Chapter 15

A .- H .... O . . V ...-

B - . . . I .. P ..... W .--

C .. . J -.-. Q ..-. X .-..

D -.. K -.- R . .. Y .. ..

E . L — S ... Z ... .

F .-. M -- T -- & . ...

G --. N -. U ..-

Numerals

1 .--. 4 . . . .- 7 --..

2 ..-.. 5 --- 8 - . . . .

3 . . . -. 6 . . . . . . 9 -..-

0 ---- Period ..--.. Comma .-.-

The International (Morse) code used elsewhere is the same as the above with the following exceptions.

C -.-. L .-.. Q --.- Y -.--

F ..-. O --- R .-. Z --..

J .--- P .--. X -..- The Morse code is used chiefly with the electric telegraph, but is also employed in signalling with flags, lights, etc.

Mort (?),n.[F.mortdummy, lit., dead.] A variety of dummy whist for three players; also, the exposed or dummy hand in this game.

Mos (?),n.,sing.of Mores.

Mo"sey (?),v. i.[Perh. fr. Vamose.] To go, or move (in a certain manner); -- usually without,off,along, etc. [Colloq.]E. N. Wescott.

Most (?),adv.--Most-favored- nation clause(Diplomacy), a clause, often inserted in treaties, by which each of the contracting nations binds itself to grant to the other in certain stipulated matters the same terms as are then, or may be thereafter, granted to the nation which receives from it the most favorable terms in respect of those matters.

There was a "most-favored-nation"clausewith provisions for the good treatment of strangers entering the Republic.

James Bryce.

Steam navigation was secured by the Japanese as far as Chungking, and under themost-favored-nation clausethe right accrued to us.

A. R. Colquhoun.

Moth"er's Day. A day appointed for the honor and uplift of motherhood by the loving remembrance of each person of his mother through the performance of some act of kindness, visit, tribute, or letter. The founder of the day is Anna Jarvis, of Philadelphia, who designated the second Sunday in May, or for schools the second Friday, as the time, and a white carnation as the badge.

||Mo`tif" (?),n.[F.]1.In literature and the fine arts, a salient feature or element of a composition or work; esp., the theme, or central or dominant feature; specif.(Music), a motive.

Thismotif, of old things lost, is a favorite one for the serious ballade.

R. M. Alden.

The design . . . is . . . based on the peacock -- amotiffavored by decorative artists of all ages.

R. D. Benn.

2.(Dressmaking)A decorative appliqué design or figure, as of lace or velvet, used in trimming.

Mo"tile (?),a.[See Motive.]1.(Biol.)Exhibiting, or capable of, spontaneous movement; as,motilecilia,motilespores, etc.

2.Producing motion; as,motilepowers.

Mo"tile,n.(Psychol.)A person whose prevailing mental imagery takes the form of inner feelings of action, such as incipient pronunciation of words, muscular innervations, etc.

Mo"tion pic"ture. A moving picture.

Mo"ti*vate (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.-vated (?);p. pr. & vb. n.-vating (?).] [From Motive,n.] To provide with a motive; to move; impel; induce; incite. - - Mo`ti*va"tion (#),n.William James.

Mo"to*graph (?),n.[L.movere,motum, to move +-graph.](Elec.)A device utilized in the making of a loud-speaking telephone, depending on the fact that the friction between a metallic point and a moving cylinder of moistened chalk, or a moving slip of paper, on which it rests is diminished by the passage of a current between the point and the moving surface. -- Mo`to*graph"ic (#),a.

Mo"tor,n.A motor car; an automobile. [Colloq.]

{ Motor car, or Mo"tor*car` },n.1.An automobile, locomobile, or locomotive designed to run and be steered on a street or roadway; esp., an automobile specially designed for passengers.

2.(Elec. Railroads)Any car containing motors for propulsion. [U. S.]

{ Motor cycle, or Mo"tor*cy`cle },n.A bicycle having a motor attached so as to be self-propelled. In Great Britain the termmotor cycleis treated by statute (3 Ed VII. c. 36) as limited to motor cars (self-propelled vehicles) designed to travel on not more than three wheels, and weighing unladen (that is, without water, fuel, or accumulators necessary for propulsion) not more than three hundred weight (336 lbs.).

Mo`tor-driv`en,a.(Mach.)Driven or actuated by a motor, esp. by an individual electric motor. An electric motor forms an integral part of many machine tools in numerous modern machine shops.

Motor generator. The combination consisting of a generator and a driving motor mechanically connected, usually on a common bedplate and with the two shafts directly coupled or combined into a single shaft.

Mo"tor*ing (?),n.Act or recreation of riding in or driving a motor car or automobile.

Mo"tor*ing,a.Pertaining to motor cars or automobiles, or to the technology of such; addicted to riding in or driving automobiles; as,motoringparlance; mymotoringfriend.

Mo"tor*ize (m"tr*z),v. t.[Motor+-ize.] To substitute motor- driven vehicles, or automobiles, for the horses and horse-drawn vehicles of (a fire department, city, etc.). -- Mo`tor*i*za"tion (#),n.

Mount,n.(Palmistry)Any one of seven fleshy prominences in the palm of the hand which are taken as significant of the influence of "planets," and called themountsof Jupiter, Mars, Mercury, the Moon, Saturn, the Sun or Apollo, and Venus.

Moun"tain spec"ter. An optical phenomenon sometimes seen on the summit of mountains (as on the Brocken) when the observer is between the sun and a mass of cloud. The figures of the observer and surrounding objects are seen projected on the cloud, greatly enlarged and often encircled by rainbow colors.

Moun"tain State. Montana; -- a nickname.

Mount"ing,n.(Aëronautics)= Carriage.

||Mous`que*taire" (?),n.[F.]1.A musketeer, esp. one of the French royal musketeers of the 17th and 18th centuries, conspicuous both for their daring and their fine dress.

2.A mosquetaire cuff or glove, or other article of dress fancied to resemble those worn by the French mosquetaires.

Mousquetaire cuff. A deep flaring cuff.

Mousquetaire glove. A woman's glove with a long, loosely fitting wrist.

Mousse (ms),n.[F.](Cookery)A frozen dessert of a frothy texture, made of sweetened and flavored whipped cream, sometimes with the addition of egg yolks and gelatin. Mousse differs from ice cream in being beaten before -- not during -- the freezing process.

||Mousse`line de soie" (?). [F.] A soft thin silk fabric with a weave like that of muslin.

Mov"ie (?),n.A moving picture or a moving picture show; -- commonly used inpl.[Slang or Colloq.]

Moving picture. A series of pictures, usually photographs taken with a special machine, presented to the eye in very rapid succession, with some or all of the objects in the picture represented in slightly changed positions, producing, by persistence of vision, the optical effect of a continuous picture in which the objects move in some manner, as that of some original scene. The usual form of moving pictures is that produced by the cinematograph.

