarkfjeld, in Disco, ascent of,31.
M‘Clintock, Admiral Sir Leopold, sledge of, the best,281; superintends outfit of expedition,2; his detention in the Melville Bay pack,44; sledge equipments superintended by,231; on the absurdity of taking frozen lime-juice on sledges,238; tea-leaves recommended by,316.
Magnetic observations,31; while sledging,73,180,305; snow observatory for,152,153,209.
Magnetism, lecture on, by Lieutenant Giffard, R.N.,169.
“Marco Polo,” H.M. sledge,137,217,259.
Marine shells found above sea-level,116.
Markham, Commander Albert H., R.N., visit to Littleton Island,53; to Cape Isabella,56; to Hannah Island,101; to Distant Cape,110; starts on an autumn reconnaissance,128; starts on second autumn sledge journey,133; on main autumn sledge journey,137,144; in charge of magnetic observations,154; lecture on astronomy,169; parts taken by,174,214; followed by a wolf,228; takes lime-juice on his sledge,238; in command of the northern division of sledges,242,311; attains the most northern point ever reached by man,309,311; resolves to abandon large boat,288,289; serves out lime-juice,305.
Markham, Clements, on Eskimo wanderings,68. (SeeClements Markham.)
“Markham Hall,” storehouse at winter quarters,152; demolition of,210.
Maskell, William, H.M.S. “Alert,” songs by,169,216; parts taken by,174; sledge crew, N. division, holds out to the end,317,318(n.).
May, Lieutenant W. H., R.N., starts on autumn travelling,137; severely frost-bitten,147; suffers amputation,148; astronomical observer,152; his lecture on hydrostatics,169; manager of the theatre,214; glee sung by,216; sails his sledge,231(n.); comes to the rescue of the northern division,325; goes to succour Aldrich’s party,331,332.
Medical staff, their tests of the physical capacity of the officers and men,15; unremitting care of the sick,333.
Medical inspections,187,204,258,326,337.
Medical stores for sledges,238(n.); weight,233.
Medical instructions to commanders of sledges,238.
Melville Bay,18,44; passage through,44; bear hunt in,46.
Melville Island, remains of Eskimo at,69; musk-oxen at,106.
Men of the expedition, selection of,4; tests of physical capacity,15; regular daily issue of lime-juice to,16; always reliable in an emergency,125; sufferings and excellent conduct in autumn travelling,134,145; their good humour and wit,146; frost-bites and amputations,148; clothing during winter,159,160; school for, in winter,166,167,213; theatricals,171,173; Christmas cheer,195; fondness for dancing,195,197,204; excellent health,204; paleness on return of sun,211; heroic conduct while sledging,277,286,287,291,302,310,311,313,316,352.
Meteor, brilliant, seen at winter quarters,201.
Meteorites at Ovifak,31.
Meteorological observations,162,180,183,223.
Middle pack, Captain Nares’s resolve to take the,44.
Miocene Period, coal of, discovered,347.
Mollies,361.
Moon,181. (SeeParaselenæ.)
Moravian missionaries,24.
Morton, Cape,100,102; depôt of,100.
Morton, Mr., his “open polar sea,”93; description of Cape Constitution, accurate,98; unable to ascend cliff,98.
Mosquitoes, plague in Greenland,32.
Moss, Dr., surgeon, H.M.S. “Alert,” reading by,168; lecture on mock moons under the microscope,169; makes a balloon on Guy Fawkes’ day,180; paints scenery for theatre,171; succours the northern division,326; sketch for bill of fare by,335; paints the boats,245.
Murchison Sound,50.
Musical instruments,7. (SeeHarmonium, Piano.)
Musicians in the ships of Sir H. Gilbert and John Davis,7,8.
Musk-oxen, traces of,60,61; hunting,104; range of,106; traces in Discovery Harbour,107; beef presented by “Alert” to “Discovery,”108; hunt in Shift-Rudder Bay,113; quantity of meat from,186,204; meat nearly stolen by dogs,207; in the summer,338.
Mustard and cress grown in the “Alert,”205,211,345.