Muck rake. A rake for scraping up muck or dung. See Muckrake,v. i., below.

Muck"rake` (?),v. i.[imp. & p. p.-raked (?);p. pr. & vb. n.-raking (?).] To seek for, expose, or charge, esp. habitually, corruption, real or alleged, on the part of public men and corporations. On April 14, 1906, President Roosevelt delivered a speech on "The Man with the Muck Rake," in which he deprecated sweeping and unjust charges of corruption against public men and corporations. The phrase was taken up by the press, and the verb to muck"rake`, in the above sense, and the noun muck"rak`er (&?;), to designate one so engaged, were speedily coined and obtained wide currency. The original allusion was to a character in Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" so intent on raking up muck that he could not see a celestial crown held above him.

Mu"coid (?),n.[Mucin +- oid.](Physiol. Chem.)One of a class of mucinlike substances yielding on decomposition a reducing carbohydrate together with some form of proteid matter.

Mud"sill`,n.Fig.: A person of the lowest stratum of society; -- a term of opprobrium or contempt. [Southern U. S.]

Muf"fler,n.(Mach.)Any of various devices to deaden the noise of escaping gases or vapors, as a tube filled with obstructions, through which the exhaust gases of an internal-combustion engine, as on an automobile, are passed (called alsosilencer).

{ Mug"ger (?),n.Also Mug"gar, Mug"gur }. [Hind.magar, fr. Skr.makarasea monster.] The common crocodile (Crocodilus palustris) of India, the East Indies, etc. It becomes twelve feet or more long.

Mug"gins (?),n.[Etym. unknown.]1.A game of dominoes in which the object is to make the sum of the two ends of the line some multiple of five.

2.A game at cards which depends upon building in suits or matching exposed cards, the object being to get rid of one's cards.

Mug"gins,v. t.In certain games, to score against, or take an advantage over (an opponent), as for an error, announcing the act by saying "muggins."

Mule killer. Any of several arthropods erroneously supposed to kill live stock, in the southern United States, by stinging or by being swallowed; as:(a)A whip scorpion. [Florida](b)A walking- stick insect. [Texas](c)A mantis.(d)A wheel bug.

Mul"ti*graph (?),n.[Multi-+-graph.] A combined rotary type-setting and printing machine for office use. The type is transferred semi-automatically by means of keys from a type-supply drum to a printing drum. The printing may be done by means of an inked ribbon to print "typewritten" letters, or directly from inked type or a stereotype plate, as in a printing press.

Mul"ti*phase (?),a.[Multi-+phase.] Having many phases; specif.(Elec.), pertaining to, or designating, a generator producing, or any system conveying or utilizing, two or more waves of pressure, or electromotive force, not in phase with each other; polyphase.

Mul"ti*plane (?),a.Having several or many planes or plane surfaces; as, amultiplanekite.

Mul"ti*plane,n.[Multi-+plane.](Aëronautics)An aëroplane with three or more superposed main planes.

Mul`ti*po"lar (?),a.[Multi-+polar.]1.Having many poles; inAnat., designating specif. a nerve cell which has several dendrites.

2.(Elec.)Having, or pertaining to, many poles, as a field magnet or armature of a dynamo, or a dynamo having such a field magnet or (sometimes) armature.

Mum"bo Jum"bo (?),n.[Perh. fr. the native name of an African god.] Among the Mandingos of the western Sudan, a bugbear by means of which the women are terrified and disciplined by societies of the men, one of whom assumes a masquerade for the purpose; hence, loosely, any Negro idol, fetish, or bugaboo.

Mun"go (?),n.A material of short fiber and inferior quality obtained by deviling woolen rags or the remnants of woolen goods, specif. those of felted, milled, or hard- spun woolen cloth, as distinguished fromshoddy, or the deviled product of loose-textured woolen goods or worsted, -- a distinction often disregarded.

Mu*nic"i*pal*ize (?),v. t.[Municipal+-ize.] To bring under municipal oversight or control; as, amunicipalizedindustry.

London people are now determined to centralize and tomunicipalizesuch services.

The Century.

Mus"cle read`ing. The art of making discriminations between objects of choice, of discovering the whereabouts of hidden objects, etc., by inference from the involuntary movements of one whose hand the reader holds or with whom he is otherwise in muscular contact.

Mush (?),n.[Perh. short formush on, a corrupt of E.marchons, the cry of the voyageurs and coureurs de bois to their dogs.] A march on foot, esp. across the snow with dogs; as, he had a longmushbefore him; -- also used attributively. [Colloq., Alaska & Northwestern U. S.]

Mush,v. i.[imp. & p. p.Mushed (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Mushing.] To travel on foot, esp. across the snow with dogs. --v. t.To cause to travel or journey. [Rare] [Colloq., Alaska & Northwestern U. S.]

Mush,v. t.To notch, cut, or indent, as cloth, with a stamp.

Mu"sic dra`ma. An opera in which the text and action are not interrupted by set arias, duets, etc., the music being determined throughout by dramatic appropriateness; musical drama of this character, in general. It involves the use of a kind of melodious declamation, the development of leitmotif, great orchestral elaboration, and a fusion of poetry, music, action, and scene into an organic whole. The term is applied esp. to the later works of Wagner: "Tristan und Isolde," "Die Meistersinger," "Rheingold," "Walküre," "Siegfried," "Götterdämmerung," and "Parsifal."

Music hall. A place for public musical entertainments; specif. (Eng.), esp. a public hall for vaudeville performances, in which smoking and drinking are usually allowed in the auditorium.

Must (mst),n.[Hind.mastintoxicated, ruttish, fr. Skr.matta, p.p. ofmadto rejoice, intoxicate.](Zoöl.)Being in a condition of dangerous frenzy, usually connected with sexual excitement; -- said of adult male elephants which become so at irregular intervals. --n.(a)The condition of frenzy.(b)An elephant in must.

Mus`tah"fiz` (?),n.[Turk. & Ar.mustafiwho trusts to another's keeping, a soldier of a garrison.] See Army organization, above.

Mu*ta"tion (?),n.1.(Biol.)Gradual definitely tending variation, such as may be observed in a group of organisms in the fossils of successive geological levels.

2.(Biol.)(a)As now employed (first by de Vries), a sudden variation (the offspring differing from its parents in some well-marked character or characters) as distinguished from a gradual variation in which the new characters become fully developed only in the course of many generations. The occurrence of mutations, and the hereditary transmission, under some conditions, of the characters so appearing, are well-established facts; whether the process has played an important part in the evolution of the existing species and other groups of organisms is a disputed question.(b)The result of the above process; a suddenly produced variation.

Mu*tes`sa*rif" (?),n.[Turk. & Ar.muteçariffreely disposing of anything, master.] In Turkey, an administrative authority of any of certain sanjaks. They are appointed directly by the Sultan.

Mu*tes`sa*ri*fat" (?),n.[Turk. & Ar.muteçarifahoffice of a mutessarif.] In Turkey, a sanjak whose head is a mutessarif.

Mu"to*scope (?),n.[L.mutareto change +-scope.] A simple form of moving-picture machine in which the series of views, exhibiting the successive phases of a scene, are printed on paper and mounted around the periphery of a wheel. The rotation of the wheel brings them rapidly into sight, one after another, and the blended effect gives a semblance of motion.

||My*ce`to*zo"a (?),n. pl.[NL.; Gr. &?;, &?;, fungus + &?; pl. of &?; an animal.](Zoöl.)The Myxomycetes; -- so called by those who regard them as a class of animals. -- My*ce`to*zo"an (#),a.

My"kiss (?),n.[Russ.muikize, prob. fr. a native name.](Zoöl.)A salmon (Salmo mykiss, syn.S. purpuratus) marked with black spots and a red throat, found in most of the rivers from Alaska to the Colorado River, and in Siberia; -- called alsoblack-spotted trout,cutthroat trout, andredthroat trout.

Myr"me*co*phyte` (?),n.[Gr. my`rmhx, my`rmhkos, ant + fyto`n plant.](Bot.)A plant that affords shelter and food to certain species of ants which live in symbiotic relations with it. Special adaptations for this purpose exist; thus,Acacia spadicigerahas large hollows thorns, and species ofCecropiahave stem cavities. -- Myr`me*co*phyt"ic (#),a.

||Myx`œ*de"ma (?),n.[NL. fr. Gr. &?; mucus +œdema.](Med.)A disease producing a peculiar cretinoid appearance of the face, slow speech, and dullness of intellect, and due to failure of the functions of the thyroid gland. -- Myx`œ*dem"a*tous (#),a., Myx`œ*dem"ic (#),a.

||Myx`o*my*ce"tes (?),n. pl.[NL.; Gr. &?; mucus, slime +myceles.](Bot.)A class of peculiar organisms, the slime molds, formerly regarded as animals (Mycetozoa), but now generally thought to be plants and often separated as a distinct phylum (Myxophyta). They are found on damp earth and decaying vegetable matter, and consist of naked masses of protoplasm, often of considerable size, which creep very slowly over the surface and ingest solid food. -- Myx`o*my*ce"tous (#),a.

||Myx*oph"y*ta (?),n. pl.[NL.; Gr. &?; mucus, slime + &?; plant.](Bot.)A phylum of the vegetable kingdom consisting of the class Myxomycetes. By some botanists it is not separated from the Thallophyta.

Na*celle" (?),n.[F.]1.A small boat. [Obs.]

2.The basket suspended from a balloon; hence, the framework forming the body of a dirigible balloon, and containing the machinery, passengers, etc.

3.A boatlike, inclosed body of an aëroplane.

||Na`cré" (?),a.[F. See Nacre.](Art)Having the peculiar iridescence of nacre, or mother-of-pearl, or an iridescence resembling it; as,nacréware.

Na*ga"na (?),n.[Prob. native name.](Med.)The disease caused by the tsetse fly. [South Africa]

Na"nism (?),n.[Gr. &?; +-ism: cf. F.nanisme.] The condition of being abnormally small in stature; dwarfishness; -- opposed togigantism.

Nap (?),n.Same as Napoleon, 1, below.

Na*po"le*on (?),n.1.(Card Playing)(a)A game in which each player holds five cards, the eldest hand stating the number of tricks he will bid to take, any subsequent player having the right to overbid him or a previous bidder, the highest bidder naming the trump and winning a number of points equal to his bid if he makes so many tricks, or losing the same number of points if he fails to make them.(b)A bid to take five tricks at napoleon. It is ordinarily the highest bid; but sometimes bids are allowed ofwellington, or ofblucher, to take five tricks, or pay double, or treble, if unsuccessful.

2.A Napoleon gun.

3.A kind of top boot of the middle of the 19th century.

4.A shape and size of cigar. It is about seven inches long.

Na*tal" boil (?).(Med.)= Aleppo boil.

||Na`ti*o*nal"rath` (?),n.[G.](Switzerland)See Legislature.

Na"tive steel. A sort of steel which has been found where a burning coal seam had reduced and carbonized adjacent iron ore.

Nat"u*ral*ism,n.1.The theory that art or literature should conform to nature; realism; also, the quality, rendering, or expression of art or literature executed according to this theory.

2.Specif., the principles and characteristics professed or represented by a 19th-century school of realistic writers, notably by Zola and Maupassant, who aimed to give a literal transcription of reality, and laid special stress on the analytic study of character, and on the scientific and experimental nature of their observation of life.

Nat"u*ral steel. Steel made by the direct refining of cast iron in a finery, or, as wootz, by a direct process from the ore.

Nau"heim treat`ment (?).(Med.)Orig., a method of therapeutic treatment administered, esp. for chronic diseases of the curculatory system, at Bad Nauheim, Germany, by G. Schott, consisting in baths in the natural mineral waters of that place, which are charged with carbonic acid, and the use of a graduated course of rest, physical exercises, massage, etc.; hence, any similar treatment using waters artificially charged with the essential ingredients of the natural mineral waters of Bad Nauheim. Hence, Nauheim bath, etc.

Na"vel or"ange. A type of orange in which the fruit incloses a small secondary fruit, the rind showing on the exterior a navel-like pit or depression at the apex. There are several varieties; they are usually seedless, or nearly so, and are much grown in California.

Na"vy blue`. Prussian blue.

Na*wab" (?),n.A rich, retired Anglo-Indian; a nabob.

Ne*an"der*thal` (?),a.(Anthropol.)Of, pertaining to, or named from, the Neanderthal, a valley in the Rhine Province, in which were found parts of a skeleton of an early type of man. The skull is characterized by extreme dolichocephaly, flat, retreating forehead, with closed frontal sutures, and enormous superciliary ridges. The cranial capacity is estimated at about 1,220 cubic centimeters, being about midway between that of thePithecanthropusand modern man. Hence, designating the Neanderthal race, or man, a species supposed to have been widespread in paleolithic Europe.

Ne*an`der*thal"oid (?),a.[Neanderthal+-oid.](Anthropol.)Like, or pertaining to, the Neanderthal skull, or the type of man it represents.

{ Ne`a*pol"i*tan ice, Neapolitan ice cream }.(a)An ice or ice cream containing eggs as well as cream.(b)An ice or ice cream prepared in layers, as vanilla, strawberry, and chocolate ice cream, and orange or lemon water ice.

Near beer. Any of various malt liquors (seeCitation).

Near beeris a term of common currency used to designate all that class of malt liquors which contain so little alcohol that they will not produce intoxication, though drunk to excess, and includes in its meaning all malt liquors which are not within the purview of the general prohibition law.

Cambell v. City of Thomasville, Georgia Appeal Records, 6 212.

Nec*rot"o*my (?),n.[Gr. &?; dead person + &?; to cut.](Med.)The dissection of dead bodies; also, excision of necrosed bone. -- Nec`ro*tom"ic (#),a.-- Nec*rot"o*mist (#),n.

Ne'er"-do-well` (?),n.A person who never does, or fares, well; a good for nothing.

The idle and dissolutene'er-do-wellsof their communities.

Harper's Mag.

Ne"gro*head` (?),n.An inferior commercial variety of India rubber made up into round masses.

Ne"groid (?),n.[Negro+- oid.] A member of any one of several East African tribes whose physical characters show an admixture with other races.

Ne`o*clas"sic (?),a.[Neo-+classic.] Belonging to, or designating, the modern revival of classical, esp. Greco-Roman, taste and manner of work in architecture, etc.

Neoclassic architecture. All that architecture which, since the beginning of the Italian Renaissance, about 1420, has been designed with deliberate imitation of Greco-Roman buildings.

Ne`o*crit"i*cism (?),n.[Neo-+classicism.] The form of Neo-Kantianism developed by French idealists, following C. Renouvier. It rejects the noumena of Kant, restricting knowledge to phenomena as constituted by a priori categories.

Ne`o-Dar"win*ism (?),n.The theory which holds natural selection, as explained by Darwin, to be the chief factor in the evolution of plants and animals, and denies the inheritance of acquired characters; -- esp. opposed toNeo- Lamarckism. Weismannism is an example of extreme Neo- Darwinism. -- Ne`o-Dar*win"i*an,a.&n.

Ne`o*dym"i*um (?),n.[NL. See Neo- , Didymium.](Chem.)A rare metallic element occurring in combination with cerium, lanthanum, and other rare metals, and forming amethyst-colored salts. It was separated in 1885 by von Welsbach from praseodymium, the two having previously been regarded as a single element (didymium). It is chiefly trivalent. Symbol Nd; at. wt. 144.3.

Ne`o*gram*ma"ri*an (?),n.[Neo-+grammarian; a translation of G.junggrammatiker.] One of a group of philologists who apply phonetic laws more widely and strictly than was formerly done, and who maintain that these laws admit of no real exceptions. -- Ne`o*gram*mat"ic*al (#),a.

Ne`o-Greek",n.A member of a body of French painters (F.les néo-Grecs) of the middle 19th century. The term is rather one applied by outsiders to certain artists of grave and refined style, such as Hamon and Aubert, than a name adopted by the artists themselves.

Ne`o-He*bra"ic,a.Of, pert. to, or designating, modern Hebrew, or Hebrew of later date than the Biblical.

Neo-Hebraic,n.The modern Hebrew language.

Ne`o-He*ge"li*an,a.Of or pertaining to Neo-Hegelianism.

Neo-Hegelian,n.An adherent of Neo-Hegelianism.

Ne`o-He*ge"li*an*ism,n.The philosophy of a school of British and American idealists who follow Hegel in dialectical or logical method and in the general outcome of their doctrine. The founders and leaders of Neo-Hegelianism include: in England, T. H. Green (1836-1882); in Scotland, J. (1820-98) and E. (1835-1908) Caird; in the United States, W. T. Harris (1835-1909) and Josiah Royce (1855- -).

Ne`o-Hel*len"ic,n.Same as Romaic.

Ne`o-Hel"len*ism (?),n.Hellenism as surviving or revival in modern times; the practice or pursuit of ancient Greek ideals in modern life, art, or literature, as in the Renaissance.

Ne`o*im*pres"sion*ism (?),n.(Painting)A theory or practice which is a further development, on more rigorously scientific lines, of the theory and practice of Impressionism, originated by George Seurat (1859-91), and carried on by Paul Signac (1863- -) and others. Its method is marked by the laying of pure primary colors in minute dots upon a white ground, any given line being produced by a variation in the proportionate quantity of the primary colors employed. This method is also known asPointillism(stippling).

Ne`o-Kant"i*an,a.Of or pertaining to Neo-Kantianism.

Neo-Kantian,n.An adherent of Neo- Kantianism.

Ne`o-Kant"i*an*ism,n.The philosophy of modern thinkers who follow Kant in his general theory of knowledge, esp. of a group of German philosophers including F. A. Lange, H. Cohen, Paul Natorp, and others.

Ne`o-La*marck"ism,n.(Biol.)Lamarckism as revived, modified, and expounded by recent biologists, esp. as maintaining that the offspring inherits characters acquired by the parent from change of environment, use or disuse of parts, etc.; -- opposed ofNeo-Darwinism(which see, above). -- Ne`o-La*marck"i*an,a.&n.

Ne`o-Mal*thu"sian,a.Designating, or pertaining to, a group of modern economists who hold to the Malthusianism doctrine that permanent betterment of the general standard of living is impossible without decrease of competition by limitation of the number of births. -- Ne`o- Mal*thu"sian, Ne`o-Mal*thu"sian*ism,n.

Ne`o*pa"gan*ism,n.[Neo-+paganism.] Revived or new paganism.

Ne`o-Scho*las"tic,a.Of or pert. to Neo-Scholasticism.

Ne`o-Scho*las"ti*cism,n.The modern revival of the Scholastic philosophy, esp. of that of Thomas Aquinas, with critical revision to suit the exigencies of the general advance in learning. The Neo-Scholastic movement received a great impetus from Leo XIII.'s interest in it.

||Ne plus ul"tra (?). [L., no further;neno, not +plusmore +ultrabeyond.]1.The uttermost point to which one can go or attain; hence, the summit of achievement; the highest point or degree; the acme.

2.A prohibition against proceeding further; an insuperable obstacle or limiting condition. [Obs. or R.]

Ner"ka (?),n.[Russ.niarka, prob. fr. native name.](Zoöl.)The most important salmon of Alaska (Oncorhinchus nerka), ascending in spring most rivers and lakes from Alaska to Oregon, Washington, and Idaho; -- called alsored salmon,redfish,blueback, andsawqui.

||Ne`ro-an*ti"co (?),n.[It.;neroblack +anticoancient.](Art)A beautiful black marble found in fragments among Roman ruins, and usually thought to have come from ancient Laconia.

||Ne Te"me*re (?). [So named from L.nenot +temererashly, the first two words in the decree.](R. C. Ch.)A decree of the Congregation of the Council declaring invalid [so far as the laws of the Roman Catholic Church are concerned] any marriage of a Roman Catholic, or of a person who has ever been a Roman Catholic, if not contracted before a duty qualified priest (or the bishop of the diocese) and at least two witnesses. The decree was issued Aug. 2, 1907, and took effect on Easter Apr. 19, 1908. The decree by its terms does not affect mixed marriages (those between Roman Catholics and persons of another faith) in Germany.

||Net"su*ke (?),n.[Jap.] In Japanese costume and decorative art, a small object carved in wood, ivory, bone, or horn, or wrought in metal, and pierced with holes for cords by which it is connected, for convenience, with the inro, the smoking pouch (tabako-ire), and similar objects carried in the girdle. It is now much used on purses sold in Europe and America.

||Neuf`châ`tel" (?),n.A kind of soft sweet-milk cheese; -- so called fromNeufchâtel-en-Bray in France.

{ Neu"tro*phile (?), Neu"tro*phil (?) },n.[L.neuter+ Gr. &?; loving.](Physiol.)One of a group of leucocytes whose granules stain only with neutral dyes. -- Neu"tro*phil"ic (#),a., Neu*troph"i*lous (#),a.

New Thought. Any form of belief in mental healing other than (1) Christian Science and (2) hypnotism or psychotherapy. Its central principle is affirmative thought, or suggestion, employed with the conviction that man produces changes in his health, his finances, and his life by the adoption of a favorable mental attitude. AS a therapeutic doctrine it stands for silent and absent mental treatment, and the theory that all diseases are mental in origin. As a cult it has its unifying idea the inculcation of workable optimism in contrast with the "old thought" of sin, evil, predestination, and pessimistic resignation. The term is essentially synonymous with the termHigh Thought, used in England.

Ni"be*lung`en*lied` (?),n.[G. See Nibelungs; Lied.] A great medieval German epic of unknown authorship containing traditions which refer to the Burgundians at the time of Attila (calledEtzelin the poem) and mythological elements pointing to heathen times.

Ni"be*lungs (?),n. pl.;sing.Nibelung(&?;) . In German mythology, the children of the mist, a race of dwarfs or demonic beings, the original possessors of the famous hoard and ring won by Siegfrid; also, the Burgundian kings in the Nibelungenlied.

Nick`el*o"de*on (?),n.[Nickel+odeon.] A place of entertainment, as for moving picture exhibition, charging a fee or admission price of five cents. [U. S.]

Nickel steel. A kind of cast steel containing nickel, which greatly increases its strength. It is used for armor plate, bicycle tubing, propeller shafts, etc.

Nic"o*tin*ism (?),n.[Nicotine+-ism.](Med.)The morbid condition produced by the excessive use of tobacco.

Ni*el"lo (?),n.An impression on paper taken from the engraved or incised surface before the niello alloy has been inlaid.

Niep"ce's proc"ess (?).(Photog.)A process, now no longer used, invented by J. N. Niepce, a French chemist, in 1829. It depends upon the action of light in rendering a thin layer of bitumen, with which the plate is coated, insoluble.

Nig"ger*head` (?),n.A strong black chewing tobacco, usually in twisted plug form; negro head.

Nig"gle,v. t.1.To use, spend, or do in a petty or trifling manner.

2.To elaborate excessively, as in art.

Nig"gle,v. i.(Chiefly Eng.)1.To move about restlessly or without result; to fidget.

2.To be finicky or excessively critical; to potter; esp., to work with excessive care for trifling details, as in painting.

Nig"gling (?),n.Finicky or pottering work; specif.(Fine Arts), minute and very careful workmanship in drawing, painting, or the like, esp. when bestowed on unimportant detail.

{ Night letter, Night lettergram }. See Letter, above.

Night terrors.(Med.)A sudden awkening associated with a sensation of terror, occurring in children, esp. those of unstable nervous constitution.

Ni*grit"ic (?),a.(Ethnol.)Pertaining to, or having the characteristics of, negroes, or of the Negritos, Papuans, and the Melanesian races; negritic.

||Ni"sus (?),n.(Physiol.)(a)The periodic procreative desire manifested in the spring by birds, etc.(b)The contraction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles to evacuate feces or urine.

Nix"ie (?).1.Nothing. [Slang]

2.(U. S. Mail Service)A piece of mail matter which cannot be delivered, either because no post office exists at the place to which is it addressed, or because there is no place of the name mentioned in the designated State, Territory, or the like. [Cant]

Nixie clerk. A post-office clerk in charge of the nixies.

||Ni*zam" (?),n.; pl.Nizam. [Turk.nizm.] A regular soldier of the Turkish army. See Army organization, above.

No*bel" prizes (?). Prizes for the encouragement of men and women who work for the interests of humanity, established by the will of A. B. Nobel (1833-96), the Swedish inventor of dynamite, who left his entire estate for this purpose. They are awarded yearly for what is regarded as the most important work during the year in physics, chemistry, medicine or physiology, idealistic literature, and service in the interest of peace. The prizes, averaging $40,000 each, were first awarded in 1901.

No"bert's lines (?). [After F. A.Nobert, German manufacturer in Pomerania.] Fine lines ruled on glass in a series of groups of different closeness of line, and used to test the power of a microscope.

No"bi*li's rings (?). [After LeopoldoNobili, an Italian physicist who first described them in 1826.](Physics)Colored rings formed upon a metal plate by the electrolytic disposition of copper, lead peroxide, etc. They may be produced by touching with a pointed zinc rod a silver plate on which is a solution of copper sulphate.

Noil (?),n.[Prob. fr. Prov. E.oil,ile,ail, a beard of grain (OE.eil, AS.egl) combined with the indef. article,an oilbecominga noil.] A short or waste piece or knot of wool separated from the longer staple by combing; also, a similar piece or shred of waste silk.

Non*mor"al (?),a.Not moral nor immoral; having no connection with morals; not in the sphere of morals or ethics; not ethical.

Non*un"ion (?),a.1.Not belonging to, or affiliated with, a trades union; as, anonunoincarpenter.

2.Not recognizing or favoring trades unions or trades-unionists; as, anonunioncontractor. -- Non*un"ion*ism (#),n.

Nor"folk (?),n.Short for Norfolk Jacket.

Norfolk dumpling.(Eng.)(a)A kind of boiled dumpling made in Norfolk.(b)A native or inhabitant of Norfolk.

Norfolk jacket. A kind of loose-fitting plaited jacket, having a loose belt.

Norfolk plover. The stone curlew.

Norfolk spaniel. One of a breed of field spaniels similar to the clumbers, but shorter in body and of a liver-and-white or black-and-white color.

Nor"land (?),n.[ForNorthland.]1.The land in the north; north country. [Chiefly Poetic]

2.= Norlander. [Scot. & Eng.]

Nor"land*er,n.A northener; a person from the north country.

North Star State. Minnesota; -- a nickname.

Nose,v. t.1.To confront; be closely face to face or opposite to; meet.

2.To furnish with a nose; as, tonosea stair tread.

3.To examine with the nose or sense of smell.

4.To make by advancing the nose or front end; as, the trainnosedits way into the statio;(Racing Slang)to beat by (the length of) a nose.

Nose (?),v. i.To push or move with the nose or front forward.

A train of cable cars camenosingalong.

Hamlin Garland.

Nos"o*phen (?),n.[Nose+phenol; orig. used for affections of the nose.](Pharm.)An iodine compound obtained as a yellowish gray, odorless, tasteless powder by the action of iodine on phenolphthalein.

||Nos`o*pho"bi*a (?),n.[NL.; &?; disease + &?; fear.](Med.)Morbid dread of disease.

||Nous (?),n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; mind.](Philos.)The reason; the highest intellect; God regarded as the World Reason.

{ ||Nou`veau" riche" (?),m., ||Nou`velle" riche" (?),f.}; pl.m.Noveaux riches(#),f.Nouvelles riches(#). [F.] A person newly rich.

||No"va (n"v),n.; pl. L.Novæ(-v), E.Novas(-vz). [L., fem. sing. ofnovusnew.](Astron.)A new star, usually appearing suddenly, shining for a brief period, and then sinking into obscurity. Such appearances are supposed to result from cosmic collisions, as of a dark star with interstellar nebulosities. The most important modern novæ are: --||No"va Co*ro"næ Bo`re*a"lis(&?;) [1866];||No"va Cyg"ni(&?;) [1876];||No"va An*dro"me*dæ(&?;) [1885];||No"va Au*ri"gæ(&?;) [1891-92];||No"va Per"se*i(&?;) [1901]. There are two novæ calledNova Persei. They are:(a)A small nova which appeared in 1881.(b)An extraordinary nova which appeared in Perseus in 1901. It was first sighted on February 22, and for one night (February 23) was the brightest star in the sky. By July it had almost disappeared, after which faint surrounding nebulous masses were discovered, apparently moving radially outward from the star at incredible velocity.

||No`yade" (?),n.[F., fr.noyerto drown, L.necareto kill.] A drowning of many persons at once, -- a method of execution practiced at Nantes in France during the Reign of Terror, by Jean Baptiste Carrier.

||Nul"lah (?),n.[Hind.nl, fr. Skr.nlatube.] A water course, esp. a dry one; a gully; a gorge; -- orig. an East Indian term.E. Arnold.

Nu"na*tak (?),n.; pl.- taks(#) (thepl.formNunatakkeris Swedish). [Eskimonunættak.] In Greenland, an insular hill or mountain surrounded by an ice sheet.

||Nunc" di*mit"tis (?). [L.nuncnow +dimittisthou lettest depart.](Eccl.)The song of Simeon (Luke ii. 29-32), used in the ritual of many churches. It begins with these words in the Vulgate.

{||Nu*ra"ghe (?),n.; It. pl.- ghi(&?;). Also Nu"ragh (?), etc.} [It. dial. (Sardinia)nuraghe).] One of the prehistoric towerlike structures found in Sardinia.

The so-callednuraghi, conical monuments with truncated summits, 30-60 ft. in height, 35-100 ft. in diameter at the base, constructed sometimes of hewn, and sometimes of unhewn blocks of stone without mortar. They are situated either on isolated eminences or on the slopes of the mountains, seldom on the plains, and usually occur in groups. They generally contain two (in some rare instances three) conically vaulted chambers, one above the other, and a spiral staircase constructed in the thick walls ascends to the upper stories.

Baedeker.

Nyc*tit"ro*pism (?),n.[From Gr. &?;, &?;, night + &?; to turn.](Plant Physiol.)The tendency of certain plant organs, as leaves, to assume special "sleeping" positions or make curvatures under the influence of darkness. It is well illustrated in the leaflets of clover and other leguminous plants.

||O"bi (?),n.[Jap.] A sash, esp. the long broad sash of soft material worn by women.[Japan]

Over this is bound the large sash (obi) which is the chief article of feminine adornment.

B. H. Chamberlain.

O"bi*ism (?),n.Belief in, or the practice of, the obi superstitions and rites.

Ob`ser*va"tion car. A railway passenger car made so as to facilitate seeing the scenery en route; a car open, or with glass sides, or with a kind of open balcony at the rear.

Ob*tain",v. i.To gain or have a firm footing; to become recognized or established; to become or be prevalent or general; as, the customobtainsof going to the seashore in summer.

Ob"tu*rate (?),v. t.[imp. & p. p.Obturated (?);p. pr. & vb. n.Obturating (?).] [L.obturatus; p.p. ofobturare.] To stop or close, as an opening; specif.,(Ordnance), to stop (a gun breech) so as to prevent the escape of gas in firing.

Ob"tu*ra`tor,n.1.(Ordnance)Any device for preventing the escape of gas through the breech mechanism of a breech-loading gun; a gas check.

2.(Photog.)A camera shutter.

Oc`a*ri"na (?),n.[Cf. It.carinopretty.](Mus.)A kind of small simple wind instrument.

O"dal (?),n.[Cf. Icel.&?;al, Dan.odelallodial, Sw.odal.](Law)Among the early and medieval Teutonic peoples, esp. Scandinavians, the heritable land held by the various odalmen constituting a family or kindred of freeborn tribesmen; also, the ownership of such land. The odal was subject only to certain rights of the family or kindred in restricting the freedom of transfer or sale and giving certain rights of redemption in case of change of ownership by inheritance, etc., and perhaps to other rights of the kindred or the tribe. Survivals of the early odal estates and tenure exist in Orkney and Shetland, where it is usually called by the variant formudal.

O"dal,a.(Law)Noting, or pert. to, odal land or ownership.

{ O"dal*man (?), O"dal*wom`an (?) },n.(Teut. Law)A man or woman having odal, or able to share in it by inheritance.

Odd"ment (?),n.[Odd+- ment.] An odd thing, or one that is left over, disconnected, fragmentary, or the like; something that is separated or disconnected from its fellows; esp. (inpl.), the odds and ends. Specif.:(Printing)Any separate small part or page in a book, other than the text, such as the title page, contents, etc.

A miscellaneous collection of riddles, charms, gnomic verses, and "oddments" of different kinds.

Saintsbury.

||O"dels*thing (?),n.[Norw.odelodal +tingparliament.] The lower house of the Norwegian Storthing. See Legislature.

O"din*ism (?),n.Worship of Odin; broadly, the Teutonic heathenism. -- O"din*ist,n.

Odinismwas valor; Christianism was humility, a nobler kind of valor.

Carlyle.

O"do*graph (?),n.[Gr. &?; way +- graph.]1.A machine for registering the distance traversed by a vehicle or pedestrain.

2.A device for recording the length and rapidity of stride and the number of steps taken by a walker.

O*dom"e*ter (?),n.[Gr. &?;, &?;, an instrument for measuring distances; &?; way + &?; measure: cf. F.odomètre,hodomètre.] An instrument attached to a vehicle, to measure the distance traversed; also, a wheel used by surveyors, which registers the miles and rods traversed. -- Od`o*met"ric*al (#),a.

||Œil`-de-bœuf" (?),n.; pl.Œils-de-bœuf(#). [F., lit., eye of an ox.](Arch.)A circular or oval window; -- generally used of architecture of the 17th and 18th centuries. A famous room in the palace of Versailles bears this name, from the oval window opening into it.

||Œil`-de-per`drix" (?),a.[F., lit., eye of a partridge.]1.(Ornamental Art)Characterized by, or decorated with, small round points, spots, or rings; as,œil-de-perdrixpattern.

2.Having a brownish red color; -- used esp. of light-colored red wine.

Oer"sted (?),n.[After Hans ChristianOersted, Danish physicist.](Elec.)The C.G.S. unit of magnetic reluctance or resistance, equal to the reluctance of a centimeter cube of air (or vacuum) between parallel faces. Also, a reluctance in which unit magnetomotive force sets up unit flux.

Of"fice wire` (?).(Elec.)Copper wire with a strong but light insulation, used in wiring houses, etc.

Off`print" (?),v. t.[Off+print.] To reprint (as an excerpt); as, the articles of some magazines areoffprintedfrom other magazines.

Off"print` (?),n.A reprint or excerpt.

Off"take` (?),n.[Off+take.]1.Act of taking off; specif., the taking off or purchase of goods.

2.Something taken off; a deduction.

3.A channel for taking away air or water; also, the point of beginning of such a channel; a take-off.

Ohm"me`ter (?),n.[Ohm+meter.](Elec.)An instrument for indicating directly resistance in ohms.

O*ka"pi (?),n.[Native name on the borders of Belgian Kongo, possibly the same word as Mpongweokapolean.] A peculiar mammal (Okapia johnostoni) closely related to the giraffe, discovered in the deep forests of Belgian Kongo in 1900. It is smaller than an ox, and somewhat like a giraffe, except that the neck is much shorter. Like the giraffe, it has no dewclaws. There is a small prominence on each frontal bone of the male. The color of the body is chiefly reddish chestnut, the cheeks are yellowish white, and the fore and hind legs above the knees and the haunches are striped with purplish black and cream color.

O"kra (?),n.The pods of the plant okra, used as a vegetable; also, a dish prepared with them; gumbo.

Old Dominion. Virginia; -- a name of uncertain origin, perh. from the old designation of the colony as "the Colony and Dominion of Virginia."

Old Line State. Maryland; a nickname, alluding to the fact that its northern boundary in Mason and Dixon's line.

O`le*og"ra*phy (?),n.1.Art or process of producing the pictures known as oleographs.

2.A process of identifying oils by their oleographs.

O`le*o oil (?). An oil expressed from certain animal fats (esp. beef suet), the greater portion of the solid fat, or stearin, being left behind. It is mixture of olein, palmitin, and a little stearin.

O*lym"pi*ad (?),n.The quadrennial celebration of the modern Olympic games; as, the firstOlympiad(1906).

O*lym"pi*an*ism (?),n.Worship of the Olympian gods, esp. as a dominant cult or religion.

{ O*lym"pic, or O*lym"pi*an, games }. A modified revival of the ancient Olympian games, consisting of international athletic games, races, etc., now held once in four years, the first having been at Athens in 1896.

||Om (?),interj. & n.[AlsoAum,Um.] [Skr.m.] A mystic syllable or ejaculation used by Hindus and Buddhists in religious rites, -- orig. among the Hindus an exclamation of assent, likeAmen, then an invocation, and later a symbol of the trinity formed by Vishnu, Siva, and Brahma. --Om mani padme hun, a sacred formula of buddhism (esp. of the Lamaists) translated "O, the Jewel in the Lotus, Amen," and referring to Amitabha, who is commonly represented as standing or sitting within a lotus.

O*mi"cron (?),n.[Written alsoomikron.] [NL., fr. Gr. ο. See Micro- .] Lit., the little, or short, O, o; the fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet.

On"cost`,n.(Accounting)In cost accounting, expenditure which is involved in the process of manufacture or the performance of work and which cannot be charged directly to any particular article manufactured or work done (as where different kinds of goods are produced), but must be allocated so that each kind of goods or work shall bear its proper share. [Brit.]

On"do*gram (?),n.[F.ondewave, L.unda+-gram.](Elec.)The record of an ondograph.

On"do*graph (?),n.[F.ondewave, L.unda+-graph.](Elec.)An instrument for autographically recording the wave forms of varying currents, esp. rapidly varying alternating currents.

On*dom"e*ter (?),n.[F.ondewave, L.unda+-mater.] An electric wave meter.

||On`do`yant" (?),a.[F., p.pr. ofondoyerto undulate, fr.ondewave, L.unda.](Art)Wavy; having the surface marked by waves or slightly depressed furrows; as,ondoyantglass.

On"ion*skin` (?),n.[Onion+skin.] A kind of thin translucent paper with a glossy finish.

Ooze,n.(Oceanography)A soft deposit covering large areas of the ocean bottom, composed largely or mainly of the shells or other hard parts of minute organisms, as Foraminifera, Radiolaria, and diatoms. Theradiolarian oozeoccurring in many places in very deep water is composed mainly of the siliceous skeletons of radiolarians, calcareous matter being dissolved by the lage percentage of carbon dioxide in the water at these depths.

Ooze leather. Leather made from sheep and calf skins by mechanically forcing ooze through them; esp., such leather with a soft, finely granulated finish (called sometimesvelvet finish) put on the flesh side for special purposes. Ordinary ooze leather is used for shoe uppers, in bookbinding, etc. HenceOoze calf,Ooze finish, etc.

O"pal*ine (?),n.1.An opaline variety of yellow chalcedony.

2.Opal glass.

3.An opaline color or expanse.

O"pen door.(a)Open or free admission to all; hospitable welcome; free opportunity.

She of the open soul andopen door,With room about her hearth for all mankind.

Lowell.

(b)In modern diplomacy, opportunity for political and commercial intercourse open to all upon equal terms, esp. with reference to a nation whose policy is wholly or partially fixed by nations foreign to itself, or to territory newly acquired by a conquering nation. In this sense, often used adjectively, as,open-doorsystem,open-doorpolicy, etc.

The steps taken by Britain to maintain theopen doorhave so far proved to be perfectly futile.

A. R. Colquhoun.

Open-hearth steel. See under Open.

Open sea.(Internat. Law)A sea open to all nations. See Mare clausum.

Open verdict.(Law)A verdict on a preliminary investigation, finding the fact of a crime but not stating the criminal, or finding the fact of a violent death without disclosing the cause.

Oph"ism (?),n.1.Doctrines and rites of the Ophites.

2.Serpent worship or the use of serpents as magical agencies.

||Op`ol*che"ni*e (?),n.[Russ., fr.opolchit'to make an army,polkarmy. Cf. Folk.](Russia)See Army organization, above.

Op*tom"e*trist (?),n.One who is skilled in or practices optometry.

Op*tom"e*try (?),n.1.(Med.)Measurement of the range of vision, esp. by means of the optometer.

2.As defined (with minor variations) in the statutes of various States of the United States:(a)"The employment of subjective and objective mechanical means to determine the accomodative and refractive states of the eye and the scope of its function in general."(b)"The employment of any means, other than the use of drugs, for the measurement of the powers of vision and adaptation of lenses for the aid thereof."

O"ri*ent,v. t.1.Same as Orientate, 2.

2.To place (a map or chart) so that its east side, north side, etc., lie toward the corresponding parts of the horizon; specif.(Surv.), to rotate (a map attached to a plane table) until the line of direction between any two of its points is parallel to the corresponding direction in nature.

{ Or"mazd (?) or A`hu*ra-Maz"da },n.[ZendAhuramazda.](Zoroastrianism)The supreme deity, the principle of good, creator of the world, and guardian of mankind. He is the opponent of Ahriman, the spirit of evil, both being sprung from Eternity, or, according to another version, Ahriman being the offspring of a moment of doubt on the part of Ormazd. Ormazd is attended by angels and archangels. He is represented as a bearded man inclosed in a winged circle, a conception probably derived from the Assyrian representations of Ashur.

Or"o*graph (?),n.[Gr. &?; mountain +-graph.](Surveying)A machine for use in making topographical maps. It is operated by being pushed across country, and not only records distances, like the perambulator, but also elevations.

Or`o*he"li*o*graph (?),n.[Gr. &?; mountain +helio-+-graph.](Photog.)A camera for obtaining a circular panoramic view of the horizon. The photographic plate is placed horizontally with a vertical lens above. A mirror of peculiar shape reflects light from the entire horizon to the lens, by means of which it is focused upon the plate.

O*rom"e*ter (?),n.[Gr. &?; mountain +-meter.](Meteor.)An aneroid barometer having a second scale that gives the approximate elevation above sea level of the place where the observation is made.

Or"tho*graph (?),n.[Ortho-+-graph.](Arch.)An orthographic projection, sometimes partly in section, esp. of a building.

Os"cil*lat`ing current.(Elec.)A current alternating in direction.

Os"cil*la`tor (?),n.One that oscillates; specif.:(a)(Elec.)Any device for producing electric oscillations; esp., an apparatus for generating electric waves in a system of wireless telegraphy.(b)(Mech.)An instrument for measuring rigidity by the torsional oscillations of a weighted wire.

Os"cil*lo*gram (?),n.[L.oscillare+-gram.](Elec.)An autographic record made by an oscillograph.

Os"cil*lo*graph (?),n.[L.oscillareto swing +-graph.](Elec.)An apparatus for recording or indicating alternating-current wave forms or other electrical oscillations, usually consisting of a galvanometer with strong field, in which the mass of the moving part is very small and frequency of vibration very high. -- Os`cil*lo*graph"ic (#),a.

Os`cil*lom"e*ter (?),n.[L.oscillareto swing +-meter.] An instrument for measuring the angle through which a ship rolls or pitches at sea.

Os*cil"lo*scope (?),n.[L.oscillareto swing +-scope.](Elec.)An instrument for showing visually the changes in a varying current; an oscillograph.

Os"mo*gene (?),n.[Osmose + root of Gr. &?; race.] An apparatus, consisting of a number of cells whose sides are of parchment paper, for conducting the process of osmosis. It is used esp. in sugar refining to remove potassium salts from the molasses.

Os"mo*graph (?),n.[Osmose +-graph.](Physics)An instrument for recording the height of the liquid in an endosmometer or for registering osmotic pressures.

||Os`te*ol"y*sis (?),n.[NL.osteo-+ Gr. &?; a loosing.] Softening and absorption of bone. -- Os`te*o*lyt"ic (#),a.

Os"te*o*path (?),n.A practitioner of osteopathy.

Os`te*o*path"ic (?),a.(Med.)Of or pertaining to osteopathy. -- Os`te*o*path"ic*al*ly (#),adv.

Os`te*op"a*thist (?),n.One who practices osteopathy; an osteopath.

Os`te*op"a*thy (?),n.[Osteo-+ Gr. &?; suffering.](Med.)(a)Any disease of the bones. [R.](b)A system of treatment based on the theory that diseases are chiefly due to deranged mechanism of the bones, nerves, blood vessels, and other tissues, and can be remedied by manipulations of these parts.

||Os`te*o*per`i*os*ti"tis (?),n.[NL.;osteo-+periosteum +-itis.](Med.)Inflammation of a bone and its periosteum.

||Os`te*o*po*ro"sis (?),n.[NL.;osteo-+ Gr. &?; pore.](Med. & Physiol.)An absorption of bone so that the tissue becomes unusually porous.

||Os`te*o*scle*ro"sis (?),n.[NL.;osteo-+sclerosis.] Abnormal hardness and density of bone.

||Ot*ta"va ri"ma (?). [It. See Octave, and Rhyme.](Pros.)A stanza of eight lines of heroic verse, with three rhymes, the first six lines rhyming alternately and the last two forming a couplet. It was used by Byron in "Don Juan," by Keats in "Isabella," by Shelley in "The Witch of Atlas," etc.

Ot"to cy`cle (?).(Thermodynamics)A four- stroke cycle for internal-combustion engines consisting of the following operations: First stroke, suction into cylinder of explosive charge, as of gas and air; second stroke, compression, ignition, and explosion of this charge; third stroke (the working stroke), expansion of the gases; fourth stroke, expulsion of the products of combustion from the cylinder. This is the cycle invented by Beau de Rochas in 1862 and applied by Dr. Otto in 1877 in the Otto-Crossley gas engine, the first commercially successful internal-combustion engine made.

Otto engine. An engine using the Otto cycle.

Oua`na`niche" (?),n.[Canadian F., of Amer. Indian origin.] A small landlocked variety of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar ounaniche) of Lake St. John, Canada, and neighboring waters, noted for its vigor and activity, and habit of leaping from the water when hooked.

Out*foot" (?),v. t.To outrun or outwalk; hence, of a vessel, to outsail. [Colloq.]

Out"pen`sion (?),v. t.To grant an outpension to.

Out"pen`sion,n.A public pension granted to one not required to live in a charitable institution. -- Out"pen`sion*er,n.

||Ou`tré" (?),a.[F., p.p. ofouterto exaggerate, fr. L.ultrabeyond. See Outrage.] Out of the common course or limits; extravagant; bizarre; as, anoutrécostume.

My first mental development had in it much of the uncommon -- even much of theoutré.

Back to Index Next