Nares, Captain George S., R.N., resolves to take the middle pack,44; visits Life-boat Cove and Littleton Island,53; constant vigilance,66; visits Hannah Isle,101; ascends hill above Cape Morton,102; selects winter quarters for “Discovery,”107; observes opening in the pack,114; catches a lemming,115; desirous of finding a more sheltered spot for winter quarters,128,135; his account of sledge travelling,140; lecture on astronomy,169; gives name to the Palæocrystic Sea,200; excellent health and spirits of those under his command at the commencement of the New Year,204; lecture on sledging experiences,215; arrangement for opening communication with “Discovery,”246; unjust attack upon, regarding lime-juice,237; absurdity of the charge against him,238; his Union Jack taken with northern division,258; at Cape Joseph Henry Depôt,321; leaves hares for northern division,321; comes to the relief of the northern division,325,327; decision to return home,337,346; anxiety for safety of Beaumont,349; accepts offer of coal at Egedesminde,363; lands at Valentia,367; satisfaction of the Admiralty with his conduct of the Expedition,368.
Narwhal hunting,59.
Naturalist, zeal in a gale of wind,19; visit to Ovifak,31; finds Eskimo remains at Cape Beechey,69; ascends hill in Bessels Bay,101; at distant Cape,110. (SeeFeilden, Captain.)
“Nellie,” Commander Markham’s black retriever, coveted by Eskimos at Proven,39; dislike of Eskimo dogs,78; surprise at the tabogganing,188; stood the cold well,188,189; adventure with, in the unifilar house,209,210; eats the lemmings,212; followed by a wolf,228.
Nelson, Lord, an old Arctic officer,179.
New Year’s day,202,203,204.
Nip, preparations for,65,71,83; off Cape M‘Clintock,94; south of Cape Beechey,348. (SeeIce.)
Norman-Lockyer Island, Eskimo remains on,69,74; visited,73.
North extreme, camp,307,308; farthest point ever reached,309,311.
“North Water,” of Baffin Bay,47; of Smith Sound,72,97.
Northumberland Island,50.
Norton Shaw Cape, passed by the ships,94.
Observations, scientific, in winter quarters,180; difficulties,180; while sledging,305; at farthest northern point,307,310. (SeeMagnetic, Meteorological, Astronomical.)
Observatories, wooden, for transit instrument,152; magnetic,154; dismantling of,227.
Officers, selection,4; tests of physical capacity,15; amusements,167; lectures by,169; theatricals,169,173; scientific observations,180; birthdays celebrated,184; Christmas, bill of fare for,196; approval of decision of Captain Nares to return,337. (Seeunder names.)
Omenak fiord, discharging glaciers in,38.
Orchestra, Royal Arctic Theatre,171.
Osborn, Rear-Admiral Sherard, C.B., dedication to, v.; on Eskimo wanderings,68.
Ovifak, visit of naturalist to,31.
Pack. (SeeIce.)
Palæocrystic Sea, name given,200,234. (SeeFrozen Ocean.)
Palæocrystic floes in Robeson Channel,92,114,118.
Palæocrystic grand chorus,216; sung at the most northern position ever reached by man,310.
“Pandora” brings letters to Cape Isabella,358; at Godhavn,363; sighted in the Atlantic,366.
Paraselenæ,181,200.
Parr, Lieut. A. C. C., R.N., ascends the hill above Bessels Bay,101; starts on autumn travelling,133,137,144; sledge goes through the ice,144; in charge of astronomical observatory,152; lecture on light by,169; takes lime-juice on his sledge,238; an indefatigable road-maker,286; sent to the ship for help,322,325.
Parry, Sir Edward, his farthest northern point passed,150; his sense of the importance of exercising and improving the minds of the men in winter quarters,163,166; attempt to reach the pole,243(n.).
Parry Islands, Eskimo remains on shores of,68.
Payer Harbour,58.
Pearce, Alfred, H.M.S. “Alert,” songs by,216; severely frost-bitten,286; attacked by scurvy,289.
Pemmican,237,270.
Pendulum Islands, Eskimos met with near,69.
Petermann fiord,100; fine view of,103.
Petersen, Danish dog-driver, autumn travelling,128,129; starts for “Discovery,”248; frost-bitten,248; efforts to save his life,248to254; brought back to the ship,254; death of,255,321.
Petowick glacier,48.
Photographing at Godhavn,31.
Pinkey and Collins’ patent topsails,3.
Plants,31,57,60,74,107. (SeeVegetation.)
Plays. (SeeTheatricals.)
Play-bills,173,175,176,214.
Plymouth, visit from Commander-in-Chief,11.
Polar Ocean,122,128,215,234,242; Parry’s attempt to sledge over,243(n.); march of the northern division over,276,311(seeHummocks),285,301; young ice,296